Capability, Suitability & Climate Programme

Volume 2 - Soils of Wales - Series Map

5th March 2020 Report Code: CSCP02

Volume 2 - Soils of Wales - Series Map

Prepared by: Caroline Keay

Date: 05 March 2020

Capability, Suitability & Climate Programme

Volume 2-Soils of Wales - Series Map

Contents 1 INTRODUCTION...... 3 2 Detailed Maps ...... 3 2.1 Three Counties Map ...... 3 2.2 Pembrokeshire ...... 3 2.3 Other maps considered: ...... 4 2.4 Dead Series and Miscellaneous Soils ...... 6 3 Creating the Unified Soils of Wales Map ...... 6 4 Soil Series Properties ...... 9 4.1 Derivation of Missing Soil Series Properties ...... 9 4.2 Calculation of Wetness Class ...... 9 Appendix A SCRIPTS ...... 12 A.1 ArcGIS code and VB_SCRIPTS required to create Soils of Wales map ...... 12 Appendix B Calculating undrained Wetness Class ...... 14

Figure 1 Coverage of Detailed Soil Maps used in the Soils of wales ...... 5 Figure 2 Organic soils that are well drained >225 FCD ...... 11 Figure 3 Distribution of Rockcliffe series across Field capacity Zones ...... 16 Figure 4Distribution of Tregaron series across Field capacity Zones ...... 17 Figure 5 Distribution of Adventurers' series across Field capacity Zones ...... 18 Figure 6 Distribution of Freni series across Field capacity Zones ...... 19

Table 1 List of Detailed Soil Maps included in the Soils of Wales ...... 4 Table 2 Old Series Correlatives ...... 7 Table 3 Translation of Map codes on Three Counties Map ...... 8 Table 4 Derivation of missing soil series properties for ALC calculation ...... 9 Table 5 Field Capacity Zones for Calculation of Wetness Class ...... 10

1 INTRODUCTION Over the years many-detailed maps were created by the then Soil Survey of England and Wales. Originally at a scale of 1 inch to a mile and later covering 10 x 10km areas at a scale of 1:25,000. These maps were then used where available to underpin the National Soil map at 1:250,000 scale allowing the soil surveyors to concentrate of those areas of the country where no previous mapping had been done.

Recently these detailed maps were scanned and digitised under the LandIS projects for the whole of England and Wales, unfortunately the validation of these digitised maps is still uncompleted. As well as these published maps a few draft maps were discovered in the archive, which were surveyed and created in the 60s and 70s but had never, been published. These included the Three Counties mapping (Glouchestershire, Monmouthshire and Brecknockshire) and a detailed map of Pembrokeshire. Table 1 lists the detailed maps included plus the areas covered at each scale within the final Soils of Wales map (note this is different from the areas given in figure 1 as unsurveyed areas of the maps were replaced by information from larger scale mapping).

2 Detailed Maps The Six maps of North West Wales were all created around the same time, with overlapping areas. However the overlapping regions didn’t always agree. The first task was therefore to create a unified version of these maps, merging them into a single layer choosing the polygons from the latest map where disagreements existed. The polygons crossing boundaries were then checked for consistency of attribution. Some polygons were misclassed and these were fixed (for example the map symbol “LI” when it should have been “Ll” – Llanasa, also there were many polygons on the maps that had no map symbol written on them and were distinguishable only by colour, all of these polygons were manually edited to assign the correct map symbol. A file containing all these modifications is available. 2.1 Three Counties Map A hand drawn map of the three counties: Glamorgan, Monmouth and Brecon was discovered in the archive. This map was digitised by an agency in 2015. A key to the Three Counties map was available, the map was annotated by a numeric code which was translated in the key however the series definitions used were often old. The key also gave a description of the parent material, depth, drainage and texture of the observed series. These details were used to assign relevant modern soil series classes. Table 3 shows the translation from the original map codes to the soil series. The Three Counties mapped was prioritised over the National Soil Map but below the 1:63,360 and 1:25,000 scale mapping where they overlapped. Although the scale was better on the Three Counties map the confidence in the attribution was such that the 1:63,360 scale published mapping was given precedence. 2.2 Pembrokeshire Hand drawn maps of the 10km sheets covering Pembrokeshire were created by Colin Rudeforth and held by Richard Hartnup. Although the annotation of these maps was incomplete it was agreed that the linework gave a more detailed picture of the soil conditions than the National Soil Map. The maps were therefore digitised and included in the Soils of Wales.

