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Soils Division, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton G 11th CONGRESS INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL SCIENCE EDMONTON, CANADA JUNE 1978 GUIDEBOOK FOR A SOIL AND LAND USE TOUR IN THE SOUTHERN CORDILLERA OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ALBERTA TOUR 12 BRITISH COLUMBIA SECTION T. M. LORD Soil Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Vancouver H. A. LUTTMERDING Resource Analysis Branch, British Columbia Ministry of the Environment, Kelowna ALBERTA SECTION L. J. KNAPIK Soils Division, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton G. M. COEN Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Edmonton Guidebook Editors CDA Soil Research Institute Contribution 650 D. F. Acton and L. S. Crosson Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology Saskatoon, Saskatchewan i i TABLE Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................. ix INTRODUCTION..................................................... 1 GENERAL ITINERARY.. • . • . 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA.................................. 4 Canadian Overview........................................... 4 Regional Overview........................................... 9 A1 berta Plain. 9 Rocky Moun in Foothills......................................... 17 Rocky Mountains.................................................. 21 Rocky Mountain h .••.••.........••...............•....... , .... 28 Columbia Mountains .............................................. 32 Shuswap Highland ................................................ 38 Thompson Plateau ................................................ 41 Cascade Mountains ............................................... 47 Pacific Ranges ..... , ............................................ 52 Fraser Lowland .................................................. 57 LAND USE ........................................................ 62 The Canada Land Inventory ....................................... 62 Agricul ility .................................... 62 The Reserves Bri sh Columbia ......... 63 Fores ........................................ 64 Nation.al 64 DAY 1 EDMONTON TO JASP (365 )........ ...... .. .... ...... ...... 67 Overlander Site: ic anic i 76 DAY 2 JASPER TO BANFF ) ......... ' ........................ 82 Bow Pass Site: ic ic zo l .................. 90 i i i DAY 3 BANFF TO GOLDEN ( 148 km) .................................. 97 Muleshoe Site: Eluviated Eutric Brunisol .................. 98 Golden Site: Brunisolic Gray Luvisol ...................... 102 DAY 4 GOLDEN TO REVELSTOKE (140 km) ............................. 105 DAY 5 REVELSTOKE TO VERNON (192 km) ............................. 108 Salmon Arm Site: Orthic Gray Luvisol ...................... 109 Vernon Site: Orthic Black Chernozemic ..................... 111 DAY 6 VERNON TO PENTICTON (136 km) .............................. 116 Kelowna Substation Site: Eluviated Eutric Brunisol... .. .... 117 Summerland Station Site: Orthic Brown Chernozemic.... .. .... 119 DAY 7 PENTICTON TO MANNING PARK (279 km)... ...... ...... ... ... .. 125 Mount Kobau Site: Sombric Dystric Brunisol....... .. .... .. 128 Similkameen Mine Site: Orthic Gray Luvisol............... .. 139 DAY 8 MANNING PARK TO VANCOUVER (312 km)........ .. ... ..... ... ... 143 Abbotsford Substation Site: Sombric Humo-Ferric Podzol ... .. 147 Mount Seymour Site: Durie Ferro-Humic Podzol ... ..... .... .. 153 REFERENCES. 155 APPENDICES Appendix A The Canadian System of Soil Classification........... 161 Appendix B Methods of Analyses.................................. 163 Appendix C Format for Micromorphological Descriptions........... 164 Appendix D Site, Pedon, Micromorphological and Parent Material Descriptions, and Analytical Data.................... 165 Overlander Site: Orthic Melanic Brunisol... ...... 166 Bow Pass Site: Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol......... 175 Muleshoe Site: Eluviated Eutric Brunisol... ... ... 180 Golden Site: Brunisolic Gray Luvisol... .... .. .. .. 185 Salmon Arm Site: Orthic Gray Luvisol........... .. 191 Vernon Site: Orthic Black Chernozemic............ 197 Kelowna Substation Site: Eluviated Eutric Bruni sol................ 202 Summerland Station Site: Orthic Brown Chernozemic.......... ... 207 Mount Kobau Site: Orthic Sombric Brunisol... .. ... 2J2 iv Page Similkameen Mine Site: Orthic Gray Luvisol. .... .. 218 Abbotsford Substation Site: Sombric Humo- Ferric Podzol ....... 224 Mount Seymour Site: Durie Humic Podzol....... .... 229 Appendix E Nitrogen Distribution................................ 235 Appendix F Plants Commonly Found on the Tour Route.............. 240 Appendix G Selected Climatic Data on the Tour Route............. 247 Appendix H Irrigation in the Okanagan........................... 256 Appendix I The Rangelands of British Columbia................... 