DOCSLIB.ORG

Factors Affecting the Fracture Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Molar Crowns Produced Using a Zirconia-Based System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Factors Affecting the Fracture Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Molar Crowns Produced Using a Zirconia-Based System Factors Affecting the Fracture Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Molar Crowns Produced Using a Zirconia-based System by Mohammed Hani Zahran A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Dentistry University of Toronto © Copyright by Mohammed Hani Zahran (2013) Factors Affecting the Fracture Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Molar Crowns Produced Using a Zirconia-based System Mohammed Hani Zahran Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Dentistry University of Toronto 2013 Zirconium-oxide ceramic was introduced as a potential restorative material for posterior teeth due to its superior mechanical properties. However, zirconia is opaque and needs to be masked with an esthetic veneer. Short-term clinical studies showed a high rate of veneer chipping/delamination for zirconia-based posterior crowns. This may be attributed to either inferior strength of the veneering porcelain or weakness in the zirconia-veneer bond. The aims of this in-vitro project were to analyze some of the factors that can influence the performance of zirconia-based molar crowns and to characterize the zirconia-veneer interface. The project consisted of four parts. The first part aimed to evaluate the effect of total thickness, core thickness and veneering technique on fracture mode and strength of zirconia-porcelain specimens of simple geometry. Results indicated that all three variables significantly affected mean fracture load, while only two (total thickness and core thickness) affected fracture mode. The second part aimed to assess the effect of core design and thickness on fatigue resistance, fracture strength and fracture mode/extent of zirconia-based molar crowns. Results indicated that core thickness, but not core design, had a significant effect on ii fracture strength. The anatomically-shaped core design reduced the size of the veneering porcelain fracture. In the third part, the effect of core design and two different CAD-CAM-produced veneering materials on fatigue resistance, fracture load and fracture mode of zirconia- based molar crowns was examined. Results indicated that the veneering material, but not core design, had a significant effect on fracture load and mode. The fourth part aimed to characterize the zirconia-porcelain interface using modern surface analysis techniques (Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF- SIMS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)). Results indicated chemical changes of zirconium along the interface. In conclusion, improving the strength of the veneering layer by using pressed veneering porcelain can enhance performance of posterior zirconia-based crowns in comparison to manual build-up technique. Furthermore, fusing a CAD-CAM-produced veneering layer to the underlying zirconia core is a promising technique that can augment veneering porcelain strength and enhance zirconia-porcelain bond. Modifying core design, crown thickness and core thickness can improve performance of zirconia-based molar crowns. iii Dedication iv Acknowledgement Praise and gratitude to ALLAH, Almighty, without whose gracious help it would have been impossible to accomplish this work. First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Omar El-Mowafy, whose expertise, understanding, time and patience, added considerably to my graduate experience. I appreciate his support, advice, guidance and mentorship throughout my master and doctorate journey, which lasted more than 8 years. Special thanks to my co-supervisor, Prof. Asbjorn Jokstad, for his expertise, understanding, patience, professionalism and mentorship during my clinical training at the Faculty. His insight and guidance contributed significantly to this project. Also, I wish to thank my other thesis advisory committee members, Dr. Laura Tam and Dr. Amin Rizkalla for the time they provided throughout this project. Dr. Tam’s valuable and thorough comments and suggestions helped significantly in improving the quality of this finished product. Without Dr. Rizkalla’s expertise in the field of engineering and his appreciated effort in performing some of the mechanical testing at his lab, this project would not be possible. Specials thanks also go to my family for the support they provided through my entire life, and very special thanks go to my wife, love and best friend, Dania, and my sons, Abdullah, Ibrahim and Yousuf. Without their love, encouragement, on-going support and sacrifices throughout this process, I would not have finished my graduate program. A special welcome goes to the new member of our family, Abdulelah, who was hidding for the last 9 months and joined us just after defending my dissertation. In conclusion, I recognize that this research would not have been possible without the financial support of the King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. This support is duly acknowledged. v Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review ...................................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Dental Ceramics Classification .................................................................................................................. 3 1.3. Indications for All-Ceramic Restorations ............................................................................................. 