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The Eyes Have It! Update on Common Conditions Affecting the Eye

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The Eyes Have It! Update on Common Conditions Affecting the Eye Pharmacy Tech Topics™ VOLUME 22 NO. 2 | APRIL 2017 The Eyes Have It! Update on Common Conditions Affecting the Eye AUTHORS: Steven R. Abel, BS Pharm, PharmD, FASHP Kirk Evoy, PharmD, BCACP, BC-ADM, TTS PEER REVIEWERS: Sami Labib, RPh Rita Edwards, CPhT EDITOR: Patricia M. Wegner, BS Pharm, PharmD, FASHP DESIGN EDITOR: Leann Nelson Pharmacy Tech Topics™ (USPS No. 014-766) is published quarterly for $50 per year by the Illinois Council of Health-System Pharmacists, 4055 N. Perryville Road, Loves Park, IL 61111-8653. Phone 815-227-9292. Periodicals Postage Paid at Rockford, IL and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: Pharmacy Tech Topics™, c/o ICHP, 4055 N. Perryville Road, Loves Park, IL 61111-8653 COPYRIGHT ©2017 by the Illinois Council of Health-System Pharmacists unless otherwise noted. All rights reserved. Pharmacy Tech Topics™ is a trademark of the Illinois Council of Health-System Pharmacists. This module is accredited for 2.5 contact hours of continuing pharmacy education and is recognized by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB). Cover image property of ©2017 Adobe Stock. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this module, the subscriber will be able to: 1. Identify the parts of the eye and the function of each part. 2. Summarize various eye disorders including ocular hypertension, glaucoma, infections, dry eyes, conjunctivitis, age-related macular degeneration, macular edema following retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic macular edema. 3. Discuss brand/generic substitutions, possible side effects, and proper administration of ophthalmic medications. 4. Describe the roles of various ophthalmic agents including those used to treat the following conditions: ocular hypertension, glaucoma, infections, dry eyes, conjunctivitis, age-related macular degeneration, macular edema following retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic macular edema. 5. Classify the available over-the-counter medications available to treat ocular disorders. ACCREDITATION Pharmacy Tech Topics™ modules are accredited for Continuing Pharmacy Education (CPE) by the Illinois Council of Health-System Pharmacists. The Illinois Council of Health- System Pharmacists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education. The intended audience is pharmacy technicians. This module will provide 2.5 contact hours of continuing pharmacy education credit for pharmacy technicians. ACPE Universal Activity Number: 0121-0000-17-002-H01-T | Type of Activity: Knowledge-based Release Date: 04/01/17 | Expiration Date: 4/1/2020 (Must be completed by 3/31/2020 at 11:59PM CT) PHARMACY TECH TOPICSTM — APRIL 2017 Meet the Authors Steven R. Abel, Kirk Evoy, BS Pharm, PharmD, FASHP PharmD, BCACP, BC-ADM, TTS Steve Abel is Associate Provost for Engagement, Kirk E. Evoy is a Clinical Assistant Professor in Purdue University. Prior to his appointment the Pharmacotherapy Division of the College he served as Associate Vice President for of Pharmacy at The University of Texas at Engagement, Associate Vice Provost for Faculty Austin, as well as an Adjoint Assistant Professor Affairs, Purdue University and held various in the School of Medicine at the University of positions within the Purdue University College Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. In of Pharmacy including Assistant/Associate Dean for Clinical addition to his teaching and research responsibilities within the Programs, Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Bucke college, Dr. Evoy is also responsible for developing new clinical Professor of Pharmacy Practic. Dr. Abel received his B.S. (Pharmacy) pharmacy services and caring for patients as an ambulatory care and PharmD degrees from Purdue University and completed pharmacist within the University Health System in San Antonio. residency training at Mayo Medical Center. He completed an Dr. Evoy completed his Pre-pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy Academic Leadership Fellowship through the Committee on coursework at Purdue University. Upon completion of pharmacy Institutional Cooperation and an inaugural Purdue University school, he went on to complete a PGY1 Pharmacy Practice Provost fellowship focused on faculty affairs. Steve is passionate Residency at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics about student education, faculty/leadership development, in Madison, Wisconsin followed by a PGY2 Ambulatory Care mentorship and community engagement. His research focuses on Residency at Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center in Mishawaka, the development, implementation and evaluation of progressive Indiana where he served as Chief Pharmacy Resident. In addition pharmacy services, student enhancement of pharmacy practice, to his residency training, Dr. Evoy completed two teaching patient safety and interprofessional collaborative strategies to certificate programs and a Certificate of Added Training in Global improve the medication use process in any setting. Throughout Health, and has earned Board Certification as an Ambulatory his career, Dr. Abel has been an advocate for the advancement of Care Pharmacist (BCACP), Advanced Diabetes Manager (BC- post-PharmD training in Indiana. Since 1980 he has facilitated ADM), and Tobacco Treatment Specialist (TTS). the growth of postgraduate training opportunities (residencies fellowships) from one position to over 70. He is a strong advocate Dr. Evoy’s clinical practice largely consists of diabetes management, for partnerships supporting engagement, education and discovery smoking cessation, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. His research throughout the State of Indiana. Dr. Abel has a history of active interests are diverse, but have focused on smoking cessation, service in several pharmacy organizations. prescription drug abuse and MRSA infections most recently. FACULTY DISCLOSURE. It is the policy of the Illinois Council of Health-System Pharmacists (ICHP) to ensure balance and ob- jectivity in all its individually or jointly presented continuing pharmacy education programs. All faculty participating in any ICHP continuing pharmacy education programs are expected to disclose any real or apparent conflict(s) of interest that may have any bearing on the subject matter of the continuing pharmacy education program. Disclosure pertains to relationships with any pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or other corporations whose products or services are related to the subject matter of the topic. The intent of disclosure is not to prevent the use of faculty with a potential conflict of interest from authoring a publication but to let the readers know about the relationship prior to participation in the continuing pharmacy education activity. It is intended to identify financial interests and affiliations so that, with full disclosure of the facts, the readers may form their own judgments about the content of the learning activity. The author’s submission has been peer reviewed with consideration and knowledge of these potential conflicts and it has been found to be balanced and objective. The author has no real or apparent conflict(s) of interest that may have any bearing on the subject matter of this continuing pharmacy education program. NOTICE: Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The author and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide informa- tion that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publica- tion of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this mod- ule is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Always refer to changes in federal law and any applicable state laws. Pharmacy Tech Topics™ Steering Committee* Laura Acevedo, PharmD Sandra Durley, PharmD Jan Keresztes, PharmD, RPh Patricia Wegner, BS Pharm, Margaret DiMarco Allen, PhD Ana Fernandez, CPhT Scott Meyers, RPh, MS, PharmD, FASHP Amanda D. Daniels, BS, CPhT Clara Gary, CPhT FASHP Jo Haley Elina Pierce, CPhT *Acting committee for 2015, responsible for selecting 2017 module topics. 2 The Eyes Have It! Update on Common Conditions Affecting the Eye The Eyes Have It! Update on Common Conditions Affecting the Eye Introduction and Anatomy of Figure 2. Parts of the Eye the Eye The eye is a small, yet complex organ.1 Approximately 1-inch wide, the eyeball is housed within a socket, a hollow area formed by two bones that are lined with fat.1 This socket serves to protect the eyeball. Six muscles allow the eyeball to move.1 The term ocular refers to something relating to the eyes, so these are known as ocular muscles. Figure 1 provides
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