There are several areas in marsh, river alluvium and marine alluvium. These have variously been mapped as Cegin (marsh), Guldeford (marsh/marine), Conway (river), Clwyd (river), undifferentiated valley soils or undifferentiated alluvium soils.

In addition to the Pembrokeshire soil map a 1km survey was performed for the Soil Survey Special Survey No. 6. The original field records for these survey points were discovered in the archive. Over the years Soil surveyors had annotated these records with updated soil series attribution. The location and identified soil series from these cards was recorded.

For the Soils of Wales map only those areas in the Pembrokeshire map which had been labelled with soil series information were included. There was a large area of mapping which only included the line work with no

attribution. By using the 1km Pembrokeshire data and the National Map it was possible to assign a series to each of these sites. It was decided that due to the level of uncertainty that these areas would not be included in the Soils of Wales map which would be characterised only from the National Soil Map. 2.3 Other maps considered

1. Unified Peat Layer (UPL): We agreed we could use this layer but more thought is needed in exactly how. Our thoughts were to leave NATMAP peat units as they are but include new peat areas outside of these. This adds detail to Soil Associations, many of which we viewed were types where peat could be expected. There are 2 main issues: (a) the UPL does not attribute peat type like NATMAP, so what should the new peat areas be classified as and properties attributed? (b) if NATMAP peat polygons are refined by separating UPL peat areas from associated series, what do the remaining ‘gaps’ become? 2. Forestry soil surveys: We agreed it was probably possible to reverse engineer a Forestry soil type to Soil Series, using tables 30 and 31 in the National Map memoir for Wales. However this would take considerable effort.

Table 1 List of Detailed Soil Maps included in the Soils of Wales

Area in km (% of area wales) 1:63,000 Scale Mapping 3886 (18%) Maps of North West Wales: 106A - County of Anglesey. Soils and Agriculture (1958) 115 - Pwllheli (1958) 95 - Soils and Land Use of the District around Rhyl and Denbigh (1960) 107 - Soils and Land Use of the District around Rhyl and Denbigh (1960) 94 - Soils and Land Use of the District around Bangor and Beaumaris (1963) 106B - Soils and Land Use of the District around Bangor and Beaumaris (1963)

163/178 - Soils of North Cardiganshire (1970) 262/263 - Soils of the Vale of Glamorgan (1972) 1:25,000 Scale Mapping 1469 (7%) SJ37 - Soils in Cheshire II (1973) SM90 - Soils in Dyfed II (1973) SM91 - Soils in Dyfed II (1973) SN41 - Soils in Dyfed I (1973) SO09 - Soil in Powys I (1974) SN13 - Soils in Dyfed III (1976) SJ35 - Soils in Clwyd I (1977) SJ17 - Soils in Clwyd II (1978) SN62 - Soils in Dyfed IV (1979) SN24 - Soils in Dyfed V (1980) SJ21 - Soils in Powys II (1982) SN72 - Soils in Dyfed VI (1982) SJ24 - Soils in Clwyd III (1985) SN50 - Soils in Dyfed VII (1985) SO07 - Soils in Powys III (1988) SO19 - Soils in Powys IV (1988) Three Counties Map (1936) 4494 (21%) Pembrokeshire Map (late 1970s) 260 (1%)

