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The Pig Propotamochoerus Palaeochoerus from the Upper Miocene of Grytsiv, Ukraine J

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The Pig Propotamochoerus Palaeochoerus from the Upper Miocene of Grytsiv, Ukraine J Estudios Geol., 55: 283·292 (1999) THE PIG PROPOTAMOCHOERUS PALAEOCHOERUS FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE OF GRYTSIV, UKRAINE J. van der Made *, T. Krakhmalnaya ** y H. Kubiak *** ABSTRACT The suid from Grytsiv (= Gritsev) in Ukraine belongs to the genus Propotamochoe· rus. This genus was not yet known from the Miocene of eastem Europe. The Grytsiv suid is described and its significance is discussed within the palaeobiogeographical and stratigraphical framework of the genus Propotamochoerus. Grytsiv is geographically situated between three areas with different species of the genus: W Europe (P. palaeo· choerus), China (P. hyotherioides) and the Indian Subcontinent (P. hysudricus). In Euro· pe, P. palaeochoerus is replaced at the MN 9·10 boundary or early in MN 10 by a diffe· rent species of Propotamochoerus with affinities with P. hyotherioides or P. hysudricus. The fossils from Grytsiv extend the known range of P. palaeochoerus eastward into Ukraine. Key words: Propotamochoerus, Suidae, Mammalia, Vallesian, Miocene, Ukraine. RESUMEN El suido de Grytsiv (= Gritsev) en Ucrania pertenece al género Propotamochoerus. Este género todavía no se conocía en el Mioceno de Europa oriental. Se describe el suido de Grytsiv y se discute su significado dentro del marco paleobiogeográfico y estratigráfi· co del género Propotamochoerus. Grytsiv está situado entre tres áreas con diferentes especies del género: Europa occidental (P. palaeochoerus), China (P. hyotherioides), y el Subcontinente Indio (P. hysudricus). En Europa, P. palaeochoerus fue substituido en la transición MN9·1O o a MNlO por una especie distinta de Propotamochoerus con afi· nidades con P. hyotherioides o P. hysudricus. Los fósiles de Grytsiv extienden su distri· bución geográfica conocida de P. palaeochoerus por el este hasta Ucrania. Palabras clave: Propotamochoerus, Suidae, Mammalia, Vallesian, Miocene, Ukraine. Introduction vertebrate bones. These vertebrates include small and large mammals, abundant amphibians and rep­ Though the loeality beeame first known in the tiles, as well as searee fishes and birds. The fo11o­ English literature as Gritsev (transeription from the wing mammals have been identified: Chiroptera russian), the name Grytsiv (from the ukrainian) will indet., Schizogalerix sp., Lanthanotherium sp., be used here. It is situated in the Shepetovsky dis­ Amphechinus sp., Domninoides sp., Proscapanus triet of the Khmelnitsky Region in Ukraine. The sp., Urotrichini spp. 1 & 2, Plesiodymilus sp., Dino­ fossils were diseovered in the eastern wa11 of an sorex grycivensis, Anourosoricodon sp., ?Asoricu­ abandoned quarry, near the village of Grytsiv in fis­ lus sp., Amphilagus sarmaticus, Miopetaurista sp., sure fillings in an 8 to 12 metres thiek limestone Blackia sp., Forsythia sp., Sciurotamias sp., Mono­ formed by a Middle Sarmatian reef. The fillings saulax sp., Palaeomys sp., Steneofiber (?) sp., Lep­ eonstist of elays and eontain mo11use shells and todontomys sp., Keramidomys sp., Glis vallesiensis, * Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, España. ** Palaeontological Museum. National Museum of Natural History. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky street. 