OF FINNISH EDUCATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Report 2004:1
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Evaluation of-kansi- 19.3.2004 13:29 Page 1 C M EVALUATION OF FINNISH EDUCATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Report 2004:1 SECTOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION OF FINNISH EDUCATION EVALUATION EVALUATION OF FINNISH EDUCATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION EVALUATION REPORT • MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF FINLAND • DEPARTMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT POLICY Composite 2. kansi 18.3.2004 09:40 Sivu 2 REPORT 2003:3 Label Us Able – A Pro-active evaluation of Finnish development co-operation from the disability perspective ISBN 951-724-425-8, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2003:2 Evaluation of Finnish Forest Sector Development Co-operation PART 2 ISBN 951-724-416-9 ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2003:2 Evaluation of Finnish Forest Sector Development Co-operation PART 1 ISBN 951-724-407-X, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2003:1 Evaluation of the Finnish Concessional Credit Scheme ISBN 951-724-400-2, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:9 Evaluation of the Development Cooperation Activities of Finnish NGOs in Kenya ISBN 951-724-392-8, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:8 Synthesis Study of Eight Country Programme Evaluations ISBN 951-724-386-3, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:7 Review of Finnish Training in Chemical Weapons Verification ISBN 951-724-378-2, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:6 Evaluation of Framework NGOs in Finland ISBN 951-724-376-6, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:5 Evaluation of the Bilateral Development Co-operation Programme between Kenya and Finland ISBN 951-724-373-1, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:4 Evaluation of Bilateral Development Co-operation between Nicaragua and Finland ISBN 951-724-372-3, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:3 Evaluation of the Bilateral Development Co-operation between Ethiopia and Finland ISBN 951-724-370-7, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:2 Evaluation of the Bilateral Development Cooperation between Mozambique and Finland ISBN 951-724-367-7, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2002:1 Evaluation of the Development Cooperation Programme between Nepal and Finland ISBN 951-724-368-5, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:9 Evaluation of the Bilateral Development Co-operation between Finland and Zambia ISBN 951-724-365-0, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:8 Evaluation of the Bilateral Development Co-operation between Vietnam and Finland ISBN 951-724-361-8, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:7 Evaluation of Diesel Power Plants in Four Countries: Tanzania ISBN 951-724-356-1, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:6 Evaluation of Diesel Power Plants in Four Countries: Peru ISBN 951-724-355-3, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:5 Evaluation of Diesel Power Plants in Four Countries: Nepal ISBN 951-724-354-5, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:4 Evaluation of Diesel Power Plants in Four Countries: Indonesia ISBN 951-724-353-7, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:3 Evaluation of Diesel Power Plants in Four Countries: Summary ISBN 951-724-352-9, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:2 Evaluation of the Development Co-operation Programme between Egypt and Finland ISBN 951-724-344-8, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2001:1 Finland´s Support to Water Supply and Sanitation 1968-2000. Evaluation of Sector Performance ISBN 951-724-343-X, ISSN 1235-7618 REPORT 2004:1 Evaluation of Finnish Education Sector Development Cooperation ISBN: 951-724-440-1, ISSN: 1235-7618, Cover Picture: Jorma Koponen Printing house: Hakapaino Oy, Helsinki 2004 EVALUATION OF FINNISH EDUCATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Richard Sack Michael Cross Jeanne Moulton This evaluation report has been funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. The Consultant bears sole responsibility for the contents of the report. The report does not necessarily reflect the views of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Helsinki, Finland 2004 CONTENTS Tables and figures . ii Acronyms and Abbreviations . iii Evaluation Team . v Executive Summary . vi I. SETTING THE SCENE: Resources for Finnish Development Cooperation in the Education Sector . 1 Policies . 1 Financial resources for education development cooperation . 2 Institutional and human resources for education development cooperation. 5 II. FINLAND’S EDUCATION SECTOR COOPERATION IN PRACTICE . 6 III. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY . 8 IV. EVALUATION RESULTS: Findings, Analysis and Recommendations . 12 Policies, practices and contributions of Finnish development cooperation for education . 12 Policies, with special attention to the question of program and sector-wide approaches . 12 Assets, liabilities and comparative advantages . 