Report for the Academic Year 2015–2016

Home , Alex Eskin, Charles Epstein, Efstratia Kalfagianni, Ian Agol, James Whitman, Mikhail Tikhonov

Institute for Advanced Study Study Advanced for Institute

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY EINSTEIN DRIVE PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540 (609) 734-8000 www.ias.edu

Re port for port 2 0 1 5–2 0 1 6 Report for the Academic Year 2015–2016 Cover: On February 11, 2016, Professor Matias Zaldarriaga spoke at the Institute about the detection of gravitational waves, a key prediction of Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity.

Opposite page: The globe of Albert Einstein, one of the Institute’s first Professors (1933–55), is housed in the Shelby White and Leon Levy Archives Center on the Institute campus.

COVER PHOTO: ANDREA KANE

Table of Contents Table of Reports oftheChairandDirector The InstituteforAdvancedStudy Special ProgramsandOutreach School ofHistoricalStudies School ofNaturalSciences School ofSocialScience School ofMathematics Record ofEvents

89 88 87 79 91 58 50 42 30 22 10 4 6

Independent Auditors’Report Present andPastDirectors andFaculty Administration Founders, Trustees,andOfficersoftheBoard Acknowledgments and oftheCorporation

DAN KOMODA

DAN KOMODA Report of the Chair

The independence and excellence of the Institute for We are also immensely thankful for the service of Trustees Advanced Study rely on the power of philanthropy, and we Carmela Vircillo Franklin and Margaret Levi, whose terms are deeply grateful for the support we are receiving from a as Academic Trustees came to an end, and Spiro Latsis, a growing network of donors. Trustee since 2008, and Marty Leibowitz, our distinguished Carl P. Feinberg, a Friend of the Institute since 2002, former Vice Chair and past President of the Corporation and endowed a Professorship of Theoretical Physics now held by Chair of the Board, who served with remarkable distinction Juan Maldacena in the School of Natural Sciences. The Center for twenty-one years. The Board looks forward to Spiro and for Spain in America, directed by former Member and Visitor Marty’s continuing contributions as Trustees Emeriti. José Luis Colomer, created a John Elliott Membership in the The importance of curiosity-driven basic research cannot School of Historical Studies in honor of the former Institute be overstated: it is a prerequisite of innovation and the first Professor. The Tang Research Foundation, led by former step in societal understanding and change. The Institute Member Xin Luo, endowed the Roger E. Covey Membership invests in a vital combination of immediate impact and in East Asian Studies. Former Institute Trustee Jeff Bezos returns that play out over decades. I offer my heartfelt endowed the Bezos Membership in Astrophysics. And the late appreciation to those who join IAS in providing funding Professor Emerita Patricia Crone made a bequest that created a and resources for researchers who open new paths of inquiry named Membership in the field of Near Eastern Studies. that revolutionize human thought and lead to applications We were thrilled to welcome new Trustees Veena Das, that transform our lives, influencing research, universities, Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Anthropology at Johns Hopkins programs, fields of study, and future knowledge throughout University; Lorraine Daston, Director of the Max Planck the world. Institute for the History of Science and Visiting Professor in the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago; Charles Simonyi and John Overdeck, Co-Chair of Two Sigma Investments. Chair of the Board

Report of the Director

This year was particularly auspicious for science and for the We were deeply saddened by the passing of Professor Emerita power of basic research, driven by imagination and original Patricia Crone and Professor Emeritus Morton White in the thought. The Institute celebrated the centennial of Einstein’s School of Historical Studies. Patricia and Morty were foremost general theory of relativity with a conference, General Relativity scholars in their fields who influenced our understanding of at 100, cohosted with Princeton University and supported by a history and humanity. Their character, courage, and ideas are grant from the Schwab Charitable Fund made possible by the greatly missed. generosity of IAS Trustee Eric Schmidt and Wendy Schmidt. Andrew W. Mellon Professor Jonathan Israel in the School of Incredibly, two months earlier, the Laser Interferometer Historical Studies and Professor Peter Goddard in the School of Gravitational-Wave Observatory detected a key prediction of Natural Sciences (as well as my predecessor as Director) retired Einstein’s theory: the existence of gravitational waves created as of June 30, 2016. We are deeply grateful for their original when two black holes collided a billion light-years away, creating research and leadership. We also congratulate Sebastian Currier discernible ripples in spacetime. The detection, a century later, on his last year as Artist-in-Residence. Sebastian curated a was a dramatic reminder of the timescale of basic research and stunning series of concerts and artist talks during his three-year its role as an engine of technological and societal progress. appointment. We are very pleased that Pulitzer Prize–winning Curiosity-driven basic research at the Institute continues to composer David Lang will succeed Sebastian and carry forward be recognized throughout the world and across the sciences and the tradition of a musical presence within the IAS community. humanities: Professor Yve-Alain Bois was awarded the Pierre Like all years at the Institute, 2015–16 was one of break- Daix Prize; IBM von Neumann Professor Jean Bourgain was throughs and discoveries, some of them heralded in the New awarded the Antonio Feltrinelli International Prize for Mathe- York Times and recognized with prizes, others quietly opening matics; Professor Emeritus Glen Bowersock was awarded the new lines of inquiry and deeper exploration. I am immensely Prix Albert Bernard; James D. Wolfensohn Professor Didier grateful to our Trustees, Faculty, Members and Visitors, Fassin received the Gold Medal of the Swedish Society for Friends, Staff, foundations, and other donors for supporting Anthropology and Geography; Professor Tom Spencer was our Faculty and Members in their work to further knowledge awarded the Henri Poincaré Prize; and Charles Simonyi and understanding. Professor Edward Witten received the Albert Einstein World Award of Science and the inaugural American Physical Society’s Robbert Dijkgraaf Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research. Director and Leon Levy Professor

4 ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE ALL PHOTOS

Top: Charles Simonyi, Chair of the Board of Trustees, addresses Faculty and Trustees at the Board meeting in May. Below: Robbert Dijkgraaf, Director of the Institute and Leon Levy Professor, gives an Institute talk, “100 Years of General Relativity,” available at www.ias.edu/ideas/100-years-general-relativity.

5 In November, the Institute celebrated the centennial of Einstein’s general theory of relativity with a special two-day conference, General Relativity at 100, which examined the history and influence of relativity and its continuing impact on cutting-edge research, from cosmology and quantum gravity to black holes and mathematical relativity. The Institute for Advanced Study

It was founding Director Abraham Flexner’s belief that if the Institute “eschews the chase for the useful, the minds of its scholars will be liberated, they will be free to take advantage of surprises, and someday an unexpected discovery, apparently leading nowhere, will be found to be an indispensable link in a long and complex chain that may open new worlds in theory and practice.”

FROM THE DEVELOPMENT of programmable computers and the uncovering of the deep symmetries of nature to advances in societal understanding and historical practice, long and complex chains of knowledge have developed for more than eighty- five years through research originating at the Institute for Advanced Study. Albert Einstein was one of the first in a continuous line of distinguished Institute scientists and scholars who have produced a deeper understanding of the physical world and of humanity. Yet the Institute’s remarkable history does not seem to weigh heavily on current scholars and scientists. Instead, the atmosphere focuses on the present, where every twist and hairpin bend changes our view. What do we know? What do we yet need to understand? How should we try to comprehend it? Work at the Institute takes place across historical studies, mathematics, natural sciences, and social science. Currently, a permanent Faculty of some thirty eminent academics each year award fellowships to some two hundred visiting Members, from about one hundred universities and research institutions throughout the world. The Institute’s reach has been multiplied many times over through the more than seven thousand Members who have influenced entire fields of study as well as the work and minds of colleagues and students. Thirty-three Nobel Laureates, forty-one of the fifty-six Fields Medalists, and six- teen of the seventeen Abel Prize Laureates, as well as many winners of the Wolf and MacArthur prizes, have been affiliated with the Institute. At the Institute, everything is designed to encourage scholars to take their research to the next level. This includes creating and sustaining an environment where Members live in an academic village of apartments, originally designed by Marcel Breuer in 1957, at the edge of the Institute’s eight hundred acres of campus, woodland, and farmland. Members eat in the same dining hall, share common rooms and libraries, and carry out their work in an institutional setting where human scale has been carefully maintained to

DAN KOMODA DAN encourage the sharing of ideas, mutual understanding, and friendship.

7 Each year a new intellectual mix is created by the Members, ranging from young postdoctoral fellows to distinguished senior professors, who typically stay a year but may stay up to five years and return for subsequent visits throughout their careers. A period spent as a Member is often a life-changing experience. Young scholars meet the contemporaries who, with them, will be leading figures in their field in the future. Senior Members have the time and freedom to initiate new lines of research. Freed from teaching and administration, Members are afforded opportunities for discussing their work with scholars and scientists from other fields. Here they are given the time to take advantage of serendipitous encounters at lunch, teatime, or at After Hours Conversations, an interdisciplinary program to encourage wide-ranging conversations in an informal environment. Throughout the year, the Institute hosts a broad array of concerts, lectures, and programs for the Institute community and the public. In the 2015–16 academic year, the Institute celebrated the centennial of Einstein’s general theory of relativity with a special two-day conference cohosted with Princeton University. The confer ence, General Relativity at 100, examined the history and influence of relativity and its continuing impact on cutting-edge research, from cosmology and quantum gravity to black holes and mathematical relativity. The celebration began with a special screening of Light Falls, a theatrical production by Brian Greene, Member (1992–93) in the School of Natural Sciences, and closed with a special performance by Joshua Bell and a screening of Einstein’s Light, a documentary film by Nickolas Barris, Direc- tor’s Visitor (2013). Videos of talks may be viewed at www.ias.edu/ideas/2015/general- relativity-at-100-conference. In addition, the Institute offers numerous and varied activities for Members, Visitors, and their families—from family science talks and children’s activities to play readings, jazz evenings, tennis lessons, and trips to museums and other cultural sites. Fundamental research at the Institute furthers our grasp of a world of diverse facts, structures, ideas, and cultures. This is due in large part to the precious freedom that Faculty and Members at the Institute experience—an independence enabled by the generosity of the Institute’s founders and subsequent benefactors. We share the conviction of our founders that such unrestricted deep thinking will change this world but where and how is always a surprise.

8 ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE EXCEPT BOTTOM, DAN KOMODA ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA 9 Professor Angelos Chaniotis leads a seminar for Members and visiting scholars from nearby universities, examining inscriptions in the Institute’s squeeze collection, one of the largest in the world. School of Historical Studies

The School of Historical Studies, established in 1949 with the merging of the School of Economics and Politics and the School of Humanistic Studies, actively promotes interdisciplinary research and cross-fertilization of ideas, thereby encouraging the creation of new historical enterprises.

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES bears no resemblance to a traditional academic history department, but rather supports all learning FACULTY for which historical methods are appropriate. Its Faculty and Members Yve-Alain Bois embrace a historical approach to research throughout the humanistic disci- Angelos Chaniotis plines, from socioeconomic developments, political theory, and modern Nicola Di Cosmo international relations to the history of art, science, philosophy, music, and Luce Foundation Professor literature. In geographical terms, the School concentrates primarily on the in East Asian Studies history of Western, Near Eastern, and Far Eastern civilizations, with Patrick J. Geary emphasis on Greek and Roman civilization, the history of Europe (medi- Jonathan Haslam George F. Kennan Professor eval, early modern, and modern), the Islamic world, and East Asia. Jonathan Israel Support has been extended to the history of other regions, including Andrew W. Mellon Professor Central Asia, India, and Africa. Sabine Schmidtke The Faculty and Members of the School do not adhere to any one point of view but practice a range of methods of inquiry and scholarly PROFESSORS EMERITI styles, both traditional and innovative. Uniquely positioned to sponsor Glen W. Bowersock work that crosses conventional departmental and professional boundaries, Caroline Walker Bynum the School actively promotes interdisciplinary research and cross-fertiliza- Giles Constable tion of ideas, thereby encouraging the creation of new historical enterprises. Patricia Crone Due to an eleventh-hour discovery of new documents pertaining to (deceased July 11, 2015) Christian Habicht Henri Matisse’s 1932 Dance mural, Professor Yve-Alain Bois spent most of the fall term making necessary adjustments to Matisse in the Barnes Founda- Irving Lavin tion, a three-volume book that he edited and that was released in January. Peter Paret Another consuming editorial task was that of the translation of Wladyslaw Heinrich von Staden Strzeminski and Katarzyana Kobro’s 1928 treatise on sculpture for the Morton White (deceased May 27, 2016) journal October (published in the Spring 2016 issue). In the Fall 2015 issue of the same journal, he published an essay on the problem of pseudomor- phism (or look-alikes) and, for the Summer 2016 issue, he edited an

DAN KOMODA DAN anthology of texts by the French artist François Morellet, who recently

11 passed away, and upon this occasion concerning the making of a catalogue 2014. With the support of the Anne- wrote an essay comparing his work to raisonné and in a symposium on Jack- liese Maier Research Award of the that of the American artist Sol LeWitt. son Pollock, both organized by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation He also prepared for publication the Edith O’Donnell Institute of Art History (Berlin), he collaborated with graduate text of several lectures given the (The University of Texas at Dallas). students and postdoctoral researchers preceding year, one on Picasso and The research topics of the Members from the Universities of Munich, abstraction that he delivered at the participating in the art history seminar Heidelberg, Freiburg, and Münster in Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art in were extremely diverse, from craft in various epigraphic projects, including Paris as well as in various U.S. venues, early modern Japan (Christine Guth) the study of inscriptions in Aphrodi- including the IAS, and the other deliv- to the career and production of a Dutch sias/Asia Minor and Yeronisos/Cyprus, ered in Philadelphia at the American proto-encyclopedist artist working the study of inscriptions as evidence for Philosophical Society, where he was at the time of the iconoclasm crisis the history of emotions in the Greek elected a member in the spring. (Marisa Bass); from the concept of world, and publication of the Supple- However, the main bulk of his schol- style in late antique visual arts (Sarah mentum Epigraphicum Graecum. He also arly activity—pursuing the long-term Bassett) to the rhetoric of power and supported the work of the Inscriptiones project of his catalogue raisonné of the relationship between architecture Graecae in Berlin. Subjects related to Ellsworth Kelly’s work—will not see and landscape in ancient Iran (Matthew this research area were treated both in the light of day for at least another year. Canepa); from the use and abuse of the Ancient Studies Seminar (October The first volume of this catalogue, archaeology in films produced by the 2015–October 2016) and the fourth which appeared in fall 2015 and Stalinist regime in Russia (Michael Epigraphic Friday (March 6, 2016). received the Pierre Daix Award, led to Kunichika) to the imitation of archi- Continuing his research on The several invitations to speak about Kelly’s tectural forms in medieval Islamic Social and Cultural Construction of work (at the de Menil Foundation in vessels (Margaret Graves); from the Emotions: The Greek Paradigm, a pro Houston and at the Whitney Museum representation of a sacred mountain ject funded by the European Research of American Art in New York)— in China during the Qing dynasty Council (2009–13), Chaniotis is lectures that turned into memorials, (Wen-Shing Chou) to the relationship currently putting together a collective given Mr. Kelly’s death over Christmas. between art, cosmology, and astrology volume, Unveiling Emotions III: Display Bois also participated in a discussion in late medieval Prague (Eric Ramírez- and Arousal of Emotions in the Greek Weaver), and the rarely seen avant- World, and preparing together with Dr. garde films realized in the 1960s by Nikolaos Kaltsas (Athens) and Profes- FACULTY & EMERITI AWARDS Robert Beavers and Gregory Marko- sor Ioannis Mylonopoulos (Columbia poulos (Rebekah Rutkoff). Each University) an exhibition on this Yve-Alain Bois received François Member presented his or her work at subject, which will take place in the Pinault’s Pierre Daix Prize for Ellsworth least once in the seminar, and despite Onassis Cultural Center in New York Kelly: Catalogue Raisonné of Paintings, the extraordinary diversity of their from March to June 2017. Reliefs, and Sculpture, Volume One, 1940– topics, common interest soon emerged, Chaniotis lectured in the United 1953 (Editions Cahiers d’Art, 2015). including the relationship between art States, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Glen Bowersock received the Prix and science and the concern for mate- and Switzerland. Many of his lectures Albert Bernard from the Académie riality in current art historical debates. focused on his new research on the des Sciences d’outre-mer for Le trône Several sessions were dedicated to transformations of nightlife from the d’Adoulis: Les guerres de la mer Rouge à discussing various recent publications fourth century B.C.E. to the fourth la veille de l’Islam (Albin Michel, 2014). pertaining to these issues. century C.E.; he is the convener of The main focus of Professor a conference on this subject that will Angelos Chaniotis received an Angelos Chaniotis’s work remains take place in the Fondation Hardt Anneliese Maier Research Award the study of epigraphic evidence and (Geneva) in August 2017. As a member from the Alexander von Humboldt the information it provides for Greek of the Fund for Scientific Research in Foundation and was conferred the social, cultural, and religious history. Belgium, he contributed to the eval insignia of Doctor Honoris Causa, He co-edited Supplementum Epigraphi- uation of research in the humanities Faculty of Philosophy and Letters by cum Graecum LXI (Leiden, 2015) and in this country. In March 2016, he the Université de Liège. completed the book manuscript From received an honorary degree from the Jonathan Israel received a 2015 PROSE Alexander to Hadrian: The Greeks in a Université de Liège in recognition of award for Revolutionary Ideas: An Intel- Cosmopolitan World, to be published by his contribution to the study of antiq- lectual History of the French Revolution Profile Books and Harvard University uity and Greek religion. ANDREA KANE from The Rights of Man to Robespierre Press. He also worked on his book In the 2015–16 academic year, (Princeton University Press, 2014). Epigraphic Research at Aphrodisias, 1995– Nicola Di Cosmo, Luce Foundation

12 ANDREA KANE

Member Noël Sugimura explores the history of enlightenment through eighteenth-century literature in a School of Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium in the spring.

Professor in East Asian Studies, collab- Paris. His lectures focused mainly on ranging from the transnational study of orated on a study of climatic change in the place of China in the early modern strategic bombing in WWII to wars of the early Middle Ages (Nature Geosci- world, in dialogue with French histo- necessity or choice in Chinese history. ence, February 2016) and coauthored rians of Europe and Asia. In addition Other topics included Buddhist art a study on the climatic implications to his seminar in Paris, he lectured at and philosophy, Chinese archaeology, (Scientific Reports, May 2016). These the University of Chicago, Columbia modern Chinese fiction, Korean films, works are part of a growing involve- University, Yale University, and the and Japanese literature. The seminar ment with historical climatology and University of Hong Kong. Finally, in continues to represent a forum of with the use of palaeoclimatic proxies collaboration with Didier Fassin, James exchange of ideas and lively discussion in historical investigation. A paper on D. Wolfensohn Professor in the School across different disciplines in which all the use of scientific data by historians of Social Science, he organized a Members participate. was presented at the meetings of workshop, held at the Institute in June Professor Patrick Geary’s genetic the American Historical Association 2016, on the theme of “non-state war history team has successfully extracted (Atlanta, January 2016). Other papers economies.” The participants looked at and preliminarily sequenced ancient were presented at the meetings of the several instances, both contemporary DNA from sixty individuals who lived American Society for Environmental and historical, of the emergence of war in what is today Italy and Hungary in History and the Association for Asian economies. This workshop did not the sixth century. These sequences will Studies (both held in Seattle, April simply place in a broader context the make it possible to examine the social 2016). The overall direction of his rise of war economies in countries such organization and migratory history of research has methodological implica- as South Sudan, Nigeria, and Syria, but early medieval populations during the tions regarding the integration of aimed to combine methodologies from so-called migration period of European different classes of data in areas of different disciplines and thus approach history. His entire team of geneticists, history in which documentary records economic, political, and historical archaeologists, and historians from are especially scarce. He also joined, as issues from an integrated as well as Europe and the United States met a project leader, the Climate Change comparative perspective. in January in Vienna to discuss the and History Research Initiative at Within the Institute, the activities progress of the project. He presented Princeton University, participating in of the East Asian Studies group were preliminary results at conferences in their regular activities and workshops. varied and rich, with seventeen talks Paris, Frankfurt, Cambridge, Tempe, In April–May, he spent a month as an and lectures presented by Members and and Beijing, where he spent two weeks invited visiting professor at the École invited speakers. Military history has as a Global Fellow at Peking University. des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, been a focus for the year, with topics At an international commemoration of

13 the fourteen-hundredth anniversary of Houses and Their Archives in a 2015. The implications of this history the death of the Irish monastic founder Comparative Perspective: Portugal- for the present government of Russia Columbanus, he lectured on memory Spain-France, Fourteenth–Nineteenth are not hard to see in that President and identity at a conference in Bobbio, Centuries,” which drew archivists Vladimir Putin is a veteran of what Italy, the place of Columbanus’s last and historians from the United States, was once KGB counter-intelligence, monastic foundation. In conjunction France, Spain, and Portugal. Likewise having served in East Germany before with his Anneliese Maier Research at the Institute, in collaboration with and during the fall of the Berlin Wall Prize from Germany’s Humboldt Foun- Helmut Reimitz of Princeton Univer- in 1989. dation, in May he organized a two-day sity and Max Diesenberger of the Opportunities arose to address the workshop for early career historians and Austrian Academy of Sciences, he present state of Russia in lectures and archaeologists at the newly established cosponsored a workshop on “The seminars delivered at the Institute on Max Planck Institute for the Science Transformation of the Carolingian the occasion of the meeting of Trustees of Human History in Jena on the topic World,” at which European and in late September 2015 and elsewhere of “New Methods in History and American scholars outlined a new thereafter: in Washington, D.C., at the Archaeology.” Also in May, the Heidel- international collaborative research Woodrow Wilson International Center berg Centre for Transcultural Studies agenda on political, social, and cultural for Scholars (Smithsonian Institution) organized a workshop in his honor and changes in western Europe in the tenth and at the bank of one of our most that of Professor Sumathi Ramaswamy and eleventh centuries. recent Trustees, Afsaneh Beschloss; on the topic “Materials on the Move,” Jonathan Haslam joined the and more recently in New York, at which considered the transforming School as the George F. Kennan the Century Club, courtesy of Chair meanings of objects as they move Professor in July 2015, coming from Emeritus of Trustees James Wolfen- through different cultural and historical the University of Cambridge where sohn, a memorable occasion where the contexts. He has continued to mentor he is now Professor Emeritus in the active involvement of such figures as the American Academy in Rome’s History of International Relations Henry Kissinger greatly enlivened the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation– and a Life Fellow of Corpus Christi debate. Haslam also delivered a lecture sponsored seminar “Framing Medieval College, Cambridge. He also remains on the history of Soviet intelligence at Mediterranean Art,” and for the a Fellow of the British Academy. the Hay-on-Wye Festival in Britain at twenty-first consecutive year, he His comprehensive history of Soviet the end of June. chaired the M.A. defenses at the secret intelligence, Near and Distant The Director kindly agreed to Department of Medieval Studies at Neighbors—a reference to civilian and underwrite costs for the first year the Central European University in military intelligence establishments— of the World Disorder Lecture Series Budapest. At the Institute, in support appeared with Farrar, Straus, and that Haslam initiated. It has up to now of Member Maria de Lurdes Rosa, Giroux in New York not long after his covered China’s economic outlook, he sponsored a workshop on “Noble arrival at the Institute in September Europe’s tensions with the United States, and past and present discontents in the Middle East. If further funding is forthcoming, the series will explore other such topical themes. Work has now begun formulating proposals for a new monograph. The task is basically that of reinterpreting the history of international relations for the first half of the twentieth century, focusing on the underlying reasons for the implosion of the European states system. This resulted in the division of Germany, and therefore DAN KOMODA DAN Europe, into American and Near Eastern and Islamic Studies scholars convene at the Institute for a workshop led by Professor Sabine Schmidtke (left) and Member Maurice A. Pomerantz (right) to discuss the history, circulation, and interpretation of the maqa¯ma, Soviet spheres of influence one of the longest traveling and widest circulating of premodern literary forms. from 1947 to 1989; the former

14 as protectorates, the latter effectively under military occupation. This new enterprise results from Haslam’s deep-seated unease at the continued dominance exerted by two schools of thought on our understanding of why Europe imploded: that of political scientists seeking to explain state behavior purely in terms of the impact of the states system instead of its components (societies) and that of diplomatic historians who seek answers exclusively from the analyses made and the decisions taken by the governments of the various states involved. The alternative approach requires thoroughly KOMODA DAN French historian Emmanuel Todd (left) gives a public lecture on Germany-U.S. relations as part of the reconsidering the role of ideas—the World Disorder Lecture Series, organized by Jonathan Haslam, George F. Kennan Professor (right). idées forces—that drove societies forward, including the assumptions lengthy surveys of the debate by Israel his list of publications, which is now shared by those taking the decisions are due to appear in the next few available online. The three most within government hitherto neglected. months, one in a special symposium important articles were: “J.G.A. Pocock Jonathan Israel, Andrew W. Mellon devoted to this debate in Journal of the and the ‘Language of Enlightenment’ in Professor, continued investigating History of Ideas (September 2016), the his Barbarism and Religion,” Journal of during the last academic year the other as the introductory piece to the the History of Ideas 77 (2016); “Northern trans-Atlantic origins of democratic forthcoming Reassessing the Radical Varieties: Contrasting the Dano- ideas and constitutions in the revolu- Enlightenment (ed.) Steffen Ducheyne Norwegian and the Swedish-Finnish tionary era (1776–1848) with particular (London, Routledge, 2017). During Enlightenments,” in Eighteenth-Century focus on the divisions within the this year, the Italian translation of his Periodicals as Agents of Change, Perspec- American Revolution and the impact book on the role of democratic repub- tives on Northern Enlightenment, edited of American republican achievements lican ideas in the French Revolution, by Ellen Krefting, Aina Nøding, and and practices on European develop- Revolutionary Ideas (Princeton Univer- Mona Ringvej (Leiden-Boston, 2015); ments down to 1848. His book on the sity Press, 2014), appeared and work “Leo Strauss and the Radical Enlight- influence of the American Revolution is progressing on the French, German, enment,” in Reading Between the Lines— on French, British, and other revolu- and several other translations. He has Leo Strauss and the History of Early tionary democratic republican thinking been directly assisting to ensure the Modern Philosophy, edited by Winfried recently was completed and is now with accuracy of the text and footnotes of Schröder (New Studies in the History the Princeton University Press to be the forthcoming French version. and Historiography of Philosophy, vol. 3) published in 2017 as “The Expanding The Early Modern Europe work- (Berlin-Boston, 2015). Blaze: How the American Revolution shop at the Institute, chaired by Israel, In 2014–15, Professor Sabine Ignited the World, 1775–1848.” continued down to last May as a forum Schmidtke continued to focus on The sometimes furious debate in of intensive debate and exchange of the Shii (Zaydi) tradition of Yemen which he has been involved in recent ideas on European History from the and Northern Iran. She published a years—with a “positive critique” Renaissance down to the early nine- comprehensive article, “The Cultural accepting the concept of a “Radical teenth century. The participants all Transfer of Zaydi and non-Zaydi Enlightenment” as fundamental to the read and commented at length on each Religious Literature from Northern origins of modern democracy and the other’s research papers, ensuring a high Iran to Yemen, 12th through 14th revolutionary era with its roots in the level of interaction throughout. Infor- Century,” in Globalization of Knowledge early Enlightenment being attacked by mal discussion too was often highly in the Post-Antique Mediterranean, edited a large number of historians detecting stimulating for all concerned. During by Sonja Brentjes and Jürgen Renn flaws in the “Radical Enlightenment this academic year, Israel has presented (Routledge, 2016) and she continued argument”—has escalated further with research papers, participated in confer- her work on her three-volume book this lively discussion being taken up ences, and delivered keynote lectures in project (in collaboration with Hassan in Polish, Finnish, Italian, and Spanish Rotterdam, Lisbon, Paris, Nantes, Los Ansari, currently a Member in the as well as French, Dutch, German, Angeles, and at Yale University. Several School of Historical Studies) Licence to British, and American journals. Two more published articles were added to Transmit: The Spread of Mu‘tazilı¯ and

15 Zaydi Thought as Documented in Ija¯ zas. ies Review, to be published by Brill from Russia, Italy, the United States, and In the field of Islamic intellectual May 2017 onwards (www.brill.com/ Iran. Over the course of the year, the history, she published the Oxford ssr). This will be complemented by a Members regularly met in a bi-weekly Handbook of Islamic Theology (Oxford new book series, Shii Islam: Texts and lively seminar (in addition to a great University Press, 2016) and completed Studies (Leiden: Brill), also initiated and deal of socializing), which was also (with Khaled El-Rouayheb) the Oxford coedited by Schmidtke. On April 6, frequented by Members from the Handbook of Islamic Philosophy, to be 2016, she provided an overview of the Institute’s School of Social Science, published by October 2016. In addi- field of Shii studies in a lecture, “Shii Princeton University graduate students tion, she completed (with Wilferd Studies in the West: Past, Present, and and faculty, former IAS Members, as Madelung) a critical edition of two Perspectives for the Future” (Columbia well as occasional visitors. The main theological summae by the tenth University Seminar on Iranian Studies, subjects studied by the group and century Buyid vizier al-S.a¯ h.ib b. ‘Abba¯ d Center for Iranian Studies). presented in the seminars related to (Al-S a¯ h.ib Ibn ‘Abba¯d Promoter of Rational Over the course of the year, Islamic law (Hassan Ansari), Graeco- Theology: Two Mu‘tazil¯ı Kala¯m Texts from Schmidtke organized three major events Arabica (Carlo Scardino), early Islamic the Cairo Geniza) (Leiden: Brill, 2016). at the Institute. First, a one-day work- history and Shiism (Najam Haider), She also finalized another issue of her shop with Member Maurice A. Pomer- Islamic medicine (Nahyan Fancy), journal Intellectual History of the Islamicate antz, “The Maqa¯ ma and Its Readers: Arabic literature (Maurice A.Pomer- World on the topic “Histories of Books: A Workshop on Arabic and Hebrew antz), Islamic art history (Margaret Part I” (coedited with Maribel Fierro Literatures” (May 27, 2016). Secondly, Graves), Islam in Russia (Rozaliya and Sarah Stroumsa) and is currently in collaboration with George Kiraz Garipova), Iranian press during the preparing the next issues on “Histories (Princeton University) a two-day late nineteenth/early twentieth century of Books: Part II” and “Medical Tradi- conference, “‘Allographic Traditions’ (Negin Nabavi), and pre-Islamic tions” (to be published in April and among Arabic-speaking Christians, Iranian traditions (Andrea Piras). September 2017, respectively). In the Jews, and Samaritans: Workshop on In 2015–16, Professor Emeritus field of the Arabic Bible, she gave a the Writing Systems of Garshuni, Glen Bowersock completed the lecture on “Arabic Translation of the Judeo-Arabic, and Samaritan-Arabic” manuscript of a book, The Crucible Pentateuch in the Library of the (June 9–10, 2016). Thirdly, in collabo- of Islam. It is devoted to the darkest Twelver Sh¯‘ı i Scholar Rad.¯ı al-D¯ın ration with last year’s Member Amy period of the most transformative time ‘Al¯ı b. Sa‘d Ibn T. a¯ wu¯ s (d. 664/1266)” Singer, Schmidtke organized a one- in the late antique Mediterranean (Christianity and Judaism in the week workshop, “The Digital Ottoman world, the century between 560 and Language of Islam: A Conference on II Workshop” (June 20–24, 2016). 660, just before Muhammad’s birth, the Bible in Arabic and Cognate Fields, Schmidtke also spent much of her through the earliest Muslim conquests. March 29–April 1, 2016, Gustavianum, time at the Institute with a large and He has tried to understand the Arabian Uppsala), and she continued working diverse group of Members studying milieu of Muhammad’s Mecca, his on a collaborative project, a critical subjects related to the Near and Middle struggles to find acceptance, and the edition of the translation of the Bible East, though not necessarily to Islam. impact of the Islamic conquests that into Arabic by H. a¯ rith b. Sina¯ n. In the The group was highly international, followed his death. His earlier book field of Shii studies, Schmidtke initiated with Members from the United Arab The Throne of Adulis, which recently a new peer-reviewed journal, Shii Stud- Emirates, Germany/Switzerland, won the Prix Albert Bernard of the DAN KOMODA DAN ANDREA KANE

Left: Member Martti Nissinen participates in the “Epigraphic Friday” workshop organized by Professor Angelos Chaniotis; Right: Professor Patrick Geary (center) leads scholars, including Members Thomas Biskup (left) and Eric Ramírez-Weaver (right), in a comparison of the archives and history of France, Spain, and Portugal.

16 ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS Left: Jonathan Israel, Andrew W. Mellon Professor, explores the emergence of democratic ideas in European and American history during an Early Modern Workshop. Right: Scholars, including Intisar Rabb, director of the Islamic Legal Studies Program at Harvard Law School (pictured above), examines Arabic and Hebrew literatures during “The Maqa¯ma and Its Readers,” a workshop organized by Professor Sabine Schmidtke and Member Maurice Pomerantz.

Académie des Sciences d’outre-mer, others have survived as negatives or and operational success that always has had already broached this complex prints. About 5,300 images of land- driven the greater part of Clausewitz history through a study of Ethiopian scapes and antiquities from Turkey studies, and continues to do so today. involvement in the Arabian peninsula more than half a century ago will soon With an extended review that will in the sixth century. At the Institute, be made available not only in Paris, but, appear in the American Historical Review, Bowersock profited from discussion through an exceptionally generous Paret has returned to a subject on which with Members, notably with Carlo initiative of Thibaut Boulay in Tours, he has intermittently worked over the Scardino, whose perfect mastery of to the IAS for open access here. These past fifty years: art and politics in both Greek and Arabic was helpful, images will join the collection of Louis Germany between the Wilhelmine and and with Gianfranco Agosti, who was Robert’s epigraphic “squeezes” that his National Socialist eras. Beginning with exploring late antique Greek poetry in widow presented to the Institute two the publication in 1960 of The Berlin both Christian and pagan contexts. decades ago. Secession: Modernism and Its Enemies in In October, he lectured on “Mecca, Two areas of research occupied Imperial Germany, his most recent work Muhammad, and Late Antique Arabia” Professor Emeritus Peter Paret during in the field involves two books on the at the University of Vienna on the the 2015–16 academic year. He contin- sculptor and dramatist Ernst Barlach in invitation of former Visitor Bernhard ued work on the development of Carl 2003 and 2012, the latter written in Palme. Over the winter, his introduc- von Clausewitz’s ideas in the political collaboration with Helga Thieme of the tion to the final publication of the and cultural context of late eighteenth- German Barlach Foundation. Finally, in magnificent mosaic from Lod in Israel and early nineteenth-century Germany. May he attended the annual meeting of appeared in a volume edited by Gideon His recent book, Clausewitz in His Time the Advisory Committee of the Lieber- Avni. Bowersock has contributed (New York-Oxford, 2014), will appear mann Gesellschaft at the Akademie frequently, as in the past, to the New next year in an extended German der Künste in Berlin, and discussed York Review of Books and recently wrote edition, for which he has written a new additions to the working catalogue of about the exhibition of Hellenistic introduction, enlarged two chapters on Max Liebermann’s pastels and drawings. antiquities from Pergamon at the Clausewitz and the dramatist and poet Berghahn published the papers of Metropolitan Museum after a visit with Heinrich von Kleist, and compared the the 2014 conference on historians former Member Paul Zanker. In the analyses of national defeat by Clause- who came to the United States from Rivista Storica Italiana, he published a witz and Marc Bloch, and added a new, Germany, The Second Generation, edited memoir of the late Emilio Gabba, an seventh chapter. Colonel Reinhold by Andreas Daum, Hartmut Lehmann, eminent Roman historian who had Janke of the Bundeswehr and Paret and James Sheehan, which includes been an IAS Member and a close friend. share the task of translation. In Decem- Paret’s autobiographical essay “External As part of his responsibilities for ber, he was invited to give a talk at the Events, Inner Drives.” Paret’s talk at the Paris archive of the great French Pentagon, “On War, Then and Now,” the 2015 Yale University conference epigraphist and historian Louis Robert, which appeared in the Journal of Military on Ernst Cassirer was translated into Bowersock has encouraged the digitiza- History 80, No. 2 (April 2016). It is German and will appear under the title tion of a precious collection of photo- hardly necessary to add that a historical “Bücherschicksale: Cassirer, Machiavelli, graphs from western Asia Minor that analysis of Clausewitz’s efforts to under- und der Lerser” in the January 2017 Robert and his wife took between 1932 stand war has nothing to do with the issue of the Zeitschrift für Ideengeschichte of and 1962. Some are on glass plates, and ahistorical search for current strategic the Deutsche Literaturarchiv.

17 2015–16 members and visitors f First Term F s Second Term F v Visitor

Wendi Adamek Courtney Booker Eric Goldberg Chinese Buddhism F University of Calgary Carolingian History, History of Drama F The Early Medieval Europe, Late Antiquity F The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies University of British Columbia Massachusetts Institute of Technology Endowment Fund Member Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies George William Cottrell, Jr., Member

Gianfranco Agosti Stephen Burnett Bryna Goodman Greek Epigrams in Late Antiquity F Università Early Modern Jewish History F University of Modern Chinese History F University of Oregon F s degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza F s Nebraska–Lincoln The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Funding provided by the Patrons’ Endowment Fund Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow Endowment Fund Member

Hassan Farhang Ansari Daniela Caglioti Margaret Graves Intellectual and Legal Studies F Institute for Modern European History F Università degli Studi History of Islamic Art F Indiana University, Advanced Study di Napoli Federico II F f Bloomington Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund

Jeffrey Barash Matthew Canepa Christine Guth History of Political Thought F Université de Ancient Iranian Art and Archaeology F University of Material Culture and Design History F Royal Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Minnesota F s College of Art F f Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon Janet Chen Foundation Marisa Bass History of Modern China F Princeton University Renaissance Art F Washington University in St. Frederick Burkhardt Fellowship funded by the Najam Haider Louis American Council of Learned Societies Islamic Studies F Barnard College of Columbia Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund University F s Wen-Shing Chou Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead Fellow Sarah Bassett Buddhist Art and Architecture F Hunter College, Late Roman and Byzantine Art F Indiana The City University of New York Julia Hairston University The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Early Modern Italian Literature F University of Funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon Assistant Professors California, Rome F s Foundation Felix Gilbert Member; additional funding provided by Albrecht Diem the Hans Kohn Membership Fund Joshua Billings Medieval Monastic Studies F Syracuse University Classics F Princeton University F s Matthew Hopper Carolyn Eichner African History F California Polytechnic State Thomas Biskup Women/Gender in Modern Europe and Empire F University, San Luis Obispo F f Political History, History of Science F University of University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee William D. Loughlin Member Hull Gerda Henkel Stiftung Member Nahyan Fancy Paulin Ismard Premodern Islamic Science and Medicine F DePauw Ancient Greek History F Université Paris 1 Mark Evan Bonds University F f Panthéon-Sorbonne Aesthetics and Philosophy of Music F University of Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Member The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Member North Carolina at Chapel Hill Edward T. Cone Member in Music Studies Rozaliya Garipova Willem Jongman Islamic History F University of Pennsylvania F f Roman History, Economic History F University of Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Groningen F f Funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE ALL PHOTOS

Left: Professor Emeritus Heinrich von Staden (left) and Member Marisa Bass (right) participate in a Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium. Right: Visitor Karina Urbach (left), pictured here with Thomas Biskup, Gerda Henkel Stiftung Member, worked on a project that focuses on the impact that former Nazis had on German society after 1945.

18 Hodong Kim Eric Ramírez-Weaver Deborah Steiner History of the Mongol Empire F Seoul National Medieval Art History F University of Virginia Classics/Ancient Greek Literature F Columbia University The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for University F f Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Assistant Professors Funding provided by the Hetty Goldman Membership Fund Michael Kulikowski Camille Robcis Late Antiquity/Early Middle Ages F The Intellectual History F Cornell University F s Noël Sugimura Pennsylvania State University AMIAS Member History of Enlightenment Cultures F Georgetown Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies University Felipe Rojas Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund Michael Kunichika Classical Archaeology F Brown University Russian and Soviet Culture F New York University The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Kenneth Swope Willis F. Doney Member; additional funding provided Assistant Professors Chinese Military and Social History F University of by the Herodotus Fund Southern Mississippi F f Maria de Lurdes Rosa Funding provided by the Patrons’ Endowment Fund Rhodri Lewis Medieval/Early Modern European History F Literary and Intellectual History F University of Universidade Nova de Lisboa F f Meredith Terretta Oxford Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund African History, Law and Transnational Activism F Willis F. Doney Member University of Ottawa Els Rose Louise and John Steffens Founders’ Circle Member Eugenio Menegon Medieval Latin, Medieval Liturgy F Utrecht Late Imperial China F Boston University F f University F f Stephen Tracy Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Member Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund Greek History and Epigraphy F The American School of Classical Studies at Athens F v Jason Moralee Rebekah Rutkoff Late Antiquity F University of Massachusetts, Cinema Studies F Institute for Advanced Study John Tresch Amherst Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies History of Science and Technology F University of The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Member Pennsylvania F f Emmanuelle Saada Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Negin Nabavi Law and Colonialism F Columbia University F f Modern Iranian History F Montclair State Hans Kohn Member Karina Urbach University F s Modern International Relations and Jewish Family Carlo Scardino Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow History F University of London F v Graeco-Arabica F Heinrich-Heine-Universität Martti Nissinen Düsseldorf William Van Andringa Assyriology, Biblical Studies F University of Martin L. and Sarah F. Leibowitz Member Roman Archaeology and Religion in Late Antiquity F Helsinki F s Université Lille 3 F s Daniel Smail Funding provided by the Florence Gould Foundation History and Anthropology of Medieval Southern Giuseppe Pezzini Fund Latin Literature F University of Oxford F s Europe F Harvard University F s Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Marga Vicedo History of Science F University of Toronto Paul Smith Andrea Piras Willis F. Doney Member Iranian Studies F Università Degli Studi Di Chinese History F Haverford College F f Bologna F s Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund James Webb, Jr. Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Historical Epidemiology F Colby College F f Mingwei Song Willis F. Doney Member Maurice Pomerantz Modern Chinese Literature F Wellesley College F s Arabic Literature/Cultural History F New York Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow University Abu Dhabi The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Assistant Professors ANDREA KANE DAN KOMODA DAN

Left: Professor Yve-Alain Bois completed his three-volume work on Matisse. Right: Historians, anthropologists, economists, and political scientists convene to participate in a two-day workshop organized by Nicola Di Cosmo (left), Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies, and Didier Fassin (right), James D. Wolfensohn Professor in the School of Social Science, to explore the relationships between warfare and economy.

