DOCSLIB.ORG

Strategies and Policy of Green Design Implementation in Building Projects of Libya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strategies and Policy of Green Design Implementation in Building Projects of Libya STRATEGIES AND POLICY OF GREEN DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION IN BUILDING PROJECTS OF LIBYA MOHAMED AKREIM December 2018 STRATEGIES AND POLICY OF GREEN DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION IN BUILDING PROJECTS OF LIBYA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITY BY MOHAMED ALMACHI SHABAN AKREIM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE December 2018 iii iv ABSTRACT STRATEGIES AND POLICY OF GREEN DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION IN BUILDING PROJECTS OF LIBYA Mohamed AKREIM Department of Interior Architecture Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Özge SÜZER December 2018 As to the climatic change, global warming and lack of resources, sustainable or the ‘green’ design issue has trended into a major measurement in the construction industry. Sustainable projects take not only environmental, but also economic and social factors into consideration. Although there are many studies in literature that focus on taking into account the surrounding environment during the design stages of buildings to reduce their impacts on the environment, unfortunately, there is a big gap between theory and its applications on ground, especially in Libyan building projects. The literature review revealed that there are no studies that evaluate the performance of building projects in Libya, as well as regarding the performance of design teams and policies to mitigate the impact of buildings on the environment. Therefore, it is essential to analyse the situation in Libya considering its built environment, in order to determine the factors that affect the implementation of green design. The aim of this study is to produce a theoretical framework that focuses on the investigation of motivators and barriers factors that affect the decision-makers and how they affect the implementation of green design in Libyan building projects. The research also aims to determine the role of each of the participants in a project, which are the owner and the design team for the application of green building design in construction projects in Libya. In addition, the study also aims to identify the strategies and policies that are needed to accelerate the green building movement in the Libyan construction sector. The literature review, questionnaire survey and semi- structured interviews were the three main stages of data collection that were employed to achieve the objectives of the study. The data presented in this thesis is mainly v obtained from a comprehensive questionnaire survey developed on the basis of an in- depth literature search. The questionnaire was completed with 74 building experts from Libya who have an interest on this topic or who have involvement in building industry. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 was used in the data analysis for both descriptive and inferential statistics and the results are evaluated in detail. In addition, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected architects and consulting engineers who responded to the final questionnaire survey. The study concludes that the green buildings are unpopular in Libya and are still in their early stages. This is noted by the absence of strategies, policies and regulations that encourage the adoption of green design concept in the building projects of Libya. The findings of this study may help to understand the real needs of developing green buildings in the Libyan construction sector. Finally, recommendations were presented for the government, designers and owners to guide the construction sector towards sustainability. Keywords: Green Design, Motivators, Barriers, Strategies, Policy, Libyan Building Project. vi ÖZ LİBYA’DAKİ YAPI PROJELERİNE YEŞİL TASARIM UYGULAMA STRATEJİLERİ VE POLİTİKASI Mohamed AKREIM İç Mimarlık Bölümü Danışman: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Özge SÜZER Aralık 2018 İklim değişikliği, küresel ısınma ve kaynakların tükenmesi sebebiyle, sürdürülebilir veya ‘yeşil’ tasarım konusu yapım endüstrisinde önemli bir ölçüt haline gelmiştir. Sürdürülebilir projeler yalnızca çevresel değil, ekonomik ve sosyal faktörleri de göz önünde bulundurmaktadırlar. Literatürde, yapıların çevreleri üzerindeki etkilerini azaltmaları için, tasarım sürecinde çevrenin dikkate alınması konusuna odaklanan çokca çalışma bulunmasına rağmen, maalesef özellikle Libya’daki yapı projelerinde, teori ile uygulama arasında büyük bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Yapılan literatür taraması, yapıların çevresel etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik olarak, Libya’daki yapı projelerinin ve tasarım ekiplerinin performanslarını değerlendiren çalışmaların veya politikaların bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Dolayısıyla, yeşil tasarımın uygulanmasını etkileyecek faktörlerin belirlenmesi adına, Libya’daki durumun, yapılı çevresi bağlamında analiz edilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Libya’da yapı projelerinde yeşil tasarımın uygulanması bağlamında, karar mercilerini etkileyen teşvik edici ve engelleyici faktörleri araştırmaktır. Ayrıca bu araştırma, Libya’da yeşil yapıların uygulama projelerinde, yatırımcı ve tasarım ekibinden oluşan katılımcıların rollerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak çalışma, Libya’da yeşil yapılaşma akımına ivme kazandırmak için gereken strateji ve politikaları belirlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışmanın hedeflerine ulaşmak için ortaya konan üç ana veri toplama aşaması; literatür taraması, anket uygulaması ve yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmelerdir. Bu tezde sunulan veriler temel olarak, derinlemesine yapılan literatür araştırmasını baz alarak vii oluşturulan kapsamlı anket çalışmasına dayanmaktadır. Anket, yapı endüstrisine dahil olan ve konu ile ilgilenen 74 yapı uzmanı ile tamamlanmıştır. Betimleyici ve çıkarımsal istatistik veri analizleri için Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) programı 25 versiyonu kullanılmış ve sonuçlar detaylı şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra, ankete katılmış olan seçilmiş 10 mimar ve danışman mühendis ile yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Libya’da yeşil yapıların popüler olmadığı ve halen konu ile ilgili sürecin erken aşamalarında bulunulduğuna kanaat getirmiştir. Bu durum, Libya’da yapı projelerinde yeşil tasarım kavramının benimsenmesini teşvik edecek stratejiler, politikalar ve yönetmeliklerin eksikliği ile kanıtlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bulgularının, Libya’da yapım sektöründe yeşil binaların geliştirilmesi bağlamında, gerçek ihtiyaçları anlamaya yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, yapım endüstrisini sürdürülebilirliğe yönlendirebilmek için; hükümet yetkilileri, tasarımcılar ve yatırımcılar için öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar sözcükler: Yeşil Tasarım, Teşvik Ediciler, Engeller, Stratejiler, Politika, Libya Yapı Projeleri. viii AKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of God, praise be to God, prayer and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. My greatest acknowledgement goes to my academic supervisor, Assist. Prof. Dr. Özge SÜZER, for the tremendous assistance provided in terms of guidance, suggestions and encouragement throughout study processes. I would also like to thank the rest of the members of the Thesis Committee for their advice, recommendation, and guidance. Also, I would like to thank all individuals and organizations for their data that had a positive impact on the completion of the study. Our appreciation extends to all my friends and colleagues who have helped on various occasions. I owe my deepest gratitude to my parents, my family, with special thanks to my lovely wife and my dearly children for their patience and continued support throughout my study. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page STATEMENT OF NON-PLAGIARISM ............... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. v ÖZ………….. .............................................................................................................. vii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ x LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... xv LIST OFABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................. xvii INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Overview ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 Problem statement ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 1.3 Objectives of study ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.4 Justification of the study ----------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.5 Scope of the study ------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 1.6 Structure of Thesis ------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 10 2.1 Sustainability and Green Buildings ---------------------------------------------10 2.1.1 Definition of Green Building ...................................................... 11 2.1.2 Principles of Green Buildings .....................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Crisis in Libya