252601. Kiev 30, Ukraine. *** Instytut Systematyki i Ewolucji Zwierat Polskiej Akademii Nauk, u!. Slawkowska 17.31016 Kraków, Poland. 284 J. VAN DER MADE, T. KRAKHMALNAYA, H. KUBIAK Muscardinus topachevskii, Myoglis ucranicus, 20 * Paraglirulus cf. werenfelsi, Miodyromys gryciven­ 18 Cm sis, Anomalomys sp., Lophocricetus sp., Cricetulo­ * 16 don complicidens, Sarmatomys podolicus, Allohye­ * na sarmatica, Eomellivora wimani piveteaui, Ictit­ .5 14 x * herium spelaeum, Mustelidae indet., Gomphothe­ 12 rium sp., Rhinocerotidae indet., Chalicotherium sp., ... Hipparion primigenium, Hipparion sp., Dorcathe­ 10 rium sp., Lagomericinae sp., Dystychoceras sp., 8 8 10 12 14 16 18 Euprox sp., Procervulus sp., Cervulinae sp. (Korot­ Po kevich, 1998; Korotkevich et al., 1985; Nesin & Fig. l.-Bivariate plot of the male lower canine. Legend and Kowalski, 1997; Rzebic-Kowalska & Topachevsky, provenance of data as in Figure 2. 1997; Semenov, 1989, 1994; Wolsan & Semenov, 1996). The presence of Hipparion and the absence of murids, suggests an MN9 age. IPUW Institut für Paliiontologie der Universitiit, Wien. Apart from sorne short descriptions of the Hippa­ IVAU Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen, Utrecht. rion (Krakhmalnaya, 1994, 1996a, 1996b), none of IVPP Institute for Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleo­ the large mammals from Grytsiv have been descri­ anthopology, Academia Sinica, Beijing. MAMA Museu Arqueologic Municipal "Camil Visedo bed. Korotkevich (1988) identified sorne suid Moltó», Alcoy. remains from Grytsiv as ?Hyotherium sp. Besides, MGL Museum Guimet, Lyon. Microstonyx has been described from the Miocene MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. MNHNP Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. and Propotamochoerus from the Pliocene of Ukrai­ NMB Naturhistorisches Museum, Base!. ne (Korotkevich, 1967, 1970, 1976, 1988; Krakh­ NMM Naturhistorisches Museum, Mainz. malnaya, 1989). The suid material from Grytsiv has NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien. MPV Museo Paleontológico de Valencia. increased and it is the aim of this paper to describe PIMUZ PaH¡ontologisches Institut und Museum der Uni­ it, assign it to a taxon and discuss its palaeogeo­ versitiit, Zürich. graphical significance. SLJG Steiermiirkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz. Measurements and terminology Systematics All measurements in mm and taken as indicated by Van der Made (1996). Order Artiodactyla Owen, 1841 Nomenc1ature of the tooth morphology from Van der Made (1996). Superfamily Suoidea Gray, 1821 DAP Anteroposterior diametre of a tooth or bone. Family Suidae Gray, 1821 DAPd DAP at the distal end of abone. Subfamily Suinae Gray, 1821 DAPp DAP of the proximal end of abone. Genus Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925 DLL Labio-lingual diametre of an incisor. DMD Mesio-distal diametre of an incisor. Species Propotamochoerus palaeochoerus DT Transverse diametre. (Kaup, 1833) DTa DT of the anterior lobe of a tooth. DTp DT of the posterior lobe of a tooth or proximal end of abone. DTpp DT of the third lobe of a M3. Selected synonymy DTd DT of the distal end of abone. DTdf DT of the articular facet at the distal end of abone. L Length of abone. 1833 Sus palaeochoerus Kaup - Kaup: 11-13, pI. 1, figs. 1-3. 1926 Sus (Hyotherium) palaeochoerus - Pilgrim: Collections and their abbreviations 11, pI. 1. 