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Article the Empire Strikes Back: Brexit, the Irish Peace Process, and The
ARTICLE THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK: BREXIT, THE IRISH PEACE PROCESS, AND THE LIMITATIONS OF LAW Kieran McEvoy, Anna Bryson, & Amanda Kramer* I. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................610 II. BREXIT, EMPIRE NOSTALGIA, AND THE PEACE PROCESS .......................................................................615 III. ANGLO-IRISH RELATIONS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION ...........................................................................624 IV. THE EU AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS .......................................................................633 V. BREXIT, POLITICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN NORTHERN IRELAND ....637 VI. BREXIT AND THE “MAINSTREAMING” OF IRISH REUNIFICATION .........................................................643 VII. BREXIT, POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND THE GOVERNANCE OF SECURITY ..................................646 VIII. CONCLUSION: BREXIT AND THE LIMITATIONS OF LAW ...............................................................................657 * The Authors are respectively Professor of Law and Transitional Justice, Senior Lecturer and Lecturer in Law, Queens University Belfast. We would like to acknowledge the comments and advice of a number of colleagues including Colin Harvey, Brian Gormally, Daniel Holder, Rory O’Connell, Gordon Anthony, John Morison, and Chris McCrudden. We would like to thank Alina Utrata, Kevin Hearty, Ashleigh McFeeters, and Órlaith McEvoy for their research assistance. As is detailed below, we would also like to thank the Economic -
The Jim Kemmy Papers P5
The Jim Kemmy Papers P5 University of Limerick Library and Information Services University of Limerick Special Collections The Jim Kemmy Papers Reference Code: IE 2135 P5 Title: The Jim Kemmy Papers Dates of Creation: 1863-1998 (predominantly 1962-1997) Level of Description: Fonds Extent and Medium: 73 boxes (857 folders) CONTEXT Name of Creator: Kemmy, Seamus (Jim) (1936-1997) Biographical History: Seamus Kemmy, better known as Jim Kemmy, was born in Limerick on 14 September, 1936, as the eldest of five children to Elizabeth Pilkington and stonemason Michael Kemmy. He was educated at the Christian Brothers’ primary school in Sexton Street and in 1952 followed his father into the Ancient Guild of Incorporated Brick and Stonelayers’ Trade Union to commence his five-year apprenticeship. When his father died of tuberculosis in 1955, the responsibility of providing for the family fell onto Kemmy’s shoulders. Having qualified as a stonemason in 1957, he emigrated to England in the hope of a better income. The different social conditions and the freedom of thought and expression he encountered there challenged and changed his traditional Catholic values and opened his eyes to the issues of social injustice and inequality, which he was to stand up against for the rest of his life. In 1960, encouraged by the building boom, Kemmy returned to Ireland and found work on construction sites at Shannon. He also became involved in the Brick and Stonelayers’ Trade Union, and was elected Branch Secretary in 1962. A year later, he joined the Labour Party. Kemmy harboured no electoral ambitions during his early years in politics. -
Revisionism: the Provisional Republican Movement
Journal of Politics and Law March, 2008 Revisionism: The Provisional Republican Movement Robert Perry Phd (Queens University Belfast) MA, MSSc 11 Caractacus Cottage View, Watford, UK Tel: +44 01923350994 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article explores the developments within the Provisional Republican Movement (IRA and Sinn Fein), its politicization in the 1980s, and the Sinn Fein strategy of recent years. It discusses the Provisionals’ ending of the use of political violence and the movement’s drift or determined policy towards entering the political mainstream, the acceptance of democratic norms. The sustained focus of my article is consideration of the revision of core Provisional principles. It analyses the reasons for this revisionism and it considers the reaction to and consequences of this revisionism. Keywords: Physical Force Tradition, Armed Stuggle, Republican Movement, Sinn Fein, Abstentionism, Constitutional Nationalism, Consent Principle 1. Introduction The origins of Irish republicanism reside in the United Irishman Rising of 1798 which aimed to create a democratic society which would unite Irishmen of all creeds. The physical force tradition seeks legitimacy by trying to trace its origin to the 1798 Rebellion and the insurrections which followed in 1803, 1848, 1867 and 1916. Sinn Féin (We Ourselves) is strongly republican and has links to the IRA. The original Sinn Féin was formed by Arthur Griffith in 1905 and was an umbrella name for nationalists who sought complete separation from Britain, as opposed to Home Rule. The current Sinn Féin party evolved from a split in the republican movement in Ireland in the early 1970s. Gerry Adams has been party leader since 1983, and led Sinn Féin in mutli-party peace talks which resulted in the signing of the 1998 Belfast Agreement. -