    APRIL 2011 ISSUE BRIEF # 28 THE CRISIS IN LIBYA Ajish P Joy Introduction Libya, in the throes of a civil war, now represents the ugly facet of the much-hyped Arab Spring. The country, located in North Africa, shares its borders with the two leading Arab-Spring states, Egypt and Tunisia, along with Sudan, Tunisia, Chad, Niger and Algeria. It is also not too far from Europe. Italy lies to its north just across the Mediterranean. With an area of 1.8 million sq km, Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, yet its population is only about 6.4 million, one of the lowest in the continent. Libya has nearly 42 billion barrels of oil in proven reserves, the ninth largest in the world. With a reasonably good per capita income of $14000, Libya also has the highest HDI (Human Development Index) in the African continent. However, Libya’s unemployment rate is high at 30 percent, taking some sheen off its economic credentials. Libya, a Roman colony for several centuries, was conquered by the Arab forces in AD 647 during the Caliphate of Utman bin Affan. Following this, Libya was ruled by the Abbasids and the Shite Fatimids till the Ottoman Empire asserted its control in 1551. Ottoman rule lasted for nearly four centuries ending with the Ottoman defeat in the Italian-Ottoman war. Consequently, Italy assumed control of Libya under the Treaty of 1 Lausanne (1912). The Italians ruled till their defeat in the Second World War. The Libyan constitution was enacted in 1949 and two years later under Mohammed Idris (who declared himself as Libya’s first King), Libya became an independent state.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Authors
    The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) || Volume || 10 || Issue || 5 || Series II || Pages || PP 09-15|| 2021 || ISSN (e): 2319-1813 ISSN (p): 20-24-1805 Experimental Study on Feasibility and Affordability of Street Lights in Benghazi City by Using Photovoltaic System 1 * Naser S. Sanoussi , College of Mechanical Engineering Technology in Benghazi 2 Salah M. El-Badri, College of Mechanical Engineering Technology in Benghazi 3 Gamal G. Hashem, Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benghazi 4 Mussa M. Ali shamata, Higher Institute of Technologies Benghazi Corresponding Author: Naser S. Sanoussi --------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------------------- The world-wide demand for solar electric power or photovoltaic solar energy has grown steadily over the last two decades. Therefore, the need for a reliable and low cost electric power is the primary force driving the worldwide photovoltaic (PV) industry today. Recently, Libyan energy mix consists of local resources, such as natural gas at 38%, heavy fuel oil at 20% and light fuel oil at 42% but there is no contribution from renewable energy sources in the national energy. In this work, an experimental investigation on the possibility of using solar energy as an alternative source for the traditional source of electricity for lighting columns in Benghazi city through solar panels will be introduced. The study has objectives including: firstly, the use of solar panels to meet the requirements of the solar lighting a column as a primary source. Secondly, to calculate the cost of electricity generated by solar energy compared to the cost of electricity produced from general gird. Eventually, to make a financial comparison to show the comparative expenses between the solar lighting column and the maintenance costs of the currently exist columns at the College of Mechanical Engineering Technology in Benghazi-Libya.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Solar and Wind Energy As a Power Generation Source for Solving the Electricity Crisis in Libya
    energies Article Exploring Solar and Wind Energy as a Power Generation Source for Solving the Electricity Crisis in Libya Youssef Kassem 1,2,* , Hüseyin Çamur 1 and Ramzi Aateg Faraj Aateg 1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia (via Mersin 10, Turkey), Cyprus; [email protected] (H.Ç.); [email protected] (R.A.F.A.) 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia (via Mersin 10, Turkey), Cyprus * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +90-(392)-2236464 Received: 3 June 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: 18 July 2020 Abstract: The current study is focused on the economic and financial assessments of solar and wind power potential for nine selected regions in Libya for the first time. As the existing meteorological data, including wind speed and global solar radiation, are extremely limited due to the civil war in the country, it was therefore decided to use the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) database as a source of meteorological information to assess the wind and solar potential. The results showed that the country has huge solar energy potential compared to wind energy potential. Additionally, it is found that Al Kufrah is a suitable region for the future installation of the Photovoltaic (PV) power plant due to high annual solar radiation. Based on the actual wind speed analysis, Benghazi and Dernah are the best regions for large-scale wind farm installation in the future taking into account existing meteorological data limitations. The values of the wind power density in all regions are considerable and small-scale wind turbines can be used to generate electricity based on NASA average monthly wind data for 37 years (1982–2019).