4 1.4. Fracture of All-Ceramics Materials and Restorations ..................................................................... 4 1.5. Fatigue Process in Ceramics Materials and Restorations .............................................................. 5 1.5.1. Factors Affecting the Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Restorations ....................................... 7 1.5.2. Improving the Strength of Ceramic Material .................................................................................... 12 1.5.3. Laboratory Testing of the Performance of the Ceramic Materials and Restorations ...... 13 1.5.4. Methods for Testing the Effect of Fatigue on Ceramic Materials and Restorations ......... 14 1.5.5. Simulating the Clinical Situation in the Fatigue Testing .............................................................. 18 1.6. Survival Rates of All-Ceramic Crowns .................................................................................................. 19 1.7. Zirconium Oxide Ceramics ........................................................................................................................ 20 Chapter 2: Rationale and Objectives .................................................................................... 27 Chapter 3: Manuscript 1 ....................................................................................................... 29 Effect of total thickness, core thickness and veneering porcelain application technique on fracture of zirconia/porcelain combinations ............................................................................................ 30 Chapter 4: Manuscript 2 ....................................................................................................... 58 Effect of core thickness and design on fracture strength and fatigue resistance of zirconia-based crowns ........................................................................................................................................ 59 Chapter 5: Manuscript 3 ....................................................................................................... 96 Effect of core design and veneering material on fracture strength and fatigue resistance of zirconia molar crowns ................................................................................................................................... 97 Chapter 6: Manuscript 4 ..................................................................................................... 129 Characterization of the interface between zirconia and veneering porcelain .......................... 130 vi Chapter 7: Summary and Clinical Relevance ..................................................................... 155 Appendices ......................................................................................................................... 159 Reference ............................................................................................................................ 197 vii List of Tables (Table 3.1) Composition and some properties of materials used for core and veneering porcelain. ...................................................................................................................... 44 (Table 3.2) Firing program for materials used in the study. ................................................. 45 (Table 3.3) Experimental groups according to core thickness (mm), total thickness (mm) and veneering porcelain. ............................................................................................... 46 (Table 3.4) Fracture load (N) data for all groups. ................................................................. 47 (Table 3.5) Factorial ANOVA .............................................................................................. 48 (Table 3.6) The effect of different independent variables on fracture load (N). .................. 49 (Table 3.7) Incidence of different types of fracture mode for all groups. ............................ 50 (Table 3.8) Effect of different
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907)
    Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907) BuYun Chen Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 BuYun Chen All rights reserved ABSTRACT Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907) BuYun Chen During the Tang dynasty, an increased capacity for change created a new value system predicated on the accumulation of wealth and the obsolescence of things that is best understood as fashion. Increased wealth among Tang elites was paralleled by a greater investment in clothes, which imbued clothes with new meaning. Intellectuals, who viewed heightened commercial activity and social mobility as symptomatic of an unstable society, found such profound changes in the vestimentary landscape unsettling. For them, a range of troubling developments, including crisis in the central government, deep suspicion of the newly empowered military and professional class, and anxiety about waste and obsolescence were all subsumed under the trope of fashionable dressing. The clamor of these intellectuals about the widespread desire to be “current” reveals the significant space fashion inhabited in the empire – a space that was repeatedly gendered female. This dissertation considers fashion as a system of social practices that is governed by material relations – a system that is also embroiled in the politics of the gendered self and the body. I demonstrate that this notion of fashion is the best way to understand the process through which competition for status and self-identification among elites gradually broke away from the imperial court and its system of official ranks.
