Ice & Stone 2020
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Projekt Brána Do Vesmíru
Projekt Brána do vesmíru Hvězdárna Valašské Meziříčí, p. o. Krajská hvezdáreň v Žiline Súčasnosť a budúcnosť výskumu medziplanetárnej hmoty RNDr. Peter Vereš, PhD. University of Hawaii / Univerzita Komenského Ako sa objavila MPH ● Pôvodne iba nehybná hviezdna sféra ● Mesiac a Slnko ● Bludné planéty viditeľné voľným okom Starovek => novovek Piazzi ● 1.1.1801 ● Objekt pozorovaný 41 dní ● Stratený...predpoklad, medzi Marsom a Jupiterom ● Laplace – nemožné nájsť ● Gauss (24) vynašiel metódu, vypočítal, Ceres bol nájdený... Halley ● Kométy, odjakživa považované za poslov zlých správ, vysvetlené ako atmosferické javy ● ● ● ● Názov Kometes (dlhovlasá) ● 1577 Brahe = paralaxa, ďalej ako Mesiac ● Edmond Halley si všimol periodicitu kométy 1531, 1607, 1682 = návrat v 1758 Meteory ● Zaznamenané v -1809, - 687 (Lyridy) ● Ernst Chladni 1794 Kniha o pôvode Pallasovho železa ● 1798 Brandes, Benzenberg, paralaxa 400 meteorov, 22 spoločných ● 1803 dážď / Paríž, priznanie kozmického pôvodu ● 1833 USA dážď 20/s, LEO ● 1845/46 rozpad kométy Biela, dažde Andromedíd (72, 85, 93, 99) ● 1861 = Kirkwood, súvis rojov s kométami ● 1866 Schiaparelli: Swift-Tuttle (Perzeidy), Tempel (Leonidy) ● 1899 Adams vypočítal, že Jupiter narušil dráhu kométy, dážď nebol 1833, rytina, Leonidy 1998, foto, Leonidy, AGO Modra MPH a Slnečná sústava ● Slnko ● planéty (8) ● trpasličie planéty /Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Eris ● MPH = asteroidy, kométy, prach, plyn, .... Vznik a vývoj asteroidov ● -4571mil. rokov – vznik Sl. sús. ● Akrécia hmoty – nehomogenity, planetesimály, „viskózna -
Ice& Stone 2020
Ice & Stone 2020 WEEK 33: AUGUST 9-15 Presented by The Earthrise Institute # 33 Authored by Alan Hale About Ice And Stone 2020 It is my pleasure to welcome all educators, students, topics include: main-belt asteroids, near-Earth asteroids, and anybody else who might be interested, to Ice and “Great Comets,” spacecraft visits (both past and Stone 2020. This is an educational package I have put future), meteorites, and “small bodies” in popular together to cover the so-called “small bodies” of the literature and music. solar system, which in general means asteroids and comets, although this also includes the small moons of Throughout 2020 there will be various comets that are the various planets as well as meteors, meteorites, and visible in our skies and various asteroids passing by Earth interplanetary dust. Although these objects may be -- some of which are already known, some of which “small” compared to the planets of our solar system, will be discovered “in the act” -- and there will also be they are nevertheless of high interest and importance various asteroids of the main asteroid belt that are visible for several reasons, including: as well as “occultations” of stars by various asteroids visible from certain locations on Earth’s surface. Ice a) they are believed to be the “leftovers” from the and Stone 2020 will make note of these occasions and formation of the solar system, so studying them provides appearances as they take place. The “Comet Resource valuable insights into our origins, including Earth and of Center” at the Earthrise web site contains information life on Earth, including ourselves; about the brighter comets that are visible in the sky at any given time and, for those who are interested, I will b) we have learned that this process isn’t over yet, and also occasionally share information about the goings-on that there are still objects out there that can impact in my life as I observe these comets. -
Asteroid Smashup May Have Wiped out the Dinosaurs
