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QJEG-May2014.indd 1 3/31/14 7:11 PM Production Editor: Helen Floyd-Walker Scientific Editor: E.N. Bromhead, formerly Kingston ([email protected]) University, UK Geological Society, Publishing House, Unit 7, Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Brassmill Lane, Assistant Scientific Editor (engineering geology): Bath BA1 3JN, UK. Books for review should T. Dijkstra, British Geological Survey, UK also be sent to this address. Assistant Scientific Editor (geomaterials): N. Koor, University of Portsmouth, UK Submissions: http://qjegh.allentrack.net Assistant Scientific Editor (hydrogeology): Instructions for authors: D. Gooddy, British Geological Survey, UK http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/qjegh

Editorial Board S. Quinn S.-G. Lee The University of Seoul, Korea J.P. Bloomfield AMEC UK Ltd, UK British Geological Survey, UK J. Smethurst M. Long University College Dublin, Ireland S. Buss University of Southampton, UK ESI Ltd, UK J. Standing B. Misstear Trinity College Dublin, Ireland A. Butler Imperial College London, UK R. Muzikar Imperial College of Science, G. Tuckwell Consultant, Czech Republic Technology & Medicine, UK RSK, UK D. Entwisle K. C. Ng British Geological Survey, UK Associate Editors Office, Hong Kong J. S. Griffiths R. Ahmad P. Paige-Green University of Plymouth, UK University of The West Indies, Jamaica CSIR Built Environment, South Africa N. Harries J. Buma Deltares, The Netherlands L. Seward CL:AIRE, UK D. F. Fenster EPFL, Switzerland N. Howden Bechtel Power Corporation, USA R. Stacey Cranfield University, UK P. Flentje University of Witwatersrand, South Africa D. Hughes University of Wollongong, Australia K. Styles Queen’s University Belfast, UK R. Guthrie Fugro Ltd, Hong Kong C. Jackson MDH Engineering Solutions, Canada A. K. Turner Colorado School of Mines, USA British Geological Survey, UK A. Ireson J. Wasowski M. Matthews University of Saskatchewan, Canada National Research Council, Italy University of Surrey, UK B. Jackson Victoria University of Wellington, A. Williams W. Murphy New Zealand BECA Infrastructure Ltd, New Zealand University of Leeds, UK J. R. Keaton T. Muten AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Tapajos Limited, UK Inc., USA

The Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and professional body, the Geological Society is the chartering Hydrogeology is published by the Geological Society and authority able to award Chartered Geologist (CGeol) status is an established journal with subscriber numbers of over to appropriately qualified Fellows with six years relevant 4000 worldwide. Papers are invited from, and about, all postgraduate experience in the practice of geology. The areas of the world on engineering geology and Society also awards the title of Chartered Scientist (CSi). hydrogeology topics including all relevant aspects of the Candidate Fellowship is available to those not yet qualifying approach of geology to civil engineering, mining practice for Fellowship (students). Fellows of the Geological Society and water resources. This includes but is not limited to: can choose a subscription to the Quarterly Journal of applied geophysics, engineering geomorphology, Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology as a benefit of environmental geology, hydrogeology, groundwater quality, membership. Further information: email: membership@ contaminated land, waste management, land use planning, geolsoc.org.uk; http://www.geolsoc.org.uk; tel: +44 (0) 207 geotechnics, rock mechanics, soil mechanics, geomaterials 434 9944. The Society is a Registered Charity, no. 210161. and geological hazards. The journal includes the prestigious Glossop and Ineson lectures, research papers, case histories, review articles, technical notes, photographic features, discussions, book reviews and periodic reports.

The Geological Society of London was founded in 1807, 9 771470 923007 and is the oldest geological society in the world. It received its Royal Charter in 1825 and is now Britain’s national Typeset and printed in the United Kingdom by Henry Ling society for geology. Both a learned society and a Limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1HD