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An Inventory of Community-Led and Non-Governmental Organisations and Initiatives in Post-Earthquake Canterbury (To September 2013)

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An Inventory of Community-Led and Non-Governmental Organisations and Initiatives in Post-Earthquake Canterbury (To September 2013) 2013 An Inventory of Community-led and Non- governmental Organisations and Initiatives in Post- earthquake Canterbury Sally Carlton and Suzanne Vallance An Inventory of Community-led and Non-governmental Organisations and Initiatives in Post-earthquake Canterbury (to September 2013) Dr Suzanne Vallance [email protected] Faculty of Environment, Society and Design P O Box 84 Lincoln University 85084 Christchurch, New Zealand Or Dr Sally Carlton [email protected] Acknowledgements: This research was undertaken with funding support from the Natural Hazards Platform and GNS, New Zealand 1 Introduction The impact of the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2010-12 and its aftermath has been enormous. This inventory lists some of the thousands of community-led groups and initiatives across the region that have developed or evolved as a result of the quake. This inventory is the third such inventory to have been produced. The Christchurch Earthquake Activity Inventory was released by Landcare Research in May 2011, three months after the devastating 22 February 2011 earthquake. The second inventory, entitled An Inventory of Community-led Recovery Initiatives in Canterbury, was collated by Bailey Peryman and Dr Suzanne Vallance (Lincoln University) approximately one year after the February earthquake. The research for this third inventory was undertaken over a four month period from June to September 2013, and was conducted primarily through online searches. Time restrictions mean that some details in the inventory will undoubtedly be missing or falsely recorded. We sincerely apologise for any misinformation, oversights and omissions. We use the terms ‘civil society’ and ‘community’ somewhat interchangeably, and define these broadly as including faith-based groups, formal and less formal social networks, non- governmental organisations (NGOs) and other groups operating outside the formal governmental or commercial sectors. In several instances, the inventory does include some governmental or professional groups and initiatives where there was strong evidence of collaboration with communities. For each group, the inventory includes basic data such as organisation name, type and scope, as well as information on key figures, activities and publications. Contact information, Facebook pages and/or websites have been provided where publicly available. Keywords relating to organisational concerns and target groups have been provided in order to facilitate searches within the document and to highlight parallels and connections between various organisations and initiatives. The inventories were initially produced in order to record the presence, purpose and diversity of the numerous community-led initiatives; however, seen as a series of three consecutive documents they illustrate, longitudinally, the evolution of recovery from a community, civil society or ‘third sector’ perspective. With over 450 entries, this third inventory is significantly larger than the previous two. Its size can be attributed to very flexible selection criteria that allowed the inclusion of a wide range of initiatives, such as Facebook pages illustrating the importance of the internet and on-line media. This inventory did not exclude groups, networks, programmes and projects established pre-earthquake that have subsequently added disaster response or recovery elements. Of the 454 community-led groups and initiatives incorporated into this inventory, 82 were classified as inactive as of September 2013, with the activity status of a further 24 organisations or initiatives unknown. Many of those listed as inactive had been established to help meet a particular post-earthquake need such as food provision, accommodation relief or information dissemination, and having these needs met brought such groups to the end of 2 their natural lives. Other initiatives - events, protests, publications - were intended to be one- off (n=20). The inventory shows a proliferation of ‘geography-based’ community groups; of the 87 groups, only 25 appear to have been active before the quakes. Many of these communities comprised ‘affected residents’ representing areas badly damaged by liquefaction, lateral spread and surface rupture. The ‘dark side’ of recovery is also evident here in that the Red Zoning decisions have led to the dispersal of some geography-based groups representing affected neighbourhoods (with 15 now inactive). The third inventory reflects the previous two in illustrating a high rate of attrition in on-line, internet-based ‘communities’. An intriguing aspect of the third inventory is the abundance