A Report to the Association of the Bar of the City of New York from a Mission of the Committee on International Human Rights1
NORTHERN IRELAND: A REPORT TO THE ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK FROM A MISSION OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS1 By Gerald P. Conroy, Fiona Doherty, Sam Scott Miller, Marny Requa, Barbara Paul Robinson and Sidney H. Stein I. INTRODUCTION A. Background The Committee on International Human Rights of The Association of the Bar of the City of New York (“ABCNY”) has been periodically monitoring adherence to international human rights standards in Northern Ireland for the past 17 years. As part of this work, the Committee sponsored missions to Northern Ireland in 1987 and 1998 to examine issues surrounding the administration of justice.2 We covered the criminal justice system, the use of emergency laws and, in the 1998 mission, the implementation of the Good Friday Agreement. The Committee undertook a third mission in May 2003 to continue our dialogue with practitioners and officials in Northern Ireland regarding ongoing efforts to reform the criminal justice system. The mission examined issues pertaining to the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 (“Justice Act 2002”); the transformation of the public prosecution service; new procedures for judicial appointments; human rights training; compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights; the intimidation of defense 1 The members of the mission, which was chaired by Sam Scott Miller, partner in the law firm of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe, were Judge Sidney H. Stein of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York; Barbara Paul Robinson, partner in the law firm of Debevoise & Plimpton and former president of The Association of the Bar of the City of New York (“ABCNY”); Gerald P. -
Brexit Transition and Northern Ireland: a Reading List
Research and Information Service Briefing Paper Paper 31/20 31 December 2020 NIAR 182-2020 Compiled by Seán McGeown Brexit Transition and Northern Ireland: A Reading List Research and Information Service briefings are compiled for the benefit of MLAs and their support staff. Authors are available to discuss the contents of these papers with Members and their staff but cannot advise members of the general public. We do, however, welcome written evidence that relates to our papers and this should be sent to the Research and Information Service, Northern Ireland Assembly, Room 139, Parliament Buildings, Belfast BT4 3XX or e-mailed to [email protected] Providing research and information services to the Northern Ireland Assembly NIAR 92-17 Briefing Paper Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GOVERNMENTS United Kingdom Government Government of Ireland Northern Ireland Executive Welsh Government Scottish Government 3. LEGISLATURES Westminster Parliament Houses of the Oireachtas/Tithe an Oireachtas Northern Ireland Assembly Senedd Cymru/Welsh Parliament Scottish Parliament 4. EU INSTITUTIONS European Council and Council of the European Union European Commission European Parliament 5. COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS Brexit Institute (Dublin City University) Briefings for Britain (formerly Briefings for Brexit) British Irish Chamber of Commerce Brookings Institution Carnegie Europe Centre for Brexit Policy Centre for Brexit Studies (University of Birmingham) Centre for Cross Border Studies Centre for European Reform Centre on Constitutional Change Committee -
Sectarianism and Social Capital: Community Development In
Sectarianism and Social Capital: Community Development in Northern Ireland Becky Alhadeff SIT Ireland, Spring 2007 Dr. Patricia Lundy University of Ulster 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction………………………………..........................................................................3 II. Methodology……………………………….........................................................................8 III. Theoretical Overview: Social Capital and Community Development.............................13 IV. The Micro Issue: £ I.2 million goes to the UPRG?..………...........................................17 V. The Macro Issue: Is there a Community Development Disparity?………………………25 VI. Conclusion: The Wider Debate………………………………...........................................40 VII. References………………………………..........................................................................44 2 Introduction 3 Sitting on the bus going to Belfast to begin my ISP, I was so nervous that I couldn’t read, I couldn’t sleep, and even my apple and honey was unappealing. I had turned in a project proposal to Aeveen, in fact, over the past week I had turned in several proposals to her, but I was still not satisfied. I knew that I wanted to focus on the economy, preferably the social economy of Belfast; however I had no idea which angle I wanted to pursue. Economic regeneration and social development has always fascinated me. Is economic regeneration and development a worthwhile tactic to pursue in a peace process? Will the reduction of unemployment and a growth in education performance lessen identity and religious tensions? Is dealing first with community development and second with community relations an effective way to go about conflict transformation? When I visited Northern Ireland the first time, the election campaign was on everyone’s minds. As we drove into South Armagh the first thing that really struck me about the election posters were the numerous references to water charges. -