    [Show full text]
  • Future Prospects of the Renewable Energy Sector in Libya
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Nottingham Trent Institutional Repository (IRep) Proceedings of SBE16 Dubai, 17-19 January 2016, Dubai-UAE FUTURE PROSPECTS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR IN LIBYA Ahmed M.A. Mohamed1, Amin Al-Habaibeh 1 and Hafez Abdo2 1 Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment Technologies Research Group (iSBET) School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment School Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK [email protected]; [email protected] 2International and Development Research Group (IDERG) Nottingham Business School [email protected] Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK Abstract This study investigates the options available to the energy sector in Libyan, particularly in relation to the potential of using renewable energy as one of the main sources for the country. Libyan government has set a target for renewable energy resources sharing with current energy sources to reach 30% by the year 2030 which mainly includes wind energy, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Water Heating (SWH). The argument here is not whether this can be completed or not within the stipulated time. But the main objective is achieving a sustainable economic growth through a clean energy system and for the energy supply to maintain meeting the growing energy demand. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the current energy supply and future demands in Libya. This paper integrates data from literature review, field visits and interviews with Libyan energy experts to paint a comprehensive picture in relation to energy demand and consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy Potential and Characteristics in Libya
    An Investigation into the Current Utilisation and Prospective of Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies in Libya Ahmed M.A. Mohamed1, Amin Al-Habaibeh1 and Hafez Abdo2 1Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering Centre 2Nottingham business School Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK Abstract With the increase in energy demand and the international drive to reduce carbon emission from fossil fuel, there has been a drive in many oil-rich countries to diversify their energy portfolio and resources. Libya is currently interested in utilising its renewable energy resources in order to reduce the financial and energy dependency on oil reserves. This paper investigates the current utilisation and the future of renewable energy in Libya. Interviews have been conducted with managers, consultants and decision makers from different government organisations including energy policy makers, energy generation companies and major energy consumers. The results indicate that Libya is rich in renewable energy resources but in urgent need for a more comprehensive energy strategy and detailed implementation including reasonable financial and educational investment in the renewable energy sector. Keywords: Demand, Energy, Libya, Renewable, Resources. 1. Introduction Many oil–rich countries in Middle East, including Libya, are trying to diversify their economy and reduce their dependency on oil as a source of income and energy generation in order to develop more sustainable and knowledge-based economy. Securing alternative resources of energy and income is becoming critically important for these countries if they wish to maintain the same standard of living for future generations and reduce pollution and Carbon emission of fusel fuel. The information currently available in the public domain regarding renewable energy in Libya indicates that Libya is rich in solar and wind energy resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Significance of Utilising Renewable Energy Options Into the Libyan Energy Mix
    Energy Research Journal 4 (1): 15-23, 2013 ISSN: 1949-0151 © 2013 Science Publications doi:10.3844/erjsp.2013.15.23 Published Online 4 (1) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/erj.toc) The Significance of Utilising Renewable Energy Options into the Libyan Energy Mix 1Ahmed M.A. Mohamed, 1Amin Al-Habaibeh, 2Hafez Abdo and 3Mohammad Juma R. Abdunnabi 1Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering Centre, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK 2Nottingham Business School, 3Department of Thermal Energy Conversion, Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS), Libya Received 2013-07-03, Revised 2013-07-22; Accepted 2013-07-24 ABSTRACT This study is to investigate the financial and technological challenges and opportunities facing the utilisation of renewable energy resources in Libya. The work investigates the availability of different renewable energy resources in Libya and the practicality of implementing some of these options. The study aims to study and identify the contribution of renewable energy in the mixture of total energy supply in Libya. It also investigates the essential legislation in the field of energy, which contributes to supporting the expansion of the implementation of renewable energy as an alternative energy and proposing the necessary recommendations for the necessary investment. This study integrates data and information for literature review and secondary data from field visits to Libya to paint a comprehensive picture in relation to energy demand and consumption in Libya. Based on the literature review and secondary data, it is evident, despite the recent political changes in Libya that renewable energy is still strategically of high importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Libya Country Profile
