MIOX for Potable Water MIOX is On-Site Generation Technology

A direct replacement for and other biocide chemicals used in all types of water treatment.

MIOX Vault™ OSG system virtually eliminates maintenance Generating chemicals on site, on demand is safer, cost effective, and eco-friendly.

 Eliminates storage and transportation of hazardous chemicals.

 Dramatically improved safety; less liability.

 Lifecycle costs much lower than delivered chemicals.

 Inherently a “greener” approach with reduced carbon footprint.

Why MIOX?

NIPSCO Power Plant Safe… Saves Over 70% with MIOX $250,000

$200,000

$150,000 Conventional chemicals $100,000

$50,000 MIOX

$0 …saves money…

… is more effective! A History of Innovation

 MIOX Founded in 1994 to replace delivered chemical for disinfection

 1994 – 2005 – Early emphasis on public water systems – Listed by NSF International and U.S. EPA – Extensive government funded research – MSR MIOX Purifier developed

 MIOX today – A fast growing enterprise with proven technology and an established market base (1,700+ installed units) – Sales presence in 30+ countries – Over 16 U.S. patents MIOX® Technology Timeline

2008: Groundbreaking 2010: 2011: “Elfin RIO™ mid-sized OSG Revolutionary Platform” launched; modular cell small series self- available for design allows cleaning Vault™ 0.5-2 ppd unprecedented OSG launched flexibility

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

• 12 year history • Company • RIO™ • Added 3 New • New VP • Vault™ • “Elfin recapitalized Launched Experienced Industrial Launched Platform” • Technology new investor Sales Experts: Markets, Available for focused base • RIO Grande™ Bob Newton • “Elfin customization in Design • RIO Grande™ Platform” in • Existing • New CEO, Phase Launched • 1 New RSM Design Phase • Redesigned Product Line: Carlos Perea AE 4-8 ppd • P3 Unit • Mid Series Units • oX-Cell™ Available Small Series • New VP Discontinued Discontinued Launched Units: Engineering, • MIOX Today: (P3, AE4, SAL, Justin • Tier 2 Reps • Vault™ in Worldwide Hypo, Purifier Sanchez Replaced by Design Phase with over Pen) Tier 1 Partners 1,700 • New VP installations Mid Series Operations, Units: (MOS & Kyle Lee Hypo) • RIO™ in Design Phase

MIOX Today That’s 75 million people per day! Worldwide with over 1,700 installations Treatment capacity over 6 billion gallons per day Headquarters: Albuquerque, New Mexico Expert Technical Staff is Available to Help

 Susan Rivera, Ph.D., Manager – expert in OSG technology applications, experience with International Security, Science Policy, and Regulatory Affairs

 Wes Bradford. Ph.D., Chief Chemist – expert in water chemistry applications for potable water, waste water, and cooling towers, with over 16 years experience with mixed oxidant solution.

 Andrew Boal, Ph.D., Research Scientist. Expert in Chemistry with over 14 years of scientific research experience and over 50 publications in the scientific literature. What Our Customers Are Saying

“Reducing our treatment regimen from 3 INDUSTRIAL & different products down to a single mixed COMMERCIAL oxidant product (generated on site) has resulted in substantial treatment chemical and labor cost savings. We are pleased that we were able to find a top-notch company (MIOX) that actually produced an equally impressive product”

NIPSCO Power Plant

“Safety issues were our biggest motivator. We eliminated the need to manually transfer 55-gal barrels of chemicals (liquid ) each day, which creates a safer environment all around – it’s a win-win-win.”

Hyatt Regency Tamaya

MUNICIPAL & MILITARY “Maintenance costs and labor have been drastically reduced when compared to the gas chlorine feed system. The peace of mind from not having dangerous chlorine gas on- site was reason enough to switch to on-site generation.”