Figure 1 Coverage of Detailed Soil Maps used in the Soils of wales 5

2.4 Dead Series and Miscellaneous Soils During the National Soil Mapping exercise, 420 soil series were assimilated and reclassified as other soil series (TM 17, Clayden and Hollis, 1984). The detailed map sheets still have many of these old series classification and it was therefore necessary to select which of the modern correlatives was most appropriate. Unfortunately, many series have multiple correlatives with different properties for ALC so selecting the correct correlative was important. See Table 2 for a list of the old series involved and which correlative was chosen. In SM90/91 The Dunsford series was identified, although this was correlated with Denbigh in TM17 the older Pembrokeshire mapping, auger bores and ALC mapping showed that this soil was better correlated to the Neath series. Arvon and Gaerwyn were the only series to change their correlative depending on their location. Both Arvon and Gaerwyn correlated to East Keswick in North West Wales but to Gunnislake in Pembrokeshire and Wick elsewhere. Soils identified as Dune Sands (D.S) were correlated to the Broomhouse series. Soils identified as unsurveyed (9983) and Raw Alluvial Soils (4002) are overwritten by data from less detailed scale mapping and finally by the dominant series from the National Map. Soils identified as alluvium were defined as Conway (They mostly seem to be a mixture of Conway, Clwyd or Rheidol). The valley, peat and marsh soils were set to unclassified so those areas were assigned a soil type from the national map. The RD, Disturbed soils and other non-soils will be assigned a class that comes out as NA in the ALC class.

3 Creating the Unified Soils of Wales Map Steps (see APPENDIX A for details of code)  The National Soil Map was first clipped against the Welsh Boundary with a buffer (WelshBuffer.shp). The attribute SERIESNM, Linked to MAPUNITdominantseries (with definition query where rank =1) and copy SERIES to SERIESNM, Dissolve on SERIESNM to DomSeries_NM  The 1:63k mapping were merged to a single layer (SOILS_OF_WALES_63K) a field SERIES63K was added and filled with the first series in each polygon and the file dissolved on that field only (DomSeries_63K).  The 1:25k mapping were merged to a single layer (SOILS_OF_WALES_25K) a field SERIES25K was added and filled with the first series in each polygon and the file dissolved on that field only (DomSeries_25K).  The Three Counties map was dissolved on the dominant series SERIES3C (DomSeries_3C).  The Pembrokeshire map was dissolved on the dominant series SERIESPEMB (DomSeries_Pemb).  DomSeries_NM, DomSeries_63K, DomSeries_25K, DomSeries_3C and DomSeries_Pemb were unioned together (DomSeries_Union)  Add SERIES column (small integer) and populated using a VB_Script (see 5.1)  Add SOURCE column (text[10]) and populated using a VB_Script (see 5.1)  SERIES_WALES was created by dissolving DomSeries_Union on SERIES and SOURCE)  The final SOILS_OF_WALES shapefile was produced by Joining with WELSH_SERIES_PROPERTIES on SERIES and Extracting the data to Soils_of_Wales feature.  Create 50m raster – SERIES50 & SOURCE50 o Load AlcWales50.tif from original mapping o Use AlcWales50m as extent in Env Settings – Processing Extent o Conversion Tools/To Raster/PolygonToRaster  Point datasets were then created using Extract to points dividing the data into 50km2.  A PYTHON script was used to create SQL scripts to INSERT the data into tables in Oracle.