    Libya Country Profile 11/09 /2020 Prepared for SCP/RAC by: Antoine Karam / Samia Grimida/ Mohamed Alaswad www.switchmed.eu 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 2. Policy and regulatory framework ..................................................................................... 4 3. Market conditions ............................................................................................................. 6 4. Socio-cultural context ...................................................................................................... 8 5. SWOT ................................................................................................................................. 9 6. Bibliography .....................................................................................................................13 1. Introduction Libya is a country with an ancient history. It was under foreign rule for centuries until it gained independence in 1951. Located in North Africa, Libya is bordered to the North by the Mediterranean Sea. It shares its eastern border with Egypt, its western border with both Tunisia and Algeria, and its southern border with Niger, Chad and Sudan. While Libya is the third largest country in Africa with a surface area 1,760,000 km2, its population does not exceed 6.8 million1. Libya is diverse in terms of terrain and climate: - In terms of terrain, Libya generally consists of arid steppes in the north and plateaus in
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Electrical Generation in Libya
    SOLAR THERMAL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRICAL GENERATION IN LIBYA YASSER A AMDAWI ALDALI BSc. Mechanical Engineering MSc. Mechanical Engineering A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Edinburgh Napier University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2012 Declaration I hereby declare that the contents of this thesis are original and have been submitted solely to Edinburgh Napier University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Yasser A Amdawi Aldali Signed Dated I Acknowledgements Firstly, Praise and thanks to Allah, who has provided me with the aid and assistance to complete this work. It is my great pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude to my thesis supervisors, Dr. Douglas Henderson and Prof. Tariq Muneer for their valuable guidance, helpful suggestions approach, fruitful academic discussions, kindness and constant encouragement. I take this opportunity to thank Prof. Tariq Muneer for is tremendous support throughout this work. I would like also to thank the technical staff, Ian Cambell, Kevin McCann, Bill Campbell and all the others. Your help throughout my work is deeply appreciated. I would also like to thank my family for their help and support. I am most grateful to my parents for their encouragement and support throughout my years of education. I am extremely thankful to my wife, and my children Alfrgani and Yazan for making this greatest experience of my life. I will treasure the memories for years to come. Last but not least, I would like to give my appreciation to all my office colleagues, Tham, Ahamed, Wahid and Loubana and to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Renewable Energy Sector and Youth Employment in Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia This Paper Was Prepared by Dr
    The original version of the report is in xxxx 2 The Renewable Energy Sector and Youth Employment in Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia This paper was prepared by Dr. Isabel Schäfer, under the supervision of Vincent Castel (Chief Country Economist, ORNA) and took into account comments and recommendations made by Moussa Adama (Principal Power Engineer, MAFO/ ONEC), Thouraya Triki (Chief Country Economist, ORNA), Sahar Taghdisi Rad (Senior Economist, ORNA), Hadia Ghezali (Administrative Assistant, DZFO), Khaled El-Askari (Principal Energy officer, EGFO/ONEC). The paper benefited from the overall guidance of Jacob Kolster (Director, ORNA), and was presented in Tunis and Algiers under the guidance of Boubacar Traore (Resident Representative, DZFO), with the support of Tarik Benbahmed (Economist, DZFO) and Samia Mansour (Economist, ORNA). This document was prepared by the African Development Bank (AfDB). Designations employed in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the institution concerning the legal status of any country, or the limitation of its frontier. While efforts have been made to present reliable information, the AfDB accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of its use. THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR AND YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN ALGERIA, LIBYA, MOROCCO AND TUNISIA African Development Bank Table of Contents 9 1. INTRODUCTION 11 2. CURRENT GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 13 3. RENEWABLE ENERGY POLITICS AND PROJECTS IN THE MAGHREB 13 3.1. Current situation in a comparative perspective 21 3.2. Regional cooperation and initiatives 22 3.3. Obstacles and avenues of further development of the re sector 23 3.4. Euro-mediterranean energy cooperation 27 4.
