DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Convergence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Economic Convergence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia ISSN 2443-8030 (online) Economic Convergence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia Michal Havlat, David Havrlant, Robert Kuenzel and Allen Monks ECONOMIC BRIEF 034 | MARCH 2018 EUROPEAN ECONOMY Economic and EUROPEAN Financial Affairs ECONOMY European Economy Economic Briefs are written by the staff of the European Commission’s Directorate- General for Economic and Financial Affairs to inform discussion on economic policy and to stimulate debate. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of the European Commission. Authorised for publication by Servaas Deroose, Deputy Director-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the European Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the information contained in this publication. This paper exists in English only and can be downloaded from https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/economic-and-financial-affairs-publications_en. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 PDF ISBN 978-92-79-77363-1 ISSN 2443-8030 doi:10.2765/988425 KC-BE-18-002-EN-N © European Union, 2018 Non-commercial reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs Economic Convergence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia By Michal Havlat, David Havrlant, Robert Kuenzel and Allen Monks Summary This brief discusses economic convergence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia vis-à-vis the EU-28 during the past two decades, focusing mainly on developments in Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. It addresses three questions. First, did economic convergence take place in both countries? Second, did convergence speed and patterns differ between the two? Third, have growth and convergence paths changed since the global economic and financial crisis of 2009? This brief concludes with a 'yes' to each of the above questions. The Czech Republic and Slovakia witnessed considerable catch-up growth relative to the EU average, particularly in the period between 2003 and 2008. In this pre-crisis period the rate of convergence was much stronger in Slovakia than in the Czech Republic, thereby substantially reducing the relative income gap that existed between Slovakia and its supposedly richer twin. Differences in the average speed of convergence between the two countries since the late 1990s can be largely explained by a simple model of "absolute beta convergence", which suggests that countries with initially lower levels of economic development should grow faster than higher-income countries. In order to further explain the specific economic developments in the two countries, this brief examines various policy-related and structural factors, including their industrial legacies and the attractiveness for FDI, labour market reforms, and EU accession combined with the receipt of EU structural funds. It further argues that Slovakia's euro adoption in 2009 is likely to have boosted its economic advancement, even though it is probably too early for an exact quantification of this supportive effect. Finally, the global crisis appears to have marked the start of a slowing - and temporary stalling - of convergence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Acknowledgements: The brief benefited from comments by C. Martinez-Mongay, M. Hallet, F. Wöhlbier, W. Paczynski, M. Stierle, F. Barros Castro and from work undertaken by former staff members of DG ECFIN's Czech Desk, notably Milan Lisicky and Renata Hruzova, for a seminar on economic convergence held in Prague in February 2014. Leonardo Perez-Aranda provided excellent research assistance. Contact: Michal Havlat, [email protected]; David Havrlant, [email protected]; Robert Kuenzel, [email protected]; Allen Monks, [email protected]. European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, Economies of the Member States II – Czech Republic, Slovakia, United Kingdom. EUROPEAN ECONOMY Economic Brief 034 European Economy Economic Briefs Issue 034 | March 2018 investigating the natural experiment represented by Introduction the split of Czechoslovakia into two states (and economies) with the aim of drawing lessons for This brief discusses the economic convergence of economic policymaking. the Czech Republic and Slovakia vis-à-vis the EU- Economic convergence between countries and 28 following the transition of Czechoslovakia from a regions can be measured by relative planned economy in the early 1990s and the developments in nominal income per capita subsequent dissolution of the country into its two adjusted for relative changes in price levels. This constituent parts in 1993. In particular, this brief brief mainly focuses on developments in GNI per examines the extent and timing of per capita income capita adjusted for changes in the price level using convergence in the two countries since 1998 and list Eurostat's purchasing power standard (PPS). a number of explanatory factors, including their Measuring economic convergence using GNI (as accession to the European Union in 