City of Cody, Wyoming Award-Winning Technology

 Top 10 Winner of The Artemis Project’s Top 50 Water Companies  Top 100 Winner of AlwaysOn GreenTech Award  Nominated for EPA’s Green Chemistry Award  President’s “E” Award for Excellence in Exporting  Popular Science’s Grand Award Winner  Nominated for US Commercial Services SBA Exporter of the Year  1 of 17 participants in Clean Energy Trade Mission  Department of the Navy Top 50 SBIR/STTR Success Stories

MIOX® Awarded Frost & Sullivan Product Line Strategy Award, 2010

Each year, Frost & Sullivan presents this award to the company that has developed a comprehensive product line that caters to the breadth of the market it serves. The award recognizes the extent to which the product line meets customer base demands and the overall impact it has in terms of customer value.

POTABLE WATER APPLICATIONS Mixed Oxidant Solution Benefits in Potable Water Applications include:

control  Enhanced residual  Improved oxidation  Microflocculation effect  Improved taste and odor  Superior disinfection  Reduced TTHMs

Mixed Oxidant Solution for Potable Water

 Surface water treatment plants ‒ Reduce alum or polymer consumption by microflocculation ‒ DBP issues ‒ Chlorine residual issues ‒ Final disinfection

 Water supply wells ‒ DBP issues ‒ Arsenic, Iron and Mn oxidation ‒ Chlorine residual issues ‒ Final disinfection Mixed Oxidant Solution Produced On-site is Safer Than Delivered Bleach

0 Mixed Oxidant (0.4% chlorine) – NFPA Rating Health = 1 1 0 Flammability = 0 Instability = 0

0 (11 - 15%) – NFPA Rating Health = 2 2 1 Flammability = 0 OX Instability = 1 Oxidizer Endorsed through Independent Analysis by Safety, LLC. Eco-friendly Technology

 80% reduction in carbon emissions from transport  3-to-1 storage footprint reduction  No cleaning or disposal of empty chemical containers

Delivering bulk bleach

Delivering salt for the same chlorine equivalent EFFECTIVE BIOFILM & ALGAE REMOVAL

 communities of encased within an extracellular polymeric slime (EPS) matrix living on surfaces.

 typically composed of many species of microorganisms, including fungi, algae, and .

 difficult to remove once initial adhesion occurs.

 found in aqueous environments and are often resistant to disinfection.

 shelter disease-causing microorganisms, such as Legionella, Listeria, and temperature resistant bacterial spores. Top Menu

Controlling Biofilms

A safe, user-friendly and viable method for controlling biofilms would have a significant impact on any industry that control bacterial populations such as food and beverage CIP, cooling towers, water distribution systems, and swimming pools.

Top Menu Unlike bleach, MIOX removes Pseudomonas putida biofilm including the EPS.

At 35 minutes: At 5:40 Unchecked biofilm growth Biofilm cells nearly undetectable

Why MIOX Mixed Oxidant Solution:

 Observed effects of MOS on removing biofilm are likely related to its ability to damage existing EPS

 The mechanism is not yet known

 MIOX scientists are working with 3rd party researchers to determine the mechanism

 We have observed the effects repeatedly in the field and in the lab

 Our current thinking is that the combination of oxidants work synergistically to break up and dislodge the EPS from the surface, thereby removing the biofilm

Top Menu

Before MIOX Before MIOX After MIOX After MIOX Mixed Oxidant Solution Studied by the CDC: Bleach vs. Mixed Oxidants inactivating Bacillus globigii (B.g.)

Bleach

MOS

0 min (untreated) 15 min 30 min 45 min 60 min

Bajszar, 2009; Validated in 3rd party studies at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Borescope Video Images Reveal Biofilm Removal at Ainono Hot Springs, Japan

BEFORE MIOX AFTER MIOX Filter recirculation pipe with sodium hypo Filter recirculation pipe 22 days after MOS Top Menu Field Evidence - MIOX Removes Biofilms from Distribution Systems

Left: Pipe treated with chlorine alone – a biofilm slime is visible; only 200 feet from disinfection station.

