Achilles 319 Actian Games 160 Actium 6, 8, 33, 86, 99, 106, 107

Cambridge University Press 0521807964 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus Edited by Karl Galinsky Index More information

Index S

Achilles 319 Antium 61 Actian Games 160 Antonia 142, 144 Actium 6, 8, 33, 86, 99, 106, 107, 108, Antony 18–23, 34, 199, 346 115, 116, 238, 31 0 , 316 blocks Octavian 152 –159 , 178 in poetry 313 confiscations of 182 adoption 48 as consul 186–188, 189 adultery 145 as Dionysus 152 –158 , 238 Aeneas 154 , 202, 238 as flamen 183–184, 187 in Aeneid 344–351 and Herod 361–367 on Ara Pacis 224–225, 289 married to Octavia 140, 144 at Cumae 282–288 suicide of 240 in Forum of Augustus 246, 301–302 will of 25, 109 kills Turnus 287 see also Cleopatra shield 299 Apamea (Kibotos) 93–94 statuary group 297, 301–302 Apollo Africa 122 and Octavian 208 agriculture 122 Temple on Palatine 20, 160, 178–179, Agrippa, Marcus 21, 23, 25, 38, 42, 191, 237, 255, 256, 282, 284–285, 43–44, 114, 140, 158 –159 , 200, 272 334 as aedile 240 Sosius Temple 208 dedicates Pantheon 242 terracotta plaques 220 and Herod 368–369, 374 Apollonia 103 and Horace 307 Apollonius (of Rhodes) 318 map of 244 Appian 115 married to Julia 140, 144, 212 Ara Pacis (Altar of Augustan Peace) 29, Villa of 264, 271 31 , 131, 142, 212–217, 221–225, 230, Agrippa Postumus 48, 49, 50 247, 258, 260 Villa of 272–274, 275 floral frieze 288 Alexander the Great 120, 203, 208, arches 250 341 architecture, conservatism of 248 Alexandria 234, 384 art, popular appeal of 7 allegiance, oath of 22 Greek 291 Amiternum 230–232 Arvales 181 amphitheater 159 Ascanius 301–302, 344, 348 Anatolia 93, 102 astrology 64–65 Antipater 362–364 Athens 374

401

Index

Atistia 226–227, 230 Caesarea (generic) 124; (Judea) 99, 114, Atrium Libertatis 21 368–371, 382, 384; (Mauretania) 99, auctoritas 6, 16, 27, 29, 31 113, 261; (Philippi) 372; (Sebaste) Augusta Emerita 261 371 Augustales 31 Caesarion 21, 199 Augustalia 160, 190 calendar, reform by Julius Caesar 2, Augustus passim 58–59, 62, 190 building program 28, 78–80, Caligula 103, 378 277 Callimachus 307, 357 as censor 28 Calvus, Licinius 307, 318 consulates of 25, 26, 35, 36, 43 Camilla 296 divine honors 182 Campus Martius 257–258 illness of 37–38 cartography 77 last words 13, 128, 173, 203, Cassius 139 260 Cato 31 0 as literary patron 332–336 Catullus 307, 312 , 318 , 321, 328 marriages 140 ceramic production 122 maternal lineage 140 Cestius, Pyramid 251, 272 as pater orbis 340 Cicero 18–19, 62–64, 68–73, 74–75, 116, will 50 126, 127, 136, 137 Aurelia 136 death of 152 auspices 185–186 on Octavian 186–188, 192 on Varro 235 Balbus, Cornelius 100 Pro Archia 315 Basilica Aemilia 221, 246, 250 Catilinarians 138 Bathyllus 168 Pro Flacco 94 Berenice 383–384 Paradoxa Stoicorum 291–292 bookshops 324 Second Philippic 183 Boscoreale 265–267 Pro Quinctio 123 Boscotrecase 264, 272–274 Cinna, Helvius 307, 321 Brundisium, Treaty of 19 Ciris 311 Brutus 136 citizenship, Roman 90, 91, 122 Buthrotum 298 Claudius 378, 384 clientelae 100 Caesar ( Julius) 96, 104, 109, 120, 125, Cleopatra 20, 21, 22, 34, 144, 145, 136, 137 346 in art 207 and Antony 156 –157 building programs 235 and Herod 361–362 De Analogia 74–75 and Judea 366–367 defeats Pompey 123 in Octavian’s triumph 159 deiﬁed 101, 178, 183–184, 186 war on 180, 199–200, 218 grand-uncle of Octavian 199 wealth of 241 and Herod 361 Clodia 139 in Judea 364 coloniae 90, 261–262 and Jews 383–384 Concord, Temple of 48, 293, 294 in Ovid’s Metamorphoses 353, 358 Consolatio ad Liviam 336 pontifex maximus 3 conventus 95 star of 152 Corinth 96–97, 101