19 Negin Nabavi on the Birth of Newspaper Culture in Nineteenth- Century Iran In March 1882, Iran’s newspaper readers encountered an unprece- dented editorial appeal. This appeal KUPFERSTICHKABINETT, STAATLICHE STAATLICHE KUPFERSTICHKABINETT, MUSEEN, BERLIN

KASHKUL (NOVEMBER 23, 1907) (NOVEMBER KASHKUL to the “learned” to get involved, to Marisa Bass on Art and “say something,” and to share their Science in the Early learning about how to bring about progress, appeared in the Iranian state Modern Netherlands newspaper, Ettela`, published in Tehran. It was an attempt by the newspaper to present itself as a forum that could reflect the opinions of its intended audi- “Art” and “science” meant something ence, and thus to gain their trust. Ettela` further claimed that it was free from very different in the Renaissance than “all official constraints” and that it would publish any article that was sent in they do within the strict disciplinary to the newspaper as long as “it was useful to the nation and did not defy reli- divides of today’s academy. Beginning in gion and state.” The evidence suggests that readers were skeptical about the sixteenth century, inquiry into the Ettela`’s appeals, yet Ettela` persisted and would repeat its appeal periodically. workings of the natural world engaged Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/nabavi-iranian-newspaper-culture. the visual and literary arts (artes) as a means to pursue knowledge (scientia) of everything from the stars to anatomy to newly discovered species. My research at Maurice Alex Pomerantz IAS this year explores a stunning example on the Maqa ¯ma of this phenomenon from the sixteenth century: a four-volume series of manu- The picaresque ma q a¯ m a tales were the scripts known as the Four Elements, which subject of a workshop, The Ma q a¯ m a and encompasses an encyclopedia of animals Its Readers, that I organized last May and plants from across the globe. Among with Sabine Schmidtke. Although the them is one especially remarkable volume: ma q a¯ m a is less familiar to Western readers the first illustrated book in European than the fantastic tales of the Arabian history exclusively devoted to the subject Nights, it was long central to Arabic and Middle Eastern literatures and is one of insects. Read more at www.ias.edu/ of the longest traveling and widest circulating of premodern literary forms. ideas/2016/bass-insect-artifice. Invented in the tenth century in Central Asia, maqa¯mas are collections of rhymed prose tales that recount the exploits of tricksters who travel throughout the major cities of the Muslim world and beyond. Read more at www. ias.edu/ideas/2016/pomerantz-exploits-of-maqama.

Hassan Farhang Ansari on the Shiite Interpretation of the Status of Women NEW SCIENTIST Nicola Di Cosmo on the Naturally, a major issue such as the role of “women” and “the social status of women” in society can be Mongol Army’s Retreat directly influenced by the social and political envi- from Central Europe ronment as well as local traditions and beliefs. The Why did the victorious Mongol army main factors in this regard are: the contribution of suddenly retreat from Central Europe in religious beliefs and national folklore as well as local 1242? Using data analysis of tree rings literature and the collective conscience of a nation, and historical documents, a study by including the epic history of a nation as told in Professor Nicola Di Cosmo suggests that prose or verse and popular stories that have had an Europe could have been rescued by its important direct impact on behavior and traditions own bad weather. Read more at throughout history. Read more at www.ias.edu/

www.ias.edu/di-cosmo-new-scientist. ISTANBUL LIBRARY, PALACE TOPKAPI ideas/2016/ansari-shiite-women.

20 Yve-Alain Bois on Matisse’s Hand-to-Hand Combat Matisse gave two separate accounts of th e moment at whi ch h e began work on th e first version of The Dance , each of th em emphasizing th e immensity of th e surface h e had to master, “to possess,” as h e p ut it. . . . Perhaps it would be important THE BARNES FOUNDATION to signal that th e composition of this

pan el came out of a hand-to-hand combat [ un corps à corps : literally, “a body- KOMODA DAN to-body combat”] of th e artist with th e fifty-two square meters of surface of whi ch th e mind of th e artist had to take possession, and not from th e modern Jonathan Haslam on a method of projection of a composition on a much larger surface, traced “on new History of Soviet d emand.” Read mor e at www.ias .edu/id eas/2016/bois- matisse-barnes . Intelligence Mikhail Gorbachev defied every expectation at home and abroad by Peter Paret on Émigrés from Nazi permitting the Berlin Wall to be breached in November 1989. He had Germany as Historians finally allowed the imbalance of As immigrants and historians-to-be, we shared in the military power in Europe, which had collective act of leaving Germany for the United States stood provocatively and overwhelm- as the Weimar Republic collapsed into the Third Reich, ingly to Soviet advantage since 1945, but each of us set out from particular circumstances, and to be broken unopposed. Behind all each encountered the new differently.… A young histo- this lay a basic truth: Moscow had rian arriving in this country in the thirties, even one effectively already given up the ideo- who had already done significant work, could encounter logical struggle. The Russia reborn considerable difficulties, and [Felix] Gilbert’s first years in 1992 had to confront the unex- BERGHAHN BOOKS in the United States were far from easy ones.… pected need to substitute at short His way of encountering the past, a way he inherited from his teachers and notice raw patriotism for a long-out- then refined, belongs to the scholarly and cultural history of the country in which moded belief in a global ideal, all in he grew up and from which he fled, to survive and add to the intellectual energy the face of falling living standards of his new home.… Interpreting the history of one time, one country, one activ- and full consciousness—not least via ity, helps us see the history of other countries, other societies, related activities, MTV, now beamed freely into city more clearly. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/second-generation. apartments—of what the West could offer in return for betrayal. The negative impact on intelligence assets and their recruitment was James Webb on Global Health severe, given how heavily Moscow Interventions in Africa depended upon human resources Historical epidemiologists are beginning to once attracted by and tied to the explore the documentary record of interventions Soviet model. Only with the emer- in tropical Africa to prevent the transmission of gence of their own man, former infectious diseases and reduce their prevalence. Lieutenant Colonel Vladimir Putin, Some interventions against individual diseases as president in 2000 could the began in the late nineteenth- and twentieth- “organs” hope to regain lost ground. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH WORLD century era of colonialism, when Europeans He rose to power as a result of the founded research institutes to investigate the challenges of tropical diseases and chaotic conditions prevailing in deployed their new medical knowledge in mobile campaigns to treat sleeping Yeltsin’s Russia, the state in retreat, sickness, tuberculosis, yaws, yellow fever, onchocerciasis, and other diseases. criminality rife, and widespread In the aftermath of the Second World War, the newly founded World Health corruption associated with the Organization (WHO) provided expert advice to colonial and later independent liberation of the state’s assets to the African governments and encouraged a more global approach to disease control. market. Read more at www.ias.edu/ Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/webb-global-health-intervention. ideas/2015/haslam-putin.

21 Veblen Research Instructor Ana Caraiani leads a Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory seminar organized by Richard Taylor, Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor in the School of Mathematics. School of Mathematics

The School of Mathematics, established in 1933, was the first School at the Institute for Advanced Study. Several central themes in mathematics of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries owe their major impetus to discoveries that have taken place in the School, which today is an international center for research on mathematics and computer science.

During the 2015–16 academic year, the School of Mathematics conducted a special program on the classification of geometric structures FACULTY

on 3-manifolds. The program was led by Distinguished Visiting Professor Jean Bourgain Ian Agol of the University of California, Berkeley. Twenty Members took IBM von Neumann Professor part in the program. Senior Members were Danny Calegari, Nathan Helmut Hofer Dunfield, John Etnyre, David Gabai, Jeremy Kahn, Vladimir Markovic, and Robert MacPherson Maryam Mirzakhani. Hermann Weyl Professor Peter Sarnak Background and Motivation Thomas Spencer William Thurston proposed the classification of geometric structures on Richard Taylor n-manifolds. While the spectacular geometrization theorem classified the Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor geometric structures on 3-manifolds with compact isotropy group, Vladimir Voevodsky i.e., locally homogeneous Riemannian metrics, there are many other Avi Wigderson interesting structures to investigate such as contact structures and Herbert H. Maass Professor foliations. The goal of the program was to investigate these geometric structures and relations between them. Other topics of interest related to PROFESSORS EMERITI geometric structures include profinite completions of 3-manifold groups, Enrico Bombieri orderings of fundamental groups, mapping class groups of surfaces, gauge Pierre Deligne theory, PD(3) groups, minimal surfaces, cube complexes, and strengthened Phillip A. Griffiths structures such as taut foliations, tight contact structures, pA flows, and Robert P. Langlands quasi-geodesic foliations. Many of these structures do not even have a conjectural classification (in terms of topological restrictions and moduli), and specific examples are still being constructed.

Program Highlights There were weekly seminars for the special program given by visitors and select Members. In addition, there were two workshops. There were about twenty visitors associated with the special program over the course of the year, not including workshop participants. Members also participated in weekly “mathematical discussions,” and there was a reading seminar on gauge theory. Some results from the program included: The construction

ANDREA KANE of “ubiquitous” closed quasi-fuchsian surfaces in cusped hyperbolic

23 3-manifolds by Members Daryl Cooper work with Dan Margalit and Oyku 3-manifolds,” took place from October and David Futer, who made use of Yurttas, both of Georgia Institute of 5–9, 2015. The goal of the October techniques of Mark Baker and Cooper, Technology, showed that there is a workshop was to explore the topology and Members Jeremy Kahn and Alex polynomial-time solution to the conju- of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Wright. This answered a question posed gacy problem in mapping class groups The second workshop, “Flows, by Agol as to whether one could cubu- of a fixed surface. Foliations, and Contact Structures,” late cusped hyperbolic manifolds so that In the spring, a reading group on was held from December 7–11, 2015. the cusp subgroups act elliptically. gauge theory organized by Member This workshop encouraged interaction Member Steven Frankel proved that Tye Lidman focused on understanding between mathematicians studying quasi-geodesic flows may be deformed Peter Kronheimer and Tomasz Mrow- gauge theory, contact structures, to pseudo-Anosov flows, answering a ka’s preprint “Tait Colorings, and an foliations, and related topics such as conjecture of Member Danny Calegari. Instanton Homology for Webs and symplectic topology. Short-term visitor Thomas Foams,” which defined a new Floer Barthelme of the Pennsylvania State homology invariant of certain Other School Activities University, Visitor Sergio Fenley, and 3-dimensional orbifolds (Kronheimer Senior Members Alex Eskin, Alex Frankel proved a rigidity result for and Mrowka kicked off the 3-manifold Kontorovich, Amir Mohammadi, hyperbolic automorphisms of 3-mani- seminar in the fall with back-to-back Maryam Mirzakhani, Alan Reid, and folds: these are conjugate to time-one talks on this work). Participants Alex Wright, short-term visitors Elon maps of Anosov flows. included mathematicians from Prince- Lindenstrauss and Alex Lubotzky, both Member Joel Hass proved the exis- ton University, and talks were given by of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, tence of many hyperbolic 3-manifolds Lidman, Agol, Lucas Culler of Massa- and Alex Gamburd of the City which fiber over the circle but cannot chusetts Institute of Technology, University of New York participated be foliated by minimal surfaces, Member and von Neumann Fellow in a small program in Teichmüller addressing a long-standing open Cagatay Kutluhan, Steven Sivek of dynamics. Because this field is close to question of Visitor Karen Uhlenbeck. Princeton University, and Uhlenbeck. the topic of Agol’s special year, the Member Nathan Dunfield defined a In general, there were many interac- seminars in this very active area were class of triangulations of 3-manifolds tions between Members associated with attended by both groups of specialists. (Δ-complexes plus some extra conditions the special program and other Members In particular, Eskin and Mirzakhani called a laminar orientation), which in the School, as well as academics from reported on their recent breakthroughs imply the existence of a taut foliation. local universities including Princeton, classifying invariant measures the He then used this criterion to compute Rutgers, and Temple. Borel subgroup of the natural SL (2,R) thousands more examples of manifolds action. Wright reported on his advances which are not L-spaces and admit a Special Program Workshops on classifying Veech surfaces and also taut foliation, bolstering a conjectured Two special program workshops were on his work with Curtis McMullen equivalence. held during the first term. The first and Ronen Mukamel, “Cubic Curves Member Balázs Strenner, in joint workshop, “Geometric Structures on and Totally Geodesic Subvarieties of ANDREA KANE

In May, a conference, “Analysis and Beyond: Celebrating Jean Bourgain’s Work and Impact,” was organized to bring together leading researchers working in different areas of analysis, such as former Member Larry Guth (left) and Member Alex Kontorovich (right), to discuss future research directions.

24 ANDREA KANE

Ian Agol, Distinguished Visiting Professor in the School of Mathematics, led the special program on the classification of geometric structures on 3-manifolds. Additionally, Agol received the 2016 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics for his contributions to low-dimensional topology and geometric group theory.

Moduli space.” Mirzakhani reported the Group of Euclidean Isometries.” some of the remarkable and exciting on her recent work for counting points In March, Andrei Okounkov of developments and discussed future in orbits of the mapping class group Columbia University delivered the research directions. (her results have since been applied by 37th Herman Weyl Lectures. He gave Speakers were Professor Emeritus IBM von Neumann Professor Jean three talks on “Weyl Groups and Their Enrico Bombieri; Emmanuel Breuil- Bourgain, Professor Peter Sarnak, and Generalizations in Enumerative lard, Université Paris-Sud 11; Haim Alex Gamburd in their work on the Geometry.” Brezis, Rutgers, The State University diophantine analysis of Markoff In March, the School hosted the of New Jersey; Ciprian Demeter, Indi- surfaces). workshop “Thin Matrix Groups,” ana University; Alireza Salehi Golse- There was a one-day topology organized by Lubotzky, and Members fidy, University of California, San workshop at IAS in November orga- Reid and Kontorovich. The workshop Diego; Larry Guth, Massachusetts nized by Randall Kamien of the focused on recent developments on the Institute of Technology; Gil Kalai, University of Pennsylvania, Hermann topic of the orbit method for thin The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Weyl Professor Robert MacPherson, matrix groups and strong approxima- Carlos Kenig, The University of and Konstantin Mischaikow of tion. In addition to reports on the Rutgers, The State University of New latest developments, there were many Jersey. Speakers were Xiaming Mao, excellent introductory lectures suitable University of Michigan; Joel Moore, for students and mathematicians from FACULTY & EMERITI AWARDS University of California, Berkeley; other areas (this topic has wide appli- Jean Bourgain received the 2016 Dmitry Feichtner-Kozlov, Institut für cations from number theory and group Antonio Feltrinelli International Prize Algebra, Geometrie, Topologie und theory to topology and theoretical for Mathematics by the Accademia deren Anwendungen, Universität computer science). Nazionale dei Lincei. Bremen; Facundo Mémoli, Ohio State In May, there was a conference, Phillip Griffiths received the Chern University, and Michael Lesnick, “Analysis and Beyond: Celebrating Medal by the International Mathemati- Columbia University. Jean Bourgain’s Work and Impact,” cal Union at the International Congress The 37th Marston Morse Memorial organized by Gamburd, Svetlana Jito- of Mathematicians, in Seoul, South Lecture was given in March by Elon mirskaya, Assaf Naor, Sarnak, Gigliola Korea. Lindenstrauss. He gave two talks on Staffilani, Terence Tao, and Péter “Joint Equidistribution of Arithmetic Varjú. The objective of the conference Thomas Spencer received the 2015 Orbits, Joinings and Rigidity of was to bring together leading research- Henri Poincaré Prize from the Interna- Higher Rank Diagonalizable Actions” ers working in different areas of analy- tional Association of Mathematical and the talk, “On Random Walks in sis. In addition, they also surveyed Physics.

25 Chicago; Kontorovich; Sergei Konyagin, us to learn more about the research of Lomonosov Moscow State University; the participants. Lindenstrauss; Vitali Milman, Tel Aviv The joint Institute for Advanced University; Andrea Nahmod, University Study/Princeton University number of Massachusetts, Amherst; Gilles Pisier, theory seminar continues to be one Texas A&M University, Wilhelm of the best attended seminars in the Schlag, The University of Chicago; Princeton area. Alternating between Herbert H. Maass Professor Avi IAS and PU, the seminar takes place at Wigderson; and Tamar Ziegler, The IAS every second week. In addition to Hebrew University of Jerusalem. new Members and postdocs reporting The main mathematical areas covered on their work, speakers who have by the conference were partial differen- made important recent breakthroughs tial equations, mathematical physics and attended from the United States and dynamical systems, analytic number abroad. More senior local speakers theory, harmonic analysis, functional also gave talks on recent developments: analysis and applications, sum-product a good example was Bourgain’s report phenomena, and spectral gap phenom- on his proof together with Demeter ena and applications. and Guth of the Vinogradov mean- The conference was widely attended value conjecture. with participants numbering close to The analysis seminar covered a two hundred. Many attendees consid- broad range of topics, such as random ered it the “event of the year” in the matrix theory, classical and quantum general subject of analysis. The success Yang Mills theory, partial differential of the event was due to the dynamic equations, and the geometry of nodal talks, the diversity of the material domains. Talks by Members included presented, and the especially interactive Paul Feehan on discrete critical values audience, which included a large for Yang Mills; Robert Hough on the number of young researchers. minimum modulus for covering systems; In June, the Institute cohosted the Juhi Jang on singular boundary condi- annual Conference for African American tions for a Kinetic Fokker-Planck equa- Researchers in Mathematical Sciences tion; Dana Mendelson on probabilistic (CAARMS). The group met for a day approach to nonlinear wave equations at Princeton University and then spent with rough initial conditions; and a day and a half at the Institute. The Tatyana Shcherbyna on applications purpose of this annual conference is of supersymmetry to the spectrum of to bring together African American random band matrices. researchers and students in the mathe- Professor Avi Wigderson leads the matical sciences to learn about the School’s continuing Computer Science research of their colleagues. CAARMS and Discrete Mathematics program, was founded by Professor William involving intensive research, often in Massey of Princeton University, a former cooperation with short-term Visitors Member who continues to organize the and local scholars from academic and conference each year. Among the many research institutions. There are two benefits of the School’s involvement weekly seminars, which are archived with this organization is to acquaint the along with participants’ papers at CAARMS researchers with IAS and for www.math.ias.edu/csdm/15-16.

From top to bottom: David Futer (left), Elinor Lunder Founders’ Circle Member, Abigail Thompson (center), Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Founders’ Circle Member, and Professor Peter Sarnak (right) at lunch in Simons Hall. Herbert H. Maass Professor Avi Wigderson attends a CSDM seminar led by Member Karim Adiprasito on problems surrounding Minkowski sums. Karen Uhlenbeck, Visitor, talks about the life and mathematics of Emmy Noether, one of the Institute’s first Visitors from 1933–35. Scholars having tea in Simonyi Hall during a workshop on thin groups and super approximation. Professor Emeritus Enrico Bombieri (left) explains the mathematical beauty of the Ree Groups equation as part of a panel discussion about the Concinnitas Project, which may be viewed at https://video.ias.edu/concinnitas.

26 ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE 2015–16 members and visitors f First Term F s Second Term F v Visitor F vp Visiting Professor F dvp Distinguished Visiting Professor F vf Veblen Fellow F vri Veblen Reasearch Instructorship F vnf von Neumann Fellowship

Karim Alexander Adiprasito John Etnyre Robert Guralnick Combinatorics in Algebra, Geometry, and Topology F Contact and Symplectic Topology F Georgia Finite and Algebraic Group Theory, Representation Institute for Advanced Study F s Institute of Technology F s Theory, Galois Theory F University of Southern Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by The Bell Companies Fellowship California F v, f Fund Ian Agol Joel Hass 3-Manifold Topology F University of California, Paul Feehan Geometric Topology and Applications F University Berkeley F dvp Differential Geometry, Partial Differential Equations, of California, Davis Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Mathematical Physics F Rutgers, The State Shiing-Shen Chern Member; additional funding pro- Endowment University of New Jersey vided by The Ambrose Monell Foundation Infosys Member; additional funding provided by the Benedikt Ahrens Oswald Veblen Fund Pooya Hatami Univalent Foundations F Institute for Advanced Theoretical Computer Science F Institute for Study Sergio Fenley Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Low-Dimensional Topology, Foliations and Flows in Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Dimension 3 F Florida State University F v/f, s Noga Alon AMIAS Member; additional funding provided by the Jennifer Hom Combinatorics F Tel Aviv University F vp, f Ellentuck Fund Low-Dimensional Topology F Institute for Advanced Study Nils A. Baas Amanda L. Folsom Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Algebraic Topology, Systems Biology F Norwegian Number Theory F Amherst College F vnf, s University of Science and Technology F s Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Yong Hou Geometric Group, Geometric Topology F Princeton Christopher Beck Michael Forbes University F v Computational Complexity F Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Pseudorandomness F Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study F v Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Steven Frankel Robert Daniel Hough Valentin Blomer Geometric Topology and Dynamics F Institute for Analytic Number Theory, Additive Combinatorics F Number Theory F Georg-August-Universität Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study Göttingen F vnf Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Schmidt and the National Science Foundation June Huh Danny Calegari Jürg M. Fröhlich Algebraic Geometry, Combinatorics F Institute for F 3-Manifolds, Group Theory, Dynamics The Theoretical and Mathematical Physics F Advanced Study and Princeton University F vf University of Chicago F f Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich F s Funding provided by the Clay Mathematics Institute Funding provided by the Ellentuck Fund and the Funding provided by the Giorgio and Elena Petronio and the National Science Foundation Oswald Veblen Fund Fellowship Fund Mikhail Ivanov Ana Caraiani David Futer Number Theory, Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry F F Number Theory Institute for Advanced Study Low-Dimensional Topology, Hyperbolic Geometry, Institute for Advanced Study F v and Princeton University F vri Geometric Group Theory F Temple University Funding provided by the Oswald Veblen Fund Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Elinor Lunder Founders’ Circle Member; additional and the Minerva Research Foundation Membership funding provided by the Oswald Veblen Fund Juhi Jang Fund Analysis and PDEs F University of Southern David Gabai California F vnf Daryl Cooper Low-Dimensional Topology, Hyperbolic Geometry F Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Topology F University of California, Santa Princeton University Barbara F f Christian Johansson Funding provided by the Ellentuck Fund Ziyang Gao Number Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Number Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Octav Cornea Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy and the Minerva Research Foundation Membership Symplectic Topology F Université de Montréal Schmidt and the National Science Foundation Fund

Nathan Dunfield Saul Glasman Junehyuk Jung Topology, Geometry of 3-manifolds F University of Algebraic Topology F Institute for Advanced Study Analytic Number Theory, Spectral Geometry F Illinois F f Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Institute for Advanced Study F f Funding provided by The Bell Companies Fellowship Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Fund and the Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship Mark Goresky Fund II Geometry, Automorphic Forms F Institute for Jeremy Kahn Advanced Study Teichmüller Theory, Hyperbolic Geometry, Conformal Alex Eskin Funding provided by the Ellentuck Fund Dynamics F The Graduate Center, The City Dynamical Systems and Ergodic Theory F The University of New York University of Chicago F f Daniel R. Grayson Funding provided by The Bell Companies Fellowship Univalent Foundations F University of Illinois at Richard Kent Fund Urbana-Champaign F v, f Geometry F University of Wisconsin–Madison F vnf Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Foundation

27 Mahta Khosravi Walter D. Neumann Alexei Skorobogatov Analysis, Spectral Geometry F The University of Geometry, Topology F Columbia University Arithmetic Geometry F Imperial College London F f British Columbia F v Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Endowment Nayoung Kim Hoi Huu Nguyen Number Theory F Institute for Advanced Study F v Combinatorics, Probability F The Ohio State Florian Sprung University F vnf Number Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Gillat Kol Funding provided by the National Science Foundation and Princeton University F vri Theory of Computation F Institute for Advanced Study Paige North Balazs Strenner Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Higher Category Theory F University of Low-Dimensional Topology, Mapping Class Groups, and the Minerva Research Foundation Membership Cambridge F v, f Pseudo-Anosov Homeomorphisms F Institute for Fund Advanced Study Ori Parzanchevski Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Alex Kontorovich Algebra, Combinatorics F Institute for Advanced Number Theory, Automorphic Forms F Rutgers, Study F v Avishay Tal The State University of New Jersey F s Theoretical Computer Science F Institute for Héctor Pastén Advanced Study Cagatay Kutluhan Number Theory, Logic F Institute for Advanced Funding provided by the Simons Foundation and the Geometry and Topology F University at Buffalo, Study National Science Foundation The State University of New York F vnf Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Schmidt and the National Science Foundation Abigail Thompson Low-Dimensional Topology F University of Catherine Lelay Amit Patel California, Davis Univalent Foundations F Institute for Advanced Applied Topology F Institute for Advanced Study Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Founders’ Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Circle Member, Friends Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Schmidt and the National Science Foundation and the Doron Puder Roman Travkin Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship Fund I Combinatorics, Combinatorial and Geometric Group Algebraic Geometry, Representation Theory F Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study Tye Lidman Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Geometric Topology F Institute for Advanced and the James D. Wolfensohn Fund Study Jessica S. Purcell Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Geometric Topology F Brigham Young Lisa Traynor University F vnf, f Symplectic and Contact Topology F Bryn Mawr Baiying Liu Funding provided by the National Science Foundation College F s Automorphic Forms, Representations of p-adic Groups F Institute for Advanced Study Ran Raz Cheng-Chiang Tsai Funding provided by the S. S. Chern Foundation for Computational Complexity F Weizmann Institute Representation Theory of p-adic Groups and Mathematics Research Fund, the Ky Fan and Yu-Fen of Science F vp Langlands Correspondence F Institute for Advanced Fan Membership Fund, and the National Science Funding provided by the Simons Foundation and the Study F s Foundation National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation

Vladimir Markovic Alan Reid Karen Uhlenbeck Geometry F California Institute of Technology F f Hyperbolic Manifolds, Discrete Groups, Low- Gauge Theory F The University of Texas at F Dimensional Topology The University of Texas Austin F v Dana Mendelson at Austin F s Nonlinear Dispersive Equations F Institute for Funding provided by the James D. Wolfensohn Fund Jan Vondrák Advanced Study F s Algorithms, Optimization, Submodular Functions F Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Noga Ron-Zewi IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, Theoretical Computer Science F Institute for California F f Maryam Mirzakhani Advanced Study F v Hyperbolic Geometry, Teichmüller Theory, Ergodic Zhiren Wang Zeev Rudnick Theory F Stanford University F f Dynamical Systems F Institute for Advanced Study Minerva Research Foundation Member Number Theory F Tel Aviv University Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Amir Mohammadi Robert F. Williams Damaris Schindler Lie Groups and Ergodic Theory F The University Topology, Dynamical Systems F The University of Number Theory F Institute for Advanced Study of Texas at Austin F vnf Texas at Austin F v Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Dale Winter Tatyana Shcherbyna Anders Mörtberg Hyperbolic Manifolds, Spectral Gap F Institute for Univalent Foundations F Institute for Advanced Mathematical Physics F Institute for Advanced Advanced Study Study Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Alexander Murray Wright Egor Shelukhin Joanna Nelson Dynamics, Moduli Spaces F Institute for Advanced Contact and Symplectic Topology F Institute for Symplectic and Contact Topology F Institute for Study F f Advanced Study Advanced Study Funding provided by the Clay Mathematics Institute Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Funding provided by the National Science Foundation and the National Science Foundation Endowment Nicholas Sheridan Symplectic Geometry F Princeton University F v

28 Ian Agol on Volumes of Hyperbolic Link Complements What is three-dimensional topology? Topology has its origins in the work of Henri Poincaré, who wanted to study the global structure of solutions to differential equations. Poincaré coined his theory analysis situs, but na ires on the ilbert otel A P H H eventually it became known as the modern theory of topology. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the University of Topology codifies the notion of continuity, meaning the Göttingen was one of the top research centers for mathematics identification of global properties of spaces that do not change in the world. The mathematician David Hilbert was a well-estab under small (local) deformations without cutting or gluing. lished professor there, and during the winter semester of 1924–25 Two spaces are equivalent if one can be deformed to the other. he gave a series of lectures about the infinite in mathematics, Topologists are fond of saying that they cannot distinguish a physics, and astronomy. (These and other lectures by Hilbert doughnut from a coffee mug. They call such objects homeomor- are now published in book form by Springer-Verlag. The book phic, which may be demonstrated by deforming one to the other is available at the IAS library in translation and in the original as if they were made of clay. These objects are still intrinsically German.) In one of these lectures, he used an example to explain equivalent (homeomorphic), but cannot be deformed one to the the crucial difference between finite and infinite sets: in a hotel other in three-dimensional space. We need a doughnut to sit with a finite number of rooms, if all rooms are occupied then differently in three-dimensional space. there is no room for new guests. But in a hotel with infinitely Topologists call these doughnuts knots, referring to closed many rooms this is not a problem: if all rooms are occupied and loops of string. How do we tell when two doughnuts (or knots) a new guest arrives, simply move each old guest one room over, are not equivalent to each other by deformation (isotopy)? A knot leaving the first room vacant for the newly arrived guest. A complement is what is left when you remove a knot from space. similar argument lets us accommodate any finite number of, For example, take an inner tube (surface of a doughnut), punc- and even infinitely many, newly arrived guests. Read more at ture it with a little hole, and turn it inside out. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/pires-hilbert-hotel. www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/agol-hyperbolic-link-complements.

Jean Bourgain’s Coat Jo Nelson on Symplectic of Arms and Contact Topology Jean Bourgain, IBM von Neumann Symplectic and contact topology is an active Professor in the School of Mathematics, area of mathematics that combines was bestowed the title of Baron by the ideas from dynamical systems, analysis, Belgian government in July 2015. In topology, several complex variables, association with the honor, Bourgain and differential and algebraic geometry. Symplectic and contact designed a coat of arms inscribed “In structures first arose in the study ofclassical mechanical systems, hope against hope.” Bourgain explains elements of the design: allowing one to describe the time evolution of both simple and The essential part is the center where you see four complex systems such as springs, planetary motion, and wave mutually tangent circles that generate a so-called Apollonian propagation. Understanding the evolution and distinguishing circle packing (named after Apollonius of Perga, 2nd transformations of these systems led to the development of century B.C.). Such a packing is a fractal set in the plane, global invariants of symplectic and contact manifolds. which one obtains if one keeps removing from the The equations of motion in classical mechanics are deter- curvilinear triangles the tangent discs. In the Renaissance, mined by the notion of a conserved quantity, energy. A related these configurations were a subject of study for the French quantity is action, which is minimized by solutions to the equa- philosopher and mathematician René Descartes and later, tions of motion. For a closed system, such as the Kepler prob- in the twentieth century, for Frederick Soddy, who won lem, whose solutions describe paths of planets orbiting the sun, the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Soddy discovered the the energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in the integral Apollonian packings (IACP) where the reciprocals system, and the action is given by the (minimized) mean value of the radii are integers, for all circles in the packing. of kinetic minus potential energy. Symplectic and contact struc- The theory of these IACP is today a rich mathematical tures emerge as we investigate these systems by unpacking the research area, at the interface of hyperbolic geometry, information hidden in the notions of energy and action. Read dynamics, and number theory. more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/nelson-symplectic-topology.

29 Members Mauricio Romo (left), a researcher whose work lies at the interface between physics and mathematics, and Maxime Gabella (right), a theoretical physicist interested in string theory, in Bloomberg Hall School of Natural Sciences

The School of Natural Sciences, established in 1966, supports research in broad areas of astrophysics, systems biology, and theoretical physics. Areas of current interest include investigating the origin and composition of the universe; conducting research at the interface of molecular biology and the physical sciences; and elementary particle physics, string theory, quantum theory, and quantum gravity.

Each year the School of Natural Sciences appoints about fifty Members, the majority of them postdoctoral fellows, who are typically FACULTY

at the Institute for three years, some for up to five years. Collaboration is Nima Arkani-Hamed encouraged among Members who work in the School’s many scientific Peter Goddard areas—from molecular biology to mathematical physics. Stanislas Leibler From its earliest days, the Institute has been a leading center for funda- Juan Maldacena mental physics, contributing substantially to many of its central themes, Carl P. Feinberg Professor which now interrelate with astrophysics and biology. Areas of current inter- Nathan Seiberg est in theoretical physics include elementary particle physics, string theory, Scott Tremaine quantum theory, and quantum gravity, and their relationship to geometry, Richard Black Professor theoretical and observational astrophysics, and cosmology. Edward Witten Charles Simonyi Professor Research in the School’s astrophysics group encompasses astronomical Matias Zaldarriaga systems from nearby planets to distant galaxies, from black holes to the dark matter and dark energy that dominate the evolution of the universe. PROFESSORS EMERITI There is a growing cross-fertilization between astrophysics and elementary particle physics, and the work of many Members and Faculty crosses the Stephen L. Adler boundary between these two disciplines. Members in the astrophysics Freeman J. Dyson research group employ an array of tools from theoretical physics, large- Peter Goldreich scale computer simulations, and ground- and space-based observational Arnold J. Levine studies to investigate the origin and composition of the universe, and to use the universe as a laboratory to study fundamental physics. At the Simons Center for Systems Biology, the tools of modern physics and mathematics are being applied to biological investigation, on varying scales, from molecular to organismic, and in some cases focusing on understanding disease processes. The School’s collaborative and pioneering approach to the sciences, which extends to the Institute’s School of Mathematics, Princeton University, and the larger scientific community, continues to transform research in these

DAN KOMODA DAN fields and to open opportunities for powerful and important discoveries.

31 graduate student Kedron Silsbee have some cases, the effective phenotypic Astrophysics suggested an alternative mechanism in space is a low-dimensional one. Probably the most remarkable discovery which the progenitor was a hierarchical For example, Michael Mitchell, in physics in 2016 was the detection triple system of massive stars. The inner former Visitor in the School, together of gravitational waves by the Laser binary orbit was initially too large for with Leibler, has been continuing his Interferometer Gravitational-Wave gravitational radiation to be effective, analysis of mechanical properties of Observatory (LIGO). The signal, but tidal forces from the most distant proteins based on published structural which lasted a few tenths of a second companion shrank the orbit after the databases. This analysis, focused on and was detected at facilities in stars formed black holes. The model the evaluation of internal strains, has Washington and Louisiana, is almost produces the required rate of binary indicated that deformations induced certainly due to the merger of two black-hole mergers within the (very by ligand binding or thermal fluctua- black holes of thirty to forty times the large) uncertainties. tions localize around regulatory and mass of the Sun. The LIGO measurements show active sites, and that a structured, The LIGO detection demonstrates that the spins of the merging black low-dimensional path of strains is that gravitational waves exist, though holes are remarkably small. John N. often visible between these sites. On we already had extremely strong Bahcall Fellow Doron Kushnir and larger scales, the behavior of micro- indirect evidence for them from the Junior Visiting Professor Juna Kollmeier, bial populations seems to be described orbital decay of binary neutron stars. along with Roni Waldman (The quite well in a low-dimensional space, More importantly it shows that binary Hebrew University of Jerusalem) and as demonstrated by Leibler and his black holes exist, and that they merge Professor Matias Zaldarriaga, pointed collaborators at Rockefeller Univer- often enough that over the next few out that the small spin is difficult to sity. With BingKan Xue, a Long-term years LIGO will be able to explore reconcile with several of the most Member at Simons Center for Systems the complex structure of spacetime popular formation models for the Biology, Leibler has been investigating near the event horizons of merging LIGO binary, such as the collapse from a theoretical perspective how black holes. of two stellar cores inside a massive low-dimensional internal representa- Binary black holes are presumably common envelope, or models in tions of external fluctuating environ- formed from binary stars: if the stars which the black holes acquire mass ments may emerge as relevant entities are sufficiently massive they collapse from a surrounding accretion disk. in the space of possible (microbial) to black holes when their nuclear fuel A handful of additional detections survival strategies. Finally, with is exhausted. However, the details of with signal quality adequate to another Long-term Member, theoret- this process are not understood, and measure spins should strongly ical neuroscientist Yasser Roudi, by measuring the abundance, masses, constrain the possible channels for Leibler is working to connect the and spins of the merging black holes, creating black-hole binaries. theoretical description of collective LIGO will provide unique insights behavior of biological systems with into the final stages of the evolution Systems Biology long-standing ideas from theoretical of massive stars. The enormous diversity of phenomena computer science. Black-hole binaries merge because in biology implies that a large diversity Over the course of the past year, they steadily lose energy to gravitational of topics is being tackled in biological Professor Emeritus Arnold Levine has waves. A binary similar to the one research. In the tradition of theoretical collaborated with former Long-term detected by LIGO could merge within approaches in physics, Professor Member Benjamin Greenbaum, the age of the universe if its initial sepa- Stanislas Leibler and Members currently at the Icahn School of ration was less than about 20 percent working at the Simons Center for Medicine at Mount Sinai, and former of the Earth–Sun distance. A challenge Systems Biology are striving to find Members Rémi Monasson and in forming such binaries is that the some common mechanisms that could Simona Cocco, at the École Normale progenitor stars are larger than this at operate across different length and time Supérieure, Paris, on a set of projects some phases of their history, suggesting scales and across different organiza- to study the role of non-coding RNA that the larger star might swallow the tional levels of biological systems. For in engaging the immune system in smaller before the system formed two instance, at all scales, from molecular cancers. The team used a set of meth- black holes. Richard Black Professor machines to the whole brain, living ods, derived from statistical physics, to Scott Tremaine, who lectured on systems exhibit overwhelming detect anomalous RNA produced in “Exoplanets” at the thirty-third Jerusa- complexity; but what part of this tumors due to their altered epigenetic lem Winter School in Theoretical complexity is relevant to function? In state. These RNA share statistical Physics and was appointed the 2016 other words, what is the dimension of properties that make them more simi- Halley Lecturer at the University of the phenotype space in which biologi- lar to viral RNA than normal human Oxford, and Princeton University cal functions evolve? It seems that in RNA. The authors predicted that

32 DAN KOMODA DAN

Junior Visiting Professor Juna Kollmeier leads an IAS/Princeton University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium, “Cosmological Calorimetry: The Nature of the Intergalactic Medium and the Photon Underproduction Crisis.” these RNA are partially responsible clinical cancer research and propose near the String or Planck scales is the for the immune response observed in novel techniques, paths, and approaches only quantitatively successful predic- tumors and worked with an immunol- to answer these questions, four tion of physics beyond the Standard ogist, Nina Bhardwaj also at Mount proposals were recommended to move Model, and works in the context of Sinai, to validate these predictions. forward. Stand Up To Cancer, Bristol- either low-energy or “split” supersym- Levine also co-authored a review on Myers Squibb, the Breast Cancer metry. Preserving this success puts the relationship between the tumor Research Foundation, the V Founda- severe restrictions on possible matter suppressor p53 and the regulation of tion, the Lustgarten Foundation, and and gauge sectors that might appear repetitive element expression. Such the National Science Foundation will at collider-accessible energies. Arkani- elements make up half of our genome support this work. Professor Levine and Hamed, with collaborators, has and can be aberrantly expressed in the Simons Center for Systems Biology enumerated all possible new gauge tumors. As the authors showed, such hosted a follow up meeting in April, sectors that are compatible with unifi- expression can cause the immune at which the principal investigators cation, consisting of horizontal gauge system to be engaged. (among whom are several former SCSB groups acting on vector-like matter In collaboration with former Members) gathered to review progress charged under the Standard Model. Member Chang Chan, Levine has and share ideas. Another meeting, in Interestingly, almost all of these theories studied the contributions of genetics late June, brought together the post- are in the supersymmetric conformal and stochasticity to variable pheno- doctoral researchers who have joined window at high energies and confine types, including cancer risk in inher- the teams to give them an overview of quickly after the superpartners are ited cancer-predisposing syndromes by all four of the research projects and to decoupled. For a range of scalar masses creating mouse models as well as math- expose them to current research by compatible with both moderately ematical modeling using epidemiologi- leaders in the field. tuned and minimally split supersym- cal data. They have also studied the metry, the confining dynamics happen impact on gene regulation of inactivat- Theoretical Physics at the multi-TeV scale, leading to a ing mutations in two transactivation Over the past year, the work of spectrum of multiple spin-0 and spin-1 domains of tumor suppressor protein Professor Nima Arkani-Hamed has resonances accessible to the LHC, with p53 under DNA damage stress. taken a number of directions. unusual quantum numbers and striking After the Convergence Ideas Lab decay patterns. held at the Institute in February 2015, Unification and New Particles at bringing together physicists and clinical the LHC N-naturalness oncologists to create interdisciplinary The apparent precise unification of Partially motivated by the absence of teams to address important questions in gauge couplings at ultrahigh energies new particles to date at the LHC,

33 Arkani-Hamed and collaborators the past several years has centered on they can prove this statement, showing proposed a qualitatively new, cosmolog- looking for more primitive principles that gauge-invariance in just (n − 1) ical solution to the hierarchy problem. from which the physics of spacetime particles together with minimal power- They introduced N copies of the Stan- and quantum mechanics can emerge. counting uniquely fixes the amplitude. dard Model with varying values of the This problem becomes sharply posed Unitarity in the form of factorization Higgs mass parameter. This generically in the context of formulating an under- then follows from locality and gauge yields a sector whose weak scale is para- standing of scattering amplitudes where invariance. Arkani-Hamed and his metrically removed from the cutoff by locality and unitarity are not assumed colleagues also give evidence for the a factor of 1/N – √1/N. Ensuring that but are instead derived notions, a stronger conjecture, showing in non- reheating deposits a majority of the program that has been carried out most trivial examples that gauge-invariance total energy density into this lightest concretely and completely to date in the and power-counting alone demand a sector requires a modification of the story of the “amplituhedron.” With graph structure for singularities, and standard cosmological history, provid- some collaborators, he has initiated thus locality also emerges from the same ing a powerful probe of the mechanism. an exploration of new connections starting point. Similar statements hold Current and near-future cosmological between locality, unitarity, and for theories of Goldstone bosons like experiments will explore much of the scattering amplitudes that is orthogonal the non-linear sigma model and Dirac- natural parameter space. Furthermore, to these developments. They conjecture Born-Infeld, by replacing the condition supersymmetric completions, which that the leading two-derivative of gauge invariance with an appropriate preserve grand unification, predict tree-level amplitudes for gluons and degree of vanishing in soft limits.

superpartners with mass below 10 TeV, gravitons can be derived from gauge accessible to possible future 100 TeV invariance together with mild assump- Canonical Forms from Positive colliders. tions on their singularity structure; Geometries the locality and unitarity of amplitudes A central mathematical notion that has Locality and Unitarity From emerge from these requirements. emerged in Arkani-Hamed’s explora- Singularities and Gauge Invariance Assuming locality in the form of singu- tion of scattering amplitudes is that of Much of Arkani-Hamed’s work over larities associated with cubic graphs, a “positive geometry.” Non-trivially ANDREA KANE

Attendees, including Marta Luksza (second from right), Janssen Fellow and Research Associate, and Victor Aleksandrov (right), Starr Foundation Member in Biology, make their way to the Governor’s Conference on Effective Partnering in Cancer Research hosted by the Simons Center for Systems Biology on April 6.