2004 and opposed to GDP) is warranted in case significant Slovakia's entry into the euro area in 2009. parts of national income are generated in the domestic economy but flow out as dividends and This brief is structured as follows. Section 2 presents earnings to non-residents, as is the case in the two the stylised facts of economic convergence in the FDI-intensive economies in question; Box 1 two countries, as well as a primary analysis of GNI provides further explanations on this. The empirical and potential GDP growth over the past two analysis generally starts in 1998 as earlier national decades. A box provides methodological details on account data for the Czech Republic and Slovakia the measurement of convergence. Section 3 are quite volatile and, in the view of the authors, not examines factors that contributed to convergence sufficiently reliable. This likely reflects the since 1998, including Slovakia's lower starting level transition of these economies from planned to of income, the timing and intensity of investment market-based systems as well as issues related to the activity and inflows of foreign direct investment quality of available data. (FDI), labour market reforms, and EU accession and structural funds. Section 4 briefly comments on Figure 1: GNI per capita (in PPS) convergence in the post-2009 period, touching upon the role of fiscal consolidation and of Slovakia's 35,000 euro adoption; section 5 concludes. 30,000 Convergence performance of the Czech Republic and Slovakia 25,000 Understanding the patterns and determinants of 20,000 economic growth has been a central motivation in the field of economics. In the context of European 15,000 integration, which has helped to successively link Member States' economies with one another, the 10,000 degree to which growing interrelationships have benefitted poorer and/or more recent entrants into 5,000 the EU is of particular relevance. Economic 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 convergence has been a long-standing policy Czech Republic Slovakia EU-28 objective underpinning EU economic policy coordination and financial assistance. Moreover, Source: AMECO, own calculations efforts to deepen and complete Europe's Economic and Monetary Union aim at creating more jobs, Per capita income levels rose significantly between 1998 and 2016 in the Czech Republic boost growth and investment, and increase social 2 fairness and macroeconomic stability.1 The degree and Slovakia , ensuring catch-up with the EU to which economic convergence takes place, and average. GNI per capita (adjusted for PPS) more under which conditions, remains a contested issue in than doubled in Slovakia and almost doubled in the both theoretical and applied economic research This Czech Republic over the period in question (Figure brief approaches the convergence question by 1). While in both countries per capita incomes 2 European Economy Economic Briefs Issue 034 | March 2018 broadly traced the trend of the European Union as a Figure 3: Contributions to per capita income whole, Figure 2 shows that Slovak income per capita convergence (1998-2016) rose from 52% of the EU-28 average in 1998 to 76.2% in 2016, an increase of 24.2pps., while Czech pps. of GDP GNI per capita rose by a more modest 10.6pps. from 40 72.0% to 82.6%. In both cases much of the contributing increase occurred in the period before 30 2009. The timing of this convergence pattern, as 20 well as the possible existence of a structural break marked by the economic and financial crisis, will be 10 revisited later on in this brief. 0 Figure 2: GNI per capita (PPS) as % of EU-28 -10 85% 80% -20 CZ SK 75% Relative GNI Relative Population 70% PPS GNI per capita (PPS) 65% Source: AMECO, own calculations 60% 55% Figure 4: Contributions to annual potential GDP 50% growth 45% pps. of potential GDP 6 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Czech Republic Slovakia 2001-08 2009-16 5 Source: AMECO, own calculations 4 Rising aggregate national income drove per 3 capita income convergence in both countries, in spite of relatively fast increases in domestic 2 prices. Figure 3 shows the contribution of the three components of relative GNI per capita to the overall 1 change in these ratios.3 In both countries, more rapid growth in nominal GNI was the main driver of 0 convergence towards the EU-28 average, with the CZ SK CZ SK stronger contribution in Slovakia reflecting a larger Capital Accumulation Total Labour (Hours) TFP Potential Growth GNI increase. Relative population developments also made a positive contribution, with lower population growth in these two countries relative to Source: AMECO, own calculations the EU-28.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 8733/21 HVW/Io 1 LIFE.1 Delegations Will Find in Annex a Joint Declaration by Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Bulgar