    [Show full text]
  • UCPPE Policy Manual
    UNITED COURT OF THE PIKES PEAK EMPIRE * BY-LAWS * AMENDED: 2-11-2018 United Court of the Pikes Peak Empire By-Laws TABLE OF CONTENTS Article I Name, Nature, Ownership Page 5 Section 1.01 Name 1.02 Nature 1.03 Ownership Article II Offices, Location and Boundary Page 5 Section 2.01 Corporate office 2.02 Realm 2.03 Jurisdiction 2.04 Scope Article III Purposes of the Corporation Page 5 Section 3.01 Purpose 3.02 Goals Article IV Members Page 6 Section 4.01 Class of Members 4.2 Election of Members 4.3 Voting Rights 4.4 Termination of Membership 4.5 Resignation 4.6 Reinstatement 4.7 Transfer of Membership 4.8 Due Article V Meetings of Members Page 7 Section 5.01 Annual Meeting 5.2 Special Meetings 5.3 Notice of Meetings 5.4 Informal Actions of Members 5.5 Quorum 5.6 Proxies and Voting by Mail 5.7 Absentee Ballots Article VI Board of Advisors Page 8 Section 6.01 Advisors Manage Corporate Affairs 6.2 Number, Tenure and Qualifications 6.3 Meetings 6.4 Telephone Polls 6.5 Board Decisions 6.6 Vacancies 6.7 Removal 6.8 Compensation P a g e | 2 | Article VII Powers and Duties of the Board of Advisors Page 9 Section 7.01 Role of Advisors 7.2 Policy Decisions 7.3 Powers and Duties Article VIII Functions of Advisors Page 10 Article IX The Imperial Monarchs and their Court Page 11 Section 9.01 Imperial Monarch titles 9.02 Selection process 9.03 Term of Imperial Monarchs 9.04 Purpose of the Imperial Monarchs 9.05 Duties of the Imperial Monarchs 9.06 State Functions 9.07 Lines of Succession 9.08 Monarch’s Powers, Duties, and Limitations 9.09 Titles 9.10
    [Show full text]
  • Susan Mcmahon, DMD AAACD Modern Adhesive Dentistry: Real World Esthetics for Presentation and More Info from Catapult Education
    Susan McMahon, DMD AAACD Modern Adhesive Dentistry: Real World Esthetics For presentation and more info from Catapult Education Text SusanM to 33444 Susan McMahon DMD • Accredited by the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry: One of only 350 dentists worldwide to achieve this credential • Seven times named among America’s Top Cosmetic Dentists, Consumers Research Council of America • Seven time medal winner Annual Smile Gallery American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry • Fellow International Academy Dental-Facial Esthetics • International Lecturer and Author Cosmetic Dental Procedures and Whitening Procedures • Catapult Education Elite, Key Opinion Leaders Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Cosmetic dentistry is comprehensive oral health care that combines art and science to optimally improve dental health, esthetics, and function.” Why Cosmetic Dentistry? Fun Success dependent upon many disciplines Patients desire Variety cases/materials services Insurance free Professionally rewarding Financially rewarding Life changing for Artistic! patients “Adolescents tend to be strongly concerned about their faces and bodies because they wish to present a good physical appearance. Moreover, self-esteem is considered to play an important role in psychological adjustment and educational success” Di Biase AT, Sandler PJ. Malocclusion, Orthodontics and Bullying, Dent Update 2001;28:464-6 “It has been suggested that appearance dissatisfaction can lead to feelings of depression, loneliness and low self-esteem among other psychological outcomes.” Nazrat MM, Dawnavan
    [Show full text]
  • The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. The Development of Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrarchs to the Herakleian Dynasty General Introduction The emperor, as head of state, was the most important and powerful individual in the land; his official portraits and to a lesser extent those of the empress were depicted throughout the realm. His image occurred most frequently on small items issued by government officials such as coins, market weights, seals, imperial standards, medallions displayed beside new consuls, and even on the inkwells of public officials. As a sign of their loyalty, his portrait sometimes appeared on the patches sown on his supporters’ garments, embossed on their shields and armour or even embellishing their jewelry. Among more expensive forms of art, the emperor’s portrait appeared in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings such as murals and donor portraits. Several types of statues bore his likeness, including those worshiped as part of the imperial cult, examples erected by public 1 officials, and individual or family groupings placed in buildings, gardens and even harbours at the emperor’s personal expense.