Asteroid Smashup May Have Wiped Out the Dinosa... http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=D75F... CURRENT ISSUE ASK THE HIGHLIGHTS: EXPERTS: The Trouble with Floyd Landis Men tested positive Ending Malaria for increased Deaths in Africa testosterone on the day of his spectacular SEARCH stage win at the Tour de France last year, after testing negative on previous days. Can a large dose of the hormone produce such an immediate and profound improvement? Technology Space & Physics Health Mind Nature Biology Archaeology & Paleontology News Video Blog In Focus Ask the Experts Weird Science Podcasts Gallery Recreations Magazine SA Digital Subscribe Store September 18, 2007 Current Magazine Scientific Ame rican Issue Content Scientific American News Past Feature ArticleDigitals September 05, 2007 Free Newsletters enter e-mail Issues Insights Scientific American Order M Ionsnt oPovpautliaorns RMeilnatded Links Latest News Issues D i dT theec Dhinno iDciea-Oliftf iMeaske Room for Mammals? Asteroid Smashup May Hav Seub scribe D e Reperv Imiepawcts Renew Staking Claims Lone Offender Killed the Dinosaurs Wiped Out the Dinosaurs Give a gift Skeptic Change AVindtei oG Nreawvsit y Submit your videos > Address Sustainable Simulations point to an asteroid collision that sealed the Customer B i rd D flue svprealdoinpgments dinosaurs' fate before their reign was half over Care F l oForumod devastation in East Africa By JR Minkel About Us S m SallA fa rm in the Big Apple MPaleayrssiapnse tcratiniv foer space shot E-mail Print RSS StumbleIt D o gLgey dteterrinrgs-do m o5re0 >, 100 & 150 The rock that blasted a Years Ago 110-mile-wide crater in Mexico's B rNeaekwinsg S Sccaiennce News from Reuters Yucatán Peninsula and probably By the Updated today at 3:18 killed off the dinosaurs 65 million Numbers AM years ago may owe its origin to the N o Wkia osaryksi nITgC starts Qualcomm inKvensotigwatiloendge breakup of an asteroid nearly as big IBM to offer free word processing, as the crater itself. -
Updated on 1 September 2018
20813 Aakashshah 12608 Aesop 17225 Alanschorn 266 Aline 31901 Amitscheer 30788 Angekauffmann 2341 Aoluta 23325 Arroyo 15838 Auclair 24649 Balaklava 26557 Aakritijain 446 Aeternitas 20341 Alanstack 8651 Alineraynal 39678 Ammannito 11911 Angel 19701 Aomori 33179 Arsenewenger 9117 Aude 16116 Balakrishnan 28698 Aakshi 132 Aethra 21330 Alanwhitman 214136 Alinghi 871 Amneris 28822 Angelabarker 3810 Aoraki 29995 Arshavsky 184535 Audouze 3749 Balam 28828 Aalamiharandi 1064 Aethusa 2500 Alascattalo 108140 Alir 2437 Amnestia 129151 Angelaboggs 4094 Aoshima 404 Arsinoe 4238 Audrey 27381 Balasingam 33181 Aalokpatwa 1142 Aetolia 19148 Alaska 14225 Alisahamilton 32062 Amolpunjabi 274137 Angelaglinos 3400 Aotearoa 7212 Artaxerxes 31677 Audreyglende 20821 Balasridhar 677 Aaltje 22993 Aferrari 200069 Alastor 2526 Alisary 1221 Amor 16132 Angelakim 9886 Aoyagi 113951 Artdavidsen 20004 Audrey-Lucienne 26634 Balasubramanian 2676 Aarhus 15467 Aflorsch 702 Alauda 27091 Alisonbick 58214 Amorim 30031 Angelakong 11258 Aoyama 44455 Artdula 14252 Audreymeyer 2242 Balaton 129100 Aaronammons 1187 Afra 5576 Albanese 7517 Alisondoane 8721 AMOS 22064 Angelalewis 18639 Aoyunzhiyuanzhe 1956 Artek 133007 Audreysimmons 9289 Balau 22656 Aaronburrows 1193 Africa 111468 Alba Regia 21558 Alisonliu 2948 Amosov 9428 Angelalouise 90022 Apache Point 11010 Artemieva 75564 Audubon 214081 Balavoine 25677 Aaronenten 6391 Africano 31468 Albastaki 16023 Alisonyee 198 Ampella 25402 Angelanorse 134130 Apaczai 105 Artemis 9908 Aue 114991 Balazs 11451 Aarongolden 3326 Agafonikov 10051 Albee -
NASA's Efforts to Identify and Mitigate Near-Earth Object
National Aeronautics and Space Administration OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL NASA’s Efforts to Identify Near-Earth Objects and Mitigate Hazards OFFICE OF AUDITS IG-14-030 AUDIT REPORT (A-13-016-00) SEPTEMBER 15, 2014 Final report released by: Paul K. Martin Inspector General Acronyms ATLAS Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FY Fiscal Year JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory KaBOOM Ka-Band Objects Observation and Monitoring Project LINEAR Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research LSST Large Synoptic Survey Telescope NEA Near-Earth Asteroid NEO Near-Earth Object NEOCam NEO Camera NPD NASA Policy Directive NPR NASA Procedural Requirements NRC National Research Council NSF National Science Foundation OIG Office of Inspector General OSIRIS-Rex Origins-Spectral Interpretation-Resource Identification-Security- Regolith Explorer Project Pan-STARRS Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 and 2 PHO Potentially Hazardous Object SST Space Surveillance Telescope WISE Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer REPORT NO. IG-14-030 