of ‘theme-based’ communities currently undertaking recovery work, with this this category growing from 34 (inventory 2) to 280. Of these, 172 were established pre-quake and only a few had any ostensible disaster- related purpose. From this we gather most of these grops have woven earthquake recovery issues and functions into their core business. This highlights the value of cultivating and supporting an active civil society before a disaster, because its diverse membership appears able to undertake a very broad range of recovery activities over a sustained period of time. There are suggestions, however, that many of these groups are under pressure and at risk of buring out. Inventory 1 Inventory 2 Inventory 3 Number of entries 92 106 454 One off events 16 10 39 On-line blogs/info 33 13 (+9 inactive) 30 (+16 inactive) Geography-based 7 14 87 comprising: 25 est. pre-quake 47 est. post-quake 15 inactive by 2013 Thematic/issue based 10 34 280 comprising: 172 est. pre-quake 60 est. post-quake 8 inactive Other 26 26 40 Archive/memorial 9 Earthquake service 13 (+4 inactive) Table 1. A summary of the three inventories Canterbury’s post-earthquake community sector is diverse The community-led initiatives included in the inventory are diverse, ranging from single issue, short-term projects (e.g. the provision of water immediately following the quakes) to networks that are aligned with, affiliated to, or supportive of others, and that have strategic, long-term objectives. These objectives and concerns included everything from community services and support, to advocacy, information dissemination and education across social, economic, legal, environmental and cultural spheres. 3 Resilience - bouncing forward Resilience has been described conventionally as ‘bouncing back’; however, the term has more recently been associated with the notions of coping with ‘new normals’ or ‘bouncing forward’ to embrace the opportunities that often accompany significant changes. The inventories document local community groups’ resilience across all definitions, by providing necessary services, fighting to preserve heritage, or advocating for a safer or more sustainable urban future. The virtual world of recovery The importance which many NGOs and CSOs in this inventory place on creating and maintaining a Facebook presence is striking. Facebook and websites may raise an organisation’s profile, be used to gather and share information. Facebook pages are especially popular and it is likely that this preference (over websites) stems from the resource limitations of certain organisations. A large number of organisations and initiatives in this inventory (n=37, 8.2%) exist solely in cyberspace. Facebook pages have a broad audience, are quick, free and very easy to set up and, for people operating under pressure and time constraints, they offer a viable alternative to more complex or more costly media. Social media played a large role in the post-earthquake clean-up in Christchurch, demonstrated most powerfully by the rapid mobilisation of thousands of people in the Student Volunteer Army. The evolution of Canterbury’s post-earthquake community sector Many inventory organisations and initiatives (especially ‘Facebook groups’, n=16) were established to help meet a particular post-earthquake need such as food provision, accommodation relief or information dissemination, and having these needs met has brought such groups to the end of their natural lives. Other initiatives - events, protests, publications - were intended to be one-off (n=20); others represent a sad stage of ‘recovery’ involving the demolition of a neighbourhood and the relocation of its residents (n=15). Of the 453 groups listed in the inventory, 80 (18%) have been classified as inactive as of September 2013, with the activity status of a further 24 organisations or initiatives unknown. The inventory shows that longevity depends on staying relevant and adapting to changing needs and opportunities. A key point to take from this latest inventory is that many pre-quake NGOs and CSOs have layered recovery functions onto their core business, often with little in the way of extra resourcing. The importance of volunteerism to Canterbury’s post-earthquake community sector By categorising only four groups as ‘volunteer,’ this inventory inaccurately portrays the community sector. This low number stems from the decision to include in this category only groups whose name included the word ‘volunteer.’ Despite the low number of organisations officially categorised as ‘volunteer’ in this inventory, it is possible to demonstrate the extent to which volunteerism is prevalent throughout the sector. The Student Volunteer Army (SVA) and Volunteer Army Foundation (VAF) constitute two of the four organisations classified as 4 ‘volunteer’ in this inventory. Yet despite carrying out similar work to the SVA in the immediate aftermath of the big earthquakes,
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