34 associated with these geometries are certain canonical differential forms, which in the context of physics determine scattering amplitudes (and in other work in progress in other contexts, cosmological correlation functions as well). This subject is largely virgin mathematical territory, and so with his student and a mathematician collaborator, he has begun to develop it systematically. Along the way, they have found several beautiful new ways of computing a class of scattering amplitudes associated with the positive geometry of the simplest “amplituhedra,” connecting the physics to analysis, geometry, and combinatorics in new ways. Professor Peter Goddard, in collaboration with former Member Louise Dolan, has continued studying DON KOMODA Junior Visiting Professor Neal Dalal’s (center) work is mainly in cosmology investigating neutrino the scattering equations, originally effects on large-scale structure, cosmic voids, and gravitational lensing. introduced by David Fairlie and David Roberts in 1972. More recently, former Members Freddy Cachazo and describing points on a (cubic) elliptic he has proposed an expression for the Song He along with Ellis Yuan showed curve corresponding to the torus. As in modular Hamiltonian associated to a that formulae for the tree amplitudes the genus zero case, these formulations subregion of a field theory that has a for gauge theories and gravity in facilitate the algebraic solution of the gravity dual. The expression is very arbitrary dimensions can be expressed torus scattering equations. simple: it is given by the area of the as sums over the solutions of these Work has also continued on using boundary of the bulk region plus the equations. In previous work, Dolan methods of algebraic geometry to study bulk modular Hamiltonian. This is a and Goddard gave similar formulae for the projective variety defined by the simple consequence of similar formulas the simplest case of massless scattering, polynomial scattering equations on the for the entanglement entropy. scalar φ3 theory, and proofs of these sphere, showing that it necessarily is More recently, with IAS Long- formulae and those for pure gauge zero-dimensional for nonzero values term Member Douglas Stanford, he theory. They also found a polynomial of the Mandelstam variables. has been studying a simple quantum form of the scattering equations for N Goddard has also continued work- mechanical model proposed by particles as a system of N – 3 homoge- ing with former Member Matthias condensed matter physicists. This neous equations in N – 1 variables, Gaberdiel on writing an accessible but model has several features in common which, inter alia, gives a direct demon- rigorous treatment of conformal field with near extremal black holes. stration that the scattering equations theory, in the form of a monograph or Extremal black holes are black holes typically have (N – 1)! solutions. graduate textbook. He has continued that have a very small Hawking This work concerns the scattering serving on the boards of institutes in temperature for a given horizon area. equations appropriate to the Riemann Jerusalem, São Paolo, Vancouver, Such black holes develop a scaling sphere, as is appropriate for the descrip- Geneva, and Zürich. In addition, symmetry for low-energy excitations. tion of tree amplitudes. These equations he has been working with Edward The model is solvable when the have a natural generalization to higher Corrigan on a memoir about the life number of fermions is large. It displays genus. Dolan and Goddard have and work of the physicist David Olive, an interesting time reparametrization studied the scattering equations on who died in 2012. symmetry that is both explicitly and the torus, which are expected to be Juan Maldacena, Carl P. Feinberg spontaneously broken. This pattern of relevant to one-loop amplitudes for the Professor, has been studying aspects of symmetries is also present for nearly massless theories described at tree level, entanglement entropy according to the extremal black holes. This explains and have obtained two equivalent gauge gravity duality. Together with features of black hole thermodynamics, forms of these equations, each of which Princeton University student Aitor as well as the effects of gravitational is polynomial in N pairs of variables Lewkowycz and other collaborators, backreaction on infalling matter,

35 including the effects that can be inter- that metric can be deduced from dimensions. This analysis resolved preted as dual to chaotic dynamics in computing the partition function how some symmetries, including time the microscopic theory. All of these of the system when it is placed on a reversal symmetry, is realized in these features are completely governed by sphere. Their discussion clarified a systems. It also had applications to the the symmetries and would be the number of confusing and subtle issues theory of topological insulators and same if the dual theory had a low in these computations and led to the problem of electrons in a strong string scale. many new results in two and four magnetic field. Professor Nathan Seiberg contin- spacetime dimensions. In the 2015–16 academic year, ued his explorations of quantum field Another application of quantum Charles Simonyi Professor Edward theory—a framework combining field theory is to condensed matter Witten focused in part on the study quantum theory with Einstein’s physics. Here quantum field theory of topological phases of matter. This special theory of relativity. Quantum can describe the long distance refers to materials that actually exist field theory is important in many behavior of matter in various phases. in the laboratory—many of them branches of physics, including particle Seiberg and Edward Witten, Charles discovered recently—that have unusual physics, string theory, condensed Simonyi Professor, explored a phase properties that reflect a subtle interplay matter physics, and cosmology, and it of matter known as a topological of topology and quantum mechanics. leads to many insights in mathematics. insulator. Often the bulk of such For Witten, this subject has a special There is no doubt that we are still materials is insulating (it does not fascination because methods of very far from a clear and complete conduct electricity), but electric quantum field theory—originally understanding of it. current can flow along their surface. developed for particle physics—are An important class of field theories It had previously been argued that frequently important in describing are scale invariant. In these cases, the under certain deformations the these systems. Very often, things outcome of an experiment does not surfaces of these materials can become that are known because of their role depend on the overall size of the insulating, but they still exhibit pecu- in quantum field theory or string system. These special field theories liar phenomena. Seiberg and Witten theory—and in some cases ideas that occur in certain phase transitions of found models where such phenomena he or his colleagues at the Institute matter, they are crucial in the formu- take place in a transparent and simple developed—turn out to be useful in lation of string theory, and they play way. This enabled them to understand understanding topological states of an important role in other applica- reliably how the surface becomes matter. Conversely, in some cases, tions of quantum field theory. It is insulating and how to properly char- physicists who are primarily motivated often the case that such theories acterize its nontrivial behavior. Along by these systems have had novel insights depend on parameters, and it is of the way, they found and applied new about relativistic field theory. interest to explore that dependence. consistency conditions in condensed Witten wrote an elementary intro- In collaboration with Jaume Gomis, matter physics. duction to this subject that he hopes Po-Shen Hsin, Zohar Komargodski, Seiberg and Witten then followed will be helpful for students. (This Adam Schwimmer, and Stefan up on this work with two condensed was based on lectures that he gave Theisen, Seiberg explored the space of matter physicists, Todadri Senthil and the previous summer during the 2015 these parameters and in particular the Chong Wang. Together they found IAS Prospects in Theoretical Physics metric on that space. Using the power many examples of theories exhibiting program.) He also wrote several of supersymmetry, they gave a new a phenomenon known as duality. research articles in this general area. conceptual proof that in some cases These are theories that appear to be With Professor Nathan Seiberg, different, but in fact they have the Witten analyzed the possible properties same physical consequences. There are of the surface of an important type of many examples of such dual theories material known as a topological insu- FACULTY & EMERITI AWARDS in particle physics, string theory, and lator. They went on, with condensed condensed matter physics. Seiberg, matter physicists Chong Wang and Nathan Seiberg received the 2016 Senthil, Wang, and Witten consoli- Todadri Senthil, to a new perspective Dirac Medal from the International dated many such examples into one on the “dualities” or quantum equiv- Centre for Theoretical Physics. coherent picture and gave more alences between seemingly different Edward Witten received the Ameri- evidence to its consistency. This gave states of matter. In separate work, he can Physical Society’s Medal for a new perspective to many claims in described the mathematics of topolog- Exceptional Achievement in Research the literature and generalized them in ical insulators (and their close cousins, and the 2016 Albert Einstein World various directions. This also led to a topological superconductors) more Award of Science from the World new understanding of the dynamics of precisely than had been done before. Cultural Council. some puzzling systems in two spatial This required a better understanding

36 ANDREA KANE

On February 11, 2016, physicists at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory announced the detection of gravitational waves, a key prediction of Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Richard Black Professor Scott Tremaine (above) participates in a public lecture and panel on the landmark discovery, along with Professor Matias Zaldarriaga, John N. Bahcall Fellow Doron Kushnir, and Junior Visiting Professor and Deborah Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Founders’ Circle Member Nadia Zakamska. of a rather old quantum field theory proposal fascinating because of the linking the model to composite insight known as the “parity anomaly,” way that it potentially links up with quarks and leptons constructed from and he showed that a more complete particle physics ideas about very light the fundamental fields of the model understanding of this anomaly also particles known as “axions.” It will which play the role of preons. Because led to a more complete understanding be fascinating if the astronomical quarks and leptons have different of some questions in string theory. evidence converges on this possibility preonic content in the model, the A second interest for Witten over in the coming years. proton is stable against decay to the the past year involved astronomical Professor Emeritus Stephen Adler positron plus meson modes that have dark matter. The existence of dark has continued to work on a model for been searched for but not observed. matter in galaxies and clusters of electroweak and strong force unifica- Adler plans to continue his studies of galaxies is well-established, but its tion that he proposed several years the SU(8) model, focusing on anoma- nature is completely unknown. ago. The model, based on the gauge ly-matching conditions and criteria The simplest theory of “cold” dark group SU(8), has equal numbers of for binding preons into composites. matter is satisfactory for many bosonic and fermionic degrees of Adler also wrote up his ideas on purposes, but there are hints that it freedom, but has no supersymmetries a frame-dependent origin of the does not give a satisfactory description when the gauge coupling is nonzero. so-called “dark energy” or cosmo of smaller “dwarf” galaxies or of The model cancels anomalies, and has logical constant component of the the central portions of larger galaxies the interesting feature that it is calcu- standard model of cosmology, as an such as the Milky Way. In 2015–16, lable, not just renormalizable. Work essay submitted to the 2016 Gravity with Richard Black Professor Scott has focused on symmetry breaking in Research Foundation Essay Competi- Tremaine and colleagues Jerry the model through the Colman- tion, in which it won the First Award. Ostriker and Lam Hui at Princeton Weinberg mechanism, in which radi- Further work on this is planned, and Columbia, Witten re-examined ative corrections induce a symmetry focusing on the implications of the idea that dark matter is quantum breaking potential for the third rank Adler’s proposal for gravitational mechanically “fuzzy” in a way that antisymmetric tensor scalar field of radiation traversing cosmological could resolve some of the puzzles. the model. Contrary to original distances. Additionally, Adler wrote This idea was originally proposed expectations, the model breaks the papers on collinearity constraints for in 1999 by IAS Members Rennan original symmetry not to SU(3) X three-point scattering amplitudes, and Barkana, Andrei Gruzinov, and SU(5), but rather to SU(3) X Sp(4). on proposed tests for quaternionic Wayne Hu. He has always found their Adler has made several conjectures (hypercomplex) quantum theories.

37 2015–16 members and visitors f First Term F s Second Term F m Long-term Member F v Visitor F vp Visiting Professor F jvp Junior Visiting Professor F ra Research Associate

Victor Alexandrov Clay Cordova Sanjay Jain Biology F Institute for Advanced Study Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Biology F University of Dehli F s Starr Foundation Member in Biology Study F m Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy David A. Huse Dionysios Anninos Schmidt and the U.S. Department of Energy Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics, Statistical Quantum Gravity F Institute for Advanced Study Physics F Institute for Advanced Study and Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Raffaele Tito D’Agnolo Princeton University Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Addie and Harold Broitman Member in Biology Valentin Assassi Marvin L. Goldberger Member; additional funding Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Shinta Kobayashi Infosys Member Biology F Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liang Dai Japan F v Tobias Baldauf Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study NASA Einstein Fellowship Program Juna Kollmeier AMIAS Member; additional funding provided by the Theoretical Astrophysics F Carnegie Observatories, National Science Foundation Neal Dalal Carnegie Institution of Science and Princeton Astrophysics F University of Illinois F jvp, f University F jvp Ben Bar-Or Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Foundation David Kosower Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Quantum Field Theory, Particle Physics F CEA/ and NASA Xi Dong Saclay Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell Christopher John Beem Zurich Financial Services Member Foundation Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Frank and Peggy Taplin Member; additional funding Maxime Gabella Dmitry Krotov provided by the National Science Foundation Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Biology F Institute for Advanced Study Charles L. Brown Member in Biology Timothy David Brandt Abhijit Gadde Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Doron Kushnir NASA Exoplanet Science Institute Carl Sagan Roger Dashen Member; additional funding provided Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Fellowship by the National Science Foundation John N. Bahcall Fellow

Gustavo Burdman Vera Gluscevic Sangmin Lee F F Particle Physics Universidade de São Paulo f Cosmology, Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Quantum Field Theory, String Theory F Seoul Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell Study National University Foundation Funding provided by the W. M. Keck Foundation IBM Einstein Fellow Fund John Carrasco Particle Physics F Stanford University ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS

Left: Doron Kushnir (left), John N. Bahcall Fellow, worked on problems in high-energy astrophysics, including transitions in type 1a supernovae and non-thermal processes in galaxy clusters. Right: Jennifer Lin, Schmidt Fellow, explores bulk energy conditions from relative entropy, as well as bulk reconstruction, in a high-energy theory seminar held in December.

38 Jennifer Lin Pavel Putrov Rashid Sunyaev Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Astrophysics F Max-Planck-Institut für Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Astrophysik F vp Schmidt and the U.S. Department of Energy Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting Professor Roman Rafikov Matthew Low Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study F jvp Tsvi Tlusty Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study IBM Einstein Fellow; additional funding provided by Biology F Institute for Advanced Study F m, f The Peter Svennilson Membership The Ambrose Monell Foundation Yuko Urakawa Marta Luksza Loganayagam Ramalingam Cosmology F Nagoya University F v, f Biology F Institute for Advanced Study F ra Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study F f Janssen Fellow Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Aron Wall Particle Physics, Gravity F Institute for Advanced Carlos Mafra Mauricio Romo Study String Theory F Institute for Advanced Study String Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Member; additional Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy funding provided by the National Science Foundation and the Paul Dirac Fund Yasser Roudi Juven Chun-Fan Wang Mehrdad Mirbabayi Biology F Norwegian University of Science and Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Technology Study F s Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Starr Foundation Member in Biology Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Schmidt and the National Science Foundation Tejaswi Venumadhav Nerella Kris Sigurdson Cosmology, Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Particle Astrophysics, Cosmology F University of BingKan Xue Study British Columbia F jvp Biology F Institute for Advanced Study Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Eric and Wendy Schmidt Member in Biology Schmidt and the Fund for Memberships in Natural Sciences David Simmons-Duffin Masahito Yamazaki Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study F m Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Hirosi Ooguri William D. Loughlin Member; additional funding pro- Funding provided by the Adler Family Fund Particle Physics F California Institute of vided by the U.S. Department of Energy Technology F vp, f Ellis Ye Yuan Marko Simonović Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study James Owen Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the Corning Glass Works Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the Raymond and Beverly Foundation Fellowship Fund and the U.S. Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Fellow Sackler Foundation Fund Department of Energy

Luca Peliti Douglas Stanford Nadia Zakamska Biology F Sezione di Napoli, Istituto Nazionale di Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Astrophysics F Johns Hopkins University F jvp, s Fisica Nucleare Study F m Deborah Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Founders’ Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Member in Biology Funding provided by the Simons Foundation Circle Member

David Poland Particle Physics F Yale University F jvp Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Founders’ Circle Member ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE ALL PHOTOS

Left: Visiting Professor Hirosi Ooguri worked on problems in quantum field theory, quantum gravity, and string theory.Right: Professor Matias Zaldarriaga focused on understanding clues about the earliest moments of our universe encoded in the cosmic microwave background, the faint glow of radiation generated by the Big Bang, and in the distribution of matter in the late universe.

39 Doron Kushnir on the Astrophysics Behind LIGO’s Detection On September 14, 2015, the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) observed a gravitational-wave AMY RAMSEY signal from the merger of a pair of black holes. While this impressive technological triumph was celebrated around the world, the astrophysical source that emitted the gravitational radiation reminded us to remain humble while making predictions in terra incognita. Like any antenna, the LIGO detectors were tuned to a particular frequency and to reach some sensitivity. The frequency enables LIGO to detect only mergers involving a pair of massive objects, each of which is much smaller than one thousand kilometers. We only know of two classes of such objects: neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs). The mass of an NS is roughly the mass of our Sun (one solar mass) and its radius is roughly ten kilometers (somewhat larger than Mount Everest). It is so dense that the velocity required to escape from its surface is not much smaller than the speed of light. The masses of BHs, on the other hand, vary significantly; while some of them have masses of millions or billions of solar masses with radii much larger than relevant for LIGO, some of them are smaller, with masses of roughly ten solar masses and radii of tens of kilometers, which satisfy LIGO’s frequency requirements. The velocity required to escape from a BH surface is exactly the speed of light, as the name suggests. To estimate the required sensitivity of the detectors, we must know how many pairs of each type (NS+NS, NS+BH, or BH+BH) exist in the universe and how long it would take for them to merge. This provides the rate of such mergers throughout the universe. The rarer such systems are, the larger the volume the detectors have to monitor, which in turn determines their sensitivity. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/kushnir-ligo.

Juna Kollmeier on Cosmic Calorimetry The next time you are enjoying the sun’s warm rays, think of the tremendous voyage those photons have taken to get to you. Traveling, by definition, at the speed of light they left their point of origin about eight minutes previously in a furious haul to the Earth. Our detectors are the eyes and skin, which are sensitive to visible photons and infrared photons. Our bodies absorb photons at higher and lower energies, but the effects are only noticed after time and most often, unfortunately, for the damage they have done to our biologic makeup. In these sun-filled moments, it is important to remember that the overwhelming majority of the sun’s photons will travel undisturbed for the entire future history of the universe, never meeting a planet, a person, a cell, or even another particle. The story couldn’t be more different for photons coming from the distant universe, which face the barrier of intergalactic hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most abundant atom in the universe, and it’s also the simplest and most well understood. A photon with energy above 13.6 electronvolts (or 1 Rydberg, named after the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg) can tear the sole electron away from a hydrogen atom, and thus completely ionize it. Young massive stars, supernovae and other explosions, and accreting black holes are prodigious producers of these ionizing photons. Photons with less energy or a lot more energy simply don’t wreak such hydrogenic havoc. Below this energy, some photons have the specific energy required to excite the neutral hydrogen atom, jostling its sole electron to higher energy levels as opposed to removing it completely. The electrons are excited to a higher level and eventually decay down, cascading back to the ground state. Those special photons with energies at exactly 3/4 Rydberg produce “Lyman-alpha” excitation—the transition between the ground state and the first excited energy level (and named for the discoverer Theodore Lyman). These wavelengths are beyond our vision but for very distant sources where the expansion of the universe has redshifted them to visible wavelengths. It is precisely this interplay between the hydrogen in the universe and these photons that astronomers can use to figure out the nature of photon producers over cosmic time, as well as the fundamental parameters of our universe, such as its matter content. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/kollmeier-cosmic-calorimetry.

40 Freeman Dyson on Unfashionable Pursuits and Detecting Gravitational Waves The Institute sometimes spends money on risky ventures, giving Stephen Adler on Anomalies sustained support to and Counting Quark people who work on unfashionable and Degrees of Freedom dubious projects. One The article by Wally Greenberg in the spring example of a risky 2015 Institute Letter mentions the anomalous axial venture was Einstein, current triangle diagram and describes its connec- who worked here for tion with counting quark degrees of freedom. twenty years on unified This derives from a calculation I did when a INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY ADVANCED FOR INSTITUTE field theories that never Long-term Member at the Institute in 1968, so fulfilled his hopes. Another example was Joseph Weber, who worked I thought it would be useful to describe in detail on the design of gravitational-wave detectors that failed even more the work done by me and by Bill Bardeen at the disastrously to fulfill his hopes. Institute on axial-vector or chiral anomalies. At Now we are celebrating the discovery of a real gravitational first, this work was considered to be quantum wave signal emitted from a collision of two massive black holes. field theory esoterica, but it has turned out to The discovery paradoxically proves both Einstein and Weber to have have wide and continuing implications. been both right and wrong. Einstein was right when he predicted But first, what is an axial-vector? A vector the existence of gravitational waves, wrong when he published a is a directed arrow. If you hold your right paper claiming to prove that black holes could not exist. Weber was hand up to a mirror with the thumb pointing right when he invented and constructed the first detectors of gravita- towards the mirror, you will see as the image a tional waves, wrong when he claimed that his detectors had detected left hand with the thumb pointing towards you. real gravitational signals. This reversal of direction is characteristic of a That is the way science works. Great scientists start new fields of vector under inversion of the coordinate axes science by making leaps in the dark. Nature decides which of the (in this case, inversion of the axis perpendicular leaps is right and which is wrong. Very often, as in this case, the to the mirror). But another behavior is possible: scientists who made the leaps are dead before Nature pronounces a directed arrow that remains the same under her verdict. The Institute can be proud that we supported both inversion of the coordinate axes. Such a quan- these great scientists with their risky ventures, more than half a tity is called an axial-vector or pseudovector. century before Nature proved them right and wrong. Read more Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2015/ at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/dyson-gravitational-waves. adler-anomalies.

Timothy Brandt on the Mystery of the Gamma Rays from the Galactic Center Five years ago, NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Tel escope saw more gamma rays than expected from the area around the center of our galaxy. Many scientists suggest that the extra gamma rays could be from the annihilation of dark matter particles. This exotic interpretation, however, requires ruling out all other possible sources of the gamma rays. While working at IAS as Members in the School of Natural Sciences, Bence Kocsis and I have discovered an ideal candidate source. FLIGHT CENTER SPACE GODDARD NASA’S Rapidly spinning neutron stars, called millisecond pulsars, emit gamma rays just like those seen by Fermi. They are known to be created in globular clusters, the dense stellar islands in the galactic halo beloved by astrophotographers. While the region around the galactic center has few globular clusters today, recent research suggests that it once had many. Nearly all of these clusters would have migrated inwards and dissolved, releasing their millisecond pulsars into space. The extra Fermi gamma rays may be the first direct evidence of our galaxy’s once-abundant globularclus ter population. Globular clusters are extraordinary environments. A star in the core of a globular cluster core could have hundreds of thousands of neighbors within a couple of light years; the Sun’s nearest neighbor is four light years away. The stars deflect one another gravita- tionally, driving some closer together and ejecting others out of the cluster entirely. Given enough time, the stars of a globular cluster will evaporate into space like molecules from a droplet of water. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2015/brandt-gamma-rays.

41 Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, leads a workshop of international and interdisciplinary scholars as part of the Summer Program in Social Science, which aims to enrich and expand the realm of the social sciences through the confrontation of different intellectual traditions and perspectives. School of Social Science

The School of Social Science, founded in 1973, is devoted to a multidisciplinary, comparative, and international approach to the analysis of societies and social change and the examination of historical and contemporary problems. Every year, the School designates an annual theme, although some Members are selected to pursue research in other areas.

How do people establish delimitations between and within societies, thus defining countries, nations, ethnic groups, social classes, et FACULTY

cetera? Such was the main question addressed in the 2015–16 theme Didier Fassin seminar “Borders and Boundaries.” Borders, as territorial and political James D. Wolfensohn Professor limits within which states or chiefdoms exercise their sovereignty, and boundaries, as immaterial and symbolic limits that define the relationship PROFESSORS EMERITI

between identity and difference, have long been treated as distinct Joan Wallach Scott scientific objects and analyzed in separate academic fields. Some scholars Michael Walzer studied the relations between nation-states, while others analyzed the tensions between racial or religious groups. Some worked on immigration, whereas others focused on discrimination. Yet, as recent history shows, borders and boundaries are closely linked. The so-called refugee crisis in Europe is not only a demographic question as is often assumed; it has also to do with the way in which asylum seekers are regarded and rejected as undesirable others. Indeed, if globalization has hardened rather than abolished borders, it has also produced new realities and anxieties concerning social boundaries. The migrants of yesterday have often become the second-class citizens of today. Rethinking the two domains together is thus of high relevance for the understanding of contemporary issues. Whether one considers the interactions between undocumented immigrants and Latino politics in the United States, the conflicts between neighboring countries involving oppressed minorities in Asia, the political repression of ethnic groups in Africa, or the transnational circulation of mafia and terrorist networks, the reconfiguration of borders and boundaries in both war and peace raises anew the old problems of state formation, nation-building, and social differentiation, which need to be explored in light of their genealogies and histories, colonial pasts and imperial

ANDREA KANE legacies.

43 DAN KOMODA DAN

Members Chaim Gans (left) and Abdoulaye Gueye (right) attend a Borders and Boundaries seminar, the central theme for this academic year, which brought together scholars from all disciplines to investigate external limits and internal delimitations in relation to immigration, nationality, citizenship, and race.

How to analyze the continuities most disciplines of the social sciences, questions: What is punishment? Why and discontinuities in the making presented their research, both empiri- do we punish? Who gets punished? of borders and boundaries? How cal and theoretical, and discussed clas- (an expanded version will be published to apprehend today’s insecurities sical as well as more recent works by by Oxford University Press). He was concerning immigration and identities anthropologist Fredrik Barth, sociolo- also invited to give the Adorno in relation to economic and cultural gist Andreas Wimmer, philosopher Lectures at the Goethe-Universität tensions? How to interpret the consol- Étienne Balibar, political scientist Frankfurt, for which he emphasized idation of racial, ethnic, religious James Scott, and religious studies the contrast between the valuation of differences in a context of transna- scholar Talal Asad, among others. life as a supreme good and the unequal tional circulation of goods and people? As the year went on, differences treatment of concrete lives in the How are class and gender inequalities between as well as convergences across contemporary world under the title: recomposed in the changing patterns fields were progressively identified; “Life: A Critical Anthropology” (to of the nation-state? How do public individual research was often redefined be published by Suhrkamp Verlag). policies, political parties, social move- as a result of the interactions among In parallel, following the publica- ments, and non-governmental organi- Members; a collective project eventu- tion of his diptych on the repressive zations address these issues? Around ally emerged, which will be developed state (Enforcing Order, on urban polic- such questions, twenty-five scholars during later meetings. In parallel with ing, and Prison Worlds, on the carceral from six continents, working in the seminar, a film series on the theme condition, both at Polity), Fassin twenty countries, and belonging to was proposed to the Institute commu- devoted substantial activity to engaging nity, each being followed by a public various publics around the correspond- discussion. ing issues in France: institutions such as FACULTY & EMERITI AWARDS In addition to leading this program, the National School for the Judiciary, Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn the National School for Corrections, Didier Fassin received the 2016 Gold Professor, continued his research on and the Ministries of Justice and the Medal of the Swedish Society for political and moral issues. He delivered Interior, as well as non-governmental Anthropology and Geography. the Tanner Lectures at the University organizations and general audiences, of California, Berkeley, titled “The notably at the Avignon Festival. This Joan Wallach Scott received an Will to Punish,” bringing together a led him to a broader reflection on the honorary doctorate from Concordia genealogical and ethnographic approach critical function of the social sciences University. to punishment in various times and in contemporary societies, the subject societies to answer the fundamental of the keynote lectures that opened the

44 sixth Conference on Ethnography and tute in September 2015. A collective pation as a measure of the equality of Qualitative Research in Bergamo and project, which tries to highlight the women and men in the West, needs to the fourteenth Biennial Conference of benefits and challenges for the social be criticized for it covers over many the European Association of Social sciences of doing research across fields enduring inequalities between the Anthropologists in Milan, as well as and countries, is in progress and sexes—economic, social, and political. the topic of Fassin’s acceptance speech should lead to an edited volume. The book is a synthesis of several at the Royal Swedish Academy of Professor Emerita Joan Wallach decades of scholarship by anthropolo- Sciences where he was awarded the Scott finished a book that looks at the gists, historians, and political theorists Gold Medal for Anthropology and changing ways in which the notion of whose work is influenced by feminism, Geography. To pursue this exploration secularism has been used as a political post-colonialism, post-structuralism, at a global level, he gathered scholars weapon, from the anti-clerical and psychoanalysis. It will be published working in various parts of the world campaigns of the nineteenth century next year by Princeton University in preparation of two collective to the current attacks on Islam. She is Press (title still to be determined). volumes: one on the contribution of particularly interested in the ways in This work and Scott’s book, The Poli- ethnography to the understanding of which gender figures in this discourse. tics of the Veil (on controversies about policing, forthcoming at Chicago Contrary to current claims that gender Muslim women’s dress in France), University Press; the other on ques- equality and secularism are synony- have made her an important commen- tions posed by the public presence of mous, Scott finds that gender inequal- tator on continuing debates about social scientists in diverse contexts, ity was a foundational aspect for the Muslim immigrants in France and forthcoming at Duke University Press. representation of modern Western elsewhere in Western Europe. Finally, the Summer Program in nation-states. When women won the In addition to her work on secular- Social Science for early career scholars vote, references to the so-called natu- ism, Scott writes about the philosophy from Latin America, the Middle East, ral difference between the sexes were and practice of history. She has been and Africa was successfully carried on crucial for ideas of social organization interested particularly in the intersec- for a second meeting at the École des and their implementation. Even the tions of psychoanalysis and history, Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, current emphasis, in the “clash of civi- asking how notions of the unconscious Paris, after a first session at the Insti- lizations” polemic, on sexual emanci- can be used to better understand the ANDREA KANE

Member Linda Bosniak, whose project explored the effects of unauthorized migration on the insular ethical orders of liberal states, leads a Social Science Lunch Seminar titled “Unapologetic: Wrongs, Rights, and Irregular Immigrants.”

45 ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS

Left: Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, and Nicola Di Cosmo, Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies in the School of Historical Studies, hold a two-day workshop, “Non-State War Economies,” to explore the economic dimensions of warfare. Right: Participants, including Carolyn Nordstrom (left) and Jonathan Benthall (right), examine the complex relationships between warfare and the economy from an interdisciplinary perspective.

actions of groups and individuals in the Advisory Council of the Research Conversations with Hugh Gusterson, the unfolding of what become histori- Libraries of the NYPL. a Member in 2014–15, who recently cal events. Her keynote address to a She continues to serve on the published a fine book on drones, were conference of Swedish historians and Committee on Academic Freedom and a big help in this project. philosophers of history in October Tenure of the American Association of He has also been writing about, and 2015 was called “Psychoanalysis and University Professors. In that role she may produce a book about, issues in the Indeterminacy of History.” Her was one of the authors of a long report American foreign policy—once again keynote to the Conference of Swiss on “The History, Uses and Abuses of having to do chiefly with the use of Historians in June 2106 was titled Title IX,” available at www.aaup.org/ force abroad: humanitarian interven- “History and Power.” file/TitleIX_final.pdf. She is now tion, regime change, etc. He will also Scott lectured on the topics of working with a team on the question write about our contribution to global secularism and history at a number of the impact of national security justice and injustice and our engage- of universities. She held the Chaire concerns on academic freedom, partic- ment and non-engagement with the Suzanne Tassier-Charlier at the ularly of scientific researchers. United Nations and the International Université Libre de Bruxelles in March Since the publication of The Paradox Criminal Court. This work obviously 2016. She gave the Kantorowicz of Liberation: Secular Revolutions and overlaps with the School’s theme for lecture at Goethe-Universität Frank- Religious Counter-revolutions in 2015, 2015–16: Borders and Boundaries. furt, as well as talks at the Helsinki Professor Emeritus Michael Walzer He joined in the work of the small Collegium and Concordia University, has continued to think about, talk seminar devoted to that theme and Montreal, where she was the recipient with colleagues about, and lecture on greatly enjoyed the discussions there— of an honorary degree. Scott has a the unexpected revival of religious especially on immigration and the long-term position as an affiliated faith and zealotry and its effects on rights of refugees and migrant workers. scholar in the History Department at political life. Religious zeal makes for Walzer also traveled a lot in 2015– the Graduate Center, The City war and terror, so this new interest 16, lecturing at Georgetown, Brandeis, University of New York. connects with his old and ongoing Duke, and Tel Aviv universities, and Scott’s professional activity led her engagement with questions about at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski to participate in a series of successful morality and the use of force. He University in Warsaw, at Boston protests about changes in the research finished this past year a long essay College, the University of Wisconsin functions of the New York Public (forthcoming in Daedalus) on the use in Madison, and the U.S. Military Library. She was recently appointed to of drones by the U.S. government. Academy at West Point.

46 2015–16 members and visitors f First Term F s Second Term F v Visitor

Ari Adut Chaim Gans Francesca Merlan Sociology F The University of Texas at Austin Political Theory F Tel Aviv University Anthropology F The Australian National University Angel Aedo Alice Goffman Wolfensohn Family Foundation Member Anthropology F Pontificia Universidad Católica Sociology F University of Wisconsin–Madison de Chile Basile Ndjio Carol C. Gould Anthropology F University of Douala Tugba Basaran Political Philosophy F The Graduate Center, Political Science F University of Kent F v The City University of New York Paul Nugent Political Science, History F The University Linda Bosniak Abdoulaye Gueye of Edinburgh Law, Legal Theory F Rutgers, The State University Race Studies F University of Ottawa of New Jersey Rhacel Salazar Parreñas Tod G. Hamilton Sociology F University of Southern California Serguey Braguinsky Immigration, Health, and Race F Princeton Deutsche Bank Member Economics, Development, Industry Behavior F University Carnegie Mellon University Deutsche Bank Member Sylvain Perdigon Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., and Annette L. Nazareth Anthropology F American University of Beirut Member Enze Han Funding provided by the Florence Gould Foundation Political Science F University of London Fund David Ciepley Friends Founders’ Circle Member Political Theory and Intellectual History F Ellen Stroud The University of Denver Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet History F Bryn Mawr College F v, s Frederick Burkhardt Fellowship funded by the History F University of Pennsylvania American Council of Learned Societies Kristin Surak Nannerl O. Keohane Political Sociology F University of London Brian Connolly Political Theory F Princeton University F v, f Richard B. Fisher Member History F University of South Florida Monica Kim Miriam Ticktin Anne-Claire Defossez History F New York University Anthropology, Medicine, Theories of Feminism F Sociology and Political Science F Institute for AMIAS Member The New School for Social Research Advanced Study F v Beth Lew-Williams Jennifer A. Widner Paulina Faba History F Princeton University F v Politics, International Affairs F Princeton F F University F v Anthropology Universidad Alberto Hurtado v Duncan McCargo Ilana Feldman Politics F University of Leeds F v Anthropology and History F George Washington Maurizio Meloni University Sociology F University of Sheffield F v, f Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member ANDREA KANE DAN KOMODA DAN

Left: AMIAS Member Monica Kim (left) worked on a trans-Pacific history of decolonization; Member Alice Goffman (right) investigated the formation of human bonds and human identity. Right: Ilana Feldman, Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member, worked to provide a comprehensive account of the Palestinian experience of living with humanitarian assistance across time and space.

47 Didier Fassin on the Moral World of Institutions Moral economies represent the production, circulation, and appropriation of values and affects regarding a given social issue. Consequently, they characterize for a

particular historical moment and a DIDIER FASSIN specific social world the manner in which this issue is constituted through judgments and sentiments that gradually come to define a sort of common sense and collective understanding of the problem. Thus, one can speak of the moral economy of asylum to characterize the transformations of values and affects around the question of refugees: positively valued and emotion- ally charged in the 1970s and 1980s, when persecutions by Latin American

KUNSTHISTORISCHES KUNSTHISTORISCHES MUSEUM, VIENNA and Southeast Asian dictatorships turned them respectively into heroes or victims, the figure of the asylum seeker was gradually modified to make way Brian Connolly on the in the 1990s for the image of the “fake refugee,” stirring mistrust whether he Bourgeois Family or she came from the Democratic Republic of Congo or Chechnya, Bangla- Why do we still prohibit incest? Despite desh or Haiti. Obviously, it is less the objective reality of the persecutions our sense that the incest taboo is universal, that has evolved than the subjective approach that one has of it. In the same beyond question, it is in fact neither way, the moral economy of punishment involves the appropriateness and consistent nor universal. The prohibition fairness of the sentence, which change over time: the rehabilitative paradigm of incest has existed across cultures and of the sanction, which was dominant until the 1970s, has been replaced by a epochs, but it has varied in significant ways retributive one, but this punitive turn has disproportionately affected disad- to perform specific political, social, and vantaged minorities by focusing repression on certain types of offenses, such moral work at specific moments. And we as drug use, while overlooking others, such as financial crime. As can be seen, should be willing to ask: what cultural moral economies do not characterize a specific group or activity––we do not work does our incest taboo perform? speak of the moral economies of judges or of justice––but of a social fact— To answer that question, we need to here, asylum or punishment. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/fassin- turn to the nineteenth-century United heart-of-the-state. States, when the meaning of incest had to do with complicated concerns about the middle-class family. Now a cornerstone Jill Locke on the of U.S. political life, the middle-class family—in its modern form as a cultural Death of Shame center of feeling, class, and consumption— This is is a book about a phenom- had not existed in previous eras. And this enon I call The Lament That Shame new bourgeois experience of family, in its Is Dead. The Lament is a nostalgic sentimentality and its encouragement of story of an imagined past that effusive affection, was both valued as a represents a longing for a mythi- source of national morality and feared as cal place and time when shame a dangerous nest of eroticism. secured and regulated social life. That sentiment and effusion are still It operates as a narrative of civili- with us now. This is because the modern zational decline that expresses a © TATE, LONDON 2015/© 2016 ESTATE OF PAUL OF PAUL ESTATE 2016 2015/© LONDON TATE, © YORK RIGHTS SOCIETY (ARS), NEW DELVAUX/ARTISTS subject—the individual whose political fear of untethered, autochthonous, relevance both the right and the left, though self-fashioning and self-authenticating subjects who wreak havoc on the social in different ways, extol—is fundamentally order and status quo. These subjects are named and disciplined as “shameless” conditioned by the bourgeois family. The threats who operate with an unfettered and unregulated desire to fulfill their bourgeois family cannot be a site of intimacy own needs above and beyond any concern for others. They are positioned as without the hovering threat of incest; thus, lacking reflection, judgement, and regard for others, and characterized as natural the modern individual, too, is never free forces—rushing rivers and raging seas that need civilization’s dikes, levees, and from the threat of incest. Read more at canals to harness their nonreflective and uncivilized urges and passions. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/connolly-incest. www.ias.edu/ideas/locke-democracy-and-death-shame.

48 Joan Wallach Scott on the Veil and French Republicanism The official French preoccupation with the veil exceeds that of most other countries in Western

Europe. In the Anglo- IMAGES BRONSTEIN/GETTY PAULA American world, even post-

REUTERS Duncan McCargo on 9/11, the veil is not seen as the flag of an insurrection; nor is the suppression of ethnic, racial, and Military Coups religious differences a requirement for inclusion in the nation. A line from The number of military coups and coup attempts since the American poet Walt Whitman captures something of the way diversity 1950 currently stands at around 530, an astonishing is celebrated here: “I am large, I contain multitudes,” he wrote. This is number. We tend to have a very specific notion of not to say that there aren’t terrible and enduring problems of discrimina- a military coup: a military coup is something that tion based on differences (of race especially) in the U.S., just to note that rarely takes place; is characteristic of particular differences are here recognized as part of the national heritage. They are kinds of countries—perhaps Latin American states; tracked in the census, documented in official data collections, understood and belongs mainly to a limited historical period, to be the source of our cultural richness. Hyphenated designations (Afri- the heyday of the coup era, during the late 1960s can-American, Italian-American, Jewish-American, Muslim-American) and early 1970s. We think of it as a form of regime signal acceptance of the fact that political and cultural identities can change belonging to the post-independence period, co-exist without damaging the essential unity of the nation. . . . It is vast when lots of new nations were having trouble inequalities of wealth and not communal affiliations that are dividing the consolidating their political institutions and finding electorate and our politicians in the U.S. right now. ways to manage power transitions. For these reasons, the French obsession with the veil seems to many Most of our basic assumptions about coups of us to have taken the form of what Emmanuel Terray diagnosed in do not stand up to close scrutiny. During their 2004 as “political hysteria.” The furious rhetoric, dire warnings, and heyday, coups were as common a way of changing punitive laws directed at articles of women’s clothing (hijab, voile regime as any other method: power changed intégrale, abaya) seem excessive, if not unreasonable. The warning in hands as frequently as through elections, and much 1989 from Alain Finkielkraut, Elisabeth Badinter, and others that failure more frequently than through popular uprisings to ban the hijab in schools would become “the Munich” of the Republic or revolutions. . . . While the overall number of led some of us to wonder how these supposedly serious intellectuals coups has declined in recent decades, since 2010 could so overstate their case. In recent days, Laurence Rossignol’s comment there have been about twenty-nine coups or coup likening wearing the veil to submitting oneself to slavery elicited a similar attempts, around four or five a year . . . rather response—did she have any idea of the history to which she was referring? more than we might expect. Read more at Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/scott-veil-in-france. www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/mccargo-coups.

Ilana Feldman on Palestinian Refugees In 1948, approximately 750,000 Palestinians were displaced from their homes, going both to neighboring countries such as Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon, and to the parts of Mandate Palestine that became the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. These refugees have never been allowed to return to their homes, and today there are five million Palestinian refugees registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), the body charged with providing assistance to Palestinians across the Middle East, 1.5 million of whom live in one of the fifty-eight official UNRWA camps. Humanitarian assistance to refugees was first provided by UN-commissioned TAGHRID MOHAMMAD/UNRWA TAGHRID “volunteer agencies”: the American Friends Service Committee, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and the League of Red Cross Societies. As the longevity of the crisis became apparent, the UN established UNRWA as the agency responsible for providing assistance to Palestinians in the five primary fields of displacement. This assistance has changed significantly over the years as the emergency of flight ebbed into the chronic need of long-term displacement. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/feldman-refugee-humanitarian.

49 The internationally acclaimed ensemble Music from Copland House performs with composer and clarinetist Derek Bermel (right), Artist-in-Residence (2009–13), at the Institute in March as part of the Edward T. Cone Concert Series led by current Artist-in-Residence Sebastian Currier.

50 Special Programs and Outreach

The Institute for Advanced Study is committed to the idea that science and learning transcend all geographic boundaries and scholastic disciplines, and that scholars and scientists are members of one commonwealth of the mind. It engages with the greater Princeton community through public lectures, concerts, and events, and extends its influence beyond academia through innovative programs designed to inspire and educate.