Critical Engagement: Irish Republicanism, Memory Politics
Critical Engagement Critical Engagement Irish republicanism, memory politics and policing Kevin Hearty LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS First published 2017 by Liverpool University Press 4 Cambridge Street Liverpool L69 7ZU Copyright © 2017 Kevin Hearty The right of Kevin Hearty to be identified as the author of this book has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication data A British Library CIP record is available print ISBN 978-1-78694-047-6 epdf ISBN 978-1-78694-828-1 Typeset by Carnegie Book Production, Lancaster Contents Acknowledgements vii List of Figures and Tables x List of Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 Understanding a Fraught Historical Relationship 25 2 Irish Republican Memory as Counter-Memory 55 3 Ideology and Policing 87 4 The Patriot Dead 121 5 Transition, ‘Never Again’ and ‘Moving On’ 149 6 The PSNI and ‘Community Policing’ 183 7 The PSNI and ‘Political Policing’ 217 Conclusion 249 References 263 Index 303 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This book has evolved from my PhD thesis that was undertaken at the Transitional Justice Institute, University of Ulster (TJI). When I moved to the University of Warwick in early 2015 as a post-doc, my plans to develop the book came with me too. It represents the culmination of approximately five years of research, reading and (re)writing, during which I often found the mere thought of re-reading some of my work again nauseating; yet, with the encour- agement of many others, I persevered. -
“A Peace of Sorts”: a Cultural History of the Belfast Agreement, 1998 to 2007 Eamonn Mcnamara
“A Peace of Sorts”: A Cultural History of the Belfast Agreement, 1998 to 2007 Eamonn McNamara A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy, Australian National University, March 2017 Declaration ii Acknowledgements I would first like to thank Professor Nicholas Brown who agreed to supervise me back in October 2014. Your generosity, insight, patience and hard work have made this thesis what it is. I would also like to thank Dr Ben Mercer, your helpful and perceptive insights not only contributed enormously to my thesis, but helped fund my research by hiring and mentoring me as a tutor. Thank you to Emeritus Professor Elizabeth Malcolm whose knowledge and experience thoroughly enhanced this thesis. I could not have asked for a better panel. I would also like to thank the academic and administrative staff of the ANU’s School of History for their encouragement and support, in Monday afternoon tea, seminars throughout my candidature and especially useful feedback during my Thesis Proposal and Pre-Submission Presentations. I would like to thank the McClay Library at Queen’s University Belfast for allowing me access to their collections and the generous staff of the Linen Hall Library, Belfast City Library and Belfast’s Newspaper Library for all their help. Also thanks to my local libraries, the NLA and the ANU’s Chifley and Menzies libraries. A big thank you to Niamh Baker of the BBC Archives in Belfast for allowing me access to the collection. I would also like to acknowledge Bertie Ahern, Seán Neeson and John Lindsay for their insightful interviews and conversations that added a personal dimension to this thesis. -
Conflict Transformation, Cultural Innovation, and Loyalist Identity In
Chapter 5 Conflict Transformation, Cultural Innovation, and Loyalist Identity in Northern Ireland Lee A. Smithey Walking through the streets of loyalist1 working-class East Belfast or the Shankill Road, one encounters political and cultural expressions rang- ing from hastily daubed slogans and acronyms of paramilitary organiza- tions to flags, banners, and elaborate wall murals. The murals celebrate historic victories and crises in loyalist mythology, commemorate fallen comrades and neighbors, and valorize paramilitary organizations and local bands. They have become hallmarks of Northern Ireland’s Trou- bles, and in recent years have become the subject of a growing tourism industry. Scholars have noted the functions murals serve in expressing communal identity and ideology, marking territory, and delivering state- ments beyond the locale in which the murals reside (Jarman 2005; Rols- ton 1991). I will focus on the role murals and other cultural expressions play in expressing and shaping communal identity and communicating beyond the community, and I argue that they constitute mediums through which communities and their leaders can experiment with a community’s symbolic landscape and shift the focus of their collective identity from defensiveness and exclusivity to one that is more inclusive and empowering. Walking through East Belfast, one now comes across murals featuring local historical and cultural topics such as the building of the passenger Copyright © 2012. University of Pennsylvania Press. All rights reserved. Press. University of Pennsylvania Copyright © 2012. liner Titanic and C. S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. The redesign of paramilitary murals and modification of other traditional forms of cultural expression reflect shifts in historical perspective, offer alternative cultural expressions and a means of pursuing collective griev- ances, and generally shift the tone of loyalism, even if only relative to 3441595. -