SEPTEMBER 15, 2014 OVERVIEW NASA’S EFFORTS TO IDENTIFY NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS AND MITIGATE HAZARDS The Issue Scientists classify comets and asteroids that pass within 28 million miles of Earth’s orbit as near-Earth objects (NEOs). Asteroids that collide and break into smaller fragments are the source of most NEOs, and the resulting fragments bombard the Earth at the rate of more than 100 tons a day. Although the vast majority of NEOs that enter Earth’s atmosphere disintegrate before reaching the surface, those larger than 100 meters (328 feet) may survive the descent and cause destruction in and around their impact sites. -
The Minor Planet Bulletin, We Feel Safe in Al., 1989)
THE MINOR PLANET BULLETIN OF THE MINOR PLANETS SECTION OF THE BULLETIN ASSOCIATION OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY OBSERVERS VOLUME 43, NUMBER 3, A.D. 2016 JULY-SEPTEMBER 199. PHOTOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS OF ASTEROIDS star, and asteroid were determined by measuring a 5x5 pixel 3829 GUNMA, 6173 JIMWESTPHAL, AND sample centered on the asteroid or star. This corresponds to a 9.75 (41588) 2000 SC46 by 9.75 arcsec box centered upon the object. When possible, the same comparison star and check star were used on consecutive Kenneth Zeigler nights of observation. The coordinates of the asteroid were George West High School obtained from the online Lowell Asteroid Services (2016). To 1013 Houston Street compensate for the effect on the asteroid’s visual magnitude due to George West, TX 78022 USA ever changing distances from the Sun and Earth, Eq. 1 was used to [email protected] vertically align the photometric data points from different nights when constructing the composite lightcurve: Bryce Hanshaw 2 2 2 2 George West High School Δmag = –2.5 log((E2 /E1 ) (r2 /r1 )) (1) George West, TX USA where Δm is the magnitude correction between night 1 and 2, E1 (Received: 2016 April 5 Revised: 2016 April 7) and E2 are the Earth-asteroid distances on nights 1 and 2, and r1 and r2 are the Sun-asteroid distances on nights 1 and 2. CCD photometric observations of three main-belt 3829 Gunma was observed on 2016 March 3-5. Weather asteroids conducted from the George West ISD Mobile conditions on March 3 and 5 were not particularly favorable and so Observatory are described. -
The Minor Planet Bulletin
THE MINOR PLANET BULLETIN OF THE MINOR PLANETS SECTION OF THE BULLETIN ASSOCIATION OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY OBSERVERS VOLUME 34, NUMBER 3, A.D. 2007 JULY-SEPTEMBER 53. CCD PHOTOMETRY OF ASTEROID 22 KALLIOPE Kwee, K.K. and von Woerden, H. (1956). Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth. 12, 327 Can Gungor Department of Astronomy, Ege University Trigo-Rodriguez, J.M. and Caso, A.S. (2003). “CCD Photometry 35100 Bornova Izmir TURKEY of asteroid 22 Kalliope and 125 Liberatrix” Minor Planet Bulletin [email protected] 30, 26-27. (Received: 13 March) CCD photometry of asteroid 22 Kalliope taken at Tubitak National Observatory during November 2006 is reported. A rotational period of 4.149 ± 0.0003 hours and amplitude of 0.386 mag at Johnson B filter, 0.342 mag at Johnson V are determined. The observation of 22 Kalliope was made at Tubitak National Observatory located at an elevation of 2500m. For this study, the 410mm f/10 Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope was used with a SBIG ST-8E CCD electronic imager. Data were collected on 2006 November 27. 305 images were obtained for each Johnson B and V filters. Exposure times were chosen as 30s for filter B and 15s for filter V. All images were calibrated using dark and bias frames Figure 1. Lightcurve of 22 Kalliope for Johnson B filter. X axis is and sky flats. JD-2454067.00. Ordinate is relative magnitude. During this observation, Kalliope was 99.26% illuminated and the phase angle was 9º.87 (Guide 8.0). Times of observation were light-time corrected. -
Gether As the J7:2/M5:9)