    Council of the European Union Brussels, 12 May 2021 (OR. en) 8733/21 AGRI 218 ENV 305 PESTICIDE 16 PHYTOSAN 17 VETER 37 PECHE 146 MARE 14 ECOFIN 437 RECH 212 SUSTDEV 61 DEVGEN 95 FAO 16 WTO 133 NOTE From: General Secretariat of the Council To: Delegations Subject: Joint Declaration of the Ministers of Agriculture of the Visegrad Group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) and Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania on the opportunities and challenges for farmers stemming from the Farm to Fork strategy - Information from the Polish delegation on behalf of the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian and Slovakian delegations Delegations will find in Annex a joint declaration by Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania on the above subject, concerning an item under "Any other business" at the Council (''Agriculture and Fisheries'') on 26-27 May 2021. 8733/21 HVW/io 1 LIFE.1 EN ANNEX Joint declaration of the Ministers of Agriculture of the Visegrad Group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) and Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, on the opportunities and challenges of agricultural holdings in light of the Farm to Fork Strategy On 21 April 2021 the Polish Presidency of Visegrad Group organized a videoconference of Ministers of Agriculture of the Visegrad Group: (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) and Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania and Slovenia (GV4+4). The main topic of the discussion was the opportunities and challenges of agricultural holdings in the GV4 + 4 countries in light of the Farm to Fork Strategy. The Ministers also exchanged views on the Strategic Plans of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Cultural Conditions of Societal Transformation: the Case of Slovakia
    Folia geographica 5 SOCIO-CULTURAL CONDITIONS OF SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATION: THE CASE OF SLOVAKIA Karol KASALA I Introduction Thcre were changing positions of single constituent parts in the story of human civilization. Culture, above all as a precondition for human action, was the most important clement of society in its archaic age of traditional society. Rationalism and especially technical progress led later to the rise of an idea of "economism" with its chief goals: progress and modernity, economic and industrial growth (not development) with great efforts at acceleration of production and the ideologies of consumerism, variety and rising choices, and increasing standard of living. West­ ern rationalism and economism - based on the Judco-Christian thought tradition, ideas of rationalism and Enlightenment, technical progress and successes of in­ dustrial Revolution - led to extensive crises. Ecological and enviromental issues, unrenewable resources, congestion, famine, food and social and regional inequal­ ities poblems, accelerating rhythms of economic crises and thcir social impacts, institutional and power-relations crises, problems of social and health care and urban issucs, losses of ccrtainties and frustrations from rising expectations .... all these issues indicate world-wide view changes. And so we arc witnessing the rising importance of the social and cultural sphere of human civilization, because the changes arc primarily social in their character (position of the individual in the society. changing power relations, hierarch ies and gender relations, social role of the state, social inequalities more problematic than economic inequalities, and so on). This article deals with culture and culturally conditioned social processes and phcnomena, and therefore it does not include problems such as minorities, mobil­ ity and migration, political, ownership and economic reconstruction institutions, democratization process, social impacts of economic transformation, organization of the society, powershifts, and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Flash Reports on Labour Law January 2017 Summary and Country Reports
    Flash Report 01/2017 Flash Reports on Labour Law January 2017 Summary and country reports EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Unit B.2 – Working Conditions Flash Report 01/2017 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 ISBN ABC 12345678 DOI 987654321 © European Union, 2017 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Flash Report 01/2017 Country Labour Law Experts Austria Martin Risak Daniela Kroemer Belgium Wilfried Rauws Bulgaria Krassimira Sredkova Croatia Ivana Grgurev Cyprus Nicos Trimikliniotis Czech Republic Nataša Randlová Denmark Natalie Videbaek Munkholm Estonia Gaabriel Tavits Finland Matleena Engblom France Francis Kessler Germany Bernd Waas Greece Costas Papadimitriou Hungary Gyorgy Kiss Ireland Anthony Kerr Italy Edoardo Ales Latvia Kristine Dupate Lithuania Tomas Davulis Luxemburg Jean-Luc Putz Malta Lorna Mifsud Cachia Netherlands Barend Barentsen Poland Leszek Mitrus Portugal José João Abrantes Rita Canas da Silva Romania Raluca Dimitriu Slovakia Robert Schronk Slovenia Polonca Končar Spain Joaquín García-Murcia Iván Antonio Rodríguez Cardo Sweden Andreas Inghammar United Kingdom Catherine Barnard Iceland Inga Björg Hjaltadóttir Liechtenstein Wolfgang Portmann Norway Helga Aune Lill Egeland Flash Report 01/2017 Table of Contents Executive Summary ..............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Contemporary Georgia – Vision from Czech Republic