Table 2 Old Series Correlatives

Old Series Selected Correlative Old Series Selected Correlative

ABER (0) FLINT (514) LLANASA (1114) SALWICK (1804) ABERGELE (3) FLINT (514) LLANNERCH (1115) WHARFE (2220) ARVON (22) EAST KESWICK/WICK/GUNNISLAKE LULSGATE (1125) CRWBIN (256) (406/2225/638) LIXWM (1140) CRWBIN (256) ASHEN (24) BURCOMBE (155) MAELOG (1200) WICK (2225) BODVEL (130) NEWPORT (1310) MARSHFIELD (1207) FFOREST (516) BRAINT (136) CONWAY (236) MISKIN (1226) NERCWYS (1304) BURTON (166) ISLEHAM (805) MORFYDD (1229) GREYLAND (646) BUAN (192) NERCWYS (1304) MADRYN (1258) EAST KESWICK (406) CADARN (200) ADVENTURERS' (4) MERIN (1259) WILCOCKS (2235) CADLAN (201) EAST KESWICK (406) PARCIAU (1502) NEWBIGGIN (1333) CARON (203) CROWDY (262) PENDOYLAN (1507) BRICKFIELD (142) CASTLETON (205) NEWBIGGIN (1333) PENRHYN (1509) EAST KESWICK (406) CEINT (209) NEWBIGGIN (1333) PENTIR (1511) WILCOCKS (2235) CEIRI (210) MORETONHAMPSTEAD (1228) PERIS (1513) MORETONHAMPSTEAD (1228) CHARLTON BANK (215) DENCHWORTH (306) PEMBROKE (1530) EAST KESWICK (406) COLMON (232) WILCOCKS (2235) PIBWR (1531) ROCKLAND (1746) COLYN (234) WICK (2225) PEN-ARTHUR (1545) WINSKILL (2266) COTTAM (239) SALOP (1802) PENPARC (1546) GARTH (626) CYMMER (253) MANOD (1204) RADYR (1701) WICK (2225) CASHFIELD (254) RHEIDOL (1708) RHUDDLAN (1709) NEWCHURCH (1307) COSHESTON (255) NEATH (1303) RUTHIN (1727) RIVINGTON (1713) CARREG (260) ANGLEZARKE (17) RIDGEWAY (1732) NEWTONDALE (1321) DEGANWY (302) WICK (2225) ROSSETT (1739) ARROW (32) DEINIOL (304) NERCWYS (1304) RHYL (1749) NEWCHURCH (1307) DINAS (308) BRICKFIELD (142) RHIW (1751) RHIW (1751) DUNSFORD (324) DENBIGH (305) SIGINGSTONE (1829) HORNTON (770) DYFNAN (327) BRICKFIELD (142) STORMY DOWN (1847) DENBIGH (305) DYFNOG (328) OGLETHORPE (1403) TALOG (1902) BRICKFIELD (142) DEE (333) WISBECH (2258) TREUDDYN (1920) EAST KESWICK (406) EIVION (409) BRICKFIELD (142) TRISANT (1923) BRICKFIELD (142) EDERN (435) BLACKWOOD (124) TRYAL (1925) CEGIN (208) FEDW (501) LEA (1107) TYNINGS (1929) YELD (2302) FROG MOOR (512) HOLLACOMBE (767) TYWOD (1930) NABURN (1300) GAERWEN (601) EAST KESWICK (406) THURSTON (1931) WIGTON MOOR (2232) GESAIL (603) BRICKFIELD (142) TYWI (1946) TAVY (1942) GLANADDA (606) CONWAY (236) TUDWEN (1962) NERCWYS (1304) GOSOL (609) BRICKFIELD (142) TUDWEILOG (1963) BRICKFIELD (142) GOWER (611) MARCHAM (1206) VOELNANT (2101) WITHNELL (2243) GRONANT (617) WICK (2225) WEM (2213) RUFFORD (1726) GWAENYSGOR (621) EAST KESWICK (406) WENTLLOOG (2214) NEWCHURCH (1307) GWENDRAETH (623) TRENT (1935) WENVOE (2215) CRWBIN (256) GWAUN (625) MORETONHAMPSTEAD (1228) WIGMORE (2231) FLADBURY (505) GRAIGWEN (643) BRICKFIELD (142) WIKE (2233) WICK (2225) HESKETH (723) AGNEY (5) YNYS (2303) WILCOCKS (2235) HIRWAUN (730) WILCOCKS (2235) YSTRAD (2304) SUSTEAD (1853) ITHEL (806) PARC (1542) RAW SANDS (4001) BROOMHOUSE (152) LERI (1108) EVERINGHAM (417) RAW ALLUVIAL SOILS (4002) CONWAY (236)