Right: Pipe treated with MIOX 0.5 miles from disinfection station Shibasaki Pool in Tachikawa City, Japan Visible difference in water clarity

Before MIOX

4-5 days after MIOX Mixed Oxidants Offer Significant Benefits Over Standard Sodium Hypochlorite

Solution Category Cost Benefit

Biofilm Removal Operations Longer Media Life Operations Increased Plant Efficiencies Operations Reduction of Chemicals Safer Chemicals Safety Reduced handling & storage hazards Health Reduction of Airborne Pathogens

Increased Efficiencies Maintenance Reduced Facility Maintenance

Reduced Logistics Operations Reduced Transportation Reduced Costs Operations Industry Leading Operating Efficiencies THE MICROFLOCCULATION EFECT MIOX & Microflocculation

 An emerging process option, gaining interest for a variety of applications

 MIOX is continuously investigating the use of Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) to induce microflocculation effect

 Microflocculation can improve performance and/or reduce cost

 Mixed oxidant solution-induced microflocculation may be right for your application

What is Microflocculation?

 A reduction in coagulant demand for the same final (settled water) turbidity

 OR a reduction in final turbidity at the same coagulant demand.

Benefits of MIOX MOS in Microflocculation

 Use of mixed oxidant solution in pretreatment can achieve lower settled turbidity levels and reductions of up to 40% in coagulant and polymer required.

 Customers report faster floc formation and improved settling due to the quality of the formed floc.

 Controlled dosing facilitates microflocculation while leaving a residual for filter (UF, MF) cleaning and maintenance.

 Disinfection by-product (DBP) formation can also be reduced due to increased removal of NOM during flocculation.

MIOX Customers Report:

 Larger floc that forms more rapidly, even at colder temperatures

 Heavier floc conducive to good settling compared to and chlorine in pre-treatment

 Increased filter run times, fewer filter CIP cycles

 Formation of a vortex around the rotating paddle

 High degree of clarity in both the supernatant and the water between the floc particles

 Very low turbidity of the supernatant (typically < 0.1 NTU) Microflocculation Effect Can be Predicted

Microflocculation May Occur When • Ca2+ + Mg2+ (as Ca) ÷ Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) ≥ 10 • Turbidity ÷ DOC − > 0.5 NTU/mg C/L if ≥ 2 NTU − > 1.3 NTU/mg C/L if = 2-10 NTU − > 2 NTU/mg C/L if > 10 NTU

Source: Becker and O’Melia (1996)

Filter Applications Demonstrate Improved Maintenance

 Santa Fe, NM – filter runs extended 50% with less water required

 KOA Kampground, MT– cleaning extended from 2-3 days to 3-4 weeks

 Las Vegas, NM – backwash cycle doubled from 48 to 96 hours

 Hazlet, Saskatchewan – backwash extended from 2X per week to once per week, with cleaning time reduced from 30 minutes to 15 minutes

 Tachikawa pool – cleaning needs have dropped by 2/3, and sand filters at the end of their life were totally renewed with several more years expected MIOX Solutions: McAllen, Texas

 Water obtained from Rio Grande, plant capacity is 8.2 MGD

 Microflocculation jar tests were conducted here and three other regional SWTPs in early 2009

 All plants showed evidence that MOS could be used to induce microflocculation

MIOX Solutions: McAllen, Texas Jar tests successfully demonstrated the Mixed Oxidant-induced microflocculation effect.

Jar Aqualum ClO2 MOS Settled pH Floc Size Number dose (mg/L) dose dose Turbidity (ppm) (mL) (NTU) 1 70 0.0 0.0 1.05 7.4 Pin point 2 65 1.4 0.0 0.93 7.5 Pin point/pin head 3 60 0.0 0.25 0.64 7.6 Pin head/snowflake MIOX Solutions: McAllen, Texas Floc from the Mixed Oxidant Solution + Aqualum test was larger and settled faster.