    Reflections on Contemporary Georgia – Vision from Czech Republic Written by Bakar Berekashvili Note: This article is simultaneously published for the newspaper The Georgian Times on 15 October 2007 „There is no guarantee that the civil society is always benign. But we must take the risk. The civil society corresponds to the historical possibilities of man and history as a drama of good and evil. This is the dignity of man: the choice of good and evil.“ Merab Mamardashvili Brief Discourse on Georgia’s Desire to become European Democratic Country Georgia’s political and social aspirations are an open secret. These aspirations are based on country’s strong desire to build democracy and civil society in Georgia, to integrate into the European space of democratic and civic values and thus to confirm again for modern world that Georgia is a democratic European state. But definitely the task is not so simple, it is very challenging and still full with various obstacles. Georgia still has to pass a long way of democratization in order to achieve its democratic goals and finally to be formed not transitional democracy but real democracy in our own country. In Czech Republic, where I live now, it took approximately 10 years to become democratic country. Since 1989 when communism died in this country, Czech Republic started rapid consolidation of democratic values that was doubtlessly led by Václav Havel. Currently, Czech Republic returned to its hostorical roots and enjoys to be democratic European country. However, here I mean no way that there are no problems in Czech Republic and that here we have absolute democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • European Parliament: 7Th February 2017 Redistribution of Political Balance
    POLICY PAPER European issues n°420 European Parliament: 7th February 2017 redistribution of political balance Charles de Marcilly François Frigot At the mid-term of the 8th legislature, the European Parliament, in office since the elections of May 2014, is implementing a traditional “distribution” of posts of responsibility. Article 19 of the internal regulation stipulates that the Chairs of the parliamentary committees, the Deputy-Chairs, as well as the questeurs, hold their mandates for a renewable 2 and a-half year period. Moreover, internal elections within the political groups have supported their Chairs, whilst we note that there has been some slight rebalancing in terms of the coordinators’ posts. Although Italian citizens draw specific attention with the two main candidates in the battle for the top post, we should note other appointments if we are to understand the careful balance between nationalities, political groups and individual experience of the European members of Parliament. A TUMULTUOUS PRESIDENTIAL provide collective impetus to potential hesitations on the part of the Member States. In spite of the victory of the European People’s Party (EPP) in the European elections, it supported Martin As a result the election of the new President of Schulz in July 2104 who stood for a second mandate as Parliament was a lively[1] affair: the EPP candidate – President of the Parliament. In all, with the support of the Antonio Tajani – and S&D Gianni Pittella were running Liberals (ADLE), Martin Schulz won 409 votes following neck and neck in the fourth round of the relative an agreement concluded by the “grand coalition” after majority of the votes cast[2].
    [Show full text]
  • Slovak Republic
    Doing Business 2020 Slovak Republic Economy Profile Slovak Republic Page 1 Doing Business 2020 Slovak Republic Economy Profile of Slovak Republic Doing Business 2020 Indicators (in order of appearance in the document) Starting a business Procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital to start a limited liability company Dealing with construction permits Procedures, time and cost to complete all formalities to build a warehouse and the quality control and safety mechanisms in the construction permitting system Getting electricity Procedures, time and cost to get connected to the electrical grid, and the reliability of the electricity supply and the transparency of tariffs Registering property Procedures, time and cost to transfer a property and the quality of the land administration system Getting credit Movable collateral laws and credit information systems Protecting minority investors Minority shareholders’ rights in related-party transactions and in corporate governance Paying taxes Payments, time, total tax and contribution rate for a firm to comply with all tax regulations as well as postfiling processes Trading across borders Time and cost to export the product of comparative advantage and import auto parts Enforcing contracts Time and cost to resolve a commercial dispute and the quality of judicial processes Resolving insolvency Time, cost, outcome and recovery rate for a commercial insolvency and the strength of the legal framework for insolvency Employing workers Flexibility in employment regulation and redundancy cost Page 2 Doing Business 2020 Slovak Republic About Doing Business The Doing Business project provides objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies and selected cities at the subnational and regional level.