    [Show full text]
  • The Constitution of the Imperial Sovereign Gem Court of Idaho
    THE CONSTITUTION OF THE IMPERIAL SOVEREIGN GEM COURT OF IDAHO GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ARTICLE I BY-LAWS................................................................................................... 2 ARTICLE II NAME, SYMBOLS AND COLORS.......................................................... 2 ARTICLE III PURPOSE.................................................................................................... 2 ARTICLE IV COURT MEMBERSHIP............................................................................. 2 ARTICLE V COURT OFFICERS..................................................................................... 4 ARTICLE VI COURT AUTHORITY................................................................................ 6 ARTICLE VII COURT MEETINGS................................................................................... 7 ARTICLE VIII REIGN ADMINISTRATION...................................................................... 7 ARTICLE IX AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE REIGNING MONARCHS............................................................................................... 9 ARTICLE X BOARD OF DIRECTORS.......................................................................... 11 ARTICLE XI THE PROVINCES....................................................................................... 18 ARTICLE XII FINANCIAL................................................................................................ 20 ARTICLE XIII MONARCH TRAVEL FUND....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Procedures & Protocols
    Procedures and Protocol As approved November 19, 2019. 1 | Page 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. PREAMBLE and OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................. 4 3. TITLES ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. APPLICATION FOR MONARCH .............................................................................................................................. 4 5. CANDIDATE'S CAMPAIGN ..................................................................................................................................... 5 6. ELECTIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 7. THE BALLOT BOX .................................................................................................................................................. 5 8. COUNTING OF THE BALLOTS ................................................................................................................................ 6 9. THE ANNUAL CHARITY BALL ................................................................................................................................. 6 10. DUTIES OF THE MONARCHS
    [Show full text]
  • The Imperial Sovereign Rose Court Oprerations Manual
    THE IMPERIAL SOVEREIGN ROSE COURT OPRERATIONS MANUAL This Manual contains the operations guidelines, rules, regulations, and other information for which the Imperial Sovereign Rose Court of Oregon maintains and operates on a daily basis. This Manual is not meant to be exact, complete, or 100% of exactly how the Imperial Sovereign Rose Court of Oregon operates, just for general knowledge and basics. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Operations Manual Information Board of Directors Titled and Additional Offices Rose Emperor and Empress Imperial Prince and Princess Royale Oregon Titles Portland Titles Knight and Debutante’ Events After Voting Show Friends and Family Shows Procedures Yearly Annual Meeting Procedures Calling Meetings Money Handling ISRC Website Travel Fund Guidelines for Event Programs ISRC Issued Perpetual Awards Traditions of the ISRC Crowning Ceremony Traditional Event Dates Court Walk Protocol Travel Fund Celebration of Life Proclamations Alteration and Termination Rose Empress and Rose Emperor Regalia Investitures Rose Pin Ceremony Flag Ceremony at ISRC Pageants and Balls Coronation per Ticket Donation Proclamations by the Monarchs of the ISRC Forms Available on the ISRC Web Site Appendix 2 I. Operation Manual A. Established Definitions 1. Continuous Sustaining Membership: Continuous Sustaining Membership: is defined as Members who have paid in full for a one-year membership without lapse. Membership shall be determined to have lapsed, and therefore not continuous, if a member has not paid a full fee for the year and a full term has passed. Year is defined as October Coronation to October Coronation. 2. ISRC: The Imperial Sovereign Rose Court of Oregon. 3. Quad-County: refers to the Oregon counties of Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah and Washington.