    [Show full text]
  • For the Award Of
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND DEVELOPING AND FRAMING WATER POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER SECURITY IN AGRICULTURE IN THE JEFARA REGION OF LIBYA A dissertation submitted by: Abdulmagid Mohamed Abdudayem For the award of: Doctor of Philosophy School of Commerce Faculty of Business, Education, Law & Arts University of Southern Queensland Australia 2013 ABSTRACT Water sustainability is a priority issue for Libya. The country has limited water supplies, a problem compounded by the increasing demands of population growth. This research examines the challenges faced by policymakers in formulating effective water resource management strategies in agriculture and the potential impact of these policies upon farmer viability with the purpose of ensuring sustainable water security in agriculture in the Jefara Plain region of Libya. In response to the research problem, the research question was defined as: How can farmers and policymakers engage with each other to understand the key issues to facilitate more sustainable water policy? The research objectives were to examine current Libyan water institutional frameworks and water management policies and investigate the interrelationship and engagement of the major stakeholders. The study was aimed at exploring the potential to improve water use efficiency in agriculture in the Jefara region and provide insights into how water saving and a more efficient water policy framework could improve water sustainability. A qualitative research design with grounded theory methodology was chosen to explore the views of the participants in relation to sustainable water security in agriculture in the Jefara region of Libya. The information gathered from interviews and observations was classified, abstracted and interpreted, and compared to secondary data and the literature to develop a model firmly grounded in the data.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Internal and External Determinants of Electricity Projects in Libya
    The Effect of Internal and External Determinants of Electricity Projects in Libya Abstract Among the global energy challenges are securing a sufficient energy supply to meet growing user demands and the provision of accessible energy services. As established from the reviewed literature, electricity is one of the most essential sources of energy. The importance stems from the role of electric power in fulfilling the main consumption needs for basic energy as one of the inputs to the production process. To date, the focus of research in the field of the demand for electricity has been mainly on developed economies. Adding to the few studies carried out in developing economies, this study examined the issue in the Libyan context. This paper utilised data from semi-structured interviews with twenty senior practitioners within the Libyan electricity sector. From the findings, it was found that electricity demand, political factors, recession, oil prices are among the major determinants of electricity projects in Libya. Keywords: Libya, Internal determinants, External determinants, Libya electric projects, Libya electric sector. 1. Introduction Libya is an important country in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region because it occupies a strategic location that links Southern Europe with West and Eastern Africa (Bhattacharyya and Blake 2009; Daft and Marcic, 2013; World atlas, 2014). Accurate forecast of electricity demand is very important for a country such as Libya because its electricity demands need to be met in real time. In addition, electricity suppliers should not rely on records of stored electricity as safeguards between the fluctuating electricity demand and supply. In reviewing the literature, no detailed studies were found on the effects of internal and external determinants of electricity projects in Libya (Bureau of Energy Data and Studies, 2004; Mason 1 and Kumetat 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • An Introductory Study on the Status, Challenges and Prospects of The
    An Introductory Study on the Status, Challenges and Prospects of the Libyan Economy Part I of a Baseline Study for the Libya Socioeconomic Dialogue Project VISION ESCWA, an innovative catalyst for a stable, just and flourishing Arab region MISSION Committed to the 2030 Agenda, ESCWA’s passionate team produces innovative knowledge, fosters regional consensus and delivers transformational policy advice. Together, we work for a sustainable future for all. E/ESCWA/CL6.GCP/2020/TP.3 An Introductory Study on the Status, Challenges and Prospects of the Libyan Economy Part I of a Baseline Study for the Libya Socioeconomic Dialogue Project © 2020 United Nations All rights reserved worldwide Photocopies and reproductions of excerpts are allowed with proper credits. All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), e-mail: [email protected]. Author: Abdalla Bader Hamed (Al Hasse) The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. They also do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), or of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]