402

Index

Cornelia 137, 146 Forum of Augustus 29, 237, 246, 254, Crassus, Licinius 68–69 256, 261, 282, 285–288, 291, cult of emperor 102–103, 183–184, 187, 301–302 375 Forum Iulium (Forum of Caesar) 235, Cyrene edicts 94 237 Cyzicus 89 Forum Romanum 235, 246, 255–256 freedmen 31 , 198;inart230–232 Daedalus 295 friendship (amicitia) 113–114 Danaids 284–285 Foucault, M. 2, 56, 336 Dardanus 346 Fulvia 142, 143–144 declamation 73 Delos 374 Gaius and Lucius Caesar 35, 44, 46–47, diaspora, Roman 5–6, 85–105; Jewish 140, 201, 202, 246, 376;inart212; 383–384 on Ara Pacis 224–225 Dido 146, 295–296, 300, 319 , 347–348, Gallus, Cornelius 307, 309, 318 , 321, 351 326, 334 Diodorus 341–342 games 161–162; see also Ludi Dionysius of Halicarnassus 117–118, 258 gardens 251, 289 Diribitorium 253 Gaul 110, 114, 122 divination 64–65 Gelzer, M. 56 divinity of emperor 102–103, 262 genius of Augustus 31 divorce 136–137 Germanicus 48, 142 Divus Iulius, Temple 242, 250, 255 Gibbon, E. 1, 2, 33 Dolabella 137 global perspective 241–242 Domitius Marsus 336 Golden Shield (clupeus virtutis) 24 drama, Greek 166 Gracchuris 123 Drusus 140, 318 Gracchus, Sempronius 334 grain, supply 26; donations of 40 economy, growth of 111 Egnatius Rufus 27 Hadrumetum 91 Egypt 110 Hellenization 81, 109–110 Egyptomania 265, 271–272 Hercules 220 ekphrasis 275, 299 Herod 112–114, 115, 342, 361–384 Elegiae in Maecenatem 336 Herodotus 294 elites,´ in Roman art 230; provincial Holscher,¨ T. 300–301 124–125 Homer 348–350 England, “Augustan” 1 Horace 2, 62–64, 99, 126, 140, 145, 321, Ennius 315 , 318 , 344 322 Ephesus 102 Carmen Saeculare 162, 314 , 323, 333 Ephorus 341 Epistles 31 0 equestrians 28, 31 Letter to Augustus 125, 163, 306 Essenes 381 lyric poetry 7 Eurycles of Sparta 101, 113–114, 115 Ode 20, 59, 62–64, 130–131, 145, 199 Eurysaces 226–227, 230 patrons 307, 315 –318 Evander 346 at Philippi 139 Satires 234, 248, 311 , 312 –313 , 325–337 Fasti 2, 60–62; see also Ovid on theater 164–166 ﬁnanciers 91 horizons of Roman world 117

403

Index

Horologium 65, 247 Lepidus 14, 19, 28, 139; see also House of Augustus 30, 160, 240, triumvirate 250–251, 256; wall paintings 264, death of 192 268–269, 271 as pontifex maximus 178, 180, 186–188, House of Livia 268–269, 274 189 Lex Iulia Theatralis 163 identiy, Roman 5, 6, 100, 122;cf. Lex Voconia 135, 141 Romanization libraries 324 ideology 8 life expectancy 135 imperator 19 Lilybaeum 95 imperium consulare, of Augustus 17, 26, Livia 47, 130, 131, 137, 138, 139, 140, 27, 36, 41; of Tiberius 50 294 inscriptions 92, 93 in art 197–200, 202, 208–210 Isauricus 139 on Ara Pacis 223 Italians (outside of Italy) 85–105 married to Augustus 140–147 privileges 179–180 Janus, Temple 23, 182, 189 hostile tradition to 144 Jerusalem 369 Livy 131–132, 138, 234, 342–343 Jesus 376, 377, 381–382 on theater 163 Jews, at Rome 383–384; see also Lucilius 312 diaspora Lucretius 63, 307, 311 , 318 John the Baptist 382 Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games) 22, 162, Josephus 112–113, 361–384 190, 314 , 323 Juba 113–114, 115, 145 Ludi Victoriae Caesaris 152 Judea 112, 361–384 Lugdunum (Lyon) 103, 114, 124 Julia, daughter of Augustus 43, 45, 130, Lusus Troiae 347 131, 180, 199–202 in art 212 Maecenas 140, 151 , 164, 168, 322, 326, on Ara Pacis 223 328–332 married to Tiberius 140 Gardens of 251 villa of 271 as literary patron 312 , 313 –316 Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar and Vergil 307, 309 141 Mantua 299 Julus, see Ascanius Marcellus 25, 38, 43, 130, 140–146, 200 Jupiter 354 married to Julia 212 Jupiter Feretrius 180–181 Marius, Gaius 75 Juvenal 170, 329 marriages 134–135 dynastic 144 knowledge, as power 81 legislation 144–145 Mars 218 Labeo, Antistius 71, 76 on Ara Pacis 224–225 Latin language 73–75 Temple 235, 237, 250, 261, 286, 347 Lares, shrines 29, 31 , 77, 246 Marsyas 293 largesses 23, 25, 26, 40 Mauretania 97 law 69–71 Mausoleum of Augustus 14, 21, 245, leadership, deﬁned 6 247, 255, 258, 261 lectio senatus 23 Mediterranean (under Augustus) 5–6, legislation, on morals 28 109–110