Protecting Those Who Serve
Protecting Those Who Serve Richard Ekins, Patrick Hennessey and Julie Marionneau Foreword by Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP Introduction by Tom Tugendhat MP Protecting Those Who Serve Richard Ekins, Patrick Hennessey and Julie Marionneau Foreword by Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP Introduction by Tom Tugendhat MP Policy Exchange is the UK’s leading think tank. We are an independent, non-partisan educational charity whose mission is to develop and promote new policy ideas that will deliver better public services, a stronger society and a more dynamic economy. Policy Exchange is committed to an evidence-based approach to policy development and retains copyright and full editorial control over all its written research. We work in partnership with academics and other experts and commission major studies involving thorough empirical research of alternative policy outcomes. We believe that the policy experience of other countries offers important lessons for government in the UK. We also believe that government has much to learn from business and the voluntary sector. Registered charity no: 1096300. Trustees Diana Berry, Pamela Dow, Alexander Downer, Andrew Feldman, Candida Gertler, Patricia Hodgson, Greta Jones, Edward Lee, Charlotte Metcalf, Roger Orf, Andrew Roberts, George Robinson, Robert Rosenkranz, Peter Wall, Nigel Wright. Protecting Those Who Serve About the Authors Richard Ekins is Head of Policy Exchange’s Judicial Power Project. He is an Associate Professor in the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of St John’s College. He is a barrister and solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand (non-practising), where he has also served as a judge’s clerk. -
The Good Friday/Belfast Agreement and the Memory of the Civil Rights Movement
#Agreement20 How to Cite: Campbell, S 2018 ‘We Shall Overcome’? The Good Friday/Belfast Agreement and the Memory of the Civil Rights Movement. Open Library of Humanities, 4(1): 25, pp. 1–25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.259 Published: 24 April 2018 Peer Review: This article has been peer reviewed through the double-blind process of Open Library of Humanities, which is a journal published by the Open Library of Humanities. Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Open Access: Open Library of Humanities is a peer-reviewed open access journal. Digital Preservation: The Open Library of Humanities and all its journals are digitally preserved in the CLOCKSS scholarly archive service. Sarah Campbell ‘‘We Shall Overcome’? The Good Friday/Belfast Agreement and the Memory of the Civil Rights Movement’ (2018) 4(1): 25 Open Library of Humanities, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.259 #AGREEMENT20 ‘We Shall Overcome’? The Good Friday/Belfast Agreement and the Memory of the Civil Rights Movement Sarah Campbell Newcastle University, GB [email protected] While 2018 marks the twentieth anniversary of the signing of the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) in Northern Ireland, it also marks the fiftieth anniversary of the civil rights movement and the protests of 1968. One of the key innovations of the Agreement is that it makes issues of rights central to the broader consociational framework, with the entirety of section 6 devoted to ‘Rights, Safeguards and Equality of opportunity.’ This reinforces a perception that the GFA is a culmination of the civil rights movement and its aims; and that the conflict itself was based on issues of rights. -
Conference Report May 2005
IMPLEMENTING THE AGREEMENT: THE NORTH-SOUTH BODIES FIVE YEARS ON REPORT ON CONFERENCE HELD ON 27 MAY 2005 CON F E R E N CE R E P OR T 2 7 M A Y 2 0 0 5 IMPLEMENTING THE AGREEMENT: THE NORTH-SOUTH BODIES FIVE YEARS ON REPORT ON CONFERENCE HELD AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN 27 MAY 2005 REPORT Institute for British-Irish Studies Institute of Governance Geary Institute for the Social Sciences Centre for International Borders Research University College Dublin Queen’s University Belfast CONTENTS Report ............................................................................................................................ 1 Theme......................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 The work of the North-South bodies ......................................................................... 2 Conclusion................................................................................................................. 5 Annex 1: Conference programme ................................................................................. 6 Annex 2: List of participants......................................................................................... 8 Annex 3: The “Mapping frontiers, plotting pathways” project.................................. 12 Annex 4: The Institute for British-Irish Studies ........................................................