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Global Information Society Watch 2010 GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY WATCH 2010 investigates the impact that information and communications technologies (ICTs) have on the environment GLOBAL INFORMATION 2010 – both good and bad. 2010 Written from a civil society perspective, GISWatch 2010 covers some 50 SOCIETY WATCH 2010 countries and six regions, with the key issues of ICTs and environmental WATCH sustainability, including climate change response and electronic waste (e‑waste), WATCH Focus on ICTs and environmental sustainability explored in seven expert thematic reports. It also contains an institutional ETY overview and a consideration of green indicators, as well as a mapping section ETY I I offering a comparative analysis of “green” media spheres on the web. SOC SOC While supporting the positive role that technology can play in sustaining ON the environment, many of these reports challenge the perception that ICTs ON I will automatically be a panacea for critical issues such as climate change I – and argue that for technology to really benefit everyone, consumption and production patterns have to change. In order to build a sustainable future, it cannot be “business as usual”. GISWatch 2010 is a rallying cry to electronics producers and consumers, policy makers and development organisations to pay urgent attention to the sustainability of the environment. It spells out the impact that the production, consumption and disposal of computers, mobile phones and other technology are having on the earth’s natural resources, on political conflict and social rights, GLOBAL INFORMAT GLOBAL INFORMAT and the massive global carbon footprint produced. GISWatch 2010 is the fourth in a series of yearly reports critically covering the state of the information society from the perspectives of civil society organisations across the world. GISWatch is a joint initiative of the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) and the Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries (Hivos). GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY WATCH 2010 Report www.GISWatch.org ASSOCIATION FOR PROGRESSIVE COMMUNICATIONS (APC) AND HUMANIST INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (Hivos) Tapa GISW2010.indd 1 10/11/10 10:31 PM Global Information Society Watch 2010 Global Information Society Watch 2010 Steering committee Marjan Besuijen (Hivos) Anriette Esterhuysen (APC) Loe Schout (Hivos) Coordinating committee Karen Banks (APC), Monique Doppert (Hivos) and Karen Higgs (APC) Project coordinator Karen Banks Editor Alan Finlay Assistant editor Lori Nordstrom Publication production Karen Higgs Cover illustration Matías Bervejillo Proofreading Stephanie Biscomb, Lori Nordstrom, Álvaro Queiruga Financial partners Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries (Hivos) Swedish International Cooperation Agency (Sida) Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Graphic design monocromo, [email protected] Phone: +598 2 400 1685 APC and Hivos would like to thank the Swedish International Cooperation Agency (Sida) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) for their support for Global Information Society Watch 2010. SDC is contributing to building participation in Latin America and the Caribbean and Sida in Africa. Global Information Society Watch Published by APC and Hivos 2010 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Some rights reserved. ISBN 92-95049-96-9 APC-201011-CIPP-R-EN-PDF-0087 Table of contents Preface ............................................................................. 7 Colombia ............................................................... 111 Introduction ..................................................................... 9 Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC) .................. 114 Congo, Republic of ................................................ 117 THEMATIC REPORTS Costa Rica ............................................................. 120 The carbon footprint of ICTs .......................................... 15 Croatia ................................................................... 123 ICTs, sustainability and the green economy ................... 17 Ecuador ................................................................. 126 ICTs and climate change research: Egypt ..................................................................... 129 The emerging development agenda ............................... 20 Ethiopia ................................................................. 132 Tackling e-waste ............................................................. 23 France ................................................................... 135 Smart technologies ........................................................ 26 India ...................................................................... 138 Green grassroots technologies ...................................... 29 Iran ....................................................................... 142 Building advocacy networks ........................................... 32 Iraq ....................................................................... 145 Jamaica ................................................................. 148 INSTITUTIONAL OVERVIEW Japan .................................................................... 152 Institutional overview ..................................................... 37 Jordan ................................................................... 155 Kazakhstan ............................................................ 158 INDICATORS FOR MEASURING GREEN ICTS Kenya .................................................................... 161 Indicators for measuring green ICTs .............................. 43 Korea, Republic of ................................................. 164 Kyrgyzstan ............................................................ 167 GREEN MAPPING Mexico .................................................................. 170 What kind of space is the “sustainable home”? ............. 49 Morocco ................................................................ 173 Nepal ..................................................................... 176 REGIONAL AND COUNTRY REPORTS Netherlands ........................................................... 179 Introduction Nigeria ................................................................... 182 (Re)claiming the environment ........................................ 59 Occupied Palestinian Territory ............................... 185 Regional reports Pakistan ................................................................ 187 South Asia ............................................................... 61 Peru ...................................................................... 191 East Africa ............................................................... 64 Philippines ............................................................ 195 Middle East and North Africa ................................... 67 Romania ................................................................ 199 Europe ..................................................................... 70 Rwanda ................................................................. 202 North America ......................................................... 73 Saudi Arabia .......................................................... 205 Latin America and the Caribbean ............................. 76 Senegal ................................................................. 208 Country reports South Africa .......................................................... 210 Argentina ................................................................. 79 Spain ..................................................................... 213 Australia .................................................................. 83 Sweden ................................................................. 216 Bangladesh .............................................................. 87 Switzerland ........................................................... 219 Benin ....................................................................... 90 Syria ...................................................................... 222 Bolivia ..................................................................... 92 Uganda .................................................................. 225 Bosnia and Herzegovina .......................................... 95 United Kingdom .................................................... 229 Brazil ....................................................................... 99 Uruguay ................................................................ 233 Bulgaria ................................................................. 101 Uzbekistan ............................................................. 236 Cameroon ............................................................. 105 Venezuela .............................................................. 239 Chile ...................................................................... 108 Zimbabwe ............................................................. 242 Preface Global negotiations in Copenhagen in 2009 did GISWatch 2010 includes seven thematic reports, not make much progress in addressing the critical dealing with the global ICT footprint, emerging challenges posed by climate change. Some people research agendas, sustainability, e‑waste, smart argue that information and communications technologies, green grassroots technologies, technologies
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