404

Index

Messalla, Valerius 328–332 opportunities (under Augustus) 3, Messalinus 334 260 military science 75–76 oratory 71–73 Millar, F. 178 otium 321–322 Milliarium Aureum 244 Ovid 140, 289, 295, 322, 325–337 mime 166 exile 306 Misenum, Treaty of 19 Fasti 60, 259, 285–288, 289, 318 Mithridates 86–87, 94 Heroides 146 mobility, social 95 Letter to Augustus (Tristia 2) 276 Mommsen, T. 16 love poetry 284 monarchy 15 Medea 166 mos maiorum 67 Metamorphoses 55, 289, 340, 351 multiculturalism 226 municipium 98–99 Palatine 256, 261 Murdia 146 Pallas (in Aeneid ) 296 Pantheon 242 Narcissus 356–357 pantomime 167–172, 356 Naulochus 160, 178 Parthians 362 Naumachia Augusti 254 pater familias 134–135 Nazareth 382 Augustus as 246 Nemausus (Nimes) 98 pater patriae, Augustus as 17, 27, 246, 259, Nero, Tiberius Claudius 139 261 Nicaea 102 patronage, social 56–57, 95, 100, 101, Nicolaus of Damascus 342 124 Nicomedia 102 of Augustus 113–114 Nicopolis 99 literary 306 Nigidius Figulus 65 Paul (apostle) 382, 384 Niobe 285, 356 Pax Augusta 6, 115 nobility, loss of power 58 Pentecost 93 North, J. 56 Pergamum 102 periodization 8, 108, 281, 306–319 Octavia 19, 130, 131, 140 Perusine War 19, 313 in art 202 Pharisees 381 funeral 141 Philippi 19, 139, 155 , 237 married to Antony 156 , 200 Philo 384 privileges 179 philosophy, Greek 68 Octavian, as Apollo 152 –158 pietas 177, 242 against Antony 18–23, 159 pinacotheca 275–276 attachment to Republic 18–24 Piso, Calpurnius 25, 38 continuity Octavian/Augustus 8 plebs 130 emulates Caesar 18–19 Pliny 330 as Neptune 154 poetry and visual representation 281–303 in poetry 311 poets, non-extant 325; relation to society portrait 208 326–336 and theatrical ceremonies 152 –173 Pollio, Asinius 21, 165, 306, 307, 321, Odysseus 349 322, 328–332 oikumene 341 and Herod 361, 375 Oplontis 277 Polybius 63, 65–66, 67, 115, 341