    [Show full text]
  • Double Taxation Treaty Between Ireland and Czech Republic
    Double Taxation Treaty between Ireland and Czech Republic Convention between Ireland and the Czech Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital Ireland and the Czech Republic, desiring to conclude a Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital, have agreed as follows: 1 Article 1 Personal Scope This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States. 2 Article 2 Taxes Covered 1. This Convention shall apply to taxes on income and on capital imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied. 2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital all taxes imposed on total income, on total capital, or on elements of income or of capital, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property. 3. The existing taxes to which this Convention shall apply are: a. in Ireland: i. the income tax; ii. the corporation tax; and iii. the capital gains tax; (hereinafter referred to as "Irish tax"); b. in the Czech Republic: i. the tax on income of individuals (dan z prijmu fyzickych osob); ii. the tax on income of legal persons (dan z prijmu pravnickych osob); and iii. the tax on immovable property (dan z nemovitosti); (hereinafter referred to as "Czech tax"). iv. 4. The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Assessment of Sustainable Energy Development in the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Slovakia ▪ Štreimikienė Dalia, Mikalauskienė Asta, Mikalauskas Ignas
    Comparative Assessment of Sustainable Energy Development in the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Slovakia ▪ Štreimikienė Dalia, Mikalauskienė Asta, Mikalauskas Ignas Abstract Sustainable energy development and its evaluation is a key resource in learning and understand- ing the policies implemented by the European Commission and how they work while comparing countries within sustainable energy indicators in the area of sustainable energy. The competitive- ness of countries is directly related to the progress achieved in implementing sustainable energy development as the energy sector has great significance for the future development of the coun- try. The energy sector is crucial for economic growth and has a major impact on the environ- ment. Sustainable energy development permits the decoupling of economic growth from energy consumption and the decoupling of energy consumption from atmospheric pollution. This pa- per views the concept of sustainable energy development and policies that are in place of this topic. It also compares the Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Slovakia within the boundaries of the following sustainable energy development indicators: sustainable consumption and production, marking the production of energy; climate change and energy, marking GHG emissions and the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption; sustainable transport, marking the energy consumption of transport relative to GDP. Keywords: Czech Republic, Lithuania and Slovakia, sustainable energ y development, comparative assessment. JEL Classification: F68, N74, Q56. 1. INTRODUCTION Sustainability was a major topic in the 20th century; it developed as a result of vast resources be- ing used during the Industrial Revolution without any consideration about the future, as well as a fast-growing population and its challenges and demands, which will rise over time.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Youth Activism in Matica Slovenská
    65 ETHNOLOGIA ACTUALIS Vol. 15, No. 1/2015 MARTIN PRIE ČKO Between Patriotism and Far-Right Extremism: A Case of Youth Activism in Matica slovenská Between Patriotism and Far-Right Extremism: A Case of Youth Activism in Matica slovenská MARTIN PRIE ČKO Department of Ethnology and World Studies, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava [email protected] ABSTRACT This case study discusses a youth branch of Matica slovenská, a pro-Slovak culture organization. It is based on in-depth research of the structure of the organization and it focuses on basic characteristics of functioning of this social movement such as funding, membership base, political orientation, civic engagement, patriotic activities and also the causes of negative media presentation. Presented material pointed to a thin boundary between the perception of positive manifestations of patriotism and at the same time negative (even extremist) connotations of such manifestations in Slovak society. This duplicate perception of patriotic activities is reflected not only in polarization of opinion in society but also on the level of political, media and public communication. Thus, the article is a small probe from the scene of youth activism with an ambition to point out to such a diverse perception of patriotic organizations/activities in present-day Slovak society. KEY WORDS : Matica slovenská, youth, activism, state-supported organisation, patriotism, Far-Right Introduction Young Matica (MM – Mladá Matica) represents a subsidiary branch of Slovak Matica (MS – Matica slovenská), which is a traditional cultural and enlightenment organisation with DOI: 10.1515/eas-2015-0009 © University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava.
