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Evaluating the Use of Tube Settlers and Lamella Plates in Increasing the Efficiency of Sedimentation Tanks

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Evaluating the Use of Tube Settlers and Lamella Plates in Increasing the Efficiency of Sedimentation Tanks See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307869655 Evaluating the Use of Tube Settlers and Lamella Plates in Increasing the Efficiency of Sedimentation Tanks Article · January 2016 DOI: 10.9734/JALSI/2016/28579 CITATIONS READS 0 12 3 authors, including: Hanan A Fouad Ahmed Marei Benha University Benha University 10 PUBLICATIONS 65 CITATIONS 1 PUBLICATION 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Ahmed Marei on 19 January 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International 7(4): 1-8, 2016; Article no.JALSI.28579 ISSN: 2394-1103 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Evaluating the Use of Tube Settlers and Lamella Plates in Increasing the Efficiency of Sedimentation Tanks Hanan A. Fouad 1* , Rehab M. Elhefny 1 and Ahmed I. Marei 1 1Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Egypt. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JALSI/2016/28579 Editor(s): (1) Martin Koller, University of Graz, Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, Austria. Reviewers: (1) Oupa Ntwampe, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. (2) Hai-Yin YU, Anhui Normal University, China. (3) Karri Venkata Sanyasi Seshendra Kumar, Gitam University, India. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/16016 Received 26 th July 2016 th Review Article Accepted 24 August 2016 Published 2nd September 2016 ABSTRACT Aims: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of tube settlers and Lamella plates in increasing the efficiency of sedimentation tanks in removing the turbidity, bacteria, and algae from water in water treatment plants. Study Design: Evaluating the use of tube settlers and Lamella plates in increasing the efficiency of sedimentation tanks. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Civil Engineering and Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, between June 2012 and July 2016. Methodology: Egypt’s governorates are enriched with various water treatment facilities. More than 7 full-scale WTPs of discharges ranged between 1,25x10 5 and 9x10 5 m3/day located in Cairo and Giza in Egypt were assessed. The evaluation has been done through the laboratory analyses that include the average summer and winter turbidity, bacteria and algae and the average removal efficiency have been deduced for seven water treatment technologies to be assessed. Results: A comparison was done during the period of winter and summer 2015. The evaluation was done on the basis of removal efficiency of turbidity, bacteria and algae. The results have _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Fouad et al.; JALSI, 7(4): 1-8, 2016; Article no.JALSI.28579 shown that tube settler clarifiers are more efficient than lamella plate clarifiers and other clarifying systems with higher SLR (surface loading rates). Application of these plates has not caused any interruption of daily operation of treatment plants and could be achieved at minimal cost. Results indicated that the tube settler clarifiers have achieved the highest removal efficiency in terms of turbidity, bacteria and algae. Which were between (84.45%, 89.64%), (98.24%, 99.36%) and (94.31%, 98.86%) respectively. On the other hand, lamella plate clarifiers have achieved turbidity removal efficiency between (69.59%, 74.11%), its bacterial removal efficiency was between (98.28%, 99.11%) and its algae removal efficiency was between (89.48%, 92.94%). Conclusion: The tube settler clarifiers have achieved the highest removal efficiency in terms of turbidity, bacteria and algae. It is better than the other clarifying systems. Keywords: Tube settler clarifiers; lamella plate clarifiers; turbidity and algae. 1. INTRODUCTION be used to improve the flow through existing water treatment plants [5]. Lamella clarifiers are McKean [1] stated that sedimentation is one of supposed to be one of the best possibilities for the most popular systems used in water and pre-treatment ahead of membrane filters [6]. wastewater treatment plants in order to remove the turbidity, bacteria and algae. Lamella plates Michael [7] illustrated that the surface overflow are used in WTP in place of conventional settling rate for lamella plate clarifiers is in between (10– 3 2 tanks. They use inclined plates to provide a large 25) m /m /h. For these overflow rates, the effective settling area for a small footprint. Solid detention time in each lamella clarifier is low, at particles settle on the plates and slides down in around 20 minutes or