259 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure l. Tour route map................................................... x 2. Physiographic regions of Canada.................................. 6 3. Vegetation regions of Canada..................................... 7 4. Soil regions of Canada.................... .. .. .. .. .. 8 5. Physiographic regions of Alberta................................. 10 6. Level to undulating topography of the plains..................... 11 7. Agroclimatic areas of southern Alberta........................... 12 8. Forest Regions of Alberta........................................ 13 9. The Rocky Mountain Foothills..................................... 15 10. Soil group map of Alberta........................................ 16 11. The rugged topography of the Valley of Ten Peaks is typical of the Rocky Mountains.............................................. 19 12. Regional structure of the Rocky Mountains........................ 20 13. Bioclimatic zones of Banff and Jasper National Parks............. 24 14. Montane forest zone Trembling Aspen-White Spruce stand on a fluvial fan in the Bow Valley.................................... 25 15. Subalpine forest zone at Lake Louise made up Alpine Fir- Engelmann Spruce forest.......................................... 25 16. The Sunshine alpine area along the Continental Divided west of Banff............................................................ 27 17. Rocky Mountain Trench............................................ 29 18. Physiographic regions of southern British Columbia............... 30 19. Biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia......................... 31 20. Soils of British Columbia........................................ 33 21. Generalized geology of British Columbia.......................... 34 22. The Columbia Valley and Selkirk Mountains, Revelstoke..... .. ..... 36 23. Rogers Pass...................................................... 37 24. The Okanagan Valley at Summerland................................ 43 25. Alpine landscapes in Cascade Mountains........................... 48 26. Soil mapping units in the Cascade Mountains...................... 51 27. Alpine meadows, Manning Park..................................... 53 28. Vancouver and Pacific Ranges..................................... 54 29. Soil climates of British Columbia................................ 56 30. The Fraser Lowland. 58 31. Surficial deposits and landforms in the Fraser Lowland........... 59 32. Route map DAY l.................................................. 66 33. Generalized soil map- Edmonton to Pembina River................. 69 34. Generalized soil map- Pembina River to Mcleod River............. 71 35. Generalized soil map- Mcleod River to Hinton.................... 74 36. Generalized soil map- Hinton to Jasper.......................... 75 37. Stereogram of the Brule Lake area (Overlander site).............. 77 38. Stereogram of the Signal Mountain area........................... 80 39. Route map DAY 2.................................................. 81 40. Athabaska Glacier and the lcefields Chalet....................... 84 41. The Columbia Icefield.. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. ... 85 42. Athabasca Glacier................................................ 86 43. Stereogram of the Bow Pass area.................................. 91 44. Peyto Lake....................................................... 92 45. Route map DAY 3.................................................. 96 46. Cross section of the Bow Valley at Baker Creek................... 99 vi Page 47. General soils map of Yoho National Park ......................... 103 48. Route map DAY 4 ................................................. 104 49. Route map DAY 5 ................................................. 107 50. Surficial Geology of the Shuswap area ........................... 110 51. Land near Vernon in the North Okanagan ..................... 112 52. Surficia deposits of northern Okanagan Valley .................. 113 53. Route map DAY 6 ..................•............................... 115 54. Surficial deposits of southern Okanagan Valley- area 3 ......... 118 55. Okanagan Agriculture Reporting Region showing high capability and moderate capability lands ................................... 120 55a. Summerland station site ......................................... 121 56. te map DAY 7 .•.•..•............•.............................. 124 57. Surficial deposits of southern Okanagan Valley- area 1 and 2 ... 126 58. California bighorn sheep ........................................ 127 59. Osoyoos Lake .................................................... 129 60. Vineyards above Osoyoos Lake .................................... 130 61. Mount Kobau soil site ........................................... 131 62. Soil groups near Princeton, Similkameen River valley ............ 134 63. a) Chernozemic soils on open and semiopen
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