Beyond the work that takes place in the four Schools, the Institute’s scope is broadened and enhanced by its special programs, which contribute much SPECIAL PROGRAMS to the vitality of the Institute. Program in The Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, directed by Professor Piet Hut, Interdisciplinary Studies explores ways of viewing the world that span a range of disciplines from com- Director’s Visitors putational astrophysics, geology, and paleontology to artificialint elligence, cognitive psychology, and philosophy. Artist-in-Residence The Director’s Visitor program enables the Director to invite scholars from a Program variety of fields, including areas not represented within the four Schools, to par- OUTREACH ticipate in the range of intellectual and social activities at the Institute. Beginning with Director J. Robert Oppenheimer (1947–66) and formalized by Director IAS/Park City Harry Woolf (1976–87), the program has included nearly eighty scholars invited Mathematics Institute as Director’s Visitors, including philosopher Paul Benacerraf, biochemist Paul Program for Women and Berg, political theorist Isaiah Berlin, former U.S. Ambassador William H. Luers, Mathematics and writer Sylvia Nasar. Prospects in Theoretical Throughout each academic year, the Institute offers lectures and special events Physics that are open to the public, as well as the Edward T. Cone Concert Series and talks Science Initiative Group organized by the Institute’s Artist-in-Residence. The Artist-in-Residence Program was established in 1994 to create a musical presence within the Institute community, and to have in residence a person whose work could be experienced and appreciated by scholars from all disciplines. Artists-in-Residence have included Robert Taub, Jon Magnussen, Paul Moravec, Derek Bermel, and, as of 2013, Sebastian Currier. The Institute also engages in outreach beyond its local community. Since 1994, the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute has integrated mathematics educators, researchers, and students through innovative programs. The Program for Women and Mathematics, sponsored jointly with Princeton University, provides substan- tive mathematics content as well as practical encouragement for women to pursue careers in the field of mathematics. The School of Natural Sciences sponsors Prospects in Theoretical Physics, a two-week residential summer program held at the Institute for exceptionally promising graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. In 1999, the Institute created the Science Initiative Group, an international team of scientific leaders

DAN KOMODA DAN and supporters dedicated to fostering science in developing countries.

51 SPECIAL PROGRAMS PROGRAM IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES ANDREA KANE

Visitors in the Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, led by Professor Piet Hut, explore diverse areas of scholarship.

Professor Piet Hut, head of the Institute’s Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, is currently interested in the origin of cognition, or more precisely the spontaneous emergence of autonomous agents in complex systems. A wider interest is the general question about the relationship between a reductionistic analysis and a study of the nature of emergent properties in complex systems. And an over- arching interest is the notion of metacognition, or “knowledge of knowledge,” in the form of multidisciplinary investigations of the circularity of cognition, from reflection in computer science to reflexivity in social science. In pursuit of these questions, Hut interacted with Visitors in his Program covering a range of areas—from astrophysics, astrobiology, geophysics, physics of complex systems, mathematics, statistics, geochemistry, biochemistry, bioinformatics, geomicrobiology, computer science, neuroscience, and artificial life to linguistics, pragmatics, sociology, political science, cognitive science, literature, art history, psychology, and philosophy. At the Institute, Hut continued to lead the After Hours Conversations series, together with colleagues Didier Fassin from the School of Social Science, Patrick Geary from the School of Historical Studies, and Helmut Hofer from the School of Mathematics. These conversations were held in Harry’s Bar twice a week for a period of two months during each term, and they were widely seen as an effective way to encourage inter-School communication. Hut continued his association with ELSI, the Earth-Life Science Institute at the Tokyo Institute for Technology, as a foreign Principle Investigator and Councilor. Launched at the end of 2012, ELSI is focused on the study of the origins and evolution of life on Earth, as well as possibly on other planets, within the context of geology and astrophysics. In July 2015, Hut and collaborators at ELSI won a substantial grant, for which he was the Principle Investigator, from the John Templeton Foundation for the establishment of EON, the ELSI Origins Network. This network strengthens the connections between broadly interdisciplinary collaborations in the field of origins of life in particular, and of origins of life-like processes in general, in natural as well as social sciences. In August 2015, Hut organized a three-week summer school in Kobe, Japan, titled 2015–16 visitors “Towards an Integrative Approach to the Study of Awareness.” The school’s eighteen part- f First Term F s Second Term time teachers and twenty full-time students were drawn from a large range of disciplines, Catherine Chung including neuroscience, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, artificial life, robotics, logic, Writing F Adelphi University F s high-performance computing, psychology, and philosophy, in particular phenomenology. Henderson (Jim) Cleaves Hut continued his involvement with the B612 Foundation, dedicated to trying to Chemistry F Carnegie Institution of Washington protect the Earth from asteroid impacts. As a cofounder, he served for more than ten Douglas Duckworth years as a Member of the Board, and he currently holds the position of Strategic Advisor. Philosophy F Temple University

onato iovannelli on arth s ast rontier Donato Giovannelli D G E ’ L F Biology F Rutgers, The State University of It should come as no surprise that our planet was nick- New Jersey named “the pale blue dot” in the wake of the 1990s Reiner Grundmann iconic photograph taken by Voyager. Approximately 68 Sociology F University of Nottingham F s percent of Earth’s surface is covered with water—with Hyun Ok Park an average depth of 3,800 meters, most of Earth’s East Asian Studies F York University F f oceans are well within the realm of the deep sea and Michael Th. Rassias represent 95 percent of the global biosphere. Although Mathematical Analysis, Analytic Number the deep sea is the largest and least explored habitat on Theory F Universität Zürich Earth, our knowledge of the biodiversity and functioning of the deep-sea ecosystem is Edwin L. Turner incomplete at best. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/giovannelli-last-frontier. Astrophysics F Princeton University

52 ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE PROGRAM

Composer Sebastian Currier, the Institute’s Artist- in-Residence, curated the 2015–16 Edward T. Cone Concert Series, which featured performances by Amer- ican Brass Quintet; Rolf Schulte, James Winn, and Lucy Shelton; New Millennium Ensemble; and Music from Copland House and works such as Currier’s Cadence, Fugue, Fade, György Kurtag’s Kafka Fragments, Laura Schwendinger’s High Wire Act, and former Artist- in-Residence Derek Bermel’s Death with Interruptions. Additionally, Currier organized the Artists Present Series, which included talks with writers Catherine Chung, Visitor in the Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, Zia Haider Rahman, and Tracy K. Smith, as well as musicians from the Signum Quartet. During the 2015–16 academic year, two new works by Currier were premiered. The Boston Symphony ANDREA KANE ANDREA KANE performed Divisions, a work they co-commissioned, first in Boston at Symphony Hall, and then in New York Top left: Tracy K. Smith reads from her memoir, Ordinary Light, as part of the Artists Present Series. Bottom left: Visitor Catherine Chung speaks on The Tenth Muse, a novel at Carnegie Hall. The Cincinnati Symphony gave the she worked on at IAS. Right: Sebastian Currier attends a farewell reception in his world premier of Flex, a concerto for orchestra. honor, marking his final year as the Institute’s Artist-in-Residence.

DIRECTOR’S VISITORS

Journalist K.C. Cole, Professor at the University of Southern California, organized a special edition of the conversation series Categorically Not! at IAS. The theme of the event, as well as her research, was real and imagined boundaries, limits, and horizons within and between disciplines. Her work at IAS represented a sequel of sorts to her recent book, a biography of her mentor, the late Frank Oppenheimer.

Carmela Vircillo Franklin, Institute Trustee and Professor of Classics at Columbia University, engaged in reconstructing the lost Liber Pontificalis [Book of the Popes] of the twelfth century for a critical edition to be published in the Monumenta Germaniae Historica.

Theoretical physicist Marc Henneaux, Professor at the Université Libre de Brux- elles and Director of the International Solvay Institutes, pursued research on

DAN KOMODA DAN duality for higher-spin gauge fields and The Institute and Nautilus magazine presented a special edition of the Categorically Not! continued writing, in collaboration with conversation series, organized by Director’s Visitor K.C. Cole, in the spring. Its theme, On Volodia Belinski, a book describing the the Edge, explored real and imagined boundaries, limits, and horizons through the lenses of physics, medicine, photography, and anthropology. For videos of the event’s talks, visit BKL chaotic behavior of the gravitational www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/cole-categorically-not. field near a generic space-like singularity.

53 OUTREACH PARK CITY MATHEMATICS INSTITUTE DAVE TITENSOR DAVE Participants of PCMI gather in Park City, Utah, to explore “The Mathematics of Data.” Those in attendance pursued individual courses of study while engaging in meaningful interactions with peers and those from different parts of the mathematical community.

The IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute (PCMI) is an intensive three-week summer outreach program, held annually in Park City, Utah, which includes several parallel programs and activities for different groups across the entire mathematical community. Established in 1991 by a grant from the National Science Foundation, PCMI has been an Institute program since 1994, and it is currently funded by major grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Security Agency, and Math for America, as well as grants from other private foundations and individuals. Rafe Mazzeo of Stanford University is the current Director of PCMI. The component programs of PCMI include a workshop for mathematics researchers, nine mini-courses for graduate students, two lecture series for undergraduate students, a program for faculty from predominantly undergraduate institutions, a workshop for mentors of undergraduate students from underrepresented groups, a teacher leadership program for K–12 teachers, an international seminar on mathematics education, and a short course for high school students. Together these programs have over 325 participants. PCMI is a very successful effort toward vertical integration, with participants from different groups interacting with each other both scientifically and socially. Each year, a different research theme is chosen, and a set of organizers who are specialists on the topic shape the program. The theme for 2016, “The Mathematics of Data,” was organized by John Duchi (Stanford University), Anna Gilbert (University of Michigan), and Michael Mahoney (University of California, Berkeley). One of the major goals of the program was to bring together a diverse set of participants from mathematics, statistics, and computer science in both universities and industry, all of whom are contributing to various mathematical aspects of this field, to interact and learn from one another. PCMI 2016 also included a special program on the cutting-edge topic of differential privacy, which was funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Founda- tion. The participants in the Undergraduate Summer School attended lectures on “Data Analysis with Wavelets and Other Mathematical Tools” and “Visualizing and Learning the Structure in Data.” The Undergraduate Faculty Program participants focused on writing a document to serve as a guide for best practices in creating a data science program in an undergraduate institution. The Workshop for Mentors focused on designing programs and identifying resources to support participation by undergraduates from underrepresented groups in mathematical research. The Teacher Leadership Program hosted sixty-two teachers from across the country who came together to learn new mathematics, reflect on best pedagogical practices, and create new materials for their own and other classrooms. During the summer session, the participating teachers planned academic year activities to extend the impact of this program, including a series of weekend workshops to be held in Philadelphia; Greenville, South Carolina; Oakland; Los Angeles; and the Boston area during the 2016–17 school year. The International Seminar, “Mathematics Education Around the World: Bridging Policy and Practice,” brought together participants from Argentina, Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, and the United States to engage in a dialogue on the role of data analysis and quantitative literacy in the preparation of mathematics teachers and the development of secondary mathematics curricula. Three senior scholars were appointed for PCMI 2016, and they interacted with participants in all of the PCMI programs: Leon Bottou (Facebook AI Research); Peter Bühlmann (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich); and former IAS Visitor (2001–02) Charles Epstein (University of Pennsylvania). The research theme for PCMI 2017 will be “Random Matrices,” organized by Alexei Borodin (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Ivan Corwin (Columbia University), and Alice Guionnet (École Normale Supérieure de Lyon). To learn more about the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute, including information about the application process, visit http://pcmi.ias.edu.

54 PROGRAM FOR WOMEN AND MATHEMATICS

The twenty-third annual Program for Women and Mathematics, “Curves, Loops, and Words in Geom- etry,” was held at the Institute for Advanced Study from May 9–20, 2016. Program activities were sponsored by the Institute and Princeton University and generously supported by the National Science Foundation. Program Manager Christine Taylor of Princeton University, Sun-Yung Alice Chang of Princeton University, and Dusa McDuff of Barnard College, all former Members in the School of Mathematics, organized the 2016 Program for Women in Mathe-

matics, which included lectures and research semi- ANDREA KANE nars, panels, and colloquia. Beginner lectures were Priyam Patel of Purdue University leads a research seminar on building hyperbolic given on “Computer-Driven Questions and Theo- metrics for closed curves. rems in Geometry,” by Moira Chas of Stony Brook University, and on “Closed Geodesics on Surfaces,” by Nancy Hingston of the College of New Jersey and former Member in the School of Mathematics. Advanced lectures included “Counting and Growth” by Moon Duchin of Tufts University and “Structures on the Free Loop Space” by Nathalie Wahl of the University of Copenhagen. In addition to lectures and research seminars, participants engaged in evening Women-in-Science seminars and panel discussions on topics including mathematical career options in and out of academia, mathematical professional development, work-life balance, and the personal and professional identities of a mathematician. Sandi Peterson, Institute Trustee, and Kathy Wengel, both of Johnson & Johnson, presented a special lecture sharing their life experiences in the modern corporate world; subsequently Johnson & Johnson Corporation has created up to ten summer internships in Data Science and Supply Chain Management for Women and Mathematics alumnae, beginning in the summer of 2017.

The twenty-third Program for Women and Mathematics focused on curves, loops, and words in geometry with lectures exploring a range of topics, including computer-driven questions and theorems in geometry; closed geodesics on surfaces; counting and growth; and structures on the free loop space. Participants also engaged in local outreach events, including a 5k community run and mathematical projects for students at Littlebrook Elementary School.

PHOTO CREDITS, CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: ANDREA KANE, ANDREA KANE, DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE 55 PROSPECTS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS

Prospects in Theoretical Physics (PiTP) is an intensive two-week summer program designed for graduate students and postdoctoral scholars considering careers in theoretical physics. First held by the School of Natural Sciences in the summer of 2002, the PiTP program is designed to provide lectures and informal sessions on the latest advances and open questions in areas of theoretical physics. The Institute’s fifteenth annual PiTP summer program, “Computational Plasma Astrophysics,” held July 18–29, 2016, on the Institute campus, was organized by Scott Tremaine, Richard Black Professor in the School of Natural Sciences, along with Anatoly Spitkovsky and Jim Stone of Princeton University and former Member Peter Teuben of the University of Maryland, and cosponsored by IAS, the Max-Planck- Princeton Center for Fusion and Astro Plasma Physics, and the Black Hole Accre- tion Theory and Computation Network (the Horizon collaboration). The lectures covered algorithms for numerical magnetohydrodynamics, kinetic simulations, radiation MHD, and MHD in dynamic spacetimes; applications to accretion disks, jets, star formation, and other systems; and topics such as visualization, software engineering, and emerging architectures for high- performance computing. The full PiTP 2016 program and videos of talks may be viewed at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/pitp.

The Institute’s fifteenth annual Program in Theoretical Physics, organized by Richard Black Professor Scott Tremaine, explored computational plasma astrophysics through a series of lectures on topics including algorithms for numerical magnetohydrodynamics, kinetic simulations, radiation MHD, and MHD in dynamic spacetimes; applications to accretion disks, jets, star formation, and other systems; and topics such as visualization, software engineering, and emerging architectures for high-performance computing. Videos of talks may be viewed at www.ias.edu/ideas/2016/pitp.

56 ALL PHOTOS ON PAGE ANDREA KANE SCIENCE INITIATIVE GROUP

The Science Initiative Group (SIG), an IAS outreach program since 1999, fosters scientific research in developing countries. Since 2008, SIG has focused on the Regional Initiative in Science and Education (RISE), which supports African scientists pursuing advanced degrees through university-based networks on their home continent. When RISE was established, a goal was to incubate the initiative at the IAS and ultimately transfer it to a secretariat in Africa—just as SIG’s earlier project, the Millennium Science Initiative, was adopted by its host countries, Chile, Brazil, and Uganda. That transition is poised to happen; an African partner organization is preparing to assume responsibility for a new phase of RISE in 2017. ALL PHOTOS SCIENCE INITIATIVE GROUP SCIENCE INITIATIVE ALL PHOTOS

RISE participants explore fields of study across the sciences, with a range of focus that includes geohydrology, natural product technology, mechanical engineering, physics, chemisty, and more. Scientists and engineers conduct university-based, regional research in pursuit of advanced academic degrees.

Celebration RISE held the capstone meeting of its eight years under SIG management in April in Nairobi. Nearly half of the 180 RISE doctoral and master’s degree recipients and students, joined by academic leaders, gathered to share experiences, learn from one another, and imagine their futures as the architects of Africa’s development. The event opened with the premiere of a short film about RISE (bit.ly/rise_film). Featuring many of the scholars present, the film set the tone for the four-day gathering, which was a celebration and showcase; a networking opportunity where inter-university partnerships were reinforced and research collaborations established; and a forum to plan the next phase of RISE as a fully Africa-owned initiative.

Scholar Recognition A highlight of the meeting was the announcement of the recipients, selected in a competition among RISE Ph.D. graduates, of $25,000 seed grants to develop research groups in African institutions. The five winners will form groups in bioinformatics at the University of Malawi; materials science at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; groundwater and surface water interactions at Rhodes University, South Africa; natural products at Makerere University, Uganda; and computation and modeling at the University of Dodoma, Tanzania. Also announced were the winners of the inaugural AMMSI-Phillip Griffiths Prize, awarded to African mathematicians who have made outstanding contributions to mathematics or its applications. The awards, including a $6,000 cash prize, were made possible by a donation from Phillip Griffiths, Professor Emeritus in the School of Mathematics, to RISE affiliate network AMMSI (African Mathematics Millennium Science Initiative) upon receipt of the Chern Medal in 2014. The awards were conferred at a ceremony at the Institute. For more information, visit https://sig.ias.edu.

57 RECORD OF EVENTS

School of Historical Studies October 21 November 5 Early Modern Europe Seminar F Appetite, Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F September 22 Moral Order, and the Nature of Things: Hamlet For a Thousand Li There Were No Cooking Fires: Medieval Seminar F First Term Introductions F and Hunting F Rhodri Lewis, University of Framing Devastation in the Ming-Qing Transition F Patrick J. Geary, Professor, School of Oxford; Member, School of Historical Studies Kenneth Swope, University of Southern Historical Studies Mississippi; Member, School of Historical Islamicist Seminar F The Transmission of an Idea, Studies September 24 the Genealogy of Its Sentence: The “World of Image” Historical Studies Public Event F Reading from (‘ a¯ lam al-mitha¯ l) from the Twelfth Century up until November 10 “Wall-Flower” F Rita Kuczynski, German Today F Eric (L.W.C.) van Lit, Yale University Ancient Studies Seminar F Connoisseurs, Novelist and Author Amateurs, Poseurs, and Other People Interested October 22 in Ancient Realia in Roman Anatolia F Felipe September 29 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Rojas, Brown University; Member, School of Medieval Seminar F Heito of Reichenau—“Visio Ancient Rome: The First Modern Economy F Historical Studies Wettini” F Albrecht Diem, Syracuse University; Willem Jongman, University of Groningen; Member, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Medieval Seminar F Signs of Power: Astrology, Cosmology, and Philosophy in Late Medieval October 1 October 26 Prague F Eric Ramírez-Weaver, University of Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F First East Asian Studies Seminar F Atatürk through Virginia; Member, School of Historical Studies Term Introductions F Jonathan Israel, Andrew Chinese Eyes F Giray Fidan, Princeton W. Mellon Professor, School of Historical University November 12 Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F October 27 Transformations of the Image in the Age of the October 5 Ancient Studies Seminar F When Darkness Falls Mass Media F Jeffrey Barash, Université de East Asian Studies Seminar F The Court of in the Roman Empire: Historical Aspects of the Night Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens; Member, School of Qubilai Qa’an: A Perso-Mongol Perspective F in the Imperial Period F Angelos Chaniotis, Historical Studies Hodong Kim, Seoul National University; Professor, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies November 16 Medieval Seminar F Reconstructing Noble Family East Asian Studies Seminar F A Shang Village October 6 Archives, Remaking Family Histories (Medieval and What It Suggests about the Shang Economy F Medieval Seminar F With Practice, Skill, and and Early Modern Portugal): Recovered Voices, Rod Campbell, Institute for the Study of the Cunning: Hunting, Culture, and Identity in the Newfound Questions F Maria de Lurdes Rosa, Ancient World, New York University Frankish World, 315–987 F Eric Goldberg, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Member, School Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Member, of Historical Studies November 17 School of Historical Studies Ancient Studies Seminar F “Templum caelesti October 28 iudicio saepe damnatum”: The Exemplarity of October 8 Islamicist Seminar F Studying the Transmission the Capitolium’s Cycle of Destructions in Late Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F and Development of Ibn al-Nafı¯s’s Physiology in the Antiquity F Jason Moralee, University of Whose Emotions? The Perception of Music as Mamluk-Era Commentaries on the Qa¯nu¯n and the Massachusetts; Member, School of Historical Autobiography F Mark Evan Bonds, The Mu¯jiz F Nahyan Fancy, DePauw University; Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Member, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Law and Colonialism Sub-group F “In the October 29 Colonies, Black Lives Don’t Count”: Official October 13 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F In Ibn Anticommunism, Extraparliamentary Legislation, and Medieval Seminar F Mary’s Mountain: The al-Nafı¯s’s Shadow: Arabic Medical Commentaries Judicial Irregularity in Interwar Overseas France F Transformations of the Capitol in the Middle Ages, during the Mamluk Period, 1260–1516 F Meredith Terretta, University of Ottawa; 500 –1143 F Jason Moralee, University of Nahyan Fancy, Depauw University; Member, Member, School of Historical Studies Massachusetts; Member, School of Historical School of Historical Studies Studies Medieval Seminar F Inscribed in the Book of Life: November 2 Transformation and Transmission of Citizenship October 15 East Asian Studies Seminar F Thinking about in Merovingian Liturgical Sources F Els Rose, Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Wars of Necessity and Wars of Choice: The Song Utrecht University; Member, School of Liberated Africans in the Indian Ocean World F Wars with the Tangut Xi Xia, ca. 1038–85 F Paul Historical Studies Matthew Hopper, California Polytechnic Smith, Haverford College; Member, School of State University, San Luis Obispo; Member, Historical Studies November 18 School of Historical Studies Early Modern Europe Seminar F Insect Artifice: November 3 The Metamorphosis of Nature during the Dutch October 19 Medieval Seminar F Tracing the Lineaments of a Revolt F Marisa Bass, Washington University East Asian Studies Seminar F On the Transnational Lost Book F Courtney Booker, The University in St. Louis; Member, School of Historical Destruction of Cities: What Japan and the United of British Columbia; Member, School of Studies States Learned from the Bombing of Britain and Historical Studies Germany in World War II F Sheldon Garon, Princeton University

58 Islamicist Seminar F Shar‘ification and December 2 December 16 Russification: How did Muslims Divide Their Islamicist Seminar F Fixing the Past: Hafiz-i Abru Art History Seminar F Hybridity and the Global Inheritance in Imperial Russia? F Rozaliya and the “Jami` al-tawarikh” F Stefan Kamola, Turn in Japanese Art History F Christine Guth, Garipova, University of Pennsylvania; Member, Princeton University Royal College of Art; Member, School of School of Historical Studies Historical Studies Law and Colonialism Sub-group F Subjects, November 19 Citizens, and Aliens in a Time of Upheaval: Early Modern Europe Seminar F The Shadow Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F From Naturalizing and Denaturalizing in Europe during of a Reason: Edgar Allan Poe and the Forging of Athens to Rome and from Alexandria to Baghdad: the First World War F Daniela L. Caglioti, U.S. Science F John Tresch, University of A Comparison between Two Cultural Transfers F Università di Napoli Federico II; Member, Pennsylvania; Member, School of Historical Carlo Scardino, Heinrich-Heine-Universität School of Historical Studies Studies Düsseldorf; Member, School of Historical Studies December 3 December 17 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F The Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F November 24 Guts of the Matter: Intestinal Disease and Human Islamic Law and Citizenship in the Russian Noble Houses and Their Archives Workshop F History F James Webb, Jr., Colby College; Empire F Rozaliya Garipova, University of Opening Remarks F Patrick J. Geary, Professor, Member, School of Historical Studies Pennsylvania; Member, School of Historical School of Historical Studies, and Maria de Studies Lurdes Rosa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; December 7 Member, School of Historical Studies F East Asian Studies Seminar F Amicitia Palatina: January 11 Archives and History: Implications of a Conceptual The Europeans’ Networking at the Qing Court East Asian Studies Seminar F Why Does the Divide F Francis X. Blouin, University in the Long Eighteenth Century F Eugenio Nirva¯n.a Su¯tra Cause Controversies? F Wendi of Michigan F Archives in the Historiography Menegon, Boston University; Member, School Adamek, University of Calgary; Member, of Institutional Culture: Sites, Evidence, and of Historical Studies School of Historical Studies the Need for Comparison F Randolph C. Head, University of California, Riverside F December 8 January 12 Historians, Archives, Sources: Old Questions, New Medieval Seminar F General Group Discussion F Medieval Seminar F Second Term Introductions F Answers? F Joseph Morsel, Université Paris Patrick J. Geary, Professor, School of Patrick J. Geary, Professor, School of 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne F Noble Houses and Historical Studies Historical Studies Their Archives, Portugal, Fifteenth to Nineteenth Centuries: New Data, New Questions F Maria December 9 January 13 de Lurdes Rosa, Universidade Nova de Art History Seminar F Making and Knowing in Islamicist Seminar F Crossing Empires: Shi‘i Lisboa; Member, School of Historical Studies F Early Modern Artistic Production F Marisa Bass, Pilgrims of the Sultan and the Shah F Firoozeh Noble Households, the City, and Courtly Life in Washington University in St. Louis; Member, Kashani-Sabet, University of Pennsylvania; Late Medieval Portugal F Rita Costa-Gomes, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Towson University F Social Status, Patrimony, and Order: Recent Studies on Nobel Households Islamicist Seminar F Rogue Fictions: Thoughts on January 14 in Early Modern Portugal and Spain F Pedro the Form, Circulation, and History of the Arabic Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Second Cardim, Universidade Nova de Lisboa F Uses Maqa¯ma F Maurice Pomerantz, New York Term Introductions F Jonathan Israel, Andrew of the Archive by Families of Portuguese Nobility, University Abu Dhabi; Member, School of W. Mellon Professor, School of Historical Fifteenth to Sixteenth Centuries F Rita Sampaio Historical Studies Studies da Nóvoa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa F Questioning “National” Frontiers: Nobility Archival December 10 January 19 Practices in a Comparative Perspective (Portugal and Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Ancient Studies Seminar F “Privileged Slaves” Spain, Fifteenth to Nineteenth Centuries) F Maria Archaeology in the Twilight of Utopia: Eisenstein and in Classical Athens and the Legal Framework of João A. e Sousa, Universidade Nova de the Problem of Deep Time F Michael Kunichika, Servile Labor F Paulin Ismard, University Lisboa F Le Programme ARCHIFAM, Enquête New York University; Member, School of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne; Member, School of sur la Nature et les Fonctions des Archives de Famille Historical Studies Historical Studies en Péninsule Ibérique: Bilan et Perspectives F Véronique Lamazou-Duplan, Université December 14 Medieval Seminar F Theodore Mommsen, Louis de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour F Les Foix-Béarn- East Asian Studies Seminar F Mandalas of Duchesne, and the Liber pontificalis: Classical Navarre et Leurs Archives: Inventaires en Question F Mañjus´rı¯: The Creation of Manchu Imperial Philology and Medieval Latin Texts F Carmela Véronique Lamazou-Duplan, Université de Monasteries During the Qianlong Reign F Vircillo Franklin, Columbia University; Pau et des Pays de l’Adour Wen-shing Chou, Hunter College, The Director’s Visitor City University of New York; Member, December 1 School of Historical Studies January 20 Ancient Studies Seminar F Reconstructing the Islamicist Seminar F On the Authorship of the K. Consularia Italica F Michael Kulikowski, The December 15 Tathbı¯t dala¯’il al-nubuwwa F Hassan Ansari, Pennsylvania State University; Member, School Law and Colonialism Sub-group F The Crisis of Institute for Advanced Study; Member, School of Historical Studies Legitimacy of Muslim Marriage in Russia at the Turn of Historical Studies of the Twentieth Century F Rozaliya Garipova, Medieval Seminar F Reconstruction of the Tradition University of Pennsylvania; Member, School of January 21 of the So-Called Consularia Italica F Michael Historical Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Kulikowski, The Pennsylvania State University; From Stone to Codex: Ancient Chronicle Traditions Member, School of Historical Studies and Roman Imperial History F Michael Kulikowski, The Pennsylvania State University; Member, School of Historical Studies

59 January 25 February 10 February 29 East Asian Studies Seminar F Shipwrecks and Islamicist Seminar F Problems in the Translation East Asian Studies Seminar F The Rabbis of Submerged Worlds: Excavation and Interpretation of Greek Agricultural Terms into Arabic F Carlo Hanlin: Jesuits and the Question of Religion in of New Discoveries from the South China Sea F Scardino, Heinrich-Heine-Universität China, or Another Look at the Birth of World Hsueh-man Shen, Institute of Fine Arts, New Düsseldorf; Member, School of Historical History F Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, New York York University Studies University

January 27 February 11 March 1 Early Modern Europe Seminar F Trees on the Go: Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F When Ancient Studies Seminar F The Importance of Botany, Germany, and the British Empire, 1750– the Lightning Struck Pompeii: Reconstructing Local Graeco-Arabic Studies for Classics: The Example 1800 F Thomas Biskup, University of Hull; Religious Knowledge from Archaeological Debris F of the Arabic Translations of Ancient Agricultural Member, School of Historical Studies William van Andringa, Université Lille 3; Writers F Carlo Scardino, Heinrich-Heine- Member, School of Historical Studies Universität; Member, School of Historical S. T. Lee Lecture F The Transmission of Knowledge Studies in Abbasid Iraq: Problems in the Interpretation of the February 16 “Catalogue” of Ibn al-Nadim F Devin Stewart, East Asian Studies Seminar F The View from the Medieval Seminar F Danger and Death F Emory University Boundary: Provinces and Court in Post-Rebellion Eric Goldberg, Massachusetts Institute of Tang China F Tineke D’Haeseleer, Princeton Technology; Member, School of Historical January 28 Society of Fellows Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Human Rights in an Age of Contestation: French Law and Colonialism Sub-group F Using the March 2 Third Worldism, African Revolution, and Capital Figure of “The Jew”: French Feminist Politics in Islamicist Seminar F With Blessings and Punishment ca. 1970 F Meredith Terretta, Global Empires and the Metropole F Carolyn Metaphors: The Medieval Islamic Art of the Object F University of Ottawa; Member, School of Eichner, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee; Margaret Graves, Indiana University; Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies

February 1 February 17 March 3 East Asian Studies Seminar F Encounters with Art History Seminar F Shaping the Spatial Workshop on Squeezes of Ancient Greek the National Language from Chongqing to Taiwan, Cosmologies of the Iranian Expanse F Matthew Inscriptions in the Collection of the Institute 1937–49 F Janet Chen, Princeton University; Canepa, University of Minnesota; Member, for Advanced Study F Angelos Chaniotis, Member, School of Historical Studies School of Historical Studies Professor, School of Historical Studies F Gianfranco Agosti, Universitá degli Studi February 2 Early Modern Europe Seminar F Luther’s Jews F di Roma, La Sapienza; Member, School Law and Colonialism Sub-group F “Law Is One Stephen Burnett, University of Nebraska- of Historical Studies F Joshua Billings, Thing, and Virtue Is Another”: Vernacular Readings Lincoln; Member, School of Historical Studies Princeton University; Member, School of of Law and Legal Process in 1920s Shanghai F Historical Studies F Paulin Ismard, University Bryna Goodman, University of Oregon; February 18 Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne; Member, School of Member, School of Historical Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Insect Historical Studies F Michael Kulikowski, The Artifice: The Origins of Entomology in the Early Pennsylvania State University; Member, School Medieval Seminar F Recyclage et l’ontologie Modern Netherlands F Marisa Bass, Washington of Historical Studies F Martti Nissinen, de l’objet dans les textes du bas Moyen Âge: University in St. Louis; Member, School of University of Helsinki; Member, School of l’exemple de Marseille F Daniel Smail, Harvard Historical Studies Historical Studies F Giuseppe Pezzini, University; Member, School of Historical University of Oxford; Member, School of Studies February 22 Historical Studies F Felipe Rojas, Brown East Asian Studies Seminar F Posthuman Maos: University; Member, School of Historical February 4 The Invisible Real and the Hidden Dimensions Studies F William Van Andringa, Universitè Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F of Chinese Science Fiction F Mingwei Song, Lille 3; Member, School of Historical Studies Rule and Practice in Early Medieval Monasticism F Wellesley College; Member, School of Historical Albrecht Diem, Syracuse University; Member, Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F The School of Historical Studies Documentary Archaeology of Late Medieval Europe F February 24 Daniel Smail, Harvard University; Member, February 8 Art History Seminar F Nature and the Enemies School of Historical Studies East Asian Studies Seminar F Finance, Sovereignty, of Art in the Early Modern Netherlands F Marisa and Freedom: Stock Exchanges in the Early Chinese Bass, Washington University in St. Louis; March 4 Republic F Bryna Goodman, University of Member, School of Historical Studies Epigraphic Friday F An Assyrian Prayer to Oregon; Member, School of Historical Studies Nabû F Martti Nissinen, University of February 25 Helsinki; Member, School of Historical February 9 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Studies F Kallias the Egyptian: The Athenian Ancient Studies Seminar F Elpis in the Epigraphic Arameans in Assyria in the Ninth to Seventh Insurrection and Its Broader Political Context F Evidence: From Deceived Expectations to a Persuasion Centuries B.C.E. F Martti Nissinen, Nino Luraghi, Princeton University F Writing Strategy F Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, University of Helsinki; Member, School of Fiction Like Inscriptions F Jason Moralee, School of Historical Studies Historical Studies University of Massachusetts; Member, School of Historical Studies F An Altar for a New Medieval Seminar F Reading and Teaching the Hero F Christopher Jones, Yale University F Rule in the Age of Monastic Reform: A Study of the After the War: Remembering the Civic Career Glosae a diuersis doctoribus collectae in regula of a Veteran from Patara F Andrew Lepke, sancti Benedicti abbatis F Matthieu H. van Universität Münster F New Inscriptions from der Meer, Syracuse University Aphrodisias F Angelos Chaniotis, Professor,

60 School of Historical Studies F New Inscriptions March 22 April 5 from Gadara/Umm Qais F Florian Forster, Medieval Seminar F The Thorny Laurel: Tullia Ancient Studies Seminar F Paideia and Society Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München F d’Aragona, Woman of Letters F Julia Hairston, in Late Antiquity: The Case of Verse Inscriptions F Urban Prefects and Bronze Tesserae F Michael University of California, Rome; Member, Gianfranco Agosti, Universitá degli Studi Kulikowski, The Pennsylvania State University; School of Historical Studies di Roma, La Sapienza; Member, School of Member, School of Historical Studies F Two Historical Studies New Verse Inscriptions from Syria and Egypt F March 23 Gianfranco Agosti, Universitá degli Studi Islamicist Seminar F The Year of Mawânîd: Medieval Seminar F The Documentary Archaeology di Roma, La Sapienza; Member, School of Tax Collection, Local Patricians, and Central of Late Medieval Europe F Daniel Smail, Historical Studies F A New Bilingual Inscription Administration under the Early Abbasids F Harvard University; Member, School of of Augustan Date, in Nabataean and Sabaic, from Hossein Kamali, Barnard College, Columbia Historical Studies Sirwah in Yemen F Glen W. Bowersock, University Professor Emeritus, School of Historical Studies April 13 March 24 Squeeze Collection Workshop for Students March 7 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F from Rutgers, The State University of New East Asian Studies Seminar F Orphaned, Interned, The “Satanic” Sublime and Milton’s English Jersey F Squeezes of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in Captured: The (In)visibilities of Film Archiving in Enlightenment Readers F Noël Sugimura, the Collection of the Institute for Advanced Study F Asia F Steven Chung, Princeton University Georgetown University; Member, School of Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, School of Historical Studies Historical Studies F Stephen Tracy, The March 8 American School of Classical Studies at Athens Medieval Seminar F Permeable Membranes: March 25 Astronomy and Appropriation in the Leiden Aratea F Squeeze Collection Workshop for Columbia Early Modern Europe Seminar F The Thorny Eric Ramírez-Weaver, University of Virginia; University Graduate Students F Squeezes of Laurel: Tullia d’Aragona, Woman of Letters F Julia Member, School of Historical Studies Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the Collection of Hairston, University of California, Rome; the Institute for Advanced Study F Angelos School of Historical Studies March 9 Chaniotis, Professor, School of Historical Islamicist Public Lecture F Constructing Lineages: Studies Islamicist Seminar F Creating Publics: Newspapers Jews, Muslims, and Nasab in the Middle Ages F and Newspaper Culture in Qajar Iran F Negin Arnold Franklin, Queens College, The City March 28 Nabavi, Montclair State University; Member, University of New York Art History Seminar F Cinematic Incubation: School of Historical Studies Markopoulos and the Temenos F Rebekah March 15 Rutkoff, Institute for Advanced Study; Member, April 27 Ancient Studies Seminar F Was There a Greek School of Historical Studies Law and Colonialism Sub-group F Where Did Enlightenment? F Joshua Billings, Princeton the A¯khu¯nds Go? Islamic Legal Experts and the University; Member, School of Historical East Asian Studies Seminar F Visions of Breakdown of the Traditional Islamic Legal Order Studies No-Sense: Zen Ko¯ans and the Arts of Fifteenth in the Russian Empire F Rozaliya Garipova, Century Japan F Thomas W. Hare, Princeton University of Pennsylvania; Member, School of Medieval Seminar F Forgetting, Remembering, University Historical Studies and Stealing the First French Text F Courtney Booker, The University of British Columbia; March 29 May 10 Member, School of Historical Studies Ancient Studies Seminar F Pagan Gods Changing Exploratory Meeting: The Transformation of the in Roman Gaul (Third to Fourth Centuries A.D.): Carolingian World F Welcome and presentations March 16 Archaeological Facts and Religious Changes in of some impressions from the first meeting in Art History Seminar F Signs of Import and Late Antiquity F William Van Andringa, Vienna, and some ideas and perspectives F Patrick Influence in the Astrological Compendia Made Universitè Lille 3; Member, School of Historical J. Geary, Professor, School of Historical for Wenceslas IV F Eric Ramírez-Weaver, Studies Studies F Helmut Reimitz, Princeton University of Virginia; Member, School of University, Conrad Leyser, University Historical Studies Medieval Seminar F Regula cuiusdam ad of Oxford, Hans Hummer, Wayne State virgines, a Seventh-Century Rule for Nuns F University and Timothy Newfield, Princeton Early Modern Europe Seminar F Cambridge Albrecht Diem, Syracuse University; Member, University F Presentations of some impressions Companion to the Dutch Golden Age: Radical School of Historical Studies from the first meeting in Vienna, and some ideas and Thought F Jonathan Israel, Andrew W. perspectives F Eric Goldberg, Massachusetts Mellon Professor, School of Historical Studies March 30 Institute of Technology, Jennifer Davis, Art History Seminar F Style and Meaning in The Catholic University of America, Warren March 17 Late Antique Art F Sarah Bassett, Indiana Brown, California Institute of Technology, Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F University; Member, School of Historical Max Diesenberger, Austrian Academy of Nobel Laureate Niko Tinbergen’s Work on Autism: Studies Sciences F Breakout groups F Christianity and A New Stratigraphic View of Human Nature F the Church F Conrad Leyser, University Marga Vicedo, University of Toronto; March 31 of Oxford F Politics and Political Culture F Member, School of Historical Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia F Eric Goldberg, Massachusetts Institute Language of Imperialism, Language of Liberation: of Technology F Legal Order and Normative March 21 Telling Stories in the Kanak-French Colonial Pluralism F Jennifer Davis, The Catholic East Asian Studies Seminar F Poetics of Nature, Encounter F Carolyn Eichner, University of University of America, and Warren Brown, Fetish for Consumption: On the Medicinal Uses Wisconsin–Milwaukee; Member, School of California Institute of Technology F Economy of Human Milk in Imperial China F He Bian, Historical Studies and Environment F Timothy Newfield, Princeton University Princeton University F Social Dynamics and Politics of Identity F Hans Hummer, Wayne State University F Culture and Communication F