Table 3 Translation of Map codes on Three Counties Map

MAPID NAME ON THREE COUNTIES KEY MODERN SERIES 1 Gower Association (Gower, Lulsgate and Wenvoe) CRWBIN 2 Nordrach Series NORDRACH 3 Ston Easton Series (understood to have been renamed Somerton) STON EASTON 4 Duffryn Association Siginstone Series Duffryn Series DYFFRYN 5 Llanmaes Series STON EASTON 6 Ellerbeck Series ELLERBECK 7 Windley Association Alton Series Windley Series HEAPEY 8 Charlton Bank Series DENCHWORTH 9 Worcester Series WORCESTER 10 Cogan Series HURCOT 11 Undifferentiated Alluvium HURCOT 12 Caerau Series HURCOT 13 Tanyard Series MILFORD 14 Ruthin Association Ruthin Series DENBIGH 15 Eardiston Series EARDISTON 16 Radyr (this "series" is being subdivided into two in the detailed survey) WICK 17 Pendolan Association (Series unnamed) BRICKFIELD 18 Netchwood Series HOLLACOMBE 19 Bromyard Series BROMYARD 20 Talybont Complex (Talybont Scethrog and Brecon Series) GELLIGAER 21 Rhondda Series RHONDDA 22 Stanway Series STANWAY 23 Drosgol Series HIRAETHOG 24 Neath Series NEATH 25 Hill Houses Series GELLIGAER 26 Garth Hill Series GARTH 27 Castleton Series NEWBIGGIN 28 Frognoor Series HOLLACOMBE 29 Disturbed land NEUTRAL RST OPENCAST 30 Wenallt Complex WENALLT 31 Hirwaun Series WILCOCKS 32 Scethrog Series WHITCOTT 33 Beacon Series BEACON 34 Hiraethog Series HIRAETHOG 35 Deep Peat CROWDY 36 Cymmer Series MANOD 37 Ynys Series WILCOCKS 38 Denbigh Series DENBIGH 39 Sannon association SANNAN 40 Caldicot Series NEWCHURCH 41 Vaynor Series WETTON 42 Blown Sand SY Saline 43 Rhossilli Series WENALLT 44 Merthyr Series REVIDGE 45 Hepste Series HEPSTE 46 Wilderhope Series WILDERHOPE 47 Tintern Series ANGLEZARKE 48 Tegla Series ANGLEZARKE 49 Wentlloog Series NEWCHURCH 50 Allerton Series WALLASEA 51 Midelney Series MIDELNEY 52 Evesham Series EVESHAM 53 Llandinam Series (Provisional Name) POWYS 55 Ebbw Series GELLIGAER 56 POWYS 58 slope above small river valley? Old terrace DENBIGH 59 small river valley ?alluvium BARTON 63 HAFREN U URBAN, U, NONE, RAW ALLUVIAL SOILS unsurveyed WATER river RD Rock Dominant, RD, Gravel, Shingle, Rocks Rock Dominant 8

MAPID NAME ON THREE COUNTIES KEY MODERN SERIES SAND SY Saline

4 Soil Series Properties The Welsh_Series_Properties table was expanded to include all the additional series added from the detailed maps. 60 Series were recognised in the new Soils of Wales map that were not included in the original Predictive ALC map calculated only from the National Soil Map. Some of these series had the required property data in LandIS however some were so obscure that no property data was available. In these cases the attributes were selected using data from many available sources: auger bores, published information from the original records or soil pit profiles. 4.1 Derivation of Missing Soil Series Properties Table 4 Derivation of missing soil series properties for ALC calculation