    [Show full text]
  • Ming China: Courts and Contacts 1400–1450
    Ming China: Courts and Contacts 1400–1450 Edited by Craig Clunas, Jessica Harrison-Hall and Luk Yu-ping Publishers Research and publication supported by the Arts and The British Museum Humanities Research Council Great Russell Street London wc1b 3dg Series editor The Ming conference was generously supported by Sarah Faulks The Sir Percival David Foundation Percival David Foundation Ming China: Courts and Contacts 1400–1450 Edited by Craig Clunas, Jessica Harrison-Hall This publication is made possible in part by a grant from and Luk Yu-ping the James P. Geiss Foundation, a non-profit foundation that sponsors research on China’s Ming dynasty isbn 978 0 86159 205 0 (1368–1644) issn 1747 3640 Names of institutions appear according to the conventions of international copyright law and have no other significance. The names shown and the designations used on the map on pp. viii–ix do not imply official endorsement Research and publication supported by Eskenazi Ltd. or acceptance by the British Museum. London © The Trustees of the British Museum 2016 Text by British Museum staff © 2016 The Trustees of the British Museum 2016. All other text © 2016 individual This publication arises from research funded by the contributors as listed on pp. iii–v John Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research Fund Front cover: Gold pillow end, one of a pair, inlaid with jewels, 1425–35. British Museum, London (1949,1213.1) Pg. vi: Anonymous, The Lion and His Keeper, Ming dynasty, c. 1400–1500. Hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk. Image: height 163.4cm, width 100cm; with mount: height 254.2cm, width 108cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Monarch: Do You Accept This
    Coronation Crowning Ceremonies Note: The President of the Board will hold the Red Book, The Prince and Princess will hold the Scepters. The reigning Monarch(s) will read from the Red Book. Emcee: The Imperial Robes represent the mantle of protection that the Emperor and Empress gives to the people of the Empire. Bring forth the Imperial Robes. Monarch: _______________ do you accept this Imperial Robe as the mantle of protection you are to give your people? Emperor Elect: I Do Monarch: _______________ do you accept this Imperial Robe as the mantle of protection you are to give your people? Empress Elect: I Do Emcee: The Emperor’s Mantle represents the trust of the Emperor to the people of the Empire. Please bring forth the Emperor’s Mantle Monarch: _______________ do you accept this Imperial Mantle as a symbol of Trust and Tradition of the Rose Emperor? Emperor Elect: I Do Emcee: The Imperial Sword is the symbol of defense for the people of the Empire. Bring forth the Imperial Sword Monarch: _______________ do you accept this Imperial Sword as the symbol of defense for your people? Emperor Elect: I Do Monarch: _______________ do you accept this Imperial Sword as the symbol of defense for your people? Empress Elect: I do Emcee: The Imperial Orb symbolizes the unity between the thrones of the Emperor and the Empress. Bring forth the Imperial Orb. Monarch: _______________ do you accept this Imperial Orb as the symbol of Peace and Understanding you are to promote throughout the Empire? Emperor Elect: I Do Monarch: _______________ do you accept this Imperial Orb as the symbol of Peace and Understanding you are to promote throughout the Empire? Empress Elect: I do Emcee: The Imperial Scepters are symbols of authority over the Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Speeches of Empress Menen
    WORKS & TEACHINGS OF EMPRESS MENEN OF ETHIOPIA By M.T. Abegaze Yehuda Anbessit Creations Copyright C 2003 Yehuda Anbessit Creations All information in this book may be reproduced or utilized without permission of the Publsiher. Portions of this book were originally published in Ethiopia in 1950 E.C. The information is for everyone who seeks knowledge of Empress Menen. Printed in the United States of America First U.S. Edition 1st Printing Reprinted 2010 Book Design by B. Dread & Fetari 7 Edited by B. Dread Link Up: [email protected] CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii INTRODUCTION by Kulcha Dane xi CHAPTER ONE: 1 Ethiopian History CHAPTER TWO: 5 Chronological History of Empress Menen’s Accomplishments CHAPTER THREE: 41 Selected Speeches of Empress Menen GLOSSARY 49 SELAH 51 Livicated to Emaye and dawtas (Yenae Fikroch, Yehuda Anbessit, Sister Baby G) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Strength and honor are her clothing; And she shall rejoice in time to come. She openeth her mouth with knowledge; And her tongue is the law of kindness. She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness. Her children arise up, and call her love, Her king also, and he praises her. Many daughter have done virtuously, But thou excellest them all. Favor is deceitful, and beauty is vain; But a woman who loveth the Most High She shall be praised. Give her of the fruit of her hands; And let her own works praise her in the gates. - Proverbs 31:25-31 vii The great, wise King Solomon once said, ‘there is nothing new under the sun.’ Though this may be true, each generation seems to add it’s own influence of style and philosophy to their culture.