61 Patrick Geary, Professor, School of Historical June 3 Saadya Gaon’s Translation of the Pentateuch F Studies F Helmut Reimitz, Princeton Non-State War Economies International Tamar Zewi, University of Haifa F Syro- University Workshop F Framing War Economies F Nicola Turkic Garshuni Traditions F Hassan Ansari, Di Cosmo, Luce Foundation Professor in East Institute for Advanced Study; Member, School May 11 Asian Studies, School of Historical Studies F of Historical Studies F Poems in Turkic and Exploratory Meeting: The Transformation War Economies: A General Framework F Didier Persian Garshuni from the Mongol Time F Anton of the Carolingian World F Breakout groups Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, School Pritula, The State Hermitage Museum F (continued) F Christianity and the Church F of Social Science F Material Motives? Resource Remarks on Some Turkic Garshuni Texts Preserved Conrad Leyser, University of Oxford F Wars, Raw Materials, and War Economies F in an Eighteenth Century Chaldean Prayer Book F Politics and Political Culture F Eric Goldberg, Philippe Le Billion, The University of Jonas Karlsson, Uppsala University F Judeo- Massachusetts Institute of Technology F Legal British Columbia F Beyond the Shadows: Digital Arabic Traditions F Tamar Zewi, University of Order and Normative Pluralism F Jennifer Non-State Actors in Cyberspace F Carolyn Haifa F Jewish Identity and Hebrew Script: the Case Davis, The Catholic University of America, Nordstrom, University of Notre Dame F of Judaeo-Arabic F Esther-Miriam Wagner, and Warren Brown, California Institute Warlordism in Historical Perspective F Clémence University of Cambridge F Judeo-Arabic as a of Technology F Economy and Environment F Pinaud, Indiana University F The War Legal Language: The View from the Cairo Geniza F Timothy Newfield, Princeton University F Economy of Asian Nomadic Empires in Ancient Eve Krakowski, Princeton University Social Dynamics and Politics of Identity F Hans and Medieval Times F Nicola Di Cosmo, Luce Hummer, Wayne State University F Culture and Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies, June 10 Communication F Patrick J. Geary, Professor, School of Historical Studies F Warlords and “Allographic Traditions” among Arabic- School of Historical Studies F Helmut Renaissance Italy F William Caferro, Vanderbilt Speaking Christians, Jews, and Samaritans: Reimitz, Princeton University F Reports and University F Warlords and the Economy in Early Workshop on the Writing Systems of Garshuni, Discussion F moderators: Patrick J. Geary, Twentieth Century China F Edward McCord, Judeo-Arabic, and Samaritan-Arabic F Professor, School of Historical Studies, and The George Washington University F Non-State Syriac Garshuni Traditions F Andrea Piras, Helmut Reimitz, Princeton University Actors and State Building F Bernard Haykel, Università di Bologna F Syriac Garshuni: Princeton University F Taxation and Governance Patterns of Distribution in Different Branches Law and Colonialism Sub-group F Bodies of by Armed Groups F Zachariah Mampilly, of Syriac Christianity F Grigory Kessel, Law in Algerian Colonization F Judith Surkis, Vassar College F Somalia: The Challenges of Philipps-Universität Marburg F From Garshuni Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Security in a Collapsed State F William Reno, to “Garshunography”: Garshuni Systems in the Northwestern University F Social Implications Early Modern and Modern World F George May 27 of the War Economy in South Sudan in the Second A. Kiraz, Princeton University F Syro-Arabic The Maqa¯ma and Its Readers: A Workshop (1983–2005) and Third (2013–) Civil Wars F Garshuni Traditions F Grigory Kessel, Philipps- on Arabic and Hebrew Literatures F Opening Clémence Pinaud, Indiana University F Universität Marburg F The Use of Garshuni by Remarks and Welcome F Sabine Schmidtke, A Repercussion from the Reagan Doctrine: The the Melkites from a Cultural-Historical Perspective F Professor, School of Historical Studies, and Spooking of Islamic Charity F Jonathan Johannes Pahlitszch, Johannes Gutenberg- Maurice Pomerantz, New York University Benthall, University College London Universität Mainz F Why and When to Write in Abu Dhabi; Member, School of Historical Garshuni: Observations Based on Some Mainstream Studies F Two Picaresque Tales and a Yellow June 4 and Peripheral Cases F Hidemi Takahashi, Cow: Black Humor and Qura¯nic References in Non-State War Economies International The University of Tokyo F Spain F George Hamadha¯nı¯’s al-Maqama al-Maws.iliyya F Workshop F Profits and Losses in War and Post- Kiraz, Princeton University F Linguistic and Bilal Orfali, American University of Beirut F War F Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Cultural Uses behind Aljamiado Texts F Nuria Hamadha¯nı¯’s Maqa¯ma¯t and Its Readers: The Professor, School of Social Science F An Illiberal Martínez de Castilla Muñoz, Universidad Examples of Ibn Na¯qiya¯ and al-H. arı¯rı¯ F Maurice Interpretation of War: Wartime Political Economy Complutense Madrid F Spanish Islam in Pomerantz, New York University Abu Dhabi; and “Development” in Colombia, Mozambique, and Arabic Script: Language, Identity, and Community Member, School of Historical Studies F The Myanmar F Christopher Cramer, University Boundaries in the Literature of Religious Polemics Ethical Dimension of al-H. arı¯rı¯’s Maqa¯ma¯t: The of London F Reconstruction’s Deconstruction: of the Muslims of Late Medieval Christian Iberia F View from Al-Panjdı¯hı¯’s Commentary F Matthew The Promise and Profits of a Remade “Post- Mònica Colominas Aparicio, University Keegan, New York University F The Anti- War” Afghanistan F Catherine Lutz, Brown of Amsterdam, Arabic and Coptic F Johannes Shiism of al-Hamadha¯nı¯ and the Maqa¯ma¯t F Devin University F The Effects of Conflict on Migration Pahlitszch, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Stewart, Emory University F Response to the and the Returns to Migration in Colombia F Ana Mainz F The “Violet Fragment”: Revisiting a Anti-Shiism of al-Hamadha¯nı¯ and the Maqa¯ma¯t F María Ibáñez Londoño, Universidad de los Strange Case of Arabic in Greek Letters F Ronny Hassan Ansari, Institute for Advanced Study; Andes Vollandt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Member, School of Historical Studies F Judah München F Allographic Experiments at the Cradle al-H. arı¯zı¯ as a Bilingual Author F Jonathan June 9 and at the Grave of Coptic Written Culture F Decter, Brandeis University F Religious “Allographic Traditions” among Arabic-Speaking Sebastian Richter, Freie Universität Berlin Themes in the Tahkemoni by Judah al-H. arı¯zı¯ F Christians, Jews, and Samaritans: Workshop on Raymond P. Scheindlin, Jewish Theological the Writing Systems of Garshuni, Judeo-Arabic, June 20 Seminary F Monks in Love, Greedy Priests, and and Samaritan-Arabic F Opening Statement F Digital Ottoman Platform II Workshop F Muslim Tricksters: On the Image of the Other in Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, School of Welcome and Opening Remarks F Robbert Post-Andalusı¯ Hebrew Maqa¯ma¯t F Orit Bashkin, Historical Studies F Turks with a “wa¯w” F E. Efe, Dijkgraaf, Director and Leon Levy Professor, The University of Chicago F Closing Remarks F Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey F Institute for Advanced Study, and Sabine Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, School of The Phenomenon of “Code Switching” in the Written Schmidtke, Professor, School of Historical Historical Studies, and Maurice Pomerantz, Discourse of Judaeo-Arabic Texts F Meira Pollack, Studies F What We’ve Done, What We’re Doing, New York University Abu Dhabi; Member, Tel Aviv University F Samaritan Traditions F Eve Where We’re Going F moderator: Sabine School of Historical Studies Krakowski, Princeton University F Allographic Schmidtke, Professor, School Of Historical Writing in the Samaritan Manuscript Culture Studies F Capsule Report on DOP 1 F Amy between Arabic and Hebrew F Stefan Schorch, Elizabeth Singer, Tel Aviv University F Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg F Individual Projects Review F Chris Gratien, Arabic and Syriac in the Samaritan Version of The Harvard Academy for International Area

62 Studies F Report on the State of the Gazetteer F June 23 Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F Mark Połczyński, Marquette University, Digital Ottoman Platform II Workshop F Univalent Foundations and the Equivalence Michał Połczyński, Georgetown University, NUTS and BOLTS F moderator: Nina Principle F Benedikt Ahrens, Member, School and Nir Shafir, University of California, Ergin, Koç University, Istanbul F Istanbul’s of Mathematics F On Torsion in the Cohomology Los Angeles F Multiple Languages, Scripts, and Early Modern Urban Topography and Mapping Its of Shimura Varieties F Ana Caraiani, Princeton . Orthographies in Historical Gazetteers F Lex Narratives F Serkan S¸ avk, Izmir University University; Veblen Research Instructor, School Berman, Harvard University F A Schema for of Economics F The Emma B. Andrews Diary of Mathematics F Flows, Planes, and Circles F the Ottoman Historical Gazetteer F Will Hanley, Project—Recreating a Nile Journey in the Digital Steven Frankel, Member, School of Florida State University F If It Isn’t Somewhere, Age F Sarah Ketchley, University of Mathematics F Recent Developments of the Mixed It Doesn’t Exist—The Challenge of Building a Washington F Introduction to Git and GitHub F Andre-Oort Conjecture F Ziyang Gao, Member, Historical GIS for the Russian Empire F Kelly Jeremy Guillette, Harvard University F School of Mathematics O’Neill, Harvard University F Technical Tricks Breakout GAZ & WEB #2: Use Cases F for Gathering and Reconciling Data F Jeremy moderator: Lex Berman, Harvard University F September 22 Guillette, Harvard University F Reinventing the Breakout ORG #2: Leadership and Partnership Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Wheel? A general discussion of existing gazetteers F in a Collective: Workflows and Responsibility F Seminar II F Explicit Two-Source Extractors led by Nir Shafir, University of California moderator: Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, and Resilient Functions II F Eshan School of Historical Studies F Breakout GAZ Chattopadhyay, The University of Texas June 21 #3: Ontologies: Confidence and Integrating Pre- at Austin Digital Ottoman Platform II Workshop F Place, existing Data (Defining Confidence in Sources and Space, Visualization, and Putting It Together F Assertions), Stability, Reliability, Documentation, Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F moderator: Michał Połczyński, Georgetown Quality F moderator: Tom Elliot, Institute Completion Theorems in Equivariant Homotopy University F Historical Geography of Ottoman for the Study of the Ancient World, New York Theory F Saul Glasman, Member, School of Egypt F Nicolas Michel, Institut Français University F Breakout WEB #3: Planning a Web Mathematics F Higher-Order Fourier Analysis and d’Archéologie Orientale F Visualizing an Agro- Platform—Appearance, Content, Interface, Workflow Applications F Pooya Hatami, Member, School Economic Regime in Ottoman Greece and Albania to Design F moderator: Michał Połczyński, of Mathematics F Heegaard Floer Homology with GIS F Emily Neumeier, University of Georgetown University F Breakout ORG #3: and the Knot Concordance Group F Jennifer Pennsylvania F Database for Ottoman Inscriptions: The DOP as an Editor/Publisher F moderator: Hom, Member, School of Mathematics F Exploring Digital Possibilities F Hakan Nina Ergin, Koç University, Istanbul F Reports Recent Progress on Random Walk in Groups F Karateke, The University of Chicago F from breakouts and summary discussion F led by Robert Daniel Hough, Member, School of Workshop Session: Introduction to Linked Data F Nina Ergin, Koç University, Istanbul Mathematics F Hodge Theory for Combinatorial led by Will Hanley, Florida State University, Geometries F June Huh, Princeton University; and Mark Połczyński, Marquette University F June 24 Veblen Fellow, School of Mathematics Mapping Late Ottoman Population Data in Istanbul Digital Ottoman Platform II Workshop F and for the Empire F Erdem Kabadayı, Koç Engagement and Sustainability F moderator: September 24 University, Istanbul F Summary discussion Amy Elizabeth Singer, Tel Aviv University F Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory of the day and looking ahead F led by Mark Breakout GAZ #4: Putting Things to the Test! F Połczyński, Marquette University Mark Połczyński F Breakout WEB #4: Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F Word- How Will DOP Look to the User? What Will It Induced Measures on Groups F Doron Puder, June 22 Offer? F Michał Połczyński F Breakout ORG Member, School of Mathematics F Lower Digital Ottoman Platform II Workshop F #4: Identifying Grants, Defining Funding Needs, Bounds for de-Morgan Formulae F Avishay Tal, Gazetteer Madness F moderator: Chris Gratien, Timetable for Applications F moderators: Sabine Member, School of Mathematics F Exponential The Harvard Academy for International Area Schmidtke, Professor, School of Historical Separation of Communication and External Studies F The Pleiades Project F Tom Elliot, Studies, and Amy Elizabeth Singer, Tel Aviv Information F Gillat Kol, Member, School Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, University F General concluding discussion F led by of Mathematics F Toward a New Formalization New York University F Spatial History Projects Amy Elizabeth Singer, Tel Aviv University of Real Numbers F Catherine Lelay, in Crete, Cyprus, and Beyond F Antonis Member, School of Mathematics F Invariants of Hadjikyriacou, Institute for Mediterranean School of Mathematics 4-Manifolds F Tye Lidman, Member, School Studies, Foundation for Research and of Mathematics F Dynamics on Moduli Spaces Technology–Hellas (FORTH) F Economic and September 17 and Exceptional Families of Algebraic Curves F “Large-N” Analysis of Islamic Legal Practice in the Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Alexander Murray Wright, Member, School Ottoman Empire: A View of the Craft’s Kitchen F of Mathematics Bog˘ aç Ergene, The University of Vermont F Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Breakout GAZ #1: Creating an OTTOMAN Seminar F Spectral Summation Formulae and Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Gazetteer F moderator: Michał Połczyński, Their Applications F Valentin Blomer, Georg- Seminar F On the Averaged Colmez Conjecture F Georgetown University F Breakout WEB #1: August-Universität Göttingen; von Neumann Xinyi Yuan, Institute for Advanced Study, Planning for a Web Platform—Appearance, Content, Fellow, School of Mathematics Berkeley Interface, Workflow to Design F moderator: Chris Gratien, The Harvard Academy for September 18 September 28 International Area Studies F Breakout ORG #1: Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Drafting a Five-Year Timeline—Tasks, Priorities, Seminar F Fixed-Point Expressions for the Fukaya Seminar I F Ramsey Numbers of Degenerate Leadership, Funds F moderator: Amy Elizabeth Endomorphism Algebra of RP 2m and Higher Genus Graphs F Choongbum Lee, Massachusetts Singer, Tel Aviv University F Reports from Open Invariants F Amitai Zernik, The Hebrew Institute of Technology breakouts and summary discussion F led by University of Jerusalem Chris Gratien, The Harvard Academy for Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F International Area Studies Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics On Cuspidality of Global Arthur Packets of Seminar I F Explicit Two-Source Extractors and Quasi-Split Classical Groups F Baiying Liu, Resilient Functions I F Eshan Chattopadhyay, Member, School of Mathematics F Type Theory The University of Texas at Austin and Formalization of Mathematics F Anders

63 Mörtberg, Member, School of Mathematics F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics October 16 An Integral Lift of Contact Homology F Joanna Seminar II F Invariants of Random Knots F Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Nelson, Member, School of Mathematics Chaim Even Zohar, The Hebrew University 3D Mirror Symmetry and Symplectic Duality F of Jerusalem Tudor Dimofte, Perimeter Institute for September 29 Theoretical Physics Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F October 7 Diophantine Approximation and Diophantine Workshop on Geometric Structures on Mathematical Conversations F Finite Simple Definitions F Héctor Pastén Vásquez, 3-Manifolds Groups F Robert Guralnick, University Member, School of Mathematics F p-adic of Southern California; Visitor, School of Modular Forms F Christian Johansson, October 8 Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics F Rational Workshop on Geometric Structures on Points on Varieties and the Brauer-Manin 3-Manifolds October 19 Obstruction F Damaris Schindler, Member, Members’ Seminar F Subgroups of Random School of Mathematics F Random Band Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Groups F Danny Calegari, The University of Matrices: Delocalization and Universality F Chicago; Member, School of Mathematics Tatyana Shcherbyna, Member, School of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Mathematics F Metrics on Diffeomorphism Groups Seminar F Algebraic Solutions of Differential October 20 in Symplectic and Contact Geometry F Egor Equations over the Projective Line Minus Three Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Shelukhin, Member, School of Mathematics Points F Yunqing Tang, Harvard University Geometric Techniques in Knot Theory F Jessica S. Purcell, Brigham Young University; von September 30 October 9 Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics F Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F Pseudo- Workshop on Geometric Structures on Non-orientable Knot Genus and the Jones Anosov Stretch Factors F Balazs Strenner, 3-Manifolds Polynomial F Efstratia Kalfagianni, Michigan Member, School of Mathematics F Quantum State University Weak Mixing and Effective Strong Multiplicity One Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Theorem F Junehyuk Jung, Member, School Real Gromov-Witten Theory in All Genera F October 22 of Mathematics F Quantization in Modular Penka Georgieva, Institut de Mathématiques Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Setting and Its Applications F Roman Travkin, de Jussieu, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Member, School of Mathematics F On Smooth Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Actions by Higher Rank Lattices F Zhiren Wang, October 12 Theory Seminar F Unlikely Intersections for Two- Member, School of Mathematics F Uniform Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Parameter Families of Polynomials F Tom Tucker, Spectral Gap and Selberg Type Theorems on Infinite Seminar I F Factors of Polynomials of Low University of Rochester Area Surfaces F Dale Winter, Member, School Individual Degree F Rafael Oliveira, Princeton of Mathematics University October 23 Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F October 1 Members’ Seminar F 3-Manifold Groups F Dehn Twists Exact Sequences through Lagrangian Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Ian Agol, University of California, Berkeley; Cobordism F Weiwei Wu, Université de Distinguished Visiting Professor, School of Montréal Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Mathematics Seminar F Motivic Cohomology Actions and the October 26 Geometry of Eigenvarieties F David Hansen, October 13 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Columbia University Workshop on Fundamental Groups and Periods Seminar I F Random Words, Longest Increasing Subsequences, and Quantum PCA F John October 2 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Wright, Carnegie Mellon University Princeton/IAS/Columbia Symplectic Seminar II F Non-constructive Combinatorics F Geometry Seminar F Lagrangian Cobordism: Noga Alon, Tel Aviv University; Visiting Members’ Seminar F Quantum Ergodicity for What We Know and What Is It Good For F Professor, School of Mathematics the Uninitiated F Zeev Rudnick, Tel Aviv Octav Cornea, Université de Montréal F University; Member, School of Mathematics Non-Trivial Hamiltonian Fibrations via K-Theory Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F The Quantization F Egor Shelukhin, Member, Four-Color Theorem and an Instanton Invariant October 27 School of Mathematics for Spatial Graphs I F Peter Kronheimer, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Harvard University F The Four-Color Theorem Seminar II F Algorithmic Proof of the Lovasz Local October 5 and an Instanton Invariant for Spatial Graphs II F Lemma via Resampling Oracles F Jan Vondrák, Workshop on Geometric Structures on Tomasz Mrowka, Massachusetts Institute IBM Almaden Research Center; Member, 3-Manifolds of Technology School of Mathematics

Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics October 15 Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Seminar I F Is Optimization Computationally Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory CAT(0) Cube Complexes and Virtually Special Equivalent to Online Learning? F Elad Hazan, Groups F Daniel Groves, University of Illinois Princeton University Joint IAS/Princeton University Number at Chicago F A New Cubulation Theorem for Theory Seminar F Adjoint Selmer Groups for Hyperbolic Groups F Daniel Groves, University October 6 Polarized Automorphic Galois Representations F of Illinois at Chicago Workshop on Geometric Structures on Patrick Allen, University of Illinois at Urbana- 3-Manifolds Champaign October 28 Mathematical Conversations F Volumes of Hyperbolic Link Complements F Ian Agol, University of California, Berkeley; Distinguished Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics

64 October 29 November 7 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order Seminar F Hasse Principle for Kummer Varieties F in Complex Systems F Critical Mechanical Alexei Skorobogatov, Imperial College Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Structures: Topology and Entropy F Xiaoming London; Member, School of Mathematics Seminar F From Local Class Field Theory to the Mao, University of Michigan F Topological Curve and Vice Versa F Laurent Fargues, Effects in Metals: From Chiral and Gyrotropic November 13 Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu Magnetic Effects to Quenched Majoranas F Joel Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Moore, University of California, Berkeley F Legendrian Fronts in Contact Topology F Roger October 30 Topological and Combinatorial Methods in Theoretical Casals, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Princeton/IAS/Columbia Symplectic Geometry Distributed Computing F Dmitry Feichtner- Seminar F Floer Homology for Translated Points F Kozlov, Institut für Algebra, Geometrie, Minerva Lectures at Princeton University F Margherita Sandon, Université de Topologie und deren Anwendungen (ALTA), III: Counting Mapping Class Group Orbits on Strasbourg F Functors and Relations from Fukaya Universität Bremen F Hierarchical Clustering on Hyperbolic Surfaces F Maryam Mirzakhani, Categories of LG Models F Sheel Ganatra, Asymmetric Networks F Facundo Mémoli, The Stanford University; Member, School of Stanford University Ohio State University F Interactive Visualization Mathematics of 2-D Persistence Modules F Michael Lesnick, November 2 Columbia University November 16 Finite Simple Groups: Thirty Years of the Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Atlas and Beyond, Celebrating the Atlases and November 9 Seminar I F How Quaternion Algebras over Number Honoring John Conway Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Fields Are Useful for Creating Compiler for a Seminar I F Cutting Plane Method: A Faster Quantum Computer? F Vadym Kliuchnikov, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Algorithm for Many (Combinatorial) Optimization Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington Seminar I F Two-Source Dispersers for Problems F Yin Tat Lee, Massachusetts Institute Polylogarithmic Entropy and Improved Ramsey of Technology Members’ Seminar F The SL(2, R) Action on Graphs I F Gil Cohen, California Institute of Moduli Space F Alex Eskin, The University of Technology Members’ Seminar F Hard Lefschetz Theorem Chicago; Member, School of Mathematics and Hodge-Riemann Relations for Combinatorial Members’ Seminar F Optimal Knots F Abigail Geometries F June Huh, Princeton University; November 17 Thompson, University of California, Davis; Veblen Fellow, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics Seminar II F Cohomology for Computer Science F Minerva Lectures at Princeton University F Alex Lubotzky, The Hebrew University of November 3 I: Geometry and Dynamics on Hyperbolic Surfaces F Jerusalem Finite Simple Groups: Thirty Years of the Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford University; Atlas and Beyond, Celebrating the Atlases and Member, School of Mathematics Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F The Honoring John Conway Complex Geometry of Teichmüller Spaces and November 10 Bounded Symmetric Domains I F Stergios Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Antonakoudis, University of Cambridge F Seminar II F Two-Source Dispersers for Seminar II F Exponential Separation of The Complex Geometry of Teichmüller Spaces and Polylogarithmic Entropy and Improved Ramsey Communication and External Information F Bounded Symmetric Domains II F Stergios Graphs II F Gil Cohen, California Institute of Gillat Kol, Member, School of Mathematics Antonakoudis, University of Cambridge Technology Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory November 18 Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Random Seminar F On the Moy-Prasad Filtration and Mathematical Conversations F An Introduction to Walks on Groups with Hyperbolic Properties F Supercuspidal Representations F Jessica Fintzen, Chromatic Homotopy Theory F Saul Glasman, Joseph Maher, City University of New Harvard University Member, School of Mathematics York F Random Walks on Weakly Hyperbolic Groups F Joseph Maher, City University of November 11 November 19 New York Minerva Lectures at Princeton University F II: Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Dynamics on Moduli Spaces of Hyperbolic Surfaces F November 4 Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford University; Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Finite Simple Groups: Thirty Years of the Member, School of Mathematics Seminar F Geometric Deformations of Orthogonal Atlas and Beyond, Celebrating the Atlases and and Symplectic Galois Representations F Jeremy Honoring John Conway Mathematical Conversations F Effective Hyperbolic Booher, Stanford University Geometry F David Futer, Temple University; November 5 Member, School of Mathematics November 20 Finite Simple Groups: Thirty Years of the Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Atlas and Beyond, Celebrating the Atlases and November 12 Low-Area Floer Theory and Non-displaceability F Honoring John Conway Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Dmitry Tonkonog, University of Cambridge

November 6 Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Pseudo- November 23 Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Anosov Constructions and Penner’s Conjecture F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Negative and Positive Results in the Intersection Balazs Strenner, Member, School of Seminar I F Advances on Ramsey Numbers F between Systolic and Symplectic Geometry F Mathematics F Algebraic Degrees and Galois Jacob Fox, Stanford University Umberto Hryniewicz, Universidade Federal Conjugates of Pseudo-Anosov Stretch Factors F do Rio de Janeiro Balazs Strenner, Member, School of Mathematics

65 Members’ Seminar F Fun with Finite Covers Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Quasi- of 3-Manifolds: Connections between Topology, Seminar F Generating Series of Arithmetic Divisors Fuchsian Surfaces in Finite-Volume Hyperbolic Geometry, and Arithmetic F Nathan Dunfield, in Unitary Shimura Varieties F Tonghai Yang, 3-Manifolds F Daryl Cooper, University of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; University of Wisconsin–Madison California, Santa Barbara; Member, School of Member, School of Mathematics Mathematics December 4 November 24 Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F December 17 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Point-Like Bounding Chains in Open Gromov- Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Seminar II F General Systems of Linear Forms: Witten Theory F Sara Tukachinsky, The Equidistribution and True Complexity F Pooya Hebrew University of Jerusalem Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Hatami, Member, School of Mathematics Seminar F Modularity and Potential Modularity Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Theorems in the Function Field Setting F Michael Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Seminar F Arithmetic of Double Torus Quotients Harris, Columbia University Hausdorff Dimension of Kleinian Group and the Distribution of Periodic Torus Orbits F Uniformization of Riemann Surface and Conformal Ilya Khayutin, The Hebrew University of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Rigidity F Yong Hou, Princeton University; Jerusalem Seminar F Decoupling in Harmonic Analysis Visitor, School of Mathematics and the Vinogradov Mean Value Theorem F Jean December 7 Bourgain, IBM von Neumann Professor; November 25 Workshop on Flows, Foliations, and Contact School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Structures Theory Seminar F Several Non-archimedean December 18 Variables, Isolated Periodic Points, and Zhang’s Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Conjecture F Alon Levy, KTH Royal Institute Seminar I F Bias vs. Low Rank of Polynomials with Absolute vs. Relative Gromov-Witten Invariants F of Technology, Stockholm Applications to List Decoding and Effective Algebraic Mohammad Tehrani, Stony Brook Geometry F Abhishek Bhowmick, The University, The State University of New York November 30 University of Texas at Austin Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics January 12 Seminar I F Lower Bounds on the Size of December 8 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Semidefinite Programming Relaxations F David Workshop on Flows, Foliations, and Contact Seminar II F Anti-concentration: Results and Steurer, Cornell University Structures Applications F Hoi Nguyen, The Ohio State University; von Neumann Fellow, School of Members’ Seminar F Billiards in Quadrilaterals, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematics Hurwitz Spaces, and Real Multiplication of Hecke Seminar II F Ramanujan Coverings of Graphs F Type F Alexander Wright, Member, School Doron Puder, Member, School of January 13 of Mathematics Mathematics Mathematical Conversations F Combinatorics to Geometry to Arithmetic of Circle Packings F Alex December 1 December 9 Kontorovich, Rutgers, The State University of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Workshop on Flows, Foliations, and Contact New Jersey; Member, School of Mathematics Seminar II F Rigidity of Random Toeplitz Matrices Structures with an Application to Depth Three Circuits F January 19 Avishay Tal, Member, School of Mathematics December 10 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Workshop on Flows, Foliations, and Contact Seminar II F Proof Complexity Lower Bounds from Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Volume Structures Algebraic Circuit Complexity F Michael Forbes, and Homology for Hyperbolic 3-Orbifolds, and Visitor, School of Mathematics the Enumeration of Arithmetic Groups I F Peter Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Shalen, University of Illinois at Chicago F Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Volume and Homology for Hyperbolic 3-Orbifolds, Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Low-Dimensional Dynamics and Hyperbolic and the Enumeration of Arithmetic Groups II F Seminar F The First Order Theory of Meromorphic 3-Manifolds F André de Carvalho, Peter Shalen, University of Illinois at Chicago Functions F Héctor Pastén Vásquez, Universidade de São Paulo Member, School of Mathematics December 2 January 20 Princeton University Mathematics Department December 11 Mathematical Conversations F Heegaard Splittings Colloquium F Veering Triangulations and Pseudo- Workshop on Flows, Foliations, and Contact and the Stabilization Problem for 3-Manifolds F Anosov Flows F Ian Agol, University of Structures Abigail Thompson, University of California, California, Berkeley; Distinguished Visiting Davis; Member, School of Mathematics Professor, School of Mathematics December 14 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics January 21 Mathematical Conversations F Limitations Seminar I F Toward the KRW Conjecture: Cubic Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F for Hilbert’s Tenth Problem over the Rationals F Lower Bounds via Communication Complexity F From Symplectic Geometry to Combinatorics and Héctor Pastén Vásquez, Member, School of Or Meir, University of Haifa Back F Dan Cristofaro-Gardiner, Harvard Mathematics University Members’ Seminar F Locally Symmetric Spaces December 3 and Torsion Classes F Ana Caraiani, Princeton January 25 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory University; Veblen Research Instructor, School Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F Topics of Mathematics between Combinatorics, Geometry, and Algebra F Karim Alexander Adiprasito, Member,

66 School of Mathematics F Affine Springer Fibers February 9 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory and Representation Theory F Cheng-Chiang Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Tsai, Member, School of Mathematics Seminar II F The Singularity of Symbolic Matrices F Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor, Seminar F Vanishing Cycles and Bilinear Forms F January 26 School of Mathematics Will Sawin, Princeton University Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Geometry of Complex Surface Singularities Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F February 22 and 3-Manifolds F Walter D. Neumann, Obstructions to Minimal Fibrations of Hyperbolic Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Columbia University; Member, School of 3-Manifolds F Joel Hass, University Seminar I F The Deterministic Communication Mathematics of California, Davis; Member, School of Complexity of Approximate Fixed Point F Omri Mathematics Weinstein, New York University February 1 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics February 10 Members’ Seminar F Mock and Quantum Modular Seminar I F Constant-Round Interactive-Proofs for Mathematical Conversations F Hyperbolicity in Forms F Amanda Folsom, Amherst College; Delegating Computations F Ron Rothblum, Dynamics F Steven Frankel, Member, School von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology of Mathematics February 23 Members’ Seminar F The Space of Surface Shapes February 11 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics and Some Applications to Biology F Joel Hass, Augmentations and Legendrians at the IAS F Seminar II F Minkowski Sums, Mixed Faces, and University of California, Davis; Member, School Restrictions on the Fundamental Group of Some Combinatorial Isoperimetry F Karim Alexander of Mathematics Lagrangian Cobordisms F Baptiste Chantraine, Adiprasito, Member, School of Mathematics Université de Nantes February 2 Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Free Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Augmentations and Legendrians at the IAS F Group Cayley Graph and Measure Decompositions F Seminar II F Constant-Round Interactive- Toward a Contact Fukaya Category F Lenny Yong Hou, Princeton University; Visitor, Proofs for Delegating Computations (continued) F Ng, Duke University F Satellite Operations School of Mathematics Ron Rothblum, Massachusetts Institute of and Legendrian Knot Theory F John Etnyre, Technology Georgia Institute of Technology; Member, Analysis Seminar F Stochastic Quantization School of Mathematics Equations F Hao Shen, Columbia University Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Profinite Rigidity and Flexibility for Compact 3-Manifold Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory February 24 Groups F Alan Reid, The University of Texas at Analysis Seminar F Global Existence and Austin; Member, School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Convergence of Solutions to Gradient Systems and Seminar F Statistics of Abelian Varieties over Finite Applications to Yang-Mills Flow F Paul Feehan, February 4 Fields F Michael Lipnowski, Duke University Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Member, School of Mathematics Floer Theory Revisited F Mohammed February 12 Abouzaid, Columbia University Augmentations and Legendrians at the IAS F February 25 A Frontal View on Lefschetz Fibrations I F Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Emmy Murphy, Massachusetts Institute Positive Loops—On a Question by Eliashberg- of Technology F A Frontal View on Lefschetz Polterovich and a Contact Systolic Inequality F Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Fibrations II F Roger Casals, Massachusetts Peter Albers, Universität Münster Seminar F Cycles on the Moduli of Shtukas and Institute of Technology F A Quantitative Look at Taylor Coefficients of L-Functions F Wei Zhang, Lagrangian Cobordisms F Lisa Traynor, Bryn Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Columbia University Mawr College; Member, School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number February 5 February 15 Theory Seminar F Euler Systems for Rankin- Mathematical Conversations F Computer Algebra Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Minimal Selberg Convolutions and Generalisations F Sarah Systems, Formal Proofs, and Interactive Theorem Surfaces in 3-Manifold Topology F Dan Ketover, Zerbes, University College London Proving F Anders Mörtberg, Member, School Imperial College London of Mathematics February 29 February 16 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics February 8 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I F Graph Isomorphism in Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar II F The Singularity of Symbolic Matrices F Quasipolynomial Time I F László Babai, The Seminar I F Bipartite Perfect Matching Is in Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor, University of Chicago Quasi-NC F Stephen Fenner, University of School of Mathematics South Carolina Members’ Seminar F Word Measures on Unitary February 17 Groups F Doron Puder, Member, School of Members’ Seminar F The Singularity of Symbolic Mathematical Conversations F Quantum Chaos Mathematics Matrices F Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass and Eigenvalue Statistics F Zeev Rudnick, Professor, School of Mathematics Tel Aviv University; Member, School of March 1 Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Special Analysis/Number Theory Seminar F Seminar II F Graph Isomorphism in Variance of Sums of Arithmetic Functions over Primes February 18 Quasipolynomial Time II F László Babai, The in Short Intervals F Jon Keating, University of Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F University of Chicago Bristol Spectral Invariants for Contactomorphisms of Prequantization Bundles and Applications F Frol Zapolsky, University of Haifa

67 Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Morse Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory March 22 Index and Multiplicity of Min-Max Minimal Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Hypersurfaces F Fernando Codá Marques, Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar II F The Resolution Proof System F Avi Princeton University Seminar F Iwasawa Theory for the Symmetric Square Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor, of a Modular Form F David Loeffler, University School of Mathematics March 2 of Warwick Analysis Seminar F Supersymmetric Approach Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Slowly to Random Band Matrices F Tatyana March 14 Converging Pseudo-Anosovs F Mark Bell, Shcherbyna, Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Seminar I F Lower Bounds for Homogeneous Mathematical Conversations F Totally Geodesic Depth-5 Arithmetic Circuits over Finite Fields F March 23 Surfaces in Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds F Alan Reid, Mrinal Kumar, Rutgers, The State University Analysis Seminar F Universality for Random The University of Texas at Austin; Member, of New Jersey Matrices Beyond Mean Field Models F Paul School of Mathematics Bourgade, New York University March 15 March 3 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics March 24 Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Seminar II F Proof Complexity—An Introduction F Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Subflexible Symplectic Manifolds F Kyler Siegel, Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor, Stanford University School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F Low-Lying, Fundamental, Reciprocal Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Analysis Seminar F Topology of the Set of Geodesics F Alex Kontorovich, Rutgers, The Singularities of Viscosity Solutions of the Hamilton- State University of New Jersey; Member, School Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Jacobi Equation F Albert Fathi, École Normale of Mathematics Seminar F Density of Polynomials with Squarefree Supérieure de Lyon Discriminant F Jerry Wang, Princeton March 25 University Hermann Weyl Lectures F Weyl Groups, and Mathematical Conversations F Conversations Their Generalizations, in Enumerative Geometry I F on Schubert’s “Wandererfantasie” F Valentin March 4 Andrei Okounkov, Columbia University Blomer, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Seminar F The Asymptotic Behavior of Sup Norms March 16 of Maass Forms F Simon Marshall, University Analysis Seminar F Local Eigenvalue Statistics March 28 of Wisconsin–Madison for Random Regular Graphs F Roland Workshop on Thin Groups and Super Bauerschmidt, Harvard University Approximation March 7 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Hermann Weyl Lectures F Weyl Groups, and Their Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I F Almost Optimal Sum of Squares Lower Generalizations, in Enumerative Geometry II F Seminar I F A Local Central Limit Theorem Bound for Planted Clique F Pravesh Kothari, Andrei Okounkov, Columbia University for Triangles in a Random Graph F Swastik The University of Texas at Austin Kopparty, Rutgers, The State University of Mathematical Conversations F p-adic Numbers New Jersey March 8 in Cryptography and Data Compression F Mark Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Goresky, Member, School of Mathematics March 29 Seminar II F Fast Learning Requires Good Workshop on Thin Groups and Super Memory: A Time-Space Lower Bound for Parity March 17 Approximation Learning F Ran Raz, Weizmann Institute Hermann Weyl Lectures F Weyl Groups, and Their of Science; Visiting Professor, School of Generalizations, in Enumerative Geometry III F March 30 Mathematics Andrei Okounkov, Columbia University Workshop on Thin Groups and Super Approximation Analysis Seminar F The Hidden Landscape March 18 of Localization of Eigenfunctions F Svitlana Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Mathematical Conversations F What Is the Mayboroda, University of Minnesota Counting Closed Orbits of Anosov Flows in Free Fukaya Category? F Octav Cornea, Université Homotopy Classes F Sergio Fenley, Florida de Montréal; Member, School of Mathematics Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Proper State University; Visitor, School of Mathematics Affine Actions of Right-Angled Coxeter Groups F March 31 Jeffrey Danciger, The University of Texas at March 21 Workshop on Thin Groups and Super Austin Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Approximation Seminar I F Polynomial-Time Tensor Decompositions March 9 via Sum-of-Squares F Tengyu Ma, Princeton Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Mathematical Conversations F Where a Surface University Is Determined by Its Boundary: The World of Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Lagrangian Fillings of Legendrian Knots F Lisa Members’ Seminar F An Introduction to the Cellular Homology, Augmentations, and Generating Traynor, Bryn Mawr College; Member, School abc Conjecture F Héctor Pastén Vásquez, Families for Legendrian Surfaces F Michael of Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics Sullivan, University of Massachusetts

March 10 Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Stable Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Homotopy Theory and Floer Theory F Thomas Seminar F Lambda-adic Waldspurger Packets F Homological Mirror Symmetry for Singularities Kragh, Uppsala University Vinayak Vatsal, The University of British of Type Tpqr F Ailsa Keating, Columbia Columbia University

68 April 1 April 9 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Workshop on Thin Groups and Super Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order Approximation in Complex Systems F Volumes of the Basins of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Attraction for Mechanically Stable Disk Packings F Theory Seminar F Standard Conjecture of Künneth Princeton/IAS/Columbia Symplectic Geometry Corey O’Hern, Yale University F Towards a Type with Torsion Coefficients F Junecue Suh, Seminar F Log Canonical Threshold and Floer Homological Description of Nonlinear Dynamics F University of California, Santa Cruz Homology of the Monodromy F Mark McLean, Konstantin Mischaikow, Rutgers, The State Stony Brook University, The State University of University of New Jersey F Metrics on the Space of April 25 New York F Infinitely Many Monotone Lagrangian Shapes, and Applications to Biology F Joel Hass, Analysis Seminar F Exponential Convergence to Tori in Del Pezzo Surfaces F Renato Vianna, University of California, Davis; Member, School the Maxwell Distribution of Solutions of Spatially University of Cambridge of Mathematics F A Topological Predictor of Protein Inhomogenous Boltzmann Equations F Gang Compressibility F Vidit Nanda, University of Zhou, California Institute of Technology April 4 Pennsylvania Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics April 26 Seminar I F An Average-Case Depth Hierarchy April 11 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Theorem for Boolean Circuits I F Li-Yang Tan, Members’ Seminar F Applications of Thin Orbits F Seminar II F Reed-Muller Codes for Random Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago Alex Kontorovich, Rutgers, The State Erasures and Errors F Amir Shpilka, Tel Aviv Members’ Seminar F Knot Surgery and Heegaard University of New Jersey; Member, School of University Floer Homology F Jennifer Hom, Member, Mathematics School of Mathematics April 27 April 12 Analysis Seminar F Random Data Cauchy Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F The Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Veering Theory for Some Nonlinear Wave Equations F Solution to the Sphere Packing Problem in 24 Dehn Surgery F Saul Schleimer, University of Dana Mendelson, Member, School of Dimensions via Modular Forms F Stephen Warwick Mathematics F On the Kinetic Fokker-Planck Miller, Rutgers, The State University of New Equation in Bounded Domains F Juhi Jang, Jersey April 14 University of Southern California; von Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics April 5 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F A Graph April 28 Seminar II F An Average-Case Depth Hierarchy Coloring Problem and Its Algebraic and Topological Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Theorem for Boolean Circuits II F Li-Yang Tan, Consequences F Daniel Wise, McGill University Small Symplectic and Exotic 4-Manifolds via Positive Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago and Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Factorizations F R. İnanç Baykur, University of Massachusetts Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Collapsing Hyperbolic Structures: From Rigidity Theory Seminar F Optimal Strong Approximation Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory to Flexibility and Back F Steve Kerckhoff, for Quadratic Forms F Naser Talebizadeh Stanford University Sardari Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F Variation of Canonical Height, April 6 April 15 Illustrated F Laura de Marco, Northwestern Analysis Seminar F Quantum Yang-Mills Theory in Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F University Two Dimensions: Exact vs. Perturbative F Timothy Symplectic Embeddings and Infinite Staircases F Nguyen, Michigan State University Ana Rita Pires, Fordham University May 3 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematical Conversations F Entrance Path April 19 Seminar II F Fourier Tails for Boolean Functions Category of a Stratified Space F Amit Patel, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics and Their Applications F Avishay Tal, Member, Member, School of Mathematics Seminar II F A Characterization of Functions School of Mathematics with Vanishing Averages over Products of Disjoint April 7 Sets F Pooya Hatami, Member, School of Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Mathematics NonLERFness of Groups of Certain Mixed Seminar F Stein Fillings of Cotangent Bundles 3-Manifolds and Arithmetic Hyperbolic of Surfaces F Jeremy van Horn Morris, Analysis Seminar F Spectral Gaps via n-Manifolds F Hongbin Sun, University University of Arkansas F Classification Additive Combinatorics F Semyon Dyatlov, of California, Berkeley Results for Two-Dimensional Lagrangian Tori F Massachusetts Institute of Technology F On the Georgios Dimitroglou-Rizell, University of Number of Nodal Domains of Toral Eigenfunctions F May 4 Cambridge F Filtering the Heegaard-Floer Contact Igor Wigman, King’s College London Analysis Seminar F The Minimum Modulus Invariant F Gordana Matic, University of Problem for Covering Systems F Robert Daniel Georgia April 20 Hough, Member, School of Mathematics Geometric Structures on 3-Manifolds F Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Meridional Essential Surfaces of Unbounded Euler May 5 Characteristics in Knot Complements F João Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Nogueira, Universidade de Coimbra Theory Seminar F Rational Curves on Elliptic Theory Seminar F Potential Automorphy of Gˆ - Surfaces F Douglas Ulmer, Georgia Institute Local Systems F Jack Thorne, University of April 21 of Technology Cambridge Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F A Heegaard Floer Analog of Algebraic Torsion F May 6 Cagatay Kutluhan, University at Buffalo, The Celebrating Emmy Noether F Symmetry State University of New York; von Neumann and Conservation Laws: Noether’s Contribution Fellow, School of Mathematics to Physics F Karen Uhlenbeck, The