Vol 449 | 6 September 2007 | doi:10.1038/nature06070 ARTICLES An asteroid breakup 160 Myr ago as the probable source of the K/T impactor William F. Bottke1, David Vokrouhlicky´1,2 & David Nesvorny´1 The terrestrial and lunar cratering rate is often assumed to have been nearly constant over the past 3 Gyr. Different lines of evidence, however, suggest that the impact flux from kilometre-sized bodies increased by at least a factor of two over the long-term average during the past ,100 Myr. Here we argue that this apparent surge was triggered by the catastrophic disruption of the parent body of the asteroid Baptistina, which we infer was a ,170-km-diameter body (carbonaceous-chondrite-like) that broke up z30 160{20 Myr ago in the inner main asteroid belt. Fragments produced by the collision were slowly delivered by dynamical processes to orbits where they could strike the terrestrial planets. We find that this asteroid shower is the most likely source (.90 per cent probability) of the Chicxulub impactor that produced the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) mass extinction event 65 Myr ago. The nature of the terrestrial and lunar impact flux over the past several current understanding of the active and dormant populations of Gyr has been subject to considerable debate, with key arguments Jupiter-family comets2,11 and nearly isotropic comets11,12 (see also focusing on the dominance of asteroidal versus cometary impactors Supplementary Discussion) suggests that these objects strike the and whether the flux is constant, cyclic, or is punctuated in some Earth and Moon too infrequently to be considered a plausible source manner with random ‘showers’. -
ALPO COMET NEWS for NOVEMBER 2020 a Publication of the Comets Section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers by Carl Hergenrother - 2020-November-1
ALPO COMET NEWS FOR NOVEMBER 2020 A Publication of the Comets Section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers By Carl Hergenrother - 2020-November-1 The monthly ALPO Comet News PDF can be found on the ALPO Comets Section website (http://www.alpo-astronomy.org/cometblog/). A shorter version of this report is posted on a dedicated Cloudy Nights forum (https://www.cloudynights.com/topic/737692-alpo-comet-news- for-november-2020/). All are encouraged to join the discussion over at Cloudy Nights. The ALPO Comet Section welcomes all comet related observations, whether textual descriptions, images, drawings, magnitude estimates, or spectra. You do not have to be a member of ALPO to submit material, though membership is encouraged. To learn more about the ALPO, please visit us @ http://www.alpo-astronomy.org. Three comets are expected to be brighter than 10th magnitude this month, 88P in the evening sky and C/2020 M3 (ATLAS) and C/2020 S3 (Erasmus) in the morning. 88P/Howell should fade from 9th to 10th magnitude this month. Long-period comet C/2020 M3 (ATLAS) will spend most of the month around 7-8th magnitude. Recent discovery, C/2020 S3 (Erasmus) starts the month around 9th magnitude and could be between 6th and 7th magnitude before moving too close to the Sun for most observers towards the latter half of the month. A couple of other comets may be observable that are between 10th and 12th magnitude, including 156P/Russell-LINEAR and C/2020 P1 (NEOWISE). In this issue: C/2020 M3 (ATLAS) - page 2 C/2020 S3 (Erasmus) - page 3 88P/Howell - page 4 C/2020 P1 (NEOWISE) - page 5 156P/Russell-LINEAR - page 5 New Discoveries & Comets in the News - page 6 Recent Magnitude Estimates - page 9 Images Contributed to the ALPO Comet Section from the Previous Month - page 10 1 Bright Comets (magnitude < 10.0) C/2020 M3 (ATLAS) – C/2020 M3 (ATLAS) should be at its best this month. -
Mineralogical Characterization of Baptistina Asteroid Family: Implications for K/T Impactor Source
Mineralogical Characterization of Baptistina Asteroid Family: Implications for K/T Impactor Source Vishnu Reddy1,2 Department of Space Studies, Room 520, Box 9008, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA. Email: [email protected] Jorge M. Carvano Observatório Nacional (COAA), rua Gal. José Cristino 77, São Cristóvão, CEP20921-400 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil. Daniela Lazzaro Observatório Nacional (COAA), rua Gal. José Cristino 77, São Cristóvão, CEP20921-400 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil. Tatiana A. Michtchenko Institute for Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Michael J. Gaffey1 