    [Show full text]
  • ·PLANETARIAN Journal of the International Planetarium Society Vol
    ·PLANETARIAN Journal of the International Planetarium Society Vol. 30, No.4, December 2001 Articles 4 Cosmic Spaceflight 101 .......................................... James Sweitzer 9 How Tycho Brahe Really Died .. Aase Jacobsen & Lars Petersen 11 Special Effect Control Using PC Printer Port ................................ Piyush Pandey and Avijit Biswas 13 Abstracts from 2001 Planetariums ................... Jean-Michel Faidit Features 17 Mobile News Network ............................................. Susan Button 22 President's Message .............................................. Martin Ratcliffe 24 Focus on Education ............ Kathy Michaels & Francine Jackson 27 Reviews ...................................................................... April S. Whitt 32 What's New ................................................................ Jim Manning 38 Gibbous Gazette ....................................................... James Hughes 41 International News ..................................................... Lars Broman 46 NASA Space Science News ........................................ Anita Sohus 48 Last Light ....................................................................... April Whitt This is lNhat counts: ZKP 3 5 51 Decatur, USA Fle xi bility ZMP -TO 552 Glasgow, UK Brilliance ZKf" 3 5 5 3 Muscat , OM Quality MIX 554 St . loui s, USA Pre c i si on MIX 555 los Angeles, USA Re liabi l ity ZKP 3 556 Schwaz, A K now - Ho w M IX 5 5 7 Vima, A Ergonomics MIX 558 Stuttga,t, D Service ZKP 3 5 5 9 Cleveland. USA T r u s t ZKP 3 560 "'"gos, " Seeing is Believing! ZMP-TO Kenner, USA In the U.S. & Canada 561 contact Pearl Reilly ,r,' ; ( • " ,"A, N, Phone: 800-726- 8805 ZKP 3 Ta oj oo, SK fax 985-76j-~396 562 {-Mdll: plle,fi, ",am.com ZKP 3 563 Kreuzllngen. CH Carl Zeiss Planetarium Division 564 07745 lend, Germany Phone: -t-49· 3641·642406 Fax +49-3641-643023 £ Mall: piane!dllum(:: zel~~.de W\VI'V zel~s.delplan('taf1ums The Planetarian (ISN 0090-3213) is published quarterly by the International Planetarium Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Lot 1 BRUTAL FORCE Stable G23 Chestnut Colt Foaled 15.08.2011
    Account of LAMMERSKRAAL STUD (PTY) LTD. Lot 1 BRUTAL FORCE Stable G23 Chestnut colt Foaled 15.08.2011 Sire Gone West Mr. Prospector .............. Raise a Native Western Winter (USA) Secrettame .......................... Secretariat 1992 Chilly Hostess Vice Regent ................ Northern Dancer Impressive Lady .................. Impressive Dam Pas de Quoi Roland Gardens ................. Derring-Do Nacarat Merci Beaucoup .........................Anono 1995 Tawny Red Northfields .................. Northern Dancer Port Wine..............................Plum Bold WESTERN WINTER (USA) (Brown 1992-Stud 1997). 5 wins, Hialeah Joseph M O'Farrell S., L. Champion Sire in South Africa 3 times. Sire of 584 rnrs, 463 wnrs, 71 SW, inc. Yard-Arm (South African Derby, Gr.1), Winter Solstice, What a Winter, Bad Girl Runs, Lady Windermere, Ice Cube, Argonaut, Fearless, Set Afire, Warm White Night, Surveyor, Covenant, Solo Traveller, On Her Toes, Nania, Fair Maiden, Swartland, Reveille Boy, Roxanne, etc. 1st dam NACARAT, by Pas de Quoi. 4 wins at 1200m, 1400m. Half-sister to RUDRA, SET AFIRE, AQUILA RAPAX, SPLENDID RED. This is her tenth foal. Her ninth foal is a 2YO. Dam of eight foals to race, seven winners, inc:- NANIA (04 f. by Western Winter). 5 wins-3 at 2-from 1200m to 1600m, R591,048, Clairwood Thekwini S., Gr.1, Kenilworth Prix du Cap, Gr.3, 2d Greyville Debutante S., Gr.2, Kenilworth Fillies Championship S., Gr.2, 3d Kenilworth Majorca S., Gr.1, Kenilworth Fillies Nursery, Gr.3, 4th Kenilworth Sceptre S., Gr.2, Premier's Trophy, Gr.2, Olympic Duel S., L. Vermilion (03 f. by Western Winter). 4 wins to 1400m, R198,890, 2d Kenilworth Prix du Cap, Gr.3.
    [Show full text]