69 University of Texas at Austin; Visitor, School June 17–18 October 8 of Mathematics F Emmy Noether: Breathtaking Conference for African American Researchers Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Tuning the Mathematics F Georgia Benkart, University of in the Mathematical Sciences Clock: Making Sense of Stellar Rotation Observed Wisconsin–Madison with Kepler F Jennifer L. van Saders, School of Natural Sciences Carnegie Observatories, Carnegie Institution May 10 for Science 2016 Women and Mathematics ASTROPHYSICS ACTIVITIES October 12 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Theory Seminar F On the Hilbert Property and July 6 Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch the Fundamental Group of Algebraic Varieties F Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Discussion F Helium Reionization Simulations: Umberto Zannier, Scuola Normale Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Seeing the Forest for the Trees F Paul La Plante, Superiore di Pisa Discussion F Fast, Accurate Predictions of Galaxy Carnegie Mellon University Auto and Cross Power Spectra with Cosmic May 11–13 Emulators F Juliana Kwan, University of October 13 2016 Women and Mathematics Pennsylvania Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F May 16 September 15 The Macrophysics and Microphysics of Cosmic 2016 Women and Mathematics F Visit to Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Rays F Ellen Zweibel, University of Princeton University University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Wisconsin–Madison The Gravity of Kepler Systems F Eric Agol, May 17–20 University of Washington October 15 2016 Women and Mathematics Astrophysics Informal Seminar F New Tests of September 17 Not-So-Dark Matter F Yacine Ali-Haïmoud, May 19 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Superfluid Johns Hopkins University Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Dark Matter F Lasha Berezhiani, Princeton Theory Seminar F On p-Torsion in Class Groups University October 20 of Number Fields F Lillian Pierce, Duke Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton University September 22 University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Lonely Galaxies: The Baryon Content of Isolated May 21–24 University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Dwarf Galaxies F Marla Geha, Yale University Analysis and Beyond: Celebrating Jean Order Out of Chaos: Formation of Galaxies in a Bourgain’s Work and Its Impact F Hierarchical Universe F Andrey Kravtsov, October 22 Organizers and Lecturers: Peter Sarnak, The University of Chicago Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Probing the Professor, School of Mathematics; Sergei Primordial Universe with Large-Scale Structure F Konyagin, Moscow State University; Alireza September 28 Valentin Assassi, Institute for Advanced Salehi Golsefidy, University of California, Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural Sciences San Diego; Alex Gamburd, University of Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch California, Santa Cruz; Alex Kontorovich, Discussion F Oscillations in the CMB Bispectrum October 26 Institute for Advanced Study; Tamar Ziegler, —Theory and Data Analysis F Moritz Princeton University/Institute for Advanced The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Enrico Münchmeyer, Institut d’Astrophysique Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Bombieri, Professor Emeritus, School of de Paris Discussion F Modelling the Large Scale Structure Mathematics; Terence Tao, University with and without Massive Neutrinos F Elena of California, Los Angeles; Larry Guth, September 29 Massara, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Studi Avanzati Ciprian Demeter, Indiana University; University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Assaf Naor, Princeton University; Haim New Insights into Stellar Interiors from Astero October 27 Brezis, Rutgers, The State University of New seismology F Lars Bildsten, Kavli Institute for Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Jersey; Vitali Milman, Tel Aviv University; Theoretical Physics, University of California, University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Gilles Pisier, Texas A&M University; Peter Santa Barbara The Surprisingly Dynamic Last Years in the Lives of Sarnak, Professor, School of Mathematics; Massive Stars F Eliot Quataert, University of Gil Kalai, The Hebrew University of October 1 California, Berkeley Jerusalen; Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Young Pulsars Professor, School of Mathematics; Svetlana and the Galactic Center GeV Gamma-Ray Excess F October 29 Jitomirskaya, University of California, Irvine; Ryan O’Leary, University of Colorado Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Looking for Wilhelm Schlag, University of Chicago; Dark Matter in the Neutrino Sector: A Tale of Gigliola Staffilani, Massachusetts Institute of October 6 Weak Interactions in the Strong Coupling Epoch F Technology; Andrea Nahmod, University Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Tejaswi Venumadhav Nerella, Institute for of Massachusetts; Carlos Kenig, University University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural of Chicago; Péter Varjú, University of MINERVA-Red: An Intensive Survey for Planets Sciences Cambridge; Elon Lindenstrauss, The Orbiting the Nearest Low-Mass Stars to the Sun F Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Emmanuel Cullen Blake, University of Pennsylvania November 2 Breuillard, Université of Paris-Sud 11 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch May 26 Discussion F Cosmology Constraints from Weak Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Lensing Non-Gaussian Statistics F Jia Liu, Seminar F Divisibility of Coefficients of Modular Columbia University Forms F Joel Bellaiche, Brandeis University

70 November 3 December 3 February 8 Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Unhealthy Princeton University/Institute for Advanced University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Nu Lives of Companions to Millisecond Pulsars F Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Physics in the CMB F Daniel Green, Canadian E. Sterl Phinney, California Institute of Discussion F Evidence for the kSZ Effect with Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics Technology ACTPol and BOSS: Probing Baryon Physics in Galaxy Groups and Clusters F Emmanuel November 5 December 8 Schaan, Princeton University Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Mapping the Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Circumgalactic Medium: The Origin and Structure University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F February 11 of the Hidden Reservoir of Gas Around Galaxies F Cosmological Calorimetry: The Nature of Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Dark Hydrogen Rongmon Bordoloi, Massachusetts Institute the Intergalactic Medium and the Photon with Hyperfine Interactions F Kimberly Boddy, of Technology Underproduction Crisis F Juna Kollmeier, University of Hawai‘i at Ma¯noa Carnegie Observatories, Carnegie Instititution November 10 of Science; Junior Visiting Professor, School of February 18 Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Natural Sciences Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Stellar Dynamics University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F around a Massive Black Hole F Ben Bar-Or, Climate Dynamics of Condensible-Rich Exoplanet December 10 Institute for Advanced Study; Member, School Atmospheres F Ray Pierrehumbert, University Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Interaction of of Natural Sciences of Oxford Exoplanet Upper Atmospheres with Stellar Radiation and Winds F Phil Arras, University of Virginia February 25 November 12 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Circumgalactic Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Surprises December 14 Cosmology F Masataka Fukugita, The in Relativistic Simulations of Compact Object Princeton University/Institute for Advanced University of Tokyo Binaries Involving Neutron Stars F Vasileios Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Paschalidis, Princeton University Discussion F The Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect February 29 Associated with Quasar Feedback F Devin Princeton University/Institute for Advanced November 16 Crichton, Johns Hopkins University F Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Hemispherical Asymmetry and its Cosmological Discussion F Large-Scale Structure Constraints Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Implications F Suvodip Mukherjee, with Controlled Theoretical Uncertainties F Marko Discussion F On Improving the Models of Cosmic Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Simonović, Institute for Advanced Study; Reionization F Alexander Kaurov, The Astrophysics Member, School of Natural Sciences University of Chicago December 15 March 3 November 17 Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Fire and Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Ice: The Role of Energetic Processes in the Cold University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Crash, Boom, Bang: Giant Impacts and the Chemistry of Protoplanetary Disks F Ilse Cleeves, The Social Life of Spacecraft: How Socio-Technical Formation of Planets at Home and Abroad F Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Organization Matters in Scientific Work F Janet Hilke Schlichting, Massachusetts Institute Vertesi, Princeton University of Technology March 14 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced November 19 January 14 Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Why are Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Sweating the Discussion F CMB-S4 Discussion F Erminia Quasars Not Just Scaled-Up Black Hole X-Ray Small Stuff: Simulating Dwarf Galaxies, Ultra- Calabrese and Nicholas Battaglia, Binaries? F Shane Davis, University of Faint Dwarf Galaxies, and Their Own Tiny Princeton University, and Vera Gluscevic, Virginia Satellites F Coral Wheeler, University of Institute for Advanced Study; Member, School California, Irvine of Natural Sciences November 24 Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton January 19 March 17 University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Long- Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Warm Stellar Forensics with Explosions: Supernovae, Term Evolution of Hierarchical Systems F Adrian Circumstellar Debris Disks: Diagnosing the Gamma-Ray Bursts, and Their Environments F Hamers, Universiteit Leiden Unseen Perturber F Erika Nesvold, Carnegie Maryam Modjaz, New York University Institution for Science January 25 November 30 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced March 24 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Probing the Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Discussion F CHIME: The Canadian Hydrogen Inner Accretion Flow of Supermassive Black Holes Discussion F A Direct Measurement of Tomographic Intensity Mapping Experiment F Kendrick with X-Ray Reverberation Mapping F Erin Kara, Lensing Power Spectra from CFHTLenS F Fabian Smith, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical University of Maryland Köhlinger, Universiteit Leiden Physics March 28 December 1 February 4 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Observational Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Tests of SN Ia Explosion Models in a Paradigm Discussion F Mapping Merging Clusters with Weak Forming Massive Galaxies F Pieter van Shift F Subo Dong, Kavli Institute for Lensing F Elinor Medezinski, Princeton Dokkum, Yale University Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University University

71 March 31 HIGH ENERGY THEORY October 21 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Evidence for Physics Group Meeting F The BMS Group F ACTIVITIES Excess Dark Matter at the Galactic Plane F Nir Discussion group led by Aron Wall, Institute Shaviv, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem for Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural September 11 Sciences April 11 High Energy Theory Seminar F 6d (2,0) Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Theories from the Ground Up F Clay Cordova, October 23 Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Institute for Advanced Study; Long-term High Energy Theory Seminar F A Perfect Discussion F Peaks, Exclusion, and the BAO Member, School of Natural Sciences Bounce F Neil Turok, Perimeter Institute for Scale F Tobias Baldauf, Institute for Advanced Theoretical Physics Study; Member, School of Natural Sciences September 16 Physics Group Meeting F Euclidean Wormholes F October 28 April 14 Discussion group led by Juan Maldacena, Physics Group Meeting F The Second Run of Astrophysics Informal Seminar F CMB Spectral Carl P. Feinberg Professor, School of Natural the LHC F Discussion group led by Raffaele Distortions within LCDM F Jens Chluba, The Sciences Tito D’Agnolo, Member, School of Natural University of Manchester Sciences September 21 April 21 High Energy Theory Seminar F A Simple Model November 2 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Transiting of Quantum Holography F Alexei Y. Kitaev, High Energy Theory Seminar F Gravity Circumplanetary Disks F Eric Mamajek, California Institute of Technology Dual of Relative Entropy F Nima Lashkari, University of Rochester Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 23 April 25 Physics Group Meeting F Kitaev’s Model and November 4 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced AdS2 F Discussion group led by Douglas Physics Group Meeting F Anomalies, Conformal Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Stanford, Institute for Advanced Study; Long- Manifolds, and Spheres F Discussion group led by Discussion F BH Binaries From Early Universe and term Member, School of Natural Sciences Nathan Seiberg, Professor, School of Natural LIGO F Takamitsu Tanaka, Stony Brook Sciences University, The State University of New York September 25 High Energy Theory Seminar F Topologically November 11 May 12 Twisted Index and Casson-Walker Invariant F Physics Group Meeting F Aspects of BPS Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Quasinormal Pavel Putrov, Institute for Advanced Study; Particles F Discussion group led by Clay Modes Beyond Kerr Black Holes F Aaron Member, School of Natural Sciences Cordova, Institute for Advanced Study; Long- Zimmerman, Canadian Institute for term Member, School of Natural Sciences, Theoretical Astrophysics September 30 Physics Group Meeting F Fluid Dynamics as November 12 May 19 an Effective Field Theory—Recent Progress and Phenomenology Seminar F Discovering or Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Gravitational Open Problems F Discussion group led by Falsifying sub-GeV Thermal Dark Matter F Lensing of Transient Events F Liang Dai, Loganayagam Ramalingam, Institute for Gordan Krnjaic, Fermilab Institute for Advanced Study; Member, School Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural of Natural Sciences Sciences November 16 High Energy Theory Seminar F New Area May 9 October 5 Law in General Relativity (and Beyond) F Netta Princeton University/Institute for Advanced High Energy Theory Seminar F Soft Dilaton Engelhardt, University of California, Santa Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Theorems F Rutger Boels, Deutsches Barbara Discussion F Cosmological Constraints from a Joint Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Universität Analysis of CMB Lensing and Galaxy Density F Hamburg November 18 Cyrille Doux, Laboratoire AstroParticule et Physics Group Meeting F Supersymmetric Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot October 7 Operator Algebras F Discussion group led by Physics Group Meeting F The Cosmological Christopher John Beem, Institute for June 2 Constant and the String Landscape F General Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Lyman- Discussion Sciences Alpha Forest and DLAs: Probes to Large-Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation F Jordi October 9 November 20 Miralda-Escude, Universitat de Barcelona High Energy Theory Seminar F Fermion Path High Energy Theory Seminar F Entanglement, Integrals and Topological Phases F Edward Spacetime, and Quantum Error Correction F June 16 Witten, Charles Simonyi Professor, School of Xi Dong, Institute for Advanced Study; Astrophysics Special Talk F Paul Dirac: Natural Sciences Member, School of Natural Sciences The Theorist’s Theorist F Graham Farmelo, University of Cambridge October 14 November 25 Physics Group Meeting F Mysteries in the Physics Group Meeting F On the Uniqueness of June 27 Conformal Bootstrap F Discussion group led String Theory F Discussion group led by Nima Princeton University/Institute for Advanced by David Poland, Junior Visiting Professor, Arkani-Hamed, Professor, School of Natural Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch School of Natural Sciences Sciences Discussion F Dark Energy from 21cm Intensity Mapping: the BINGO Telescope F Elisa October 19 November 30 Ferreira, McGill University High Energy Theory Seminar F A Cosmological High Energy Theory Seminar F Signs of Hope: Solution to the Hierarchy Problem F David A Few LHC Run I Results to Watch for Run II F Kaplan, Johns Hopkins University Maurizio Pierini, CERN

72 December 4 February 5 March 16 High Energy Theory Seminar F Bulk Energy High Energy Theory Seminar F Tree and One- Physics Group Meeting F ER=EPR and Conditions from Relative Entropy and Comments on Loop Amplitudes from Scattering Equations F Copenhagen-Everett Duality F Discussion Bulk Reconstruction F Jennifer Lin, Institute for Ellis Ye Yuan, Institute for Advanced Study; group led by Leonard Susskind, Stanford Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural Member, School of Natural Sciences University Sciences February 10 March 18 December 9 Physics Group Meeting F Entropy Bounds F High Energy Theory Seminar F 2d (0,2) Gauge Physics Group Meeting F Charactering CFT’s Discussion group led by Aron Wall, Institute Theories and Calabi-Yau 4-Fold Singularities F with Gravitational Description F Discussion group for Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural Sangmin Lee, Seoul National University; led by Hirosi Ooguri, California Institute of Sciences Member, School of Natural Sciences Technology; Visiting Professor, School of Natural Sciences February 11 March 17 Informal Phenomenology Seminar F Colliding Physics Group Meeting F Latest Announcements December 14 into the Galaxy F Philip Harris, CERN from CMS F General Discussion High Energy Theory Seminar F Chaos in Quantum Channels F Daniel Roberts, February 17 March 23 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Physics Group Meeting F Entanglement and Physics Group Meeting F Categorification of Gravity F Discussion group led by Jennifer Chern-Simons Partition Function F Discussion December 15 Lin, Institute for Advanced Study; Member, group led by Pavel Putrov, Institute for Pheno & Vino Seminar F New Directions in School of Natural Sciences Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural Searching for the Dark Universe F Surjeet Sciences Rajendran, University of California, Berkeley February 19 High Energy Theory Seminar F Multiloop March 28 December 16 Scattering Amplitudes in String and Field Theory F High Energy Theory Seminar F Linearity of Physics Group Meeting F Color-Kinematics in Carlos Mafra, Institute for Advanced Study; Holographic Entanglement Entropy F Ahmed Scattering Amplitudes F Discussion group led Member, School of Natural Sciences Almheiri, Stanford University by John J. Carrasco, Stanford University; Member, School of Natural Sciences February 24 March 30 Physics Group Meeting F Gauged Linear Sigma Physics Group Meeting F Tensor Networks and January 13 Models, B-branes, and Hemispheres F Discussion Spacetime Geometry F General Discussion Physics Group Meeting F Perturbative String group led by Mauricio Romo, Institute for Scattering Amplitudes with the Pure Spinor Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural April 1 Formalism F Discussion group led by Carlos Sciences High Energy Theory Seminar F Cross-Order Mafra, Institute for Advanced Study; Member, Relations from Maximal Unitarity F David School of Natural Sciences February 29 Kosower, CEA/Saclay; Member, School of High Energy Theory Seminar F On Information Natural Sciences January 20 Loss in AdS3/CFT2 F Jared Kaplan, Johns Physics Group Meeting F Soft Gravitons F Hopkins University April 6 Discussion group led by Ellis Ye Yuan, Physics Group Meeting F Quantum Statistics Institute for Advanced Study; Member, School March 2 and Spacetime Topology F Discussion group led of Natural Sciences Physics Group Meeting F Looking for a Bulk by Juven Chun-Fan Wang, Institute for Point F Discussion group led by David Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural January 22 Simmons-Duffin, Institute for Advanced Sciences High Energy Theory Seminar F Possibilities for Study; Long-term Member, School of Natural the 750 GeV Excess F Matthew Low, Institute Sciences April 11 for Advanced Study; Member, School of Natural High Energy Theory Seminar F Charge-Vortex Sciences March 4 Duality and Dirac Fermions in (2+1)d F Chong High Energy Theory Seminar F B-brane Transport Wang, Harvard University January 27 on (Non-)abelian Gauged Linear sigma Models F Physics Group Meeting F The Diphoton Mauricio Romo, Institute for Advanced Study; April 13 Excess and Physics Beyond the Standard Model F Member, School of Natural Sciences Physics Group Meeting F Replica Symmetry Discussion group led by Nima Arkani- Breaking F Discussion group led by Dionysios Hamed, Professor, School of Natural Sciences March 9 Anninos, Institute for Advanced Study; Physics Group Meeting F Integration by Parts Member, School of Natural Sciences February 1 for Feynman Integrals F Discussion group led High Energy Theory Seminar F Landau by David Kosower, CEA/Saclay; Member, April 20 Singularities and Symbology F Marcus Spradlin, School of Natural Sciences Physics Group Meeting F Conformal Constraints Brown University on Defects F Discussion group led by Abhijit March 14 Gadde, Institute for Advanced Study; Member, February 3 High Energy Theory Seminar F Complexity School of Natural Sciences Physics Group Meeting F The Diphoton Behind the Horizon F Leonard Susskind, Excess and Physics Beyond the Standard Model Stanford University April 25 (continued) F Discussion group led by Nima High Energy Theory Seminar F Elliptic Calabi- Arkani-Hamed, Professor, School of Natural Yau Manifolds and the F-Theory Landscape F Sciences Washington Taylor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

73 April 27 Organizers and Lecturers: Michael Barnes, October 14 Physics Group Meeting F Framed BPS States University of Oxford; Matthew Ericson, The Simons Center for Systems Biology and Quantum Holonomies F Discussion group led The New York Times; Charles Gammie, Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ by Maxime Gabella, Institute for Advanced University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Population Study; Member, School of Natural Sciences Matthew Kunz, Princeton University; Luis Dynamics of Reproducing Complex Systems F Guy Lehner, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Bunin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology April 29 Physics; Robert Lupton, Princeton University; Informal HET Seminar F High-Temperature Tamara Munzner, The University of British November 16 Asymptotics of the 4d Superconfomal Index F Arash Columbia; Eve Ostriker, Princeton University; The Simons Center for Systems Biology Arabi Ardehali, University of Michigan Eliot Quataert, University of California, Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Berkeley; Anatoly Spitkovsky, Princeton Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Model of April 29 University; Jim Stone, Princeton University; Immune Strategies F Olivier Rivoire, CNRS High Energy Theory Seminar F Alexander Tchekhovskoy, University of and Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1) Efficiency=Geometry? Decoding the DNA of California, Berkeley; Peter Teuben, University Prediction in Gauge, Gravity, and Effective Field of Maryland; Scott Tremaine, Richard Black December 2 Theories F John J. Carrasco, Stanford Professor, School of Natural Sciences; Olindo Joshua Lederberg–John von Neumann University; Member, School of Natural Sciences Zanotti, Università degli Studi di Trento; Symposium F Multiple Timescales of Neuronal John ZuHone, Smithsonian Astrophysical Computation F Adrienne Fairhall, University May 4 Observatory; Ellen Zweibel, University of of Washington F Evolutionary Tradeoffs and Physics Group Meeting F On Kevin Costello’s Wisconsin–Madison the Geometry of Phenotype Space F Uri Alon, Approach to Integrable Spin Systems F Discussion Weizmann Institute of Science F Navigating group led by Edward Witten, Charles THE SIMONS CENTER the Manifolds of the Brain F Yasser Roudi, Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Sciences Norwegian University of Science and FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY Technology; Member, School of Natural May 11 ACTIVITIES Sciences F Tired with Phase Transitions F Physics Group Meeting F Constraints on Alessandro Treves, Scuola Internazionale Electromagnetism from Quantum Gravity F July 15 Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste F Symmetry Discussion group led by Daniel Harlow, The Simons Center for Systems Biology and Adaptation in C. elegans’s Response to Touch F Harvard University Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Massimo Vergassola, University of Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Stochastic California, San Diego May 13 Thermodynamics of Interacting Motors F Alberto High Energy Theory Seminar F Weinberg Soft Imparato, Aarhus University December 3 Theorems from Weinberg Adiabatic Modes F Marko The Simons Center for Systems Biology Simonivić, Institute for Advanced Study; August 5 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Member, School of Natural Sciences The Simons Center for Systems Biology Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Mikhael Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Gromov, New York University May 16 Quantitative Aspects of Biology F High Energy Theory Seminar F Effective Field Thermodynamics of Information Processing in December 9 F Theory of Dissipative Fluids Hong Liu, Biology F Pablo Sartori, Max-Planck-Institut The Simons Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology für Physik Komplexer Systeme Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Evolution of May 18 October 6 Genomic Binding Landscapes by Global Selection F Physics Group Meeting F 4d, N=3 Superconformal The Simons Center for Systems Biology Edo Kussell, New York University F Theories Discussion group led by Sangmin Seminar F Survival of the Simplest or the Fastest F Lee, Seoul National University; Member, Michael Lässig, Universität zu Köln December 16 School of Natural Sciences The Simons Center for Systems Biology October 7 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ May 20 The Simons Center for Systems Biology Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Circuit High Energy Theory Seminar F Scattering Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Mechanisms for Flexible Sensory Processing in F F Amplitudes in Binary Nima Arkani-Hamed, Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Aging in Drosophila Vanessa Ruta, The Rockefeller Professor, School of Natural Sciences C. elegans: The Temporal Scaling of Lifespan University Distributions F Executable Knowledge F Walter May 25 Fontana, Harvard Medical School January 6 Physics Group Meeting F Discrete Liouville F The Simons Center for Systems Biology Discussion group led by Masahito Yamazaki, October 9 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Institute for Advanced Study; Member, School Meeting with C. Denise Caldwell and Bradley Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Sanjay Jain, of Natural Sciences Keister of NSF F Neural Interactions That Support University of Delhi; Member, School of Natural Sciences Grid Cells F Yasser Roudi, Norwegian June 1 University of Science and Technology; Member, F Physics Group Meeting String Theory Low School of Natural Sciences F Predicting Influenza January 13 F Energy Expansion and M Theory Amplitudes Evolution with Fitness Models F Marta Luksza, The Simons Center for Systems Biology Discussion group led by Arnab Rudra, Columbia University; Research Associate, Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ F University of California, Davis School of Natural Sciences F Applied Topology Quantitative Aspects of Biology Simone Informs Cellular Fate at a Single-Cell Level F Pigolotti, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya July 18–29 Pablo G. Camara, Columbia University Prospects in Theoretical Physics: Computational Plasma Astrophysics

74 January 21 March 23 April 26 The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology Seminar F Applied Topology Reveals Developmental Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Progression at a Single-Cell Level F Pablo G. Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Gabriele Quantitative Aspects of Biology F A Physical Camara, Columbia University Micali, Imperial College London Model for Transcription Factories F Guillaume Le Treut, Institut de Physique Théorique, Saclay January 21 April 6 The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology April 27 Seminar F Interactive Visualization of 2-D Persistent Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ The Simons Center for Systems Biology Homology F Michael Lesnick, Princeton Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Construction Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University Grammar F Adele Goldberg, Princeton Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Bacterial University Colonies on Chitin Particles F Otto Cordero, February 17 Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Simons Center for Systems Biology April 8 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Governor’s Conference on Effective Partnering May 11 Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Gaby in Cancer Research F The Genetic Basis for The Simons Center for Systems Biology Maimon, The Rockefeller University Cancer Therapeutics F William Sellers, Novartis Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Institutes for Biomedical Research F Tackling Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Ecology February 22 the Off-Target Problem in Cancer Pharmacology F without Species F Mikhail Tikhonov, Harvard The Simons Center for Systems Biology William G. Kaelin, Jr., Dana-Farber Cancer University Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Institute F Evolution of Resistance to Targeted Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Stochastic Gene Therapies F Jeffrey Engelman, Massachusetts May 26 Switches F John Hertz, Nordita, Stockholm General Hospital Cancer Center F Role of The Simons Center for Systems Biology Mutations in Epigenetic Regulators in Pathogenesis Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ February 24 of Myeloid Malignancies F Ross L. Levine, Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Neural The Simons Center for Systems Biology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center F Networks of Unusual Mathematical Structure F Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Organoid Models of Pancreatic Cancer F David A. John Hopfield, Princeton University, and Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Life’s Engines: Tuveson, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory F Dmitry Krotov, Institute for Advanced Study; How Microbes Made Earth Habitable F Paul G. Circulating Tumor Cells: The “Liquid Biopsy” F Member, School of Natural Sciences Falkowski, Rutgers, The State University of David T. Ting, Massachusetts General Hospital New Jersey; Visitor, School of Natural Sciences Cancer Center June 27–29 Convergence Scholars Meeting F Rationale February 24 April 9–10 Design of Anticancer Combinations in Breast The Simons Center for Systems Biology Convergence Teams Meeting F Liberating the Cancer F José Baselga, Memorial Sloan Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Immunologic Response to Pancreatic Cancer F Kettering Cancer Center F Activating the Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Hydrodynamics Jeffrey Drebin, Penn Medicine F The Genetic, Immune Response in Pancreatic Cancer F Jeffrey and Collective Behavior of Tethered Microbes F Alex Epigenetic, and Immunological Underpinnings Drebin, Penn Medicine F Ecology of the Tumor Petroff, The Rockefeller University of Cancer Evolution through Treatment F Ross Microenvironment in Breast Cancer F Gurinder Levine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer S. Atwal, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory F March 2 Center F Rational Design of Anticancer Drug Genetics and Targeted Therapy of Myeloid The Simons Center for Systems Biology Combinations with Dynamic Multidimensional Malignancies: A Physician Scientist’s Perspective F Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Input F Levi Garraway, Dana-Farber Cancer Ross Levine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Belief Institute F Ecology of the Tumor Microenvironment F Cancer Center F The Microbiome: The Dark Side Propagation and Dynamical Cavity Method for Gurinder S. Atwal, Cold Spring Harbor of Cancer Immunity F Drew Pardoll, Johns Kinetic Models F Gino Del Ferraro, KTH Laboratory Hopkins School of Medicine F Mechanism- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Based Biomarkers to Guide Anti-PD-1 Cancer April 13 Immunotherapy F Suzanne Topalian, Johns March 11 The Simons Center for Systems Biology Hopkins School of Medicine F Glioblastoma The Simons Center for Systems Biology Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Evolution and under Therapy F Raul Rabadan, Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Recognizing Columbia University F Modeling Inherited Cancer Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Harmit S. Innovations within an Evolving Complex System: Syndromes F Chang Chan, Rutgers Cancer Malik, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Insights from a Stochastic Model of Autocatalytic Institute of New Jersey F New Technologies for Center Network Evolution F Sanjay Jain, University of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapies F James Delhi; Member, School of Natural Sciences Heath, California Institute of Technology F New York Metropolitan Area Discussion Group Single-Cell 42-Plex Cytokine Profiling: Evaluating in Mathematics and Oncology F The Evolution April 22 the Quality of T Cells in Immune Defense and the of Tumor Formation in Mice and Humans with The Simons Center for Systems Biology Craziness of these Cells If They Go Wild F Rong Germline p53 Mutations F Arnold Levine, Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Fan, Yale University F Hitting HIV Where It Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences F Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Oliver Hurts F Arup Chakraborty, Massachusetts Topological Methods for Complex Data F Gunnar Rando, University of Massachusetts Medical Institute of Technology F Tumor Suppressor Carlsson, Stanford University F Dimensionality School and Tumor Maintenance Genes F Scott Lowe, Reduction in Spaces of Phylogenetic Trees F Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center F Andrew Blumberg, The University of Texas April 25 RNA Technologies to Understand Transcriptional at Austin The Simons Center for Systems Biology Heterogeneity F David T. Ting, Massachusetts Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Walter Medical School F Functional Genomics F Fontana, Harvard Medical School Robert Darnell, The Rockefeller University F Autoimmunity and Cancer F Melanie

75 Kleinschek, Theravance Biopharma F November 2 December 14 Accelerating Biomarker and Therapeutic Discovery Social Science Lunch Seminar F Motivating Social Science Lunch Seminar F Humanity with Organoid Models of Pancreatic Cancer F Solidarity with Distant Others: Empathic Politics, Interrogated: Forging Liberal Warfare through the Dannielle Engle and Herve Tiriac, Cold Responsibility, and the Problem of Global Justice F Interrogation Rooms of the Korean War F Monica Spring Harbor Laboratory Carol C. Gould, The Graduate Center, The Kim, New York University; Member, School of City University of New York; Member, School Social Science School of Social Science of Social Science January 25 August 30–September 11 November 9 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Palestinian Summer Program in Social Science Social Science Lunch Seminar F Rewriting Refugees and the Space of Appearance: Notes on the (African) State From the Margins: Can It Be Kinship in the Camps of Tyre, Lebanon F Sylvain September 24 Done? F Paul Nugent, The University of Perdigon, American University of Beirut; School Welcome Party Edinburgh; Member, School of Social Science Member, School of Social Science

September 28 November 11 January 27 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Selective Borders and Boundaries Seminar F The Borders and Boundaries Seminar F The Migration and the Health of Black Immigrants in the Contestation of Borders: Ethical, Political, and Signification of Boundaries: A Critical Approach United States F Tod G. Hamilton, Princeton Economic Perspectives University; Member, School of Social Science Borders and Boundaries Film Series F The Class, Borders and Boundaries Film Series F Omar, directed by Laurent Cantet F Post-screening September 30 directed by Hany Abu-Hassad F Post-screening discussion led by Abdoulaye Gueye, Borders and Boundaries Seminar F discussion led by Ilana Feldman, The George University of Ottawa; Member, School of Social Organizational Meeting Washington University; Member, School of Science Social Science October 5 February 1 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Dynamics of November 16 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Race No Longer Difference in Australia: First Contact to the Present F Social Science Lunch Seminar F Sovereignty’s Lives Next Door: Blackness and the Crisis of Francesca Merlan, The Australian National Archive F Brian Connolly, University of South French Politics of Identity F Abdoulaye Gueye, University; Member, School of Social Science Florida; Member, School of Social Science University of Ottawa; Member, School of Social Science October 12 November 23 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Creating a Social Science Lunch Seminar F External February 8 Globally Competitive Industry—Lessons from Meiji- Shocks F Alice Goffman, University of Social Science Lunch Seminar F Mobilizing Era Japanese Cotton Spinning Industry F Serguey Wisconsin–Madison; Member, School of Social Morality: Migrant Domestic Workers in Dubai F Braguinsky, Carnegie Mellon University; Science Rhacel Salazar Parreñas, University of Member, School of Social Science Southern California; Member, School of Social November 24 Science October 14 Borders and Boundaries Seminar F The Borders and Boundaries Seminar F Ethnic Condition of the Refugee: Case-Studies from South February 10 Boundaries F Andreas Wimmer, Columbia Africa and Palestine Borders and Boundaries Seminar F Racial University Boundaries: A Comparative View November 30 October 19 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Our Corporate Borders and Boundaries Film Series F Disgrace, Social Science Lunch Seminar F Why Is Civilization and Its Neoliberal Crisis F David directed by Steve Jacobs F Post-screening Treason Coming Back into Fashion, and Not Just in Ciepley, University of Denver; Member, discussion led by Paul Nugent, The University Thailand? F Duncan McCargo, University of School of Social Science of Edinburgh; Member, School of Social Science Leeds; Visitor, School of Social Science December 7 February 22 October 26 Social Science Lunch Seminar F The Failure of Social Science Lunch Seminar F “Unapologetic”: Social Science Lunch Seminar F Life Lived in the Liberal Core-Values as Justifications for Cultural Wrongs, Rights, and Irregular Immigrants F Linda Relief: Palestinian Refugees and the Humanitarian Rights and Cosmopolitan Cultural Justice F Chaim Bosniak, Rutgers, The State University of New Experience F Ilana Feldman, The George Gans, Tel Aviv University; Member, School of Jersey; Member, School of Social Science Washington University; Member, School of Social Science Social Science February 24 December 9 Borders and Boundaries Seminar F The Politics of October 27 Borders and Boundaries Seminar F Global Boundaries: 1. Citizenship Occasional Conversations F The Upcoming AAA Labor Markets and Work Migrations: Sociology and Vote on BDS Economics February 29 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Rooting Life October 28 Borders and Boundaries Film Series F Welcome, at the Edge of the Desert: Migrant Experiences and Borders and Boundaries Seminar F The Making directed by Philippe Lioret F Post-screening Institution Interactions in Northern Chile F Angel of Borders: Historical Perspectives discussion led by Anne-Claire Defossez, Aedo, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile; Institute for Advanced Study; Visitor, School of Member, School of Social Science Borders and Boundaries Film Series F Sentenced Social Science Home, directed by Nicole Newnham and David Occasional Conversations F Islam and the West Gabias F Post-screening discussion led by Linda Bosniak, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Member, School of Social Science

76 March 2 April 25 October 21 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Varieties of State Social Science Lunch Seminar F Chinese Exhibit and Special Event F Concinnitas F Building in the Borderland Area between China and Exclusion, Racial Violence, and the Problem of Scale F Enrico Bombieri, Professor Emeritus in the Mainland Southeast Asia F Enze Han, University Beth Lew-Williams, Princeton University; School of Mathematics; Robbert Dijkgraaf, of London; Member, School of Social Science Visitor, School of Social Science Director and Leon Levy Professor; Freeman Dyson, Professor Emeritus in the School of March 3 April 27 Natural Sciences; and Dan Rockmore, William Borders and Boundaries Reading Group F Borders and Boundaries Reading Group F H. Neukom 1964 Professor of Computational Discussion of texts submitted by Abdoulaye Discussion of texts submitted by Enze Han, Science, Director of the Neukom Institute Gueye, University of Ottawa; Member, School University of London, and Rhacel Salazar for Computational Science, and Professor of of Social Science, and Beth Lew-Williams, Parreñas, University of Southern California; Mathematics at Dartmouth College Princeton University; Visitor, School of Social Members, School of Social Science Science October 23 May 25 Friends Lunch with a Member F The Man March 9 Borders and Boundaries Seminar F Conclusions and His Image: Art & Propaganda at the Court Borders and Boundaries Seminar F The Politics of and reflections of the Qianlong Emperor of China F Eugenio Boundaries: 2. Multiculturalism Menegon, Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro June 2–4 Member, School of Historical Studies Borders and Boundaries Film Series F The Non-State War Economy Seminar F Organized Edge of Heaven, directed by Fatih Akın F Post- jointly by Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn October 24 screening discussion led by Kristin Surak, Professor, School of Social Science, and Nicola Memorial for Patricia Crone, Professor Emerita University of London; Member, School of Social Di Cosmo, Luce Foundation Professor in East in the School of Historical Studies Science Asian Studies, School of Historical Studies October 30 March 14 Director’s Office Events Public Lecture F Do We Understand Putin’s Social Science Lunch Seminar F The Terror, Russia? F Jonathan Haslam, George F. 1793–1794: A Tragedy of Distrust F Ari Adut, September 18 Kennan Professor, School of Historical Studies The University of Texas at Austin; Member, Friends Fall Reception School of Social Science November 4 September 21 Special Event and Performance F Light Falls: March 21 Institute Welcome Reception Space, Time, and an Obsession of Einstein F Brian Social Science Lunch Seminar F The Problem Greene, Professor of Theoretical Physics, with Innocence F Miriam Ticktin, The New September 25 Columbia University; Carl Howell, Actor and School for Social Research; Member, School of Friends Lunch with a Member F Marriage and Musician; Angela Janas, Actor; and Michael Social Science Sovereignty in the Nineteenth-Century United Winther, Actor States F Brian Connolly, University of South March 23 Florida; Member, School of Social Science November 5–6 Borders and Boundaries Seminar F Discussion General Relativity at 100 Conference of several texts focusing on religious boundaries October 2 Artists Present F A Conversation with Signum November 6 April 4 Quartet F Signum Quartet; Marc Uys, Special Event and Screening F Einstein’s Light F Social Science Lunch Seminar F Passages Executive Director, Princeton Symphony Nickolas Barris, Founder of Imaginary Films, through the Persian Gulf: Ethnicity, Identity, and Orchestra; and Sebastian Currier, Artist-in- and Joshua Bell, violin Imperial Politics F Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet, Residence University of Pennsylvania; Member, School of November 13 Social Science October 4 Friends Talk F The Art of Dining: Downton Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F Abbey F Francine Segan, Food Historian April 6 Signum Quartet Borders and Boundaries Reading Group F November 20–21 Discussion of texts submitted by Ilana October 9 Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F Feldman, The George Washington University, AMIAS Family Barbecue Kafka Fragments F Rolf Schulte, violin; Lucy and Chaim Gans, Tel Aviv University; Shelton, soprano; and James Winn, piano Members, School of Social Science October 10 Science Talk for Families F Really Big Numbers November 21 April 11 and Infinity F Richard Schwartz, Chancellor’s Friends Lunch with a Member F Eighteenth- Social Science Lunch Seminar F Beyond Blood Professor of Mathematics, Brown University Century Readings of Paradise Lost and the and Soil: Jus Pecuniae and the Rise of Economic Evolution of the “Satanic Sublime” F Noël Citizenship F Kristin Surak, University of October 14 Sugimura, Member, School of Historical London; Member, School of Social Science Friends Talk F 100 Years of General Relativity F Studies Robbert Dijkgraaf, Director and Leon Levy April 18 Professor December 4 Social Science Lunch Seminar F Nation and its Friends Lunch with a Member F Exploring Three Undesirable Subjects: Homosexuality, Citizenship, October 16–17 Dimensions F Abigail Thompson, Neil Chriss and the Gay-“Other” in Cameroon F Basile Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F and Natasha Herron Chriss Founders’ Circle Ndjio, University of Douala; Member, School Cadence, Fugue, Fade F American Brass Member, School of Mathematics of Social Science Quintet

77 Friends Talk F The Aspirational Investor F Ashvin Junior Visiting Professor, School of Natural April 21 Chhabra, President, Euclidean Capital Sciences; Matias Zaldarriaga, Professor, Talk and Luncheon for Founders’, Chairman’s, School of Natural Sciences and Director’s Circle F The Quest for Other December 6 Worlds F Nadia Zakamska, Johns Hopkins Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F February 26 University; Junior Visiting Professor, School of Momenta Quartet Friends Lunch with a Member F How to Natural Sciences Study Ancient Prophecy? F Martti Nissinen, January 20 University of Helsinki; Member, School of April 29 Artists Present F Catherine Chung, Adelphi Historical Studies World Disorder Lecture Series F Who Lost the University; Visitor, Program in Interdisciplinary Middle East? F Richard Murphy, Former U.S. Studies February 28 Ambassador to Syria and Saudi Arabia Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F January 22 Alexander Chaleff, violin, and Alexandra May 6 Friends Talk F Twilight of the Aristocracy 1918 Zelman-Doring, poet Public Lecture F Celebrating Emmy Noether F to 1940 F Karina Urbach, Visitor, School of Georgia Benkart, Professor Emerita, Historical Studies March 4–5 University of Wisconsin-Madison; Catherine Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F Chung, Adelphi University; Visitor, Program in January 24 Remembrance of Things Past F Music from Interdisciplinary Studies; Ingrid Daubechies, Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F Copland House James B. Duke Professor of Mathematics; Alexander Chaleff, violin, and Alexandra Professor of Electrical and Computer Zelman-Doring, poet March 11 Engineering at Duke University; and Karen Friends Lunch with a Member F Geometry Uhlenbeck, University of Texas; Visitor, School January 27 and the Shape of Space F David Futer, Elinor of Mathematics S.T. Lee Public Lecture F The Transmission Lunder Founders’ Circle Member, School of of Knowledge in Abbasid Iraq: Problems in the Mathematics May 11 Interpretation of the Catalogue of Ibn al-Nadim F Public Lecture F Math in the Real World: Devin J. Stewart, Associate Professor of March 12 More Than Just a Numbers Game F Sandra Arabic and Islamic Studies, Emory College of Science Talk for Families F Hidden World: The Peterson, Group Worldwide Chairman, Arts and Sciences Deep Sea F Donato Giovannelli, Rutgers, The Johnson & Johnson; Institute Trustee; and State University of New Jersey; Visitor, Program Kathy Wengel, Worldwide Vice President, January 29 in Interdisciplinary Studies Supply Chain, Johnson & Johnson Friends Lunch with a Member F Antiquity’s Angry Editorialist F Michael Kulikowski, March 16 May 13 Member, School of Historical Studies Artists Present F Tracy K. Smith, Writer AMIAS Lecture F An Antidote to the Politics of Despair: Enabling Conceptions of Justice and February 2 March 18 the Democratic Necessity of Insurgency F Deva World Disorder Lecture Series F And Now for the Friends Talk F Extraordinary Changes in Attitudes Woodly, Assistant Professor of Politics, The Hard Part: China’s Economic Adjustment After Three Toward Wine and Food F Gary Fine, Member, New School for Social Research Miracle Decades F Michael Pettis, Professor, School of Social Science, and Kevin Zraly, Guanghua School of Management, Peking Wine Expert May 20 University Friends Lunch with a Member F Activism in the March 20 Shadows of Universalism, Elisions, and Accents in the February 5–6 Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F History of Human Rights F Meredith Terretta, Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F High Marc Uys, violin; Bridget Kibbey, harp; and Louise and John Steffens Founders’ Circle Wire Act F New Millennium Ensemble Mary Mackenzie, soprano Member, School of Historical Studies

February 9 April 13 May 25 World Disorder Lecture Series F The Coming Artists Present F Zia Haider Rahman, Writer Friends Annual Meeting and Picnic Crisis Between Germany and the United States: The Cultural Divergence of Advanced Nations F April 14 June 10 Emmanuel Todd, Institut National d’Etudes Public Lecture F Categorically Not! On the Staff Picnic Démographiques Edge F Sean B. Carroll, Vice President for Science Education, Howard Hughes Medical February 17 Institute; K.C. Cole, University of Southern Friends Dessert with a Member F Archaeology California; Director’s Visitor; Robbert and the Twilight of Utopia: The Prehistoric Front of Dijkgraaf, Director and Leon Levy Professor; the Cold War F Michael Kunichika, Willis F. Helen Fisher, Biological Anthropologist, Doney Member, School of Historical Studies Kinsey Institute, Indiana University; and Felice Frankel, Research Scientist and Photographer, February 19 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Public Lecture F The New Era of Gravitational- Wave Astronomy F Robbert Dijkgraaf, Director Friends Lunch with Yewande Austin F The Art and Leon Levy Professor; Doron Kushnir, of Change F Yewande Austin, Artist and John N. Bahcall Fellow, School of Natural Human Rights Activist Sciences; Scott Tremaine, Richard Black Professor in the School of Natural Sciences; Nadia Zakamska, Johns Hopkins University;

78 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ( for the year ended June 30, 2016)

Each year researchers from around the world come to the Institute for Advanced Study to interact, explore, take risks, share, build, and discover. This would not be possible but for the far-sighted vision and support of a worldwide network of philanthropists. We thank our donors for their contributions in fiscal year 2015–16 during which new commitments to endowment and the IAS Fund totaled more than $12 million.