405

Index

polysemy (multiplicity of meanings) 7, Res Gestae 14, 17, 106, 113, 116, 120, 121, 220, 245, 260, 293 128, 247, 306 Pompeii 266, 273, 274 revolution, cultural 81, 125–127 Pompeius Trogus 342 Rhodes 374 Pompey 4, 119, 120, 137; see also Theater Roma, goddess 223 defeated by Caesar 123 Romanization 81, 86, 109 and Herod 361, 362–364 Romanocentrism 105 portrait 203 Rome, rebuilt by Augustus 3–4, 76–78, pontifex maximus 178; see Augustus, 234–262 Lepidus divided into 14 regions 77–78, 243 pontiﬁces 62, 188–190 Rufus, Caelius 114, 115 Pontius Pilate 378–379, 382 Romulus 131–133, 184–185, 202, 218 porticos 251 in Forum of Augustus 246, 287, 301, Porticus ad Nationes 244, 282 346 Porticus Vipsania 80–81 rural population 111 Posidippus 294 Posidonius 68 Sabines 131–132, 221 potestas 6, 14, 17, 22 sacrosanctity 141, 200 power 3, 4, 56–81 Saintes 114–120 Roman 116–121 Sallust 316 theatricalized 151 Samos 102, 104 Priene 87–88 Scribonia 140, 212 Primaporta 208 Sebasta (festival) 173 statue of Augustus 299 Sebaste ( Judea) 112 princeps 31 –32, 33–34 Second Style (of Pompeian painting) principate 16, 33–36 265–270, 271 propaganda 335 Secular Games 28, 190, 246, 256; see also Propertius 144, 284–285, 290, 311 –312 , Ludi Saeculares 313 –314 , 315 –317 , 321, 325–337 semblance 199–217 prosperity 121–125 Sempronia 139 provinces 80, 106 senate 24, 37 Pylades 168 Seneca 146, 260 Sepphoris 382 Qumran 381 Servilia 136, 139, 143 “settlement” of 23 B.C. 36–39 religion 62–67 Sextus Pompey 15 –21, 140, 152 –154 under Augustus 175–192 defeat of 160 policies of Augustus 178–192 Sibylline Books 191, 282, 334 reforms by Augustus 176–177, 192 slaves 91, 122, 198, 228–229 in late Republic 62 marriages 145 in empire 102 slave trade 123 as power 56, 57 Sodales Titii 181–182 women’s role 137–139 Sosigenes 59 Remus 202, 287, 346; see also Romulus Sparta 374 Republic, character of 15 –16 speaking, public 68–69; cf. oratory decline of 4 spectacles 151 –173 espoused by Octavian 238–240, Statilius Taurus 159 248 amphitheater of 257

406

Index

Studius 264, 265, 273–275 triumphs 245 statues, for women 141–142 triumvirate 19–20, 34, 308 Stilo, Aelius 73 Trojans 289, 295–298 Strabo 118–119, 341–344 Tur nus 287, 296, 351 on city of Rome 243, 248 on Campus Martius 258, 260 urban design, of Rome 234–262 succession 38–39 urbanization 111 Suetonius 71–72, 175–176, 337 Sulla 104, 107, 139 Varius, Lucius 166, 315 , 321, 323 Sundial see Horologium Var ro 3, 62, 65–66, 73, 74, 76, 140 Syme, R. 2, 3, 9, 16, 55, 152 –173, 308, quoted by Cicero 237 31 0 , 318 Velleius Paterculus 15 –21, 104, 322, Syria 373 325 Venus Genetrix, Temple 199, 200, 242 Tacitus 15 , 33, 42, 89, 107, 322, 333, 343 Vergil 109, 126, 127, 295–300, 321–322, on otium 323 326 Dialogus 72, 126, 164 as “Augustan” 8 Tarentum, Treaty of 19 correspondence with Augustus 315 Tarpeia 221 Aeneid 120, 288–289, 295, 318 –319 , technology, innovations 111 340, 353; composition of 7; popular temples, restoration of 182 reception of 3, 164 Thapsus 91 Eclogues 306–309, 311 theater, Rome as 260 Georgics 299, 309–311 and poets 323 Verrius Flaccus 60 Theater of Balbus 163, 257 Vespasian 104 of Marcellus 4, 14, 163 Vestal Virgins 137 of Pompey 14, 79, 159 , 237 Vibius, Lucius 228 theaters, function of 79–80 vicomagistri 61 theatricality of architecture 260 Villa under the Farnesina 264, Theophanes 100 271–276 Thinissut 92 virtus 67 Third Style (of Pompeian painting) 272 Vitruvius 249, 259, 261, 264, 274 Tiberius 42, 44, 104, 117, 140, 202 on wall painting 267–268, 271, 277 adopted by Augustus 48 on Ara Pacis 226–227 wall painting 264–278 in Horace’s poetry 225 wealth, of women 136 married to Julia 144, 200 wills 327 on Rhodes 46–47 Wissowa, G. 176 triumphs of 180 women 130–147 Tibullus 311 , 317 , 321, 322, 325–337 education 139 tradition 65–66, 67 and public buildings 142 tragedies 166, 353 tribunician power, of Augustus 26, 36, Zanker, P. 291–292, 300–301 39–42 Zeno, Antonius 101 of Tiberius 48 Zosimus, Aemilius 88

407