Department of Space Studies, Room 518, Box 9008, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58202, USA. Michael S. Kelley1,3 Department of Geology and Geography, Box 8149, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA. Thais Mothé Diniz1 Observatório do Valongo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Alvaro Alvarez Candal , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile. Nicholas A. Moskovitz1 Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 5241, Broad Branch Road, Washington, DC 20008, USA Edward A. Cloutis Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 2E9 Erin L. Ryan Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, USA 1 1 Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NCC 5-538 -
Appendix a Appendix A
Appendix A Appendix A Amateur and Professional Organizations If a website addresses given here is no longer current, a search on the organiza- tion’s name should lead to its new address. Table A.1. Amateur and professional organisations Name Address American Association of Variable Star Observers http://www.aavso.org/ – Observing manual http://www.aavso.org/observing/programs/ccd/manual/CCD_Manual_2010.pdf Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO) http://alpo-astronomy.org/index.htm – Minor Planets Section http://www.alpo-astronomy.org/minor/ – Magnitude Alert Project http://www.alpo-astronomy.org/minor/MAP_database_1.htm – Minor Planet Bulletin http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/mpb/default.htm The Association of Space Explorers http://www.space-explorers.org/ The Astronomer http://www.theastronomer.org/index.html Astronomical League http://www.astroleague.org/index.html – Asteroid Club http://www.astroleague.org/al/obsclubs/asteroid/astrclub.html – A Guide to Asteroid Observing http://www.astroleague.org/al/obsclubs/asteroid/astrcobs.html – What’s up Doc ? http://www.astronomyclub.org/wud.htm B612 Foundation http://www.b612foundation.org/ British Astronomical Association (BAA) http://britastro.org/baa/ – Asteroids and Remote Planets Section http://britastro.org/asteroids/ European Asteroidal Occultation Network (EAON) http://astrosurf.com/eaon/ French Astronomical Society (Société Astronomique http://astrosurf.com/planetessaf/index_en.htm de France – SAF) – Occultations, Eclipses and Transits http://astrosurf.com/planetessaf/occultations/index_en.htm -
An Asteroid Shower Over the Cretaceous Period
AnAn AsteroidAsteroid ShowerShower OverOver thethe CretaceousCretaceous PeriodPeriod WilliamWilliam BottkeBottke SouthwestSouthwest ResearchResearch InstituteInstitute (with thanks to David Vokrouhlicky and David Nesvorny) MotivationMotivation Question. How do big disruption events in the asteroid belt affect the impact flux on the Earth and Moon? The answer involves understanding these issues: – Nature and timing of breakup events in the asteroid belt. – Asteroid evolution and delivery to the inner Solar System. – Impact record on the Earth and Moon. Is there anything unusual? Sample references: Zappala et al. (1999); Bottke et al. (2002). TheThe RecentRecent ImpactImpact FluxFlux onon thethe EarthEarth andand MoonMoon ImpactImpact RatesRates onon EarthEarth andand MoonMoon Craters on N. American, European Cratons Craters show two distributions. Dcrater > 20 km Sample references: Grieve and Shoemaker (1994); Earth Impact Database; Harnack and Kleppinger (1997) ImpactImpact RatesRates onon EarthEarth andand MoonMoon Craters on N. American, European Cratons Craters show two distributions. Erosion, Bias, or Surge? Possible reasons: – Erosion for craters older than 120 My. – Biases in crater record – Surge in number of big impacts on Earth starting >100 My ago. Dcrater > 20 km Sample references: Grieve and Shoemaker (1994); Earth Impact Database; Harnack and Kleppinger (1997) ImpactImpact RatesRates onon EarthEarth andand MoonMoon Additional terrestrial and lunar data supports factor of 2 change in crater production rate over last 120 My. Time Period Production Rate D > 20 km Location of Crater Data Set (My Ago) Craters (10-15 km-2 yr-1) The Moon, Australia 500-3200 3-4 US Mississippi Lowlands; <120 ~6 N. American, European Cratons <120 ~6 Sample references: Grieve and Shoemaker (1994); McEwen et al.