PROPERTY HOW DERIVED SERIES Series number from LANDIS.SERIES_V3 SNAME Series name from LANDIS.SERIES_V3 SUBGROUP Series subgroup from LANDIS.SERIES_V3 DROCK Depth to Rock from LANDIS.SERIES_PROPS TEXTURE Texture modified from the WallOfSoil definition which was calculated from HORIZONfundamentals or Brief Profile Descriptions and validated by John Hollis. ORGANIC TOPSOIL_PEATY from LANDIS.SERIES_PROPS if available otherwise from LANDIS.SERIES_TOPSOIL_TEXTURE.ORGANIC (7 series still had no organic data these were abstracted from the Brief Profile descriptions:MOONS HILL,MAYALLS,NANT,PENSARN,TREGARON,TAVY,TY- GWYN ) APWHT Available Water calculated from HORIZONhydraulics_v2 or from SERIES_PROPS if unavailable APPOT Available Water calculated from HORIZONhydraulics_v2 or from SERIES_PROPS if unavailable ALCSTONES Prioritise stoniness from HORIZONstructure.STONE_PC otherwise stoniness abstracted from Brief Profile description using expert judgement backed up by available data from augers ALCOTHER This data was provided by Welsh Government during the predictive map V1, all new series were unlimited TOPCALC SERIES_PROPS.topsoil_calc if available otherwise abstracted from Brief profile description where topsoil described is at least very slightly calcareous TOPCLAY Identified from TEXTURE where it contains C, CL, SCL, ZCL CALCCLAY Set to Y only if both TOPCALC and TOPCLAY are Y otherwise N 4.2 Calculation of Wetness Class Wetness Class for soil series is derived using a LandIS table (SERIES_FCZONE) which gives the wetness class of soils as it varies across field capacity zones. SERIES_FCZONE was originally created by Soil Surveyors in the 1980s however the exact methodology used to define the Wetness Class is uncertain. Over the years, several methodologies have been defined to calculate wetness from soil properties, including the method defined in the ALC Guide book itself. Unfortunately applying these different methodologies give different results. A full investigation into Wetness Class and how it is calculated is required. The wetness class in SERIES_FCZONE is assumed to be a drained soil, however it was decided that 4 soil series: Rockcliffe, Adventurers’, Freni and Tregaron are never drained in Wales and thus for them an undrained wetness class was required. Appendix B describes how the wetness class for these soils was determined.

In the ALC Guidelines “Table 7” is used to determine the ALC class by wetness for organic-mineral and peaty soils (as indicated by the ORGANIC flag in the WELSH_SERIES_PROPERTIES table). In this table soils with wetness class I to IV in FCD zones >225 days are considered so rare that they are left unclassified. Unfortunately several soils in the SERIES_FCZONE table code out as WC < V and do occur. For ALC_v2 and the climate scenarios it was decided to classify these soils the same as the 176-225 bracket in “Table 7”.

Table 5 Field Capacity Zones for Calculation of Wetness Class

FCZONE Minimum Maximum FC100 0 100 FC125 101 125 FC150 126 150 FC175 151 175 FC200 176 200 FC225 201 225 FC250 226 250 FC275 251 275 FC300 276 300 FC325 301 325 FC365 326 365

Figure 2 Organic soils that are well drained >225 FCD

5 SCRIPTS

A.1 ArcGIS code and VB_SCRIPTS required to create Soils of Wales map

// create DomSeries_UNION Union DomSeries_NM, DomSeries_3C, DomSeries_Pemb, DomSeries_63k, DomSeries_25k (unselect all fields but the target SERIESxxx field in each table) Delete polygons where SERIESNM=0

// Select dominant series from layers in order of priority of the source // 25K > 63K > Three Counties > Pemrokeshire > National Map Add SERIES column (small integer)