1971 Korynochoerus palaeochoerus (Kaup) The fossils are housed in the Department of Vertebrate Pala­ 1833 - Schmidt-Kittler: 129-168. eozoology and Paleontological Museum of the National 1992 P. [ropotamochoerus] palaeochoerus - Van Museum of Natural History, Kiev (NMNHK) and were compa­ red with fossils that are kept in the following institutions. der Made, Montoya & Alcalá: 402, 406, BSPHGM Bayerische Staatssammlung für PaH¡ontologie 411. und historische Geologie, München. Type locality: Eppelsheim. GSP Geological Survey of Pakistan, Islamabad. HLD Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt. Age of type locality: Early Late Miocene, Valle­ 1M Indian Museum, Calcutta. sian, MN9. IPS Instituto de Paleontología, Sabadell. Material: All material is indicated in tables 1-3. THE PIG PROPOTAMOCHOERUS PALAEOCHOERUS 285 38 ... Grytsiv 18 20 M x 4 ... 36 3 p 18 MI '1- \ P. palaeochoerus 16 ..t:x o"~o * x*~' +++ Q. + MNll·13 !i 14 !i 16 +"'" .t: 34 1 i",:*x o o ,. « pX' Xtt' X P. hysudricus 0 32 ,~o'\f:o ' 12 x~:X 14 '!ft~ * P. hyolherioides X 10 12 30 -¡. 10 12 14 16 18 20 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 28 DT DTa 12 14 16 18 20 22 DTa 30 38 2 3 28 22 28 M 36 M * M P ~ 26 2 20 4 26 34 * * * .; -: + Q. 24 Q. 18 - 24 * 32 '+ « « *~~* ,,~";, *+ 0 Jj~ 0 22 16 ~o !i 22 ° 0 .+ !i 30 ~: ~ .. o O O )4" + ~ :,o.¡., x~o+ X + + 20 XX 14 ~ 20 Xx.- ' 28 • X.o • x X +""l<. 18 12 18 26 10 12 14 16 18 20 6 8 10 12 14 16 DTp DTp 16 24 24 22 14 22 14 16 18 20 22 24 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 P 22 MI 20 3 DTa DTa Fig. 3.-Bivariate plots of the upper cheek teeth. Legend and Q. 20 01 Q. 18 x. ,+, « 01 •t< « provenance of data as in Figure 2. 0 18 .,:1".: 0 16 9-:: X *t,W )t:, * 16 + * 14 + 20,------, 24,-------, 20,------, 14 12+---,-....~.----,---1 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 14 18 22 18 DTp DTp * 20 16 i¡. • Fig. 2.-Bivariate plots of the lower cheek teeth. Propotamo­ O ...." §l18 :::;; 14 + choerus palaeochoerus from Grytsiv (NMNHK), P. palaeocho­ + o o + erus from various localities in Europe (BSPHGM, HLD, IPS, ... IPUW, MGL, MNHNP, NMM, NMW, SLJG), Propotamocho­ 12 16 12 erus sp. of MN 11-13 from Europe (MNCN, MPV, NMB, 10 14 10 NMW), P. hysudricus from various localities in Pakistan (GSP, 1M, IVAU), P. hyotherioides from Lufeng (IVPP; Van der 8+-,.....,..~,......,.-I 12+T'"'""l~""""""'¡ 8+.........~..,.....,--1 Made & Han, 1994). 6 8 10 12 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 DLL DLL DLL Fig. 4.-Bivariate plots of the upper incisors. Legend and pro­ venance of data as in Figure 2. Description and comparison The 11 (PI. 1, fig. 7) and 12 (PI. 1, fig. 8) have crowns of an to be narrow. P. palaeochoerus (dots in fig. 1) and the intermediate height. In Hyotheriinae and Cainochoerinae, the MN 11-13 Propotamochoerus (square) tend to have both crowns are lower, in many Tetraconodontinae and Suinae, the sides equally wide or even the posterior side wider, whereas crowns are of similar height, but in part of the Suinae, inclu­ P. hysudricus (triangle) and P. hyotheriodes (stars) tend to ding Sus the crowns are higher. In the incisors with higher have wider labial sides «<scrofic canines»). All three sides of crowns the lower limits of the crown are not so clear; the ena­ the section of the canine are convexo This is a very typical mel becomes thinner gradually, whereas in the Grytsiv incisors, morphology that occurs in P. palaeochoerus. while other the crowns have well marked limits. The labio-lingual diametre suids tend to have the labial surface flat or with ridges.
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