15 Does MFA need a policy statement for education? . 18 Relevance, impact and sustainability . 20 Relevance . 20 Impact and sustainability . 22 Ownership . 25 Management and coordination . 27 MFA responsiveness and adaptability . 30 About NGOs . 31 V. CONCLUSIONS . 32 REFERENCES . 38 Annex 1. Education projects funded by MFA: 1990–2003 . 47 Annex 2. Terms of Reference for the education sector evaluation . 48 Annex 3. Persons Interviewed . 61 Annex 4. Country case studies . 66 Bosnia-Herzegovina. 66 Summary and recommendations . 77 Evaluation of Finnish Education Sector Development Cooperation iii Mozambique . 82 Main findings and recommendations from the case study. 96 Nepal . 99 Summary and recommendations . 109 South Africa . 112 Zambia . 135 Annex 5. PowerPoint presentation . 158 Tables and figures Table 1. Amount of Finland’s bilateral education development cooperation and its share of total development cooperation, compared to amount for agriculture, forestry and fishing: 1991–2001 . 3 Figure 1. Development cooperation commitments 1991–2001: Education & Agriculture/forestry/fishing compared . 5 Table 2. Development assistance to education for selected countries, 1997–2001: Finland compared to all DAC “donors” . 4 Table 3. Overview of education projects by their components, implementation modalities and goals . 7 Figure 2. Logic of the Evaluation . 10 Table 4. Evaluation topics and questions . 11 Table 5. Opinions regarding need for an MFA policy statement for education . 18 Table 6. Impact/sustainability of project components in five case-study countries . 24 Table 7. Ownership in the case study countries . 26 Table 8. Management and coordination issues in the five case study countries . 28 Table 9. Summary of Recommendations . 35 iv Evaluation of Finnish Education Sector Development Cooperation ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAU African Association of Universities ACE Advanced Certificate in Education (South Africa) ADB Asian Development Bank AfDB African Development Bank ADEA Association for the Development of Education in Africa B Ed Bachelors of Education (South African diploma) BESSIP Basic Education Sector Support Investment Programme (Zambia) BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina BPEP Basic and Education Primary Education Program (Nepal) CDC Curriculum Development Centre (Nepal) CIDA Canadian International Development Agency DAC Development Assistance Committee Danida Danish International Development Agency DDE DistrictDirectorate of Education (Mozambique) DfID Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DOE Department of Education (Nepal, South Africa) DPE Provincial Directorate of Education (Mozambique) EC European Commission ECD Early Childhood Development EHCAA Evelyn Hone College for Applied Arts (Zambia) EFA Education for All ESSP Education Sector Strategic Plan (Mozambique) ESSP Education Sector Support Project (Zambia) EU European Union FAWE Forum of African Women Educationalists FACS Foreign Aid Coordination Section (Nepal) FET Further Education and Training (South Africa) FRELIMO Mozambique Liberation Front GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia HCG Helsinki Consulting Group IAB Boane Agricultural Institute (Mozambique) IAC Chimoio Agricultural Institute (Mozambique) IAP In Service Training Institute for Primary Education Teachers (Mozambique) ICT Information Communication Technologies IDB Islamic Development Bank IIEP International Institute for Educational Planning INDE National Institute for Education Development (Mozambique) JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KEPA Kehitysyhteistyön Palvelukeskus / NGO Service Centre for Development Cooperation MDG Millennium Development Goals MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs NBE National Board of Education MINED Ministry of Education (Mozambique) MOE Ministry of Education MPF Ministry of Planning and Finance (Mozambique) NGO Non Governmental Organization NIHE National Institute for Higher Education (South Africa) Norad Norwegian International Development Agency Evaluation of Finnish Education Sector Development Cooperation v ODA Overseas Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OHR Office of the High Representative (Bosnia) OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (Bosnia) PAGE Programme for the Advancement of Girls’ Education (Zambia) PASE Education Sector Support Program (Mozambique) PISA Programme for International Student Assessment PTA Parent Teachers’ Association SADC Southern African Development Community SATIM Support to Agricultural Training in Mozambique Sida Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SCOPE South African – Finnish Cooperation Programme in the Education Sector SMS Shared Modernization Strategy (Bosnia) SWAp Sector-wide Approach SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats TA Technical assistance TEPD Teacher Education and Professional Development (Bosnia) TI Transparency International UNESCO United Nations Education Science and Culture Organisation UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children Fund UNZA University of Zambia USAID United States Agency for International Development ZAFOD Zambian Federation of Disabled People ZAMISE Zambia Institute