Use Field Calculator IF [SERIES25K] > 0 and [SERIES25K] <> 9983 and [SERIES25K] <> 4002 and [SERIES25K] <> 4008 THEN ser = [SERIES25K] ELSEIF [SERIES63K] > 0 and [SERIES63K] <> 9983 and [SERIES63K] <> 4002 and [SERIES63K] <> 4008 THEN ser = [SERIES63K] ELSEIF [SERIES3C] > 0 and [SERIES3C] <> 9983 and [SERIES3C] <> 4002 and [SERIES3C] <> 4008 THEN ser = [SERIES3C] ELSEIF [SERIESPEMB] > 0 and [SERIESPEMB] <> 9983 and [SERIESPEMB] <> 4002 and [SERIESPEMB] <> 4008 THEN ser = [SERIESPEMB] ELSE ser = [SERIESNM] END IF

// Specify the source of the selected SERIES // 25K > 63K > Three Counties > Pemrokeshire > National Map

Add SOURCE column (text[10])

IF [SERIES25K] > 0 and [SERIES25K] <> 9983 and [SERIES25K] <> 4002 and [SERIES25K] <> 4008 THEN source = "25K" ELSEIF [SERIES63K] > 0 and [SERIES63K] <> 9983 and [SERIES63K] <> 4002 and [SERIES63K] <> 4008 THEN source = "63K" ELSEIF [SERIES3C] > 0 and [SERIES3C] <> 9983 and [SERIES3C] <> 4002 and [SERIES3C] <> 4008 THEN source = "3Counties" ELSEIF [SERIESPEMB] > 0 and [SERIESPEMB] <> 9983 and [SERIESPEMB] <> 4002 and [SERIESPEMB] <> 4008 THEN source = "Pembroke" ELSE source = "250K" END IF

//Create SERIES_WALES Dissolve on SERIES and SOURCE Delete polygons where series = 0 12

// Create 50m raster – SERIES50 & SOURCE50

// Run Extract to points in Python to create point datasets for each 50km2

ExtractValuesToPoints("terr50_shnw", "SERIES50", "E:\WG_ALC_2019\Soils_of_Wales\Soils_of_Wales.gdb\WELSHSERIES_SHNW","NONE", "VALUE_ONLY")

// Run the following Python code to create SQL scripts to load SERIES values into oracle (for each 50km2) ## Create SQL Scripts to load series data into 50km2 grid tables import arcpy

c = "E:\WG_ALC_2019\Wales50.csv" cursor = arcpy.SearchCursor(fc) sheets = [] fields = ['POINTID','RASTERVALU'] for row in cursor: sheets.append([row.getValue("SHEET")]) for sheet in sheets: seriesfc="WELSHSERIES_"+sheet[0] txt = r"E:\junk\ALC\New_Series\SERIES50_"+sheet[0]+".sql" lines = [row for row in arcpy.da.SearchCursor(seriesfc,fields)] with open(txt, 'wb') as txtfile: i = 0 for line in lines: if line[1] is not None: if i==1000: txtfile.write("UPDATE ALC.ALC_CLIMATE_50M_"+sheet[0]+" SET SERIES = "+str(line[1])+" WHERE POINTID="+str(line[0])+";\nCOMMIT;\n" ) i=0 else: txtfile.write("UPDATE ALC.ALC_CLIMATE_50M_"+sheet[0]+" SET SERIES = "+str(line[1])+" WHERE POINTID="+str(line[0])+";\n" ) i=i+1 txtfile.write("COMMIT;") // Run scripts SERIES50_xxyy.sql in SQLPLUS logged in as ALC user. 13

Appendix B Calculating undrained Wetness Class What follows is a discussion of the Wetness Class calculation for the soil series Rockcliffe, Adventurer’s, Freni and Tregaron which were considered to be always undrained in Wales. Conway has been included here as it was agreed to use the ALC method for in this series rather than the SERIES_FCZONE. Clifton is also included as WG wanted the WC in the FC200 zone changed to III instead of IV, though this disagrees with both the ALC and JMH method which would result in FC200 remaining as IV plus FC175 actually becoming IV as well.