Gifts to Endowment The Institute for Advanced Study’s endowment started with a gift from our founders Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld in 1930. It is the cornerstone of our academic and financial independence, both of which are essential to our mission of long-term, foundational, curiosity- driven research. Through generous philanthropy and careful stewardship, the AAA-rated endowment has grown and thrived. In fiscal year 2015–16, the endowment provided 68 percent of the funding for our operating budget. We are grateful to those who, following our founders’ example, invest in the future of the Institute. Major Gifts to Endowment Michael L. Barnett Professor Phillip A. Griffiths and Nancy B. Peretsman and Jeffrey P. Bezos Dr. Marian Griffiths Robert W. Scully Harry and Helen Cohen Debora Russo Haines, Esq. and David M. Rubenstein Charitable Foundation John R. Haines Estate of Richard D. Schafer Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Estate of Ralph Hansmann Simons Foundation Estate of Patricia Crone John J. and Nora Wren Kerr The Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund Annette de la Renta Leon Levy Foundation for Arts and Sciences Carl and Toby Feinberg The MacMillan Family The Starr Foundation Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. and Foundation Inc. Tang Research Foundation Annette L. Nazareth Michael and Pamela Morandi Wolfensohn Family Foundation

Other Gifts to Endowment Anonymous Ted Hurwitz and Keri Christenfeld Christopher Melchert Beth Brainard in memory of John Bahcall Marion and Bob Pollack in memory of Patricia Crone Gary Irvine Eugene R. Speer Mickey Diener and Lisa Bennett Robert and Lynn Johnston Ward Titus and Elena Taratuta Lee Gidding Inga Karliner and Jon Thaler Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch Patricia Graham Plamen Krastev Peter Tarczy-Hornoch in memory of John Bahcall Marina and Robert Whitman

The IAS Fund The IAS Fund is a means for private donors, both individuals and institutions, to provide annual support for IAS operations and outreach activities. In fiscal year 2015–16, private donors provided 16 percent of the Institute’s operating budget, the second largest source following income from the Institute’s endowment.

Major Donors Bridgewater Associates, LP The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Cabot Corporation Robbert Dijkgraaf and Pia de Jong The following donors made major Carnegie Corporation of New York Mario Draghi contributions directly to the IAS Fund. Centro de Estudios Europa Hispánica Anthony and Judith Evnin The Ashvin B. Chhabra and in memory of Albert Hirschman Anonymous Daniela Bonafede-Chhabra Carl and Toby Feinberg Rita Allen Foundation Charitable Trust of the Bank of Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. and Aphorism Foundation America Charitable Gift Fund Annette L. Nazareth Robert and Susan Beckman Helen and Martin Chooljian Fernholz Foundation Afsaneh Beschloss Chugai Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. Aristides W. Georgantas Victoria and Hank Bjorklund Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Vartan Gregorian Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Black The Edward T. Cone Foundation

79 MAJOR DONORS (continued) Friends William C. Martin and Raging Capital Management, LLC Mikhail Grinberg Giving Account of The following donors made current year gifts Charles W. McCutchen the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund to the IAS Fund as Friends of the Institute John and Ann McGoldrick John and Maureen Hendricks for Advanced Study, a New Jersey–based Michael and Pamela Morandi Charitable Foundation group of individuals who support the Institute Harold T. and Vivian Shapiro Margaret Holen and David Coulson through their philanthropy and engagement in Nancy and James Utaski Institute of International Education the IAS community. We welcome new Friends John and Louise Wellemeyer Samuel D. Isaly and express particular appreciation to Friends who contribute at the Founders’, Chairman’s, Bridget and David Jacob 25TH ANNIVERSARY CIRCLE Director’s, and 25th Anniversary Circles. Peter Bicknell Kellner Anonymous in honor of George Kellner Bijan Ardehali and Jennifer Wolffert FOUNDERS’ CIRCLE George Labalme Jr. Leonard and Laura Berlik in memory of Felix Gilbert Helen and Martin Chooljian Helena and Peter Bienstock Robert and Charlotte Langlands Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Addie† and Harold Broitman Dr. and Mrs. Spiro J. Latsis Carl and Toby Feinberg Dr. and Mrs. Paul H. Chew Sarah and Martin L. Leibowitz Jonathan and Anna Horner Vicky and Brad Corrodi Leon Levy Foundation Deborah R. Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Antony R. Coventry and David Li Kwok-Po Charitable Elinor Lunder Jennifer Costello McBride* Foundation Limited John and Louise Steffens Graham Duncan* Nancy and Duncan MacMillan Audrey and David Egger David F. Marquardt CHAIRMAN’S CIRCLE Antonio Elmaleh and Anne Williams Emily and Johan Firmenich Math for America Donald and Shari Black Ann Damsgaard and Lee Gladden The Ambrose Monell Foundation Melanie and John Clarke Chad Goerner Dr. Rohan Murty Morton and Donna Collins Tina and Bill Greenberg Nelson Family Foundation Arthur and Janet Eschenlauer Mr. Dana A. Hamel John A. and Laura Overdeck Debora Russo Haines, Esq. and H. James and Carol P. Herring John R. Haines The Packard Humanities Institute Russell and Helene Kulsrud Brandon and Lynette Hull Nancy B. Peretsman and Jonah and Amy Lansky Rosanna Webster Jaffin Robert W. Scully Derek and Diana Lidow* Sandra E. Peterson John J. and Nora Wren Kerr Mr. and Mrs. James R. McKinney Riksbankens Jubileumsfond Jane and Robert MacLennan Sarah Jones Nelson* Jeannie Tseng and Colin Rust Duncan and Nancy MacMillan in memory of Edward Nelson Charitable Foundation Annette Merle-Smith Reba K. Orszag Ronaldo and Gabriele Schmitz Elena Petronio in memory of Steven A. Orszag Schwab Charitable Fund through the John Rassweiler J.A. Padhoven Fund of the Princeton generosity of Eric and Wendy Schmidt Philip W. Riskin Charitable Area Community Foundation Andy and Heliane Sieg Foundation Inc. Professor James Marrow and † Dr. Emily Rose Simons Foundation The Fritz Stern Fund of the Princeton Area Community Foundation Carolyn and John Healey The Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund Carolyn and George Sanderson for Arts and Sciences * DIRECTOR’S CIRCLE Catherine Schaeder and Eric Batterman Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Tomasina Pia Schiro Anonymous Thomas and Bridget Spencer Ruth and Elliott Sigal Georg and Joyce Albers-Schonberg Peter Svennilson Scott and Tracy Sipprelle Elizabeth Harkins Baughan Shirley Tilghman Inge and Sundaresa Srinivasan Mark Baumgartner Fritz Thyssen Stiftung The Ashvin B. Chhabra and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Daniela Bonafede-Chhabra FRIENDS Marina and Robert Whitman Charitable Trust of the Bank of Anonymous Mr. Brian F. Wruble and America Charitable Gift Fund Alexander and Helen Ackley Ms. Kathleen W. Bratton Pierre Deligne and Elena Alexeeva Gregory Ammon* Rachel and Charles Gray Fund of Susan G. Anable and Jack McCarthy, III the Princeton Area Community Foundation Stephen Anderson and Clara F. Richardson Thomas and Archer Harvey Dr. Jeffrey T. Apter Cynthia and Robert Hillas Robert Aresty Robert and Lynn Johnston Dr. and Mrs. David Atkin * Landon and Sarah Jones Michael L. Barnett Joan Bartl * New Friend Julian Grant and Peter Lighte † Deceased Kevin and Tamara MacMillan Leigh and John Bartlett

80 FRIENDS (continued) Steven and Florence Kahn David E. Smith (Kahn Family Philanthropic Fund Ellen and Albert Stark Foundation Fund Leonard E. Baum of the Jewish Community Foundation of the Princeton Area Community John and Marsha Beidler of Greater Mercer) Foundation Richard and Vicky Bergman Allen H. Kassof Caren Sturges Toni Besselaar in memory of Arianne Kassof Russell and Emily Szurek* Mihir and Sheema Bhattacharya Howard Keller and Helen Keller Christopher and Susan Tarr Elisabeth A. Bish Steve and Shirley Kern Marissa and Jesse Treu Christopher Boerner and Shefali Shah* Avedis and Laura Khachadurian Gail M. Ullman * William and Clare Bohnett* John K. Kim and L. Ashley Lyu Drs. Welmoet and Daniel P. Van Kammen in memory of Mr. Seung Lyun Lyu Ted and Jane Boyer Erik Vanmarcke and Marilyn Durkee Ludwig and Paula Koerte Mark Branon MD and Sarah Branon Fred and Susan Van Sickle Joseph and Lorraine Koffman Meg Brinster Michael Jay and Harriet Vawter Gail Kohn Mrs. James E. Burke Mr. and Mrs. Luke Visconti Sam and Casey Lambert James and Pernilla Burke Robert and Stephanie Wedeking Randall Larrimore and Cathy Cutright The Cedar Fund of the Princeton Area Philip and Elizabeth Wey Yuki Moore Laurenti and Jeffrey Laurenti Community Foundation Laura and Roscoe White Richard J. and Neil Ann S. Levine Lena Chang, Ph.D. Sharon and Russ White Dr. and Mrs. Fraser Lewis Cindy and Charles Clark Ralph R. Widner * Denis and Howard Lieberman T. Jeffrey and Barbara J. Clarke Evan and Rosalie Wolarsky Hung Ling and Gigi Hsu* The David and Olive Coghlan Charitable Robert and Kathleen Zatta Giving Fund of the Ayco Charitable Walter H. Lippincott Foundation* Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin Karen Collias and Geoffrey Levitt* Steve J. Mariotti OTHER GIFTS THROUGH THE Sara and Joe Copeland* Michael and Cecilia Mathews FRIENDS OF IAS Mary Cross† Patrick McDonnell and Karen O’Connell* Mr. Elliot Cohen † Jack and Renee Cuneo Hella and Scott McVay Elizabeth Ettinghausen Michael Curtis and Judith Brodsky Andrea and Chris Mecray Jan and Elly de Boer Susan and Richard Miles AMIAS Rysia de Ravel Dean and Jill Mitchell † Katherine and Robert Del Tufo Dr. C. Alexander Moskwa, Jr. and The following donors made current year gifts Pepper and Liza deTuro Dr. Elaine Elliott-Moskwa to the IAS Fund as members of AMIAS, * Dr. Amy Dodds and Mr. Mark Dodds Drs. Muriel and Leonard Moss the worldwide network of current and former Peter Dougherty and Elizabeth Hock Hilary and Sean Murray Members, Visitors, and associated scholars * Marlene and Aiden Doyle Alexander Nehamas and Susan Glimcher through whom the impact of the Institute’s Jennifer Morrow Eident* Dr. Ferris Olin mission is felt on a global scale. We express Erin Enright and Stuart Essig Mary and Bill O’Shaughnessy particular appreciation to AMIAS members Martin and Jane Fransson Dr. and Mrs. C. Papastephanou who made their first gift, those who continue Ira and Karen Fuchs Philip B. Papier, Jr. and Norma K. Papier to give year after year, and those who John S. Furlong John and Dee Patberg contribute at the Oppenheimer, Aydelotte, Barbara Gallup* Ashutosh Kumar Pathak* and Flexner Circle levels. Dr. and Mrs. Steven Gecha in memory of Dr. K. P. Pathak and Mrs. Vidhya Pathak Lor and Mike Gehret OPPENHEIMER CIRCLE Jacquie and Woody Phares Aristides W. Georgantas George Pitcher Anonymous Mark Glasgold Michael and Melanie Rauch Stephen L. Adler Peter and Helen Goddard Tilden Reeder and Cynthia Groya Ian Agol and Michelle McGuinness Colleen A. Goggins Reichelderfer-Blair Fund of the Princeton Charitable Fund of the Fidelity Fred and Selma Goldstein Area Community Foundation Charitable Gift Fund Dr. and Mrs. Milton H. Grannatt Millard McAdoo Riggs, Jr. Dr. Karen I. Blu * Mr. and Mrs. John L. Griffith, Jr. Charles Rippin in memory of Clifford Geertz * Francis Gupta and Sandra Agredo Richard and Meta Robertson Professor Sir David Cannadine Joan and Jack Hall Nancy and Will Robins Jennifer Chayes and Christian Borgs T. Randolph Harris and Barbara A. Sloan Ramone E. Romero and Suzannah Clark Norman R. Harvey Blaise T. Santianni* Stanley and Regine Corngold David and Kristina Hill Bernard Saint-Donat Raffaella Cribiore Pamela and Brian Hughes Mark and Judith Sarvary* Hal and Kathy Drake Alexander Jones and Catherine Haines Boot and Lauren Seem Lily Harish-Chandra Christopher P. Jones Sybil Shainwald* Dr. Lawrence and Deborah Jordan Josh and Mariah Silva * New Friend † Bruce Smith Deceased

81 OPPENHEIMER CIRCLE (continued) Walter Neumann OTHER AMIAS DONORS Doug Niebur Sigurdur Helgason Anonymous (36) in memory of Atle Selberg Anonymous A. J. Hildebrand Andrew Ogg in memory of Harish Chandra Nancy Hingston and Jovi Tenev Terng and Palais Giving Account of Anonymous Richard V. Kadison the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund in honor of Nicola Di Cosmo and Nan and Bob Keohane The Calabi Fund of The Philadelphia in memory of Patricia Crone Misha Kogan Foundation Anonymous Francesca Rochberg in honor of Robert Langlands and Rob Kusner and Denise Kim Edward Witten in honor of Dr. John H. C. Kim Ronald and Sharon Stern Anonymous Henry and Julia Landau Tsuneo Tamagawa in honor of Systems Biology Group in memory of Harry Woolf Laurence Taylor Anonymous Fouad J. Masrieh The Troy-de Wit Family Charitable in memory of Patricia Crone Karl F. Morrison and Anne C. Fund of the Jewish Communal Fund William Abikoff Morrison Tanmay Vachaspati and Wendi Adamek Professor Klaus Nehring Punam Ohri-Vachaspati Diane Cole Ahl in honor of Irving Lavin Mary J. Norton Seth L. Warner in memory of George Mackey James S. Amelang in memory of David Fate Norton Michael F. Zimmermann Susan Ames John Polking David W. Anthony and Dorcas R. Brown Gopal and Indu Prasad Professor Bulent Atalay FLEXNER CIRCLE Paul Rorem and Kate Skrebutenas Giles Auchmuty Marcel Roethlisberger Anonymous (2) Nils A. Baas Eugene Sorets Robert A. Beckman José Barros Neto The Joan and Joseph Birman Foundation Thomas and Bridget Spencer Steve Batterson David Bjelajac Greg Bayer A lar Toomre Phoebe and Jo Bovy in honor of Einstein & Oppenheimer & Alison I. Beach recent UGO detection of binary BH merger David Brydges Brigitte M. Bedos-Rezak GW 150914! Chaitin Charitable Fund at Schwab in honor of Dr. Ira L. Rezak Charitable Fund Paul Benacerraf Stephen Tracy and June Allison John R. Cowles in honor of Christian Habicht Regina F. Bendix Charles W. Curtis Georgia Benkart Scott and Marilyn Tremaine Vladimir Drinfeld Vladimir Berkovich Karen Uhlenbeck and Bob Williams Gary and Susan Fine Alan E. Bernstein John H. Walter Jürg M. Fröhlich Henry and Leigh Bienen Dr. Armand Wyler in memory of Armand Borel Margarethe Billerbeck Sun-Yung A. Chang and Paul C. Yang Richard A. Goldthwaite Norman Birnbaum Zhou Zou Koichiro Harada in memory of Clifford Geertz Joel Hass and Abby Thompson Eric G. Blackman John P. Bodel AYDELOTTE CIRCLE Ron and Gail Irving Hsu-Tung Ku and Mei-Chin Ku Edyta Bojanowska Anonymous Rachel Mandelbaum Larissa Bonfante James Arthur James J. Bono Wijnand W. Mijnhardt Paul Burchard Michael Bordo Minemura Katsuhiro Constance Brittain Bouchard William E. Connolly Maria Teresa Marabini Moevs Professors Susan and Stephen Boughn Bruce Eastwood in memory of Homer and Dorothy Thompson William Nielsen Brandt in memory of Marshall Clagett Colin Norman Glenn and Sara Ellison in memory of John Bahcall Alain Bresson Ruth and Murray Gerstenhaber Rick Norwood Susan J. Brison Nivedita Deo and Sanjay Jain Oded Regev, Julia Kempe Account of John Bronzan Joshua T. Katz the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Christer Bruun in honor of Glen W. Bowersock Colleen Robles John and Virginia Bryant John Kwan Lyman Tower Sargent Nicholas Buchdahl Glenn R. Bugh William E. Lang Freydoon Shahidi in honor of Christian Habicht Sharon Lazarov Xiaodong Sun Daniela L. Caglioti in memory of Connor Lazarov Vijay K. Vadakkekurputh (on behalf of Prof. Dr. Claude Calame V. K. Balachandran) François Maniquet Jim and Nancy Cantrell The Steven A. Mansbach and Holly Van Auken Vicki and Robert Caron in memory of Edward T. Cline Jr. Julia E. Frane Charitable Fund at Annemarie and Gerald Carr Schwab Charitable Howard D. Weinbrot in memory of Oleg Grabar Takao Matumoto Vincent Carretta Daniel R. McMillan Jr. Jessica Cattelino

82 OTHER AMIAS DONORS (continued) William Goldman Brandon C. Look Daniel and Ryoko Goldston Michèle Lowrie Dr. Thomas E. Cecil Dr. Richard J. Gonsalves Stephen and Deborah Lubow Filippo Cesarano Roe W. Goodman Andrew MacFadyen John W. Chambers Sue Goodman Jeffrey E. Mandula Hoi Fung Chau Cameron Gordon Albert and Dorothy Marden Ta-Pei Cheng Daniel L. Goroff in memory of Bill Thurston Roger Chickering in honor of Henry and Julie Landau Clint McCrory Professors R. Sekhar Chivukula and Andrew P. Gould Patrick McGuinn Elizabeth H. Simmons Bruce Grant Michael McVaugh Maria Chudnovsky and Daniel Panner Bernard Grossman in memory of Marshall Clagett Anne L. Clark Erich Gruen Brigitte Meijns Frank M. Clover Mauro F. Guillen Joel Migdal Joan Breton Connelly Barbara Haggh-Huglo Margaret M. Miles Christofer Cronström in memory of Michel Huglo Joseph A. Minahan Joseph E. Davis Julia L. Hairston Vernon Hyde Minor Dr. and Mrs. John W. Dawson, Jr. Mark Hale Rick Miranda John and Bronwyn de Figueiredo in memory of Ernest Shult, Member 1968–69 Darrel Moellendorf and in memory of Rui J.P. de Figueiredo and Paul A. Hanle Bonnie Friedmann Sr. Percy Deift Henrietta Harrison Carlos Julio Moreno The Harold G. and Nancy A. Diamond Charles W. Haxthausen Jennifer L. Morgan Gift Fund at the T. Rowe Price Program Randolph C. Head G. Daniel Mostow for Charitable Giving Helmut Heit Keith Moxey John Dillon in memory of Homer Thompson James L. Heitsch Catharine Newbury Subo Dong Lawrence P. Horwitz Y. Jack Ng in memory of my father, Emil Horwitz Robert S. Doran Louis Nirenberg in honor of Freeman Dyson Vittorio Hosle Thomas F. Noble Michael R. Douglas Charitable Fund R. Howe Yong-Geun Oh Ronald G. Douglas Douglas Howland Dr. Takashi Ono Dr. Alexander Dragt Danian Hu Peter Orlik Andrew Drucker James Humphreys Sherry B. Ortner Pierre du Prey Luc Illusie Akos Ostor in honor of Irving Lavin John Imbrie Angel Adams Parham Mary and Richard Dunn Ephraim Isaac Dr. Leonard Parker Loyal and Bernice Durand Howard Jacobson François Paschoud Patrick Eberlein Hervé M. Jacquet Frederick S. Paxton Allan Edmonds Juhi Jang Ishikawa in memory of Patricia Crone Robert D. Edwards Katherine L. Jansen Michael G. Peletz Richard Ehrenborg Thomas Jech James V. Peters in honor of Peter Sarnak James J. John Carl F. Petry Dale F. Eickelman Bruce W. Jordan and Jeanne Perantoni Edith Piatetski-Shapiro in memory of Clifford Geertz Seva Joukhovitski in memory of Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro Sir John Elliott David Karen Leon Plantinga William B. Ewald III Goro C. Kato, v.l.s. Jeremy D. Popkin in honor of Sara McDougall and Mary and Peter Katzenstein Ludmilla P. Popova-Wightman James Whitman Takahiro Kawai in memory of Arthur S. Wightman, Mehrdad Fallahzadeh Dennis Kehoe Former Member Renate and James Fernandez Martin Kern Alex Potts in memory of Clifford Geertz Woong-Tae Kim Martin J. Powers Carter V. Findley Dale Kinney William L. Pressly Carole K. Fink Julius Kirshner Orest Ranum Lisa Florman Professor Dr. H. Klingen, Mathematics M. M. Rao Gerald B. Folland Institute in memory of Professor A. Bewrling Dan Freed and Sonia Paban Knill Family Charitable Trust Jerome Ravetz John Freed Christopher Kolda Margaret A. Readdy in honor of Peter Sarnak Norbert Frei Dr. A. A. Kosinski Theodore Reff David and Donna Gabai Robert Krasny Howard L. Resnikoff Ross Geoghegan Ari Laor P. J. Rhodes Israel Gershoni Abby and Menachem Lazar Matthias L. Richter John L. Giuliani James Lepowsky Melvin Richter George Glauberman Albert Libchaber in memory of Dr. Paul Sally John L. Johnston and James B. Rives David and Marci Lieberman Carol Gluck in memory of Patricia Crone Ming-Chit Liu Professor Peter B. Golden Jonathan L. Rosner

83 OTHER AMIAS DONORS (continued) Martin M. Tweedale Bill Garrett Salil Vadhan Nancy Geiger Catherine J. Ross William Van Andringa Dr. Edward Greaney Professor John C. Rouman Ewine F. van Dishoeck Professor Benedict H. Gross and Cihan Saclioglu Hendrik F. K. van Nierop Dr. Jill P. Mesirov Amel Omar Gorani and Noah Salomon William A. and Kathryn L. Veech Metin and Diane Guvenis Stuart Samuel Alexander A. Voronov in honor of Marilyn Tremaine Patrick Sänger Dr. Samuel S. Wagstaff, Jr. Jeffrey Harvey Gordon Schochet Jonathan Wahl James F. Hawkins in memory of Albert Hirschman Thomas Wallnig Mary Calabro and William Hery at Erica Westhoff and Edward Schoolman Arthur G. Wasserman Schwab Charitable John Schrecker David Weinberg Jean-Marc and Daisy Huet Alexia Schulz in memory of our wonderful time in Princeton Marit Werenskiold Gerald W. Schwarz 2008–2009 John Wermer Alan E. Shapiro International Association of Mathematical Paul J. Wiita Joel A. Shapiro Physics Frank Williams Richard B. Sher Peter R. Kann Robert Lee Wilson Allan and Henrietta Silberger Michael Klompus in memory of Paul Sally W. Stephen Wilson Ron and Sunny Kraemer Amy Singer James R. and Margaret L. Wiseman Lois Laverty Michael F. Singer Jocelyn Wogan-Browne Margaret Levi and Robert D. Kaplan Jonathan Skaff Andrew J. Woldar Likai Lin Malcolm Skolnick Isser Woloch George J. Losoncy Robert C. Sleigh, Jr. Don Wyatt Dariush Mahdavi in memory of Morton White Yucel Yanikdag George F. Meierhofer Neal Snyderman York-Peng Joyce and Philip Orenstein Robert Socolow Fund of the Jewish Mitsuru Yasuhara Tari Pantaleo Communal Fund M. Crawford Young Janice P. Pell Charles M. Sommerfield in memory of Albert Hirschman Leon and Nancy Petelle Eric Sommers Jun Yu Fayne Petok Dave Spiegel Froma and George Zeitlin in honor of Jack Petok Grace Marmor Spruch Everett Zhang The PNC Foundation in memory of Larry Spruch Craig R. Poskanzer Aravind Srinivasan Other IAS Fund Donors Martin J. Rees in honor of Dr. Prahlada Sastry Anonymous (5) Peter William Riola Harold M. Stark Charitable Fund of the Anonymous Christoph Rode Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund in honor of Elaine Birch Ruffell Dr. and Ms. Charles L. Rojer Jim Stasheff AmazonSmile Foundation Sanofi U.S. Elly and Elias Stein Matt Banks H. Richard Schumacher George Sterman and Elise Frank Dr. Ken Baron in memory of Immanuel and Vera Kohn Gerald Stourzh (Member 1967/68) Thomas C. Barry Marilyn Silverstein in memory of Felix Gilbert Mark Baumgartner Sauro Succi Susan Mosher Stuard Dennis Block Alexandra Tatnall Matthew Sudano Jack and Adele R. Borrus Kelly Devine Thomas Toufic Suidan in honor of Annette Merle-Smith Tracy L. Van Dorpe John and Jean Sullivan Marcia E. Bossart Dave Witham Barry and Winnifred Fallers Sullivan Beth Brainard in memory of Mr. Clarence Witham R. Richard Summerhill, Ph.D. Bridgewater Associates, LP Claudia Swan Loretta Brooks Matching Gift Companies Paul Szarmach in memory of Ulrich Paul Strauss Alexander Sze The following organizations made matching Angelos Chaniotis gifts to the IAS Fund. Earl J. Taft Hans De Ruyter, M.D., FRCP (Lond.) Richard Talbert Mr. James Bogart and Dr. Peggy de Wolf BlackRock Matching Gifts Program John E. Talbott Jay and Nisha Dearborn in memory of Felix Gilbert Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Kathleen McDermott Eastman John T. Tate Carnegie Corporation of New York in memory of Robert May Exxon Mobil Foundation Sylvie Thoron Leanne Evans Leslie L. Threatte Goldman, Sachs & Co. Matching Gift Josephine Faass Program Gerhard Thür Hamid Fahim Rezaei Google Inc. Francesca Trivellato Harold and Catherine Falk IBM Matching Grants Program Hung-Sheng Tsao and Stuart Feldman Sou-Tung Chiu-Tsao Samuel H. Kress Foundation Catie Fleming Howard G. Tucker Marsh & McLennan Companies Carmela Vircillo Franklin Microsoft Matching Gifts Program

84 MATCHING GIFT COMPANIES (continued) Yolanda K ing Patricia Crone† Andrey Korotayev Dr. John W. Dawson, Jr. Olin Corporation Charitable Trust Susan R. Kramer Hedwig C. H. Dekker The Pew Charitable Trusts Dr. Véronique Lamazou-Duplan in memory of Professor Jacob C. E. Dekker Pfizer Foundation Maria H. Loh Professor William Doyle, FBA Prudential Foundation Duncan McCargo Masaaki Eguchi The Rockefeller Foundation Ann McGrath Janet and Arthur Eschenlauer Susquehanna International Group, LLP Eugenio Menegon Graham Farmelo Carl and Toby Feinberg Varadero Capital LP John M. Meyer Eric O. Michaud Dr. Cloudy (Klaus-Dietrich) Fischer Dr. Takashi Minamikawa Dr. Paul Forman Other Sources of Support Jennifer L. Morgan Lor and Michael Gehret The Institute for Advanced Study expresses Nassau Swim Club Peter and Helen Goddard appreciation for support for its operations Pantelis Nigdelis Rachel D. Gray and outreach activities from the following Johannes Pahlitzsch Edward Greaney Government Agencies. Steven Pierce Betty W. (Tina) Greenberg Lewis Pyenson Phillip A. Griffiths Robert M. Guralnick National Aeronautics and Space Camille Robcis Ralph E. Hansmann† Administration Paul Rorem James F. Hawkins National Institutes of Health Maria de Lurdes Rosa Catherine J. Ross Sigurdur Helgason National Institutes of Health through a † sub-award from Columbia University Vimalin Rujivacharakul Charles L. Jaffin National Science Foundation Patrick Sänger Rosanna W. Jaffin National Security Agency Mustafa Sayar Akio Kawauchi Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Dr. Sabine Schmidtke Tatsuo Kimura Observatory Dr. Mark Solovey George Labalme Jr. Space Telescope Science Institute Sverker Sörlin Dr. Florian Langenscheidt United States Air Force Research Laboratory Cynthia Talbot Robert Langlands through a sub-award from Carnegie Mellon Dr. Stefano M. Tempesta Walter H. Lippincott University Karina Urbach Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin United States Department of Energy William Van Andringa Robert MacPherson and Mark Goresky Mark van Atten Steve Mariotti † Gifts-in-Kind Donors Frans van Liere Hamish Maxwell Alexander Verlinsky Loris and Bruce McKellar Anonymous Marga Vicedo Annette Merle-Smith Hassan Ansari Robert von Friedeburg Alexander P. Mourelatos Jeffrey Andrew Barash Gabriel P. Weisberg Sherry B. Ortner Julia Bernheim BingKan Xue Elena Petronio Bloomberg Philanthropies Susan E. Ramirez Courtney M. Booker John H. Rassweiler Mikhail Boytsov Einstein Legacy Society Millard M. Riggs Hartwin Brandt The Einstein Legacy Society was established Barbara Heard Roberts Cédric Brélaz in 1995 to honor those who have made a Daniel H. Saracino Matthew Bullimore planned gift to the Institute for Advanced Patricia Sato Professor Angelos Chaniotis † Study, or have informed the Institute of a Richard Donald Schafer Gregory T. Clark N. J. Slabbert Forrest D. Colburn bequest intention or other provision in their estate plans. The Society takes its name from Jack Steinberger William J. Connell Franklin K. Toker Albert Einstein, Institute Faculty member, Vincent Debiais Grazia Tonelli Albrecht Diem 1933–55. Einstein Legacy Society members Marilyn and Scott Tremaine Dr. Glenn Dynner include Trustees, Faculty and Faculty Emeriti, Chuu-Lian Terng and Richard S. Palais Carolyn J. Eichner Friends, former Members and Visitors, Staff, Professor and Mrs. V.S. Varadarajan Anver M. Emon and other private donors. Professor C. Franciscus Verellen and Seth Fagan Mrs. Isabelle M. Verellen Professor Didier Fassin Anonymous (2) Morton G. White† Giorgio Fedalto Michael L. Barnett Brian F. Wruble Gary Fine Robert and Susan Beckman Michal Gawlikowski Victoria and Hank Bjorklund Patrick J. Geary Richard B. Black Linda Goddard Enrico Bombieri Carol C. Gould Addie and Harold Broitman Paul Gowder Joseph E. Brown Julia L. Hairston Robert Butow James W. Hankins Claude Calame James A. Harris Helen and Martin Chooljian Professor Jonathan I. Israel Giles Constable † Deceased

85 Professorships, Memberships, Ky Fan and Yu-Fen Fan Endowment United States Department of Energy and Other Dedicated Funds Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., and The Oswald Veblen Fund Annette L. Nazareth Membership Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead The Institute expresses its continuing gratitude The 50th Anniversary Fellowship in Social Fellowship to donors who have provided support through Science Wolfensohn Family Membership these endowed funds and through gifts and Richard B. Fisher Membership The James D. Wolfensohn Fund pledges of operating support. Friends Founders’ Circle Member Zurich Financial Services Membership Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Membership ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIPS OTHER DEDICATED ENDOWMENTS Fund for Historical Studies Richard Black Professorship Fund for Mathematics AND FUNDS Carl P. Feinberg Professorship Fund for Natural Sciences Ruth and Irving Adler Expository Lectures Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professorship Fund for Social Science in Mathematics Fund Albert O. Hirschman Professorship Felix Gilbert Membership Artist-in-Residence Endowment IBM von Neumann Professorship Marvin L. Goldberger Membership The Broitman Foundation Fund George F. Kennan Professorship Hetty Goldman Membership Fund Edward T. Cone Concert Series Endowment Leon Levy Professorship Florence Gould Foundation Fund R. Llewelyn Davies Fund Harold F. Linder Professorship Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Membership Gladys Krieble Delmas Endowment Luce Foundation Professorship in Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study East Asian Studies Membership Endowment Herbert H. Maass Professorship Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting Vartan Gregorian Innovation Fund Andrew W. Mellon Professorship Professorship Professor Harish-Chandra Endowment Charles Simonyi Professorship Gerda Henkel Stiftung Membership IAS Land Endowment UPS Foundation Professorship The Herodotus Fund Kresge Challenge Fund Hermann Weyl Professorship IBM Einstein Fellowship Dr. S.T. Lee Fund for Historical Studies James D. Wolfensohn Professorship in Infosys Membership Fund Leon Levy Book Fund Social Science Janssen Fellowship Anneliese Maier Research Award W. M. Keck Foundation Fund Mary Marquand Endowment ENDOWED AND ANNUAL1 MEMBER Hans Kohn Membership Marston Morse Memorial Fund SUPPORT Martin L. and Sarah F. Leibowitz Otto Neugebauer Fund Membership New Initiatives Fund Adler Family Fund William D. Loughlin Membership Erwin Panofsky Fund American Council of Learned Societies Deborah Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Nancy Peretsman and Robert Scully Frederick Burkhardt Fellowship Founders’ Circle Member Endowment AMIAS Membership Elinor Lunder Founders’ Circle Member Public Policy Lecture Series Endowment John N. Bahcall Fellowship The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fund Henry Schaerf Memorial Fund The Bell Companies Fellowship The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Mr. and Mrs. William H. Scheide Artist-in- Bezos Fund Fellowships for Assistant Professors Residence Endowment Addie and Harold Broitman Membership in Minerva Research Foundation Membership Simons Center for Systems Biology Biology The Ambrose Monell Foundation Endowment Charles L. Brown Membership in Biology National Aeronautics and Space Simons Foundation Endowment Fund S.S. Chern Foundation for Mathematics Administration Charles and Lisa Simonyi Endowment Fund Research Fund NASA Einstein Fellowship Karoly Simonyi Memorial Endowment Fund Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Founders’ NASA Exoplanet Science Institute Carl The Sivian Fund Circle Member Sagan Fellowship The Starr Foundation Biology Endowment Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Membership National Science Foundation Leo Usdan Fund Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Membership Natural Sciences Membership Fund in Biology Shelby White and Leon Levy Archives Patrons’ Endowment Fund Endowment Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Founders’ Circle Member Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship Wolf Foundation Prize Endowment Clay Mathematics Institute Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship II Edward T. Cone Membership in Music Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation Studies Fund Corning Glass Works Foundation Fellowship Schmidt Fellowship Fund George William Cottrell, Jr., Membership Eric and Wendy Schmidt Membership in Biology Roger E. Covey Membership in East Asian Studies Shiing-Shen Chern Membership Fund Patricia Crone Membership Simons Foundation Roger Dashen Membership Charles Simonyi Endowment Fund The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Membership Fellowship Deutsche Bank Membership The Starr Foundation Biology Endowment Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Fellowship Endowment Fund Paul Dirac Fund Louise and John Steffens Founders’ Circle Member Willis F. Doney Membership The Peter Svennilson Membership The Ellentuck Fund Frank and Peggy Taplin Membership John Elliott Membership 1 Annual gifts from July 1, 2015–June 30, 2016

86 FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES, AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD AND OF THE CORPORATION, 2015–2016

Founders E. Robert Fernholz Sandra E. Peterson Founder Group Worldwide Chairman Louis Bamberger Chairman of the Investment Committee Johnson & Johnson Caroline Bamberger Fuld INTECH New Brunswick, New Jersey Princeton, New Jersey Martin Rees Board and Corporate Officers Carmela Vircillo Franklin Professor Emeritus of Cosmology Professor of Classics, Columbia University and Astrophysics Charles Simonyi New York, New York Astronomer Royal and Fellow of Chair of the Board Trustee through May 7, 2016 Trinity College James H. Simons University of Cambridge Benedict H. Gross Vice Chair of the Board and Cambridge, England George Vasmer Leverett Professor President of the Corporation of Mathematics David M. Rubenstein Shelby White Harvard University Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer Vice Chair of the Board Cambridge, Massachusetts The Carlyle Group Washington, D.C Brian F. Wruble Jeffrey A. Harvey Treasurer of the Corporation Enrico Fermi Distinguished Service Professor Eric E. Schmidt Enrico Fermi Institute and Department Executive Chairman John Masten of Physics Alphabet Inc. Assistant Treasurer The University of Chicago Mountain View, California Chicago, Illinois Nancy S. MacMillan James H. Simons Secretary of the Corporation Spiro J. Latsis Chairman of the Board, Renaissance President, SETE SA Technologies LLC, and President, Frederick Van Sickle Euclidean Capital LLC Assistant Secretary Geneva, Switzerland New York, New York Through January 31, 2016 Trustee through May 7, 2016 Martin L. Leibowitz Charles Simonyi The Board of Trustees Managing Director Chairman and Chief Technology Officer Morgan Stanley Intentional Corporation Afsaneh Beschloss New York, New York Bellevue, Washington President and Chief Executive Officer Trustee through May 7, 2016 The Rock Creek Group Peter Svennilson Washington, D.C. Margaret Levi Founder and Managing Partner Director, Center for Advanced Study in The Column Group Victoria B. Bjorklund Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University San Francisco, California Retired Partner and Professor of Political Science, Stanford Founder, Exempt-Organizations Group University; Jere L. Bacharach Professor Emerita Shirley Tilghman Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP of International Studies, Political Science, President Emerita, Professor of Molecular New York, New York University of Washington Biology and Public Affairs Stanford, California Princeton University Neil A. Chriss Trustee through May 7, 2016 Princeton, New Jersey Founder and Chief Investment Officer Hutchin Hill LP Nancy S. MacMillan Shelby White New York, New York Publisher Trustee Princeton Alumni Weekly Leon Levy Foundation Veena Das Princeton, New Jersey New York, New York Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Anthropology and Adjunct Professor of Humanities David F. Marquardt Brian F. Wruble Johns Hopkins University Partner, August Capital Chairman Emeritus Baltimore, Maryland Menlo Park, California The Jackson Laboratory Trustee from May 7, 2016 Key West, Florida Narayana Murthy Lorraine Daston Founder, Infosys Limited Professor and Director Bangalore, India Trustees Emeriti Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Berlin, Germany Jonathan M. Nelson Richard B. Black Trustee from May 7, 2016 Founder and Chief Executive Officer Martin A. Chooljian Providence Equity Partners, LLC Sidney D. Drell (deceased December 21, 2016) Robbert Dijkgraaf Providence, Rhode Island Director and Leon Levy Professor Vartan Gregorian Institute for Advanced Study John Overdeck Peter R. Kann Princeton, New Jersey Co-Chairman Helene L. Kaplan Two Sigma Investments, LP David K.P. Li Mario Draghi New York, New York President, European Central Bank Trustee from October 30, 2015 Ronaldo H. Schmitz Frankfurt, Germany Harold T. Shapiro Nancy B. Peretsman Michel L. Vaillaud Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. Managing Director President and Chief Executive Officer Allen & Company LLC Marina v.N. Whitman TIAA New York, New York James D. Wolfensohn, Chair Emeritus New York, New York

87 ADMINISTRATION (as of June 30, 2016)

Robbert Dijkgraaf Library Administration Computing, Director and Leon Levy Professor Telecommunications, Momota Ganguli and Networking Nadine Thompson Librarian, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Administration Executive Assistant to the Director Marcia Tucker Jeffrey Berliner Josephine S. Faass Librarian, Historical Studies and Social Chief Information Officer Director of Academic Affairs Science (also Coordinator of Information Access for Computing, Telecommunications, Brian Epstein and Networking Administration) Computer Manager Network and Security John Masten Casey Westerman Associate Director for Finance and Archivist Kevin Kelly Administration Computer Manager School of Mathematics Mark Baumgartner School Administration Chief Investment Officer Jonathan Peele Mary Jane Hayes Computer Manager Michael Ciccone Administrative Officer Information Technology Group Chief Administrative Operations Officer School of Mathematics James Stephens William Grip Donne Petito Computer Manager Chief Facilities Officer Administrative Officer School of Natural Sciences School of Social Science Michael Klompus Edna Wigderson Chief Human Resources Officer Michelle Sage Manager of Databases and Integration Administrative Officer Mary Mazza School of Natural Sciences Comptroller/Chief Fiscal Officer Suzanne P. Christen Michel Reymond Executive Director and Administrator Chef/Director of Dining Services The Simons Center for Systems Biology School of Natural Sciences

Marian Gallagher Zelazny Vacant Administrative Officer Chief Development Officer School of Historical Studies Associate Director for Development and Communications

Christine Ferrara Programs Director of Communications Beth Brainard Catherine Fleming Program Officer Director of Development IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute

Pamela Hughes Arlen K. Hastings Director of Individual Gifts Executive Director, Science Initiative Group

Molly Sullivan Rafe Mazzeo Director of Individual Gifts Director IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Kelly Devine Thomas Editorial Director Christine Taylor Program Officer Women and Mathematics

88 PRESENT AND PAST DIRECTORS (in order of service as of June 30, 2016)

Abraham Flexner · Frank Aydelotte J. Robert Oppenheimer · Carl Kaysen · Harry Woolf Marvin L. Goldberger · Phillip A. Griffiths · Peter Goddard · Robbert Dijkgraaf

PRESENT AND PAST FACULTY (2015–2016 Faculty and Faculty Emeriti are in black)

Stephen L. Adler · James W. Alexander · Andrew E. Z. Alföldi · Danielle Allen

Nima Arkani-Hamed · Michael F. Atiyah · John N. Bahcall · Arne K. A. Beurling · Yve-Alain Bois

Enrico Bombieri · Armand Borel · Jean Bourgain · Glen W. Bowersock

Caroline Walker Bynum · Luis A. Caffarelli · Angelos Chaniotis · Harold F. Cherniss · Marshall Clagett

Giles Constable · Patricia Crone · José Cutileiro · Roger F. Dashen · Pierre Deligne

Nicola Di Cosmo · Freeman J. Dyson · Edward M. Earle · Albert Einstein · John H. Elliott

Didier Fassin · Patrick J. Geary · Clifford Geertz · Felix Gilbert · James F. Gilliam · Peter Goddard

Kurt Gödel · Hetty Goldman · Peter Goldreich · Oleg Grabar · Phillip A. Griffiths · Christian Habicht

Harish-Chandra · Jonathan Haslam · Ernst Herzfeld · Albert O. Hirschman · Helmut Hofer · Lars V. Hörmander

Piet Hut · Jonathan Israel · Ernst H. Kantorowicz · George F. Kennan · Robert P. Langlands · Irving Lavin

Tsung-Dao Lee · Stanislas Leibler · Arnold J. Levine · Elias A. Lowe · Robert MacPherson