    [Show full text]
  • International Migration in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the Outlook for East Central Europe
    International Migration in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the Outlook for East Central Europe DUŠAN DRBOHLAV* Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague Abstract: The contribution is devoted to the international migration issue in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (Czechoslovakia). Besides the contemporary trends, the international migration situation is briefly traced back to the communist era. The probable future scenario of international migration development - based especially on migration patterns that Western Europe has experienced - is also sketched, whilst mainly economic, social, political, demographic, psychological and geographical aspects are mentioned. Respecting a logical broader geopolitical and regional context, Poland and Hungary are also partly dealt with. Statistics are accompanied by some explanations, in order to see the various „faces“ of international migration (emigration versus immigration) as well as the different types of migration movements namely illegal/clandestine, legal guest-workers, political refugees and asylum seekers. Czech Sociological Review, 1994, Vol. 2 (No. 1: 89-106) 1. Introduction The aim of the first part of this contribution is to describe and explain recent as well as contemporary international migration patterns in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (and the former Czechoslovakia). The second part is devoted to sketching a possible future scenario of international migration development. In order to tackle this issue Poland and Hungary have also been taken into account. In spite of the general importance of theoretical concepts and frameworks of international migration (i.e. economic theoretical and historical-structural perspectives, psychosocial theories and systems and geographical approaches) the limited space at our disposal necessitates reference to other works that devote special attention to the problem of discussing theories1 [see e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Development Cooperation in Bosnia and Herzegovina Icons Icons 48
    CZECH DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ICONS ICONS 48 17 ICONS: COLOUR VERSION ICONS 48 ICONS NO ZERO GOOD HEALTH QUALITY GENDER CLEAN WATER POVERTY HUNGER AND WELL-BEING EDUCATION EQUALITY AND SANITATION CZECH DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 17 ICONS: COLOUR VERSION NO ZEROAFFORDABLE AND GOODDECENT HEALTH WORK AND QUALITYINDUSTRY, INNOVATION GENDERREDUCED CLEANSUSTAINABLE WATER CITIES RESPONSIBLE POVERTY HUNGERCLEAN ENERGY ANDECONOMIC WELL-BEING GROWTH EDUCATIONAND INFRASTRUCTURE EQUALITYINEQUALITIES ANDAND SANITATION COMMUNITIES CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the Czech Republic’s Thematic priorities and SDGs: Sustainable development goals most important development cooperation partners. AFFORDABLE AND DECENTCLIMATE WORK AND INDUSTRY,LIFE INNOVATION REDUCEDLIFE SUSTAINABLEPEACE, JUSTICE CITIES RESPONSIBLEPARTNERSHIPS Over the past 20 years, the nature of cooperation has CLEAN ENERGY ECONOMICACTION GROWTH AND INFRASTRUCTUREBELOW WATER INEQUALITIESON LAND ANDAND COMMUNITIES STRONG CONSUMPTIONFOR THE GOALS evolved from humanitarian assistance from the Czech INSTITUTIONS AND PRODUCTION Republic through post-war reconstruction to the current scheme to support the stability and successful ICONS 48 ICONS 48 integrationICONS of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the CLIMATE LIFE LIFE PEACE, JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS EconomicACTION When an icongrowth is onBELOW a square, WATER thatwith square mustONemphasis LAND be proportional 1 x 1. ANDon STRONG energyFOR THEfrom GOALS ICONS INSTITUTIONS European
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Republic
    National Action Plan for Business and Human Rights 2017-2022 CZECH REPUBLIC 1 Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights ....................................................................... 5 National Action Plan – production and objectives .............................................................................. 6 Corporate interest ............................................................................................................................... 7 Plan format and choice of themes ...................................................................................................... 7 Existing plans, initiatives and strategies .............................................................................................. 8 Pillar I – state duty to protect human rights ........................................................................................... 9 Publication and dissemination of existing documents, education and awareness-raising................. 9 Criminal liability of legal persons in the field of human rights .......................................................... 11 Disqualification of a member of a body ............................................................................................ 13 Protection of social service clients ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]