less. The angle of slope of collection hoppers at the bottom. The sludge is lamella plates should be inclined at a 50-70° drawn off at the bottom of the hoppers and the from the horizontal direction to allow for self- clarified water exits at the top over a weir [1]. cleaning. The projected plate area of the lamella clarifier will be approximately 50% of the space Therefore, where site footprint limitations are of of the conventional clarifier [8]. Sarkar et al. [2] concern a lamella clarifier system is favored. The showed that the inclination angle of 45 degrees small required area provides the opportunity for for parallel systems is optimal [9]. Results of tube the clarifiers to be located and operated inside, settler studies showed that for settling flocculent 0 decreasing some of the general problems of particles optimum inclination was found to be 55 algae growth, clogging due to blowing debris and the optimum settling velocity for flocculent accumulation and odor control, that occur when settling was 2.76 mm/min during which 81 the machinery is outdoors [2]. Lamella clarifiers percent turbidity removal was observed (Turbidity are better than the other clarifying systems due < 3 NTU) [10]. The World Health Organization to the large effective sedimentation area caused has indicated that the best solutions to increase by the use of inclined parallel plates, which the capacity of a water treatment plant from 3600 3 3 enhances the operating conditions of the m /hour to 9000 m /hour and increase the quality clarifiers. The system is smaller and needs only of the treated water is by adding square tube 65-80% of the area of clarifiers of the settlers to the existing conventional clarifiers with conventional systems. The inclined parallel dimensions (5 cm * 5 cm) and water velocity 0.15 plates indicate that the clarifier can be operated m/min. It is an alternative solution for the with overflow rates equal to (2–4) times of the construction of additional clarifiers with low cost conventional clarifiers which allow a higher [11]. Martin et al. [4] noted a design method to influent flow rate [3]. Shevidi et al. [4] offered a add hexagonal tube settlers from plastic in new arrangement of tube settlers in series. A settling clarifiers with an easy way to make it two-stage tube settler is used to remove turbidity easy for the particles to be settled and angle of from water. In their design, the diameter of tubes inclination is 60°. The idea of this design is to of the first stage was wide as the conventional reduce the water velocity to give the solid particle tube settlers; while in the second stage, the the time to be settled inside the tube settlers [12]. diameter of the tubes was narrow to enhance the An evaluation for the efficiency of conventional performance. They showed that the two-stage clariflocculator units with tube settlers within the tube settler was more effective than the single- compact units in Mosul Unified Water Project stage one. Lamella clarifiers can be combined was made. The results indicated that the tube into the treatment process or separated units can settlers are more efficient than conventional 2 Fouad et al.; JALSI, 7(4): 1-8, 2016; Article no.JALSI.28579 clariflocculator units in removing turbidity and is 1.222 m, the length of the plate is 2.770 m, phytoplankton algae at a low turbidity level. the angle of the slope of each plate is 55° Results also showed that the conventional and the spacing between each two plates is clariflocculator units are more efficient than tube 80 mm. settlers at a high turbidity level [13]. This fifth WTP is located in Giza with a 2. METHODOLOGY design capacity of 9x10 5 m3/day and serves about 4,50x10 6 capita. The clarifiers used Egypt’s governorates are enriched with various are Pulsator clarifiers. They consist of two water treatment facilities. More than 7 full-scale stages (A and B). Stage “A” consists of 8 5 WTPs of discharges ranged between 1,25x10 clarifiers. The capacity of each pulsator 5 3 and 9x10 m /day located in Cairo and Giza in clarifier is 40,000 m 3/day and its dimensions Egypt were assessed. The evaluation has been are 28 m length, 24 m width and the water done through the laboratory analyses that depth is 4 m. Stage “B” consists of 12 include the average summer and winter turbidity, clarifiers. The capacity of each pulsator bacteria and algae and the average removal clarifier is 50,000 m 3/day and its dimensions efficiency have been deduced for seven water are 28.5 m length, 24 m width and the water treatment technologies to be assessed. depth is 5 m. All data concerned with the WTP in this research This sixth WTP is located in Cairo with a are listed as: design capacity of 2x10 5 m3/day and serves about 1x10 6 capita.
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