Juan Maldacena · Avishai Margalit · Eric S. Maskin · Jack F. Matlock, Jr. · Millard Meiss

Benjamin D. Meritt · John W. Milnor · David Mitrany · Deane Montgomery · Marston Morse

J. Robert Oppenheimer · Abraham Pais · Erwin Panofsky · Peter Paret · Tullio E. Regge

Winfield W. Riefler · Dani Rodrik · Marshall N. Rosenbluth · Peter Sarnak · Sabine Schmidtke

Joan Wallach Scott · Nathan Seiberg · Atle Selberg · Kenneth M. Setton · Carl L. Siegel · Thomas Spencer

Walter W. Stewart · Bengt G. D. Strömgren · Richard Taylor · Homer A. Thompson · Scott Tremaine

Kirk Varnedoe · Oswald Veblen · Vladimir Voevodsky · John von Neumann · Heinrich von Staden

Michael Walzer · Robert B. Warren · André Weil · Hermann Weyl · Morton White · Hassler Whitney

Avi Wigderson · Frank Wilczek · Edward Witten · Ernest Llewellyn Woodward

Chen Ning Yang · Shing-Tung Yau · Matias Zaldarriaga

Institute for Advanced Study— Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation

Financial Statements June 30, 2016 and 2015 (With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)

91 Independent Auditors’ Report

The Board of Trustees Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation:

We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation (the Institute), which comprise the statements of financial position as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, and the related statements of activities and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements. Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Auditors’ Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. Opinion In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the years then ended, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

November 3, 2016

92 STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION JUNE 30, 2016 AND 2015

Assets 2016 2015 ______

Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,602,998 6,108,320 Accounts receivable and other assets 2,935,387 917,848 Grants receivable 1,838,300 1,534,494 Contributions receivable—net 19,905,402 28,506,760 Unamortized debt issuance costs—net 680,337 518,544 Funds held by bond trustee 2,426,873 2,299,649 Beneficial interest in remainder trust 2,613,469 2,629,823 Land, buildings and improvements, equipment, and rare book collection—net 90,673,753 83,092,279 Investments 772,057,363 774,023,403 ______Total assets $ 900,733,882 899,631,120 ______

Liabilities and Net Assets

Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 8,832,768 7,914,349 Deferred revenue 10,845,676 5,310,557 Liabilities under split-interest agreements 1,913,138 2,136,528 Postretirement benefit obligation 18,473,368 15,262,863 Asset retirement obligation 1,082,777 1,060,476 Bond swap liability 5,127,858 4,131,660 Note payable 74,665 147,861 Long-term debt, net of discount 73,902,321 61,237,580 ______

Total liabilities 120,252,571 97,201,874 ______Net assets: Unrestricted 357,099,237 387,032,882 Temporarily restricted 170,493,442 182,703,391 Permanently restricted 252,888,632 232,692,973 ______

Total net assets 780,481,311 802,429,246 ______

Total liabilities and net assets $ _ 900,733,882 899,631,120 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

93 STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2016

Temporarily Permanently Unrestricted restricted restricted Total ______Operating revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants $ — 10,816,178 — 10,816,178 Government grants — 7,043,263 — 7,043,263 Endowment spending policy 20,986,932 17,867,268 — 38,854,200 Auxiliary activity 7,042,436 — — 7,042,436 Net assets released from restrictions— satisfaction of program restrictions 35,726,709 (35,726,709) — — ______

Total operating revenues, gains, and other support 63,756,077 — — 63,756,077 ______

Expenses: School of Mathematics 11,558,556 — — 11,558,556 School of Natural Sciences 11,870,919 — — 11,870,919 School of Historical Studies 8,690,016 — — 8,690,016 School of Social Science 3,309,893 — — 3,309,893 Libraries and other academic 7,926,242 — — 7,926,242 Administration and general 16,068,543 — — 16,068,543 Auxiliary activity 8,312,231 — — 8,312,231 ______

Total expenses 67,736,400 — — 67,736,400 ______Change in net assets from operations, including depreciation (3,980,323) — — (3,980,323)

Other revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants 62,702 10,303,476 20,195,659 30,561,837 Endowment change after applying spending policy (25,019,294) (22,513,425) — (47,532,719) Change in fair value of bond swap liability (996,198) — — (996,198) Loss on sale of plant assets (532) — — (532) ______

Change in net assets (29,933,645) (12,209,949) 20,195,659 (21,947,935)

Net assets—beginning of year 387,032,882 182,703,391 232,692,973 802,429,246 ______

Net assets—end of year $ 357,099,237 170,493,442 252,888,632 780,481,311 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2015

Temporarily Permanently Unrestricted restricted restricted Total ______Operating revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants $ — 8,331,412 — 8,331,412 Government grants — 6,038,775 — 6,038,775 Endowment spending policy 22,457,949 16,862,951 — 39,320,900 Auxiliary activity 6,762,376 — — 6,762,376 Net assets released from restrictions— satisfaction of program restrictions 31,233,138 (31,233,138) — — ______

Total operating revenues, gains, and other support 60,453,463 — — 60,453,463 ______

Expenses: School of Mathematics 10,561,754 — — 10,561,754 School of Natural Sciences 10,995,815 — — 10,995,815 School of Historical Studies 7,899,091 — — 7,899,091 School of Social Science 4,218,369 — — 4,218,369 Libraries and other academic 7,222,313 — — 7,222,313 Administration and general 14,540,577 — — 14,540,577 Auxiliary activity 7,929,359 — — 7,929,359 ______

Total expenses 63,367,278 — — 63,367,278 ______Change in net assets from operations, including depreciation (2,913,815) — — (2,913,815)

Other revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants 837,108 524,196 30,277,094 31,638,398 Endowment change after applying spending policy 4,536,336 9,144,103 — 13,680,439 Change in fair value of bond swap liability 143,516 — — 143,516 Loss on sale of plant assets (15,420) — — (15,420) ______

Change in net assets 2,587,725 9,668,299 30,277,094 42,533,118

Net assets—beginning of year 384,445,157 173,035,092 202,415,879 759,896,128 ______

Net assets—end of year $ 387,032,882 182,703,391 232,692,973 802,429,246 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2016 AND 2015

2016 2015 ______Cash flows from operating activities: Change in net assets $ (21,947,935) 42,533,118 Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation 4,849,131 4,684,153 Contributions restricted for endowment and plant (28,645,990) (27,324,031) Net realized and unrealized losses/(gains) 5,742,935 (55,034,872) Change in fair value of bond swap liability 996,198 (143,516) Loss on sale of plant assets 532 15,420 Amortization of debt issuance costs 49,325 52,145 Amortization of bond discount 19,260 20,627 Changes in assets/liabilities: Accounts receivable, grants receivable, and other assets (2,321,345) 1,115,329 Contributions receivable 8,601,358 (3,226,839) Beneficial interest in remainder trust 16,354 (70,546) Accounts payable and accrued expenses 918,419 67,732 Deferred revenue 5,535,119 1,564,652 Postretirement benefit obligation 3,210,505 175,902 Asset retirement obligation 22,301 25,219) ______

Net cash used in operating activities ______(22,953,833) ______(35,545,507)

Cash flows from investing activities: Proceeds from sale of plant assets — 1,916,909 Purchase of plant assets (12,431,137) (7,434,326) Proceeds from sale of investments 224,230,743 308,624,724 Purchase of investments ______(228,007,638) ______(289,329,967)

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities ______(16,208,032) ______13,777,340 Cash flows from financing activities: Contributions restricted for endowment and plant 28,645,990 27,324,031 Decrease in liabilities under split-interest agreements (223,390) (211,060) Debt issuance costs on long-term debt (211,118) — Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 15,220,481 — Principal payments on long-term debt (2,575,000) (2,440,000) Principal payments on note payable (73,196) (71,753) Decrease in funds held by bond trustee ______(127,224) ______(12,685) Net cash provided by financing activities 40,656,543 24,588,533 ______Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,494,678 2,820,366 Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year 6,108,320 3,287,954 ______Cash and cash equivalents—end of year $ 7,602,998 6,108,320 ______Supplemental data: Interest paid $ 2,209,025 1,954,592

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

96 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS JUNE 30, 2016 AND 2015

(1) Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization The Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation (the Institute), an independent, private institution devoted to the encouragement, support, and patronage of learning, was founded in 1930 as a community of scholars where intellectual inquiry could be carried out in the most favorable circumstances. Focused on mathematics and classical studies at the outset, the Institute today consists of the School of Historical Studies, the School of Mathematics, the School of Natural Sciences, and the School of Social Science. Each school has a small permanent faculty, and some 190 fellowships are awarded annually to members visiting the Institute from other research institutions and universities throughout the world. The Founders’ original letter to the first Trustees described the objectives of the Institute as follows: “The primary purpose is the pursuit of advanced learning and exploration in fields of pure science and high scholarship to the utmost degree that the facilities of the institution and the ability of the faculty and students will permit.”

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying financial statements, which are presented on the accrual basis of accounting, have been prepared to focus on the Institute as a whole and to present net assets and revenues, expenses, gains, and losses based on the existence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions. Accordingly, net assets and changes therein are classified as follows: • Permanently restricted net assets—net assets subject to donor-imposed stipulations that they be maintained permanently by the Institute. Generally, the donors of these assets permit the Institute to use all or part of the income earned on related investments for general or specific purposes. • Temporarily restricted net assets—net assets subject to donor-imposed stipulations that will be met by actions of the Institute and/or by the passage of time. • Unrestricted net assets—net assets not subject to donor-imposed stipulations. Unrestricted net assets may be designated for specific purposes by action of the board of trustees. Revenues are reported as increases in unrestricted net assets unless use of the related asset is limited by donor-imposed restrictions. Expenses are reported as decreases in unrestricted net assets. Expiration of donor-imposed stipulations that simultaneously increase unrestricted net assets and decrease temporarily restricted net assets are reported as net assets released from restrictions.

(a) Contributions and Grants Contributions and grants, including unconditional promises to give, are recognized initially at fair value as revenues in the period received. Conditional promises to give are not recognized until they become unconditional, that is when the conditions on which they depend are substantially met. Contributions of assets other than cash are recorded at their estimated fair value. Pledges of contributions to be received after one year are discounted at a risk-adjusted discount rate. The discount rates range from 0.28% to 2.07%. Amortization of discount is recorded as additional contribution revenue in accordance with donor-imposed restrictions, if any, on the contributions. The inputs to the fair value estimate are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Contributions of long-lived assets are reported as unrestricted revenue. Contributions restricted for the acquisition of grounds, buildings, and equipment are reported as temporarily restricted revenues. These contributions are reclas- sified to unrestricted net assets upon acquisition of the assets.

(b) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, except for those managed as a component of the Institute’s investment portfolio.

97 (c) Investments Investments in marketable securities are reported in the financial statements at fair value based on published market quotations. Investments in limited partnerships and hedge funds are reported in the financial statements at estimated fair value using net asset value (NAV) or its equivalent as a practical expedient, based upon values provided by external investment managers or general partners, unless it is probable that all or a portion of the investment will be sold for an amount different from NAV. The Institute reviews and evaluates the values provided by external investment managers and general partners and agrees with the valuation methods and assumptions used in determining the fair value of funds. These estimated fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these securities existed. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Institute had no plans or intentions to sell investments at amounts different from NAV. The statements of activities recognize unrealized gains and losses on investments as increases and decreases, respectively, in unrestricted net assets unless their use is temporarily or permanently restricted by explicit donor stipulation or law. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are calculated using the specific identification method. The Institute regularly offers first mortgages on primary residences to full-time faculty and senior administrative employees who have met certain requirements stipulated by the board of trustees.

(d) Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: • Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liabilities. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on available market information and judgments about the financial asset, including estimates of timing, amount of expected future cash flows, and the credit standing of the issuer. In some cases, the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets. In addition, the disclosed fair value may not be realized in the immediate settlement of the financial asset and does not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time an entire holding of a particular financial asset. Potential taxes and other expenses that would be incurred in an actual sale or settlement are not reflected in amounts disclosed. Net Asset Value (NAV) is used as a practical expedient for certain commingled funds, privately held investments, and securities held in partnership format for which a readily determinable fair value is not available, unless the Institute believes such NAV calculation is not measured in accordance with fair value. These values may differ significantly from values that would have been used had a readily available market existed for such investments, and that difference could be material to the change in net assets of the Institute. In May 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-07 (Update No. 2015-07), Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent). The guidance removes the requirement to make certain disclosures and categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the NAV per share practical expedient. The Institute elected to early adopt the provisions of Update No. 201507 and applied the provisions of the update retrospectively to 2015. Additionally, the Institute adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-10 (Update No. 2015-10), Technical Corrections and Improvements. The accounting standards update contains amendments that affect a wide variety of topics in the accounting standards codification. One of these amendments includes a clarification that an equity security has a readily determinable fair value if it meets certain conditions. An equity security includes an investment in a mutual fund or an investment in a structure similar to a mutual fund. The fair value of an equity security is considered to be readily determinable if the fair value per share is determined and published, and is the basis for current transactions. The Institute does not have any investments that were impacted by this accounting standard.

98 (e) Plant Assets and Depreciation Proceeds from the sale of plant assets, if unrestricted, are transferred to operating funds, or, if restricted, to amounts temporarily restricted for plant acquisitions. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets on a straight-line basis (buildings and capital improvements 20–40 years, equipment 3–6 years).

(f) Deferred Revenue Amounts received on conditional grants are recorded initially as deferred revenue and are reported as revenues when expended in accordance with the terms of the condition.

(g) Split-Interest Agreements The Institute is the beneficiary of various unitrusts, pooled income funds, and a gift annuity fund. The Institute’s interest in these split-interest agreements is reported as a contribution in the year received and is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the assets contributed to the Institute and the estimated liability to the beneficiary. This liability is computed using actuarially determined rates and is adjusted annually to reflect changes in the life expectancy of the donor or annuitant, amortization of the discount, and other changes in the estimates of future payments. The assets held by the Institute under these arrangements are recorded at fair value as determined by quoted market prices and are included as a component of investments.

(h) Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs represent costs incurred in connection with debt financing. Amortization of these costs is provided on the effective interest method extending over the remaining term of the applicable indebtedness. Debt issuance costs at June 30, 2016 and 2015 were net of accumulated amortization of $1,067,484 and $1,018,159, respectively.

(i) Other Revenues, Gains, and Other Support A portion of long-term investment income and gains and losses is allocated to operating revenue each year in accordance with the Institute’s spending policy for investments held for endowment and similar purposes, as more fully discussed in note 4. All other investment income earned and gains and losses on investments held for long-term purposes, change in fair value of bond swap liability, and nonrecurring revenue and expenses are considered other revenues, gains and other support in the statements of activities. Private contributions and grants budgeted for operations are included in operating revenues, gains, and other support. All other private contributions and grants are considered other revenues, gains, and other support.

(j) Asset Retirement Obligation The Institute recognizes the fair value of a liability for legal obligations associated with asset retirements in the period in which the obligation is incurred, if a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the obligation can be made. When the liability is initially recorded, the Institute capitalizes the cost of the asset retirement obligation by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The liability is accreted to its present value each period and the capitalized cost associated with the retirement obligation is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the obligation, any difference between the cost to settle the asset retirement obligation and the liability recorded is recognized as a gain or loss in the statements of activities.

(k) Fund Raising Expenses Fund raising expenses incurred by the Institute amounted to $1,974,810 and $1,919,089 for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. This amount is included in administration and general expenses in the accompanying statements of activities.

(l) Functional Allocation of Expenses The costs of providing program services and support services of the Institute have been summarized on a functional basis in the statements of activities. Accordingly, certain operating costs have been allocated among the functional categories.

(m) Tax Status The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes pursuant to Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code) and is listed in the Internal Revenue Service Publication 78. The Institute has been classified as a public charity under Section 509(a) of the Code. There are certain transactions that could be deemed unrelated business income and would result in a tax liability. Management reviews transactions to estimate potential tax liabilities using a threshold of more likely than not. It is management’s estimation that there are no material tax liabilities that need to be recorded.

99 (n) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(2) Contributions Receivable Unconditional promises to give at June 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: ______2016 ______2015 Unconditional promises to give: Less than one year $ 8,116,086 9,879,564 One to five years ______12,611,800 ______20,162,838 20,727,886 30,042,402 Discount on promises to give (822,484) (1,535,642) ______Total $ 19,905,402 28,506,760 ______

At June 30, 2016 and 2015, 92% and 88% of gross contributions receivable and 34% and 63% of contributions revenue are from four donors, respectively. During fiscal 2011, the Institute received two conditional pledges totaling $100 million to enhance the Institute’s endowment fund. The pledges are conditioned on the Institute raising an additional $100 million in cash or pledges from third-party donors in the period January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2015, which have been met. The conditional pledge payments began in June 2011 and will continue through June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Institute has recorded revenue totaling approximately $90.4 million and $72.5 million, respectively, relating to these conditional pledges.

(3) Investments, Funds Held by Bond Trustee, and Beneficial Interest in Remainder Trust (a) Overall Investment Objective The overall investment objective of the Institute is to invest its assets in a prudent manner that will achieve a long- term rate of return sufficient to fund a portion of its annual operating activities and capital preservation. The Institute diversifies its investments among various managers and investment opportunities. Substantially all of the investments are pooled with each individual fund subscribing to or disposing of units on the basis of the market value per unit, determined on a quarterly basis. Major investment decisions are authorized by the Board’s Investment Committee, which oversees the Institute’s investment program in accordance with established guidelines.

(b) Allocation of Investment Strategies In addition to traditional stocks and fixed-income securities, the Institute may also hold shares or units in traditional institutional funds as well as in alternative investment funds involving hedged strategies, private equity, and real asset strategies. Hedged strategies involve funds whose managers have the authority to invest in various asset classes at their discretion, including the ability to invest long and short. Funds with hedged strategies generally hold securities or other financial instruments for which a ready market exists and may include stocks, bonds, put or call options, swaps, currency hedges, and other instruments, and are valued accordingly. Private equity funds employ buyout and venture capital strategies and focus on investments in turn-around situations. Real asset funds generally hold interests in public real estate investment trusts (REITS) or commercial real estate through sole-member entities. Private equity and real asset strategies therefore often require the estimation of fair values by the fund managers in the absence of readily determinable market values. Because of the inherent uncertainties of valuation, these estimated fair values may differ significantly from values that would have been used had a ready market existed, and the differences could be material. Such valuations are determined by fund managers and generally consider variables such as operating results, comparable earnings multiples, projected cash flows, recent sales prices, and other pertinent information, and may reflect discounts for the illiquid nature of certain investments held.

100 The following tables summarize the Institute’s investments and other assets at fair value by major category in the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, as well as related strategy, liquidity, and funding commitments:

June 30, 2016 ______Investments ______Total ______Level 1 ______Level 2 ______Level 3 ______at NAV

Investments: Long-term investment strategies: Hedge funds—onshore: Emerging markets $ 1,504,761 — — — 1,504,761 Equities—long/short 5,579,633 — — — 5,579,633 Multiple strategies 62,415,272 — — — 62,415,272 ______

Total ______69,499,666 ______— ______— ______— ______69,499,666 Hedge funds—offshore: Structured credit 11,990,576 — — — 11,990,576 Distressed/high-yield 5,021,666 — — — 5,021,666 Emerging markets 39,227 — — — 39,227 Equities—long bias 14,627,017 — — — 14,627,017 Equities—long/short 84,284,222 — — — 84,284,222 Event driven strategies 20,541,876 — — — 20,541,876 Multiple strategies 209,508,982 — — — 209,508,982 Quantitative/CTA 55,898,287 — — — 55,898,287 Quantitative equity long short 10,675,606 — — — 10,675,606 Insurance 21,716,573 — — — 21,716,573 Bio tech/health care 11,836,093 — — — 11,836,093 Discretionary macro 13,334,616 — — — 13,334,616 Energy trading ______15,000,000 ______— ______— ______— ______15,000,000

Total ______474,474,741 ______— ______— ______— ______474,474,741

Limited partnerships 157,237,113 — — — 157,237,113 Cash and cash equivalents 60,158,644 60,158,644 — — — Other investments: Assets held under split-interest agreements: Cash and cash equivalents 69,755 69,755 — — — Fixed income securities 3,729,096 — — 3,729,096 — Mortgages from faculty and staff ______6,888,348 ______— ______— ______6,888,348 ______— Total investments $ 772,057,363 60,228,399 — 10,617,444 701,211,520 ______

Other assets: Beneficial interest in remainder trust $ 2,613,469 — — 2,613,469 — Funds held by bond trustee: U.S. government obligations ______2,426,873 ______— ______2,426,873 ______— ______— Total other assets $ 5,040,342 — 2,426,873 2,613,469 — ______

101 June 30, 2015 ______Investments ______Total ______Level 1 ______Level 2 ______Level 3 ______at NAV Investments: Long-term investment strategies: Hedge funds—onshore: Emerging markets $ 1,508,662 — — — 1,508,662 Equities—long bias 8,485,482 — — — 8,485,482 Equities—long/short 5,721,238 — — — 5,721,238 Multiple strategies ______59,487,770 ______— ______— ______— ______59,487,770

Total ______75,203,152 ______— ______— ______— ______75,203,152 Hedge funds—offshore: Structured credit $ 12,756,659 — — — 12,756,659 Distressed/high-yield 8,280,232 — — — 8,280,232 Emerging markets 40,160 — — — 40,160 Equities—long bias 17,337,942 — — — 17,337,942 Equities—long/short 86,553,482 — — — 86,553,482 Event driven strategies 10,530,247 — — — 10,530,247 Fixed income arbitrage 9,693,180 — — — 9,693,180 Multiple strategies 251,669,656 — — — 251,669,656 Quantitative/CTA 28,628,451 — — — 28,628,451 Quantitative equity long short 11,972,947 — — — 11,972,947 Insurance 10,195,080 — — — 10,195,080 Bio tech/health care ______11,506,856 ______— ______— ______— ______11,506,856

Total ______459,164,892 ______— ______— ______— ______459,164,892 Limited partnerships 160,693,468 — — — 160,693,468 Cash and cash equivalents 68,141,954 68,141,954 — — — Other investments: Assets held under split-interest agreements: Cash and cash equivalents 43,011 43,011 — — — Fixed income securities 4,033,210 — — 4,033,210 — Mortgages from faculty and staff ______6,743,716 ______— ______— ______6,743,716 ______—

Total investments $ 774,023,403 68,184,965 — 10,776,926 695,061,512 ______Other assets: Beneficial interest in remainder trust $ 2,629,823 — — 2,629,823 — Funds held by bond trustee: U.S. government obligations ______2,299,649 ______— ______2,299,649 ______— ______—

Total other assets $ 4,929,472 — 2,299,649 2,629,823 — ______

102 The following tables present the Institute’s activities for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 for investments classified in Level 3:

______2016 Assets held under split-interest agreement Beneficial Mortgages Fixed interest in from faculty income remainder ______Level 3______roll forward______and staff ______securities ______trust ______Total Fair value at June 30, 2015 $ 6,743,716 4,033,210 2,629,823 13,406,749 Acquisitions 1,045,818 8,068 — 1,053,886 Dispositions (901,186) (279,083) — (1,180,269) Transfers in/out of Level 3 — — — — Net realized and unrealized gains ______— ______(33,099) ______(16,354) ______(49,453)

Fair value at June 30, 2016 $ ______6,888,348 ______3,729,096 ______2,613,469 ______13,230,913

______2015 Assets held under split-interest agreement Beneficial Mortgages Fixed interest in from faculty income remainder ______Level 3______roll forward______and staff ______securities ______trust ______Total Fair value at June 30, 2014 $ 8,629,342 4,355,799 2,559,277 15,544,418 Acquisitions 800,000 — — 800,000 Dispositions (2,685,626) (307,167) — (2,992,793) Transfers in/out of Level 3 — — — — Net realized and unrealized gains ______— ______(15,422) ______70,546 ______55,124

Fair value at June 30, 2015 $ ______6,743,716 ______4,033,210 ______2,629,823 ______13,406,749

The Institute’s accounting policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between investments classified as Level 1 and Level 2 for the years ended June 30, 2016 or 2015. There were no transfers in or out of investments classified as Level 3 for the years ended June 30, 2016 or 2015. Private equity and venture capital investments are generally made through limited partnerships. Under the terms of such agreements, the Institute may be required to provide additional funding when capital or liquidity calls are made by fund managers. These partnerships have a limited existence, and they may provide for annual extensions for the purpose of disposing portfolio positions and returning capital to investors. However, depending on market conditions, the inability to execute the fund’s strategy, or other factors, a manager may extend the terms of a fund beyond its originally anticipated existence or may wind the fund down prematurely. The Institute cannot anticipate such changes because they generally arise from unforeseeable events, but should they occur they could reduce liquidity or originally anticipated investment returns. Accordingly, the timing and amount of future capital or liquidity calls in any particular future year are uncertain. As of June 30, 2016, the Institute is obligated under certain limited partnership agreements to advance additional funding in the amount of $100,348,509, which is anticipated to be called over the next 10 years.

103 Investment liquidity as of June 30, 2016 is aggregated below based on redemption or sale period:

Investment ______fair values Investment redemption or sale period: Daily $ 60,158,644 Monthly 114,766,050 Quarterly 123,708,370 Semi-annually 43,682,996 Annually 96,468,951 Subject to rolling lock-ups or other restrictions 148,582,883 Illiquid ______184,689,469 Total as of June 30, 2016 $ 772,057,363 ______

(c) Funds Held by Bond Trustee Funds held by bond trustee represent the balance of the proceeds from the 2006 and 2008 New Jersey Educational Facilities Authority (NJEFA or the Authority) bonds, the 2012 taxable bonds and the 2015 taxable bonds that have not yet been expended for construction purposes or debt service payments. These funds are being held in trust by The Bank of New York. Such funds are invested in U.S. government obligations with maturities of less than one year.

(d) Redemption Restrictions—Hedge Funds At June 30, 2016, the Institute had hedge fund investments of approximately $543,992,400, of which approximately $43,631,900 was restricted from redemption for lockup periods. At June 30, 2015, the Institute had hedge fund investments of approximately $534,368,000, of which approximately $66,374,600 was restricted from redemption for lockup periods. Some of the investments with redemption restrictions allow early redemption for specified fees. The terms and conditions upon which an investor may redeem an investment vary, usually with the majority requiring 30 to 180 days’ notice after the initial lockup period. The expirations of redemption lockup periods are summarized in the table below:

______Amount Fiscal year: 2017 $ 17,994,200 2018 8,872,600 2019 and thereafter ______16,765,100 Total $ 43,631,900 ______

(e) Redemption Restrictions—Limited Partnerships At June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Institute had limited partnership investments of approximately $157,237,100 and $160,693,500, respectively, which were restricted from redemption for lockup periods. Some of the investments with redemption restrictions allow early redemption for specified fees. The terms and conditions upon which an investor may redeem an investment vary, usually with the majority requiring 30 to 180 days’ notice after the initial lockup period.

104 The expirations of redemption lockup periods are summarized in the table below:

______Amount Fiscal year: 2017 $ 12,283,700 2018 37,712,800 2019 6,067,400 2020 3,878,600 2021 26,161,700 2022 and thereafter ______71,132,900 Total $ 157,237,100 ______

(4) Investment Return and Endowment Spending Policy Investment return consists of interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments. Each year, the Institute includes a portion of its endowment return in its operating budget, with the amount of such planned support determined using its spending policy. The policy of the Institute is to distribute for current spending a percentage of the fair value of pooled investments which is determined by the Board of Trustees annually. The spending rate for operating and capital purposes was 6.11% and 6.8% for 2016 and 2015, respectively. The following tables summarize the investment return and its classification in the statements of activities for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015: 2016 ______Temporarily Unrestricted restricted Total ______Dividends and interest, net of investment expenses $ (1,271,514) (1,664,070) (2,935,584) Net realized and unrealized losses (2,760,848) (2,982,087) (5,742,935) ______Total investment return (4,032,362) (4,646,157) (8,678,519)

Endowment spending policy for use in operations ______20,986,932 ______17,867,268 ______38,854,200 Endowment change after applying spending policy $ (25,019,294) (22,513,425) (47,532,719) ______

2015 ______Temporarily Unrestricted restricted Total ______Dividends and interest, net of investment expenses $ (982,458) (1,051,075) (2,033,533) Net realized and unrealized gains ______27,976,743 ______27,058,129 ______55,034,872 Total investment return 26,994,285 26,007,054 53,001,339

Endowment spending policy for use in operations ______22,457,949 ______16,862,951 ______39,320,900 Endowment change after applying spending policy $ ______4,536,336 ______9,144,103 ______13,680,439

Total investment management and advisory fees were $3,185,474 and $2,390,633 for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

105 (5) Endowment The Institute’s endowment consists of approximately 100 individual funds established for a variety of purposes including both donor-restricted endowment funds and funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments. Net assets associated with endowments, including funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments, are classified and reported based on the existence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions.

(a) Interpretation of Relevant Law The Institute has interpreted the New Jersey-enacted version of the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act (UPMIFA) as allowing the Institute to appropriate for expenditure or accumulate so much of a donor- restricted endowment fund as the Institute determines is prudent for the uses, benefits, purposes, and duration for which the endowment fund is established, subject to the intent of the donor as expressed in the gift instrument. Unless stated otherwise in the gift instrument, the assets in a donor-restricted endowment fund are donor-restricted assets until appropriated for expenditure by the Board of Trustees of the Institute. As a result of applicable accounting guidance, the Institute classifies as permanently restricted net assets (a) the original value of gifts donated to the permanent endowment, (b) the original value of subsequent gifts to the permanent endowment, and (c) accumula- tions to the permanent endowment made in accordance with the direction of the applicable donor gift instrument at the time the accumulation is added to the fund. The remaining portion of the donor-restricted endowment fund that is not classified as permanently restricted net assets is classified as temporarily restricted net assets until those amounts are appropriated for expenditure in a manner consistent with the standard of prudence prescribed by UPMIFA. From time to time, the fair value of assets associated with individual donor-restricted endowments may fall below the original corpus the fund included in permanently restricted net assets due to unfavorable market fluctuations subsequent to the investment of the gift. Deficiencies of this nature, which are reported in unrestricted net assets, totaled approximately $2,212,000 and $1,895,000, at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Subsequent gains that restore the fair value of the assets of the donor-restricted endowment fund are classified as an increase in unrestricted net assets. Endowment net assets consisted of the following at June 30, 2016 and 2015:

______2016 Temporarily Permanently ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______restricted ______Total Donor restricted $ (2,212,010) 159,961,990 252,888,632 410,638,612 Board designated ______343,959,621 ______— ______— ______343,959,621

$ 341,747,611 159,961,990 252,888,632 754,598,233 ______

______2015 Temporarily Permanently ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______restricted ______Total Donor restricted $ (1,895,141) 182,062,449 232,692,973 412,860,281 Board designated ______373,545,516 ______— ______— ______373,545,516

$ 371,650,375 182,062,449 232,692,973 786,405,797 ______

106 Changes in endowment net assets for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

Temporarily Permanently ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______restricted ______Total Net assets, June 30, 2014 $ 366,347,161 172,496,180 202,415,879 741,259,220 Dividends and interest income, net (982,458) (989,771) — (1,972,229) Realized and unrealized gains 27,976,743 26,994,796 — 54,971,539 Contributions 880,715 424,196 30,277,094 31,582,005 Appropriation for expenditure— operations (22,458,009) (16,862,952) — (39,320,961) Appropriation for expenditure— capital and other ______(113,777) ______— ______— ______(113,777)

Net assets, June 30, 2015 $ 371,650,375 182,062,449 232,692,973 786,405,797 Dividends and interest income, net (1,271,514) (1,665,225) — (2,936,739) Realized and unrealized losses (2,760,848) (2,891,611) — (5,652,459) Contributions 115,750 303,476 20,195,659 20,614,885 Appropriation for expenditure— operations (20,986,932) (17,867,268) — (38,854,200) Appropriation for expenditure— capital and other (4,999,220) — — (4,999,220) Additions to temporarily restricted funds ______— ______20,169 ______— ______20,169

Net assets, June 30, 2016 $ 341,747,611 159,961,990 252,888,632 754,598,233 ______

(b) Return Objectives and Risk Parameters The Institute has adopted investment and spending policies for endowment assets that attempt to provide a predictable stream of funding to programs supported by its endowment while seeking to maintain the purchasing power of the endowment assets.

(c) Strategies Employed for Achieving Objectives The Institute manages its investments in accordance with a total return concept and the goal of maximizing returns within acceptable levels of risk. The Institute relies on a total return strategy in which investment returns are achieved through both capital appreciation (realized and unrealized) and current yield (dividends and interest). The Institute’s spending policy is designed to provide a stable level of financial support and to preserve the real value of its endowment.

(6) Physical Plant Physical plant and equipment are stated at cost at date of acquisition, less accumulated depreciation. A summary of plant assets at June 30, 2016 and 2015 is as follows: 2016 2015 ______Land $ 377,470 377,470 Land improvements 2,503,680 2,360,368 Buildings and improvements 136,904,499 126,342,840 Equipment 34,575,593 33,552,683 Rare book collection 203,508 203,508 Joint ownership property ______5,176,376 ______4,487,887 179,741,126 167,324,756

Accumulated depreciation ______(89,067,373) ______(84,232,477) Net book value $ 90,673,753 83,092,279 ______

107 (7) Long-Term Debt A summary of long-term debt at June 30, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

______2016 ______2015 2006 Series B—NJEFA $ 23,400,000 24,500,000 2006 Series C—NJEFA 16,000,000 16,500,000 2008 Series C—NJEFA 3,335,000 3,910,000 2012 Taxable 16,130,000 16,530,000 2015 Taxable 15,300,000 — Less unamortized bond discount ______(262,679) ______(202,420) Total long-term debt $ ______73,902,321 ______61,237,580 ______

Interest expense on long-term debt for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $2,150,287 and $1,916,444, respectively.

(a) 2006 Series B In July 2006, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $29,600,000 Revenue Bonds, 2006 Series B of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. The 2006 Series B Bonds were issued to finance the advance refunding of the outstanding 1997 Series G Bonds, the partial advance refunding of the 2001 Series A Bonds, and to pay a portion of certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2006 Series B Bonds.

(b) 2006 Series C In March 2007, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $20,000,000 Revenue Bonds, 2006 Series C of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. Proceeds are being used to finance the costs of construction, ren- ovating, and equipping certain educational facilities of the Institute, to fund capitalized interest on the 2006 Series C Bonds during the renovation and construction, and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2006 Series C Bonds.

(c) 2008 Series C In March 2008, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $11,255,000 Revenue Bonds, 2008 Series C of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. The 2008 Series C Bonds were issued to finance the advance refunding of outstanding 1997 Series F Bonds, the advance refunding of outstanding 1997 Series G, and to pay a portion of certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2008 Series C Bonds.

(d) 2012 Taxable In December 2012, the Institute received proceeds of $17,320,000 Taxable Bonds, 2012 Series of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $92,000. The 2012 Taxable Bonds were used to finance the advance refunding of outstanding 2001 Series A Bonds, to fund renovations to the Members Housing facility and the costs of renovation and equipping certain educational facilities of the Institute, and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2012 Taxable Bonds.

(e) 2015 Taxable In November 2015, the Institute received proceeds of $15,300,000 Taxable Bonds, 2015 Series of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $80,000. The 2015 Taxable Bonds were used to fund capital projects at the Institute and for other corporate purposes of the Institute, and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2015 Taxable Bonds.

(f) Interest Rates The 2006 Series B and C Bonds bear interest at variable rates. The bonds were issued in the weekly mode with weekly rates determined by Lehman Brothers Inc, as Remarketing Agent and paid monthly. The maximum interest rate on the 2006 Bonds shall be twelve percent (12%) per annum. The 2006 bonds are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through July 1, 2036. The obligation to pay the Authority on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation of the Institute. On September 18, 2008, the Institute entered into a contract with JPMorgan Chase Bank to take over as Remarketing Agent, replacing Lehman Brothers Inc.

108 The 2008 Series C Bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 3% to 5% per annum, payable semi-annually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through July 1, 2021. The obligation to pay the Authority on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation of the Institute. The 2012 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 0.388% to 3.892% per annum, payable semi-annually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through December 1, 2042. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute. The 2015 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 0.906% to 4.394% per annum, payable semi-annually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through December 1, 2045. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute.

(g) Bond Swap Agreement On December 22, 2008, the Institute entered into a swap agreement with Wells Fargo Bank covering $28,800,000 of outstanding 2006 Series B Bonds that required the Institute to pay a fixed rate of 3.7702% to Wells Fargo Bank in exchange for Wells Fargo Bank agreeing to pay the Institute a variable rate equal to 67% of the USD-LIBOR-BBA rate with a term of three months, payable monthly, on an identical notional amount. The notional value of the 2006 Series B Bond is $24,500,000. The effective date of the swap was December 22, 2008 and the termination date of the swap agreement coincides with the maturity of the bonds, which is July 1, 2031. The Institute entered into this swap agreement with the intention of lowering its effective interest rate. At June 30, 2016 and 2015, the fair value of the interest rate swap was $(5,127,858) and $(4,131,660), respectively. The unrealized (loss)/gain recognized during the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 in the amount of $(996,198) and $143,516, respectively, is reported in the statements of activities in change in fair value of bond swap liability. The swap agreement utilizes Level 2 inputs to measure fair value. The fair value of the interest rate swap was determined using pricing models developed based on the LIBOR swap rate and other market data. Under the swap agreement, the Institute may be required to post collateral to the counterparty if certain triggering events (rates and dollar thresholds) are met. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, there was no requirement to post collateral imposed by the swap counterparty. The bonds are repayable as follows at June 30, 2016:

Amount ______Year ending June 30: 2017 $ 2,915,000 2018 3,160,000 2019 3,600,000 2020 3,740,000 2021 3,780,000 2022 through 2046 ______56,970,000 Total $ 74,165,000 ______

The 2006 Series B, 2006 Series C, and 2008 Series C bonds are secured by a pledge of revenues pursuant to the respective Loan Agreements.

(h) Lines of Credit As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Institute had unsecured loan agreements representing a line of credit. As of June 30, 2016, the agreement provides for borrowings up to $20,000,000, and is available through April 2019. As of June 30, 2015, there were two agreements that provided for borrowings up to $20,000,000 and $30,000,000, and were available through April 2016. The $30,000,000 line of credit was not renewed. Interest payments are due on demand and interest accrues at the LIBOR rate plus 90 basis points, which was 2.16% as of June 30, 2016. There were no borrowings in fiscal year 2016 or 2015 against the lines of credit. No interest expense was incurred for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

109 (8) Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits Separate voluntary defined contribution retirement plans are in effect for faculty members and eligible staff personnel, both of which provide for annuities, which are funded, to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and/or the College Retirement Equities Fund. Contributions are based on the individual participant’s compensation in accordance with the for- mula set forth in the plan documents on a nondiscriminatory basis. Contributions for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 totaled approximately $2,220,500 and $2,251,400, respectively. In addition to providing pension benefits, the Institute provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and faculty. Substantially, all of the Institute’s employees may become eligible for these benefits if they meet minimum age and service requirements. The Institute accrues these benefits over a period in which active employees become eligible under existing benefit plans. The following table provides a reconciliation of the change in benefit obligation of the plan at June 30, 2016 and 2015. There are no plan assets at June 30, 2016 and 2015.

2016 2015 Postretirement benefit obligation: ______Retirees $ 5,748,176 5,273,118 Fully eligible active plan participants 3,013,153 1,644,181 Other active plan participants ______9,712,039 ______8,345,564 Postretirement benefit obligation $ 18,473,368 15,262,863 ______Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of eary $ 15,262,863 15,086,961 Service cost 731,336 774,586 Interest cost 671,036 647,226 Benefits paid (371,378) (356,662) Actuarial loss (gain) ______2,179,511 ______(889,248)

Benefit obligation at end of year $ ______18,473,368 ______15,262,863 ______Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 731,336 774,586 Interest cost 671,036 647,226 Amortization of net loss (gain) ______2,179,511 ______(889,248)

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost $ 3,581,883 532,564 ______

______2016 ______2015 Benefit obligation weighted average assumptions at June 30, 2016 and 2015: Discount rate 3.61% 4.46% Periodic benefit cost weighted average assumptions for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015: Discount rate 4.46% 4.35%

The healthcare trend rate is assumed to be 6.0% in fiscal 2016 and 7.5% in fiscal 2015, trending up to an ultimate rate of 5% in 2026 and thereafter.

110 The effects of a 1% increase or decrease in trend rates on total service and interest cost and the postretirement benefit obligation are as follows:

______2016 ______2015 Increase Decrease Increase Decrease ______Effect on total service and interest cost $ 458,444 (304,768) 478,350 (316,756)

Effect on the postretirement benefit obligation 4,633,598 (3,319,381) 3,862,157 (2,649,492)

Projected payments for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter through 2026 are as follows: Amount ______Year ending June 30: 2017 $ 468,000 2018 480,000 2019 487,000 2020 501,000 2021 513,000 2022 through 2026 3,081,000

The Institute funds claims as they are incurred. The Institute does not expect to contribute any amounts in fiscal 2016 or 2015, except as needed to provide for benefit payments.

(9) Temporarily and Permanently Restricted Assets Restricted net assets are available for the following purposes at June 30, 2016 and 2015:

______2016 ______2015 Temporarily restricted net assets are restricted to: School of Mathematics $ 29,821,537 34,269,453 School of Natural Sciences 15,514,305 19,045,637 School of Historical Studies 36,682,351 41,068,809 School of Social Science 56,720,143 61,224,425 Libraries and other academic 5,624,983 6,612,801 Administration and general ______26,130,123 ______20,482,266 $ 170,493,442 182,703,391 ______Permanently restricted net assets are restricted to: Investments to be held in perpetuity, the income from which is expendable to support academic services $ 252,888,632 232,692,973

(10) Subsequent Events The Institute evaluated events subsequent to June 30, 2016 through November 3, 2016, the date on which the financial statements were issued and determined there were no subsequent events required to be disclosed.

111

Cover: On February 11, 2016, Professor Matias Zaldarriaga spoke at the Institute about the detection of gravitational waves, a key prediction of Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity.

Opposite page: The globe of Albert Einstein, one of the Institute’s first Professors (1933–55), is housed in the Shelby White and Leon Levy Archives Center on the Institute campus.

COVER PHOTO: ANDREA KANE Institute for Advanced Study Study Advanced for Institute

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY EINSTEIN DRIVE PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540 (609) 734-8000 www.ias.edu

Re port for port 2 0 1 5–2 0 1 6 Report for the Academic Year 2015–2016