The following table shows the relevant attributes for these series used in the calculation of Wetness Class.

IAC

DSP

ERIES

DGLEY

DROCK

PMLITH

COARSE

REDDISH

TEXTURE

ORGANIC

ALLUVIAL

PEATYTOP

HYD_ROCK

SERIES_NAME 4 ADVENTURERS' 999 0 N Pty Y 999 14 200 Af N N N 226 CLIFTON 47 25 N SCL N 999 22 62 Ei Y N N 236 CONWAY 999 25 N HCL N 999 15 102 Ea N N Y 520 FRENI 999 20 Y Pty Y 999 25 145 Ei N N N 1748 ROCKCLIFFE 999 25 N SZL N 999 16 95 Eb N N N 1919 TREGARON 999 20 N MZCL Y 999 15 127 Ea N N Y

The original SSLRC methodology calculated Wetness Class was presumably obtained using the methodology described in Hollis 1987 A Methodology for Predicting the Soil Wetness Class from Soil and Site properties. Rather than the table provided in the Bulletins which is based on DSP and DGLEY only.

LANDIS.SERIES_FCZONE

WC_FC100 WC_FC125 WC_FC150 WC_FC175 WC_FC200 WC_FC225 WC_FC250 WC_FC275 WC_FC300 WC_FC325 WC_FC365

SERIES_NAME ADVENTURERS' I I I I I I V V V VI VI CLIFTON III III III III IV IV IV IV IV IV IV CONWAY II III III III IV IV IV IV V V V FRENI I II II II II III V V V V V ROCKCLIFFE I I I I I II II III III III III TREGARON II III III III IV IV IV IV V V V

Results obtained using the ALC methodology with the parameters above which give different results.

ALC Methodology

WC_FC100 WC_FC125 WC_FC150 WC_FC175 WC_FC200 WC_FC225 WC_FC250 WC_FC275 WC_FC300 WC_FC325 WC_FC365

SERIES_NAME ADVENTURERS' I II II III III VI VI VI VI VI VI CLIFTON III III III IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV CONWAY I II II II II III III III III III III FRENI I II II III III VI VI VI VI VI VI ROCKCLIFFE I II II II II III III III III III III TREGARON I I I I I V V V V V V

John Hollis also wrote a methodology for a climate change project see the original Decision tree below.

John Hollis Method (Drained)

WC_FC100 WC_FC125 WC_FC150 WC_FC175 WC_FC200 WC_FC225 WC_FC250 WC_FC275 WC_FC300 WC_FC325 WC_FC365

SERIES_NAME ADVENTURERS' I II II III III IV V V V V V CLIFTON III III III IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV CONWAY II III III IV IV IV IV IV V V V FRENI III III III III III III III III III VI VI ROCKCLIFFE I III III III III IV IV IV IV V V TREGARON II III III IV IV IV IV IV V V V

John Hollis Method (Undrained)

WC_FC100 WC_FC125 WC_FC150 WC_FC175 WC_FC200 WC_FC225 WC_FC250 WC_FC275 WC_FC300 WC_FC325 WC_FC365

SERIES_NAME ADVENTURERS' II II III IV V V V VI VI VI VI CLIFTON III IV IV IV IV IV IV V V VI VI CONWAY III IV IV IV V V V VI VI VI VI FRENI III III III III III III III III III VI VI ROCKCLIFFE III IV IV IV V V V VI VI VI VI TREGARON III IV IV IV V V V VI VI VI VI

Figure 3 Distribution of Rockcliffe series across Field capacity Zones

Legend

151 - 175

176 - 200

201 - 225

226 - 250

251 - 275

276 - 300

301 - 325

326 - 350

351 - 375

Figure 4Distribution of Tregaron series across Field capacity Zones

Figure 5 Distribution of Adventurers' series across Field capacity Zones

Figure 6 Distribution of Freni series across Field capacity Zones