Aqualum only ClO2 + Mixed Oxidant Solution + Aqualum Aqualum when usedwithMixed Oxidant Turbiditywas reduced usingless MIOX Solutions:

Turbidity (NTU) 0.5 1.5 2.5 0 1 2 3 Harlingen, TX MOS Microflocculation Jar TestJar Microflocculation TX MOS Harlingen, 35 40 45 50 55 60 55 50 45 40 35

Aqualum Dose (ppm)Dose Aqualum McAllen, Texas

Solution Aqualum

MOS/aqualum aqualum

MIOX Solutions: Dekalb-Jackson Water Authority, AL Background

 Plant operators were interested in improving the flocculation and sedimentation steps due to excessive filter backwashing and clean-in-place (CIP) procedures required for MF membranes

 Treatment consisted of floc formation, tube settlers and final filtration with MF MIOX Solutions: Dekalb-Jackson Water Authority, AL Solution

 MIOX Vault™ 30 ppd FAC mixed oxidant solution system induced improved microflocculation prior to tube settlers

MF Tube Bank 1 Surface Microflocculation & Floc Formation Settler 2 Water Tube 16 Settler 1 Bank 2 modules per bank Bank 3 Distribution Clear System Well Bank 4 MIOX Solutions: Dekalb-Jackson Water Authority, AL Pilot Test Results

 Microflocculation effect due to MOS has halved settled turbidity values

 Filter run times have increased by 15 minutes

 CIP required 1x every 2 weeks, rather than once every 2 days

Before MOS After MOS

Settled Turbidity Average >1.0 ntu 0.6 ntu Settled Turbidity Highs >3.0 ntu 1.5 ntu Filter Run Times – Standard Backwash 45 min >60 min with filtered water Clean-in-Place 2 days >14 days MIOX Solutions: Dekalb-Jackson Water Authority, AL Performance Comparison

Performance Comparison in Tube Settler Trains - Two High Turbidity Events

6

5

4 Settler 1 - No MOS Settler 1 - MOS 3 Settler 2 - No MOS

2 Settler 2 - MOS Turbidity (ntu) Turbidity

1

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Day of the High Turbidity Event Determining Microflocculation Effect Online Calculator MIOX® PROJECT PROFILES: Potable Water Applications West Columbia, South Carolina: Biofilm removal in municipal application

 Gradual reduction in biofilms in the clearwells and distribution

 Chlorine residual stability allowed lower mixed oxidant solution dosing at the plant

 TTHM and HAA5 concentrations steadily declined

 Conversion from chloramination using chlorine gas and anhydrous ammonia (gas) to FAC as MOS resulted in improved plant safety and chemical cost savings

Westerly, Rhode Island Water System Successful biofilm control for potable water

 C&E engineering lead evaluation for conversion from chlorine gas

 Installed 6 MIOX systems at 2 plants

 Better residual maintenance throughout distribution, including biofilm control

 Studies indicate improved control over liquid bleach

"We have found the MIOX system to meet our high safety requirements, plus there are reduced maintenance costs.” - Chris Duhamel, PE Prestonburg, Kentucky Improved Safety and Reduced TTHMs

 Operators now transport only salt, eliminating handling of hazardous materials and associated safety regulations.

 TTHMs in ’06 were reduced 34% on average, with all ’06 readings in compliance.

 Pretreatment dose has been reduced 40% to 50% while maintaining the same or higher residual in distribution.

 Average operating cost of $0.37 per pound of chlorine equivalent, with no associated safety costs. Jurupa, California: Minimal maintenance saves time and money

 HYPO-20 generator installed in 2003 with purchase of HYPO-10 and HYPO- 40 in 2004  No calibrating of brine pump is required, saving hours of weekly maintenance  Only a small volume of acid is used during acid wash procedure, with no disposal required  Acid washing is easily completed by operators and does not require MIOX service personnel at the site  Cell purges on system shutdown, eliminating build-up of brine  Total maintenance required is only 1/3 that required with competitor’s system Sangre de Cristo Water Co., Santa Fe, NM: Operating Costs Significantly Reduced

 Installed 20 systems at 3 plant sites and 13 satellite systems  Converted from gas chlorination  Combination of surface water and well sources  Operating costs cut 34%  Complaints about taste and odor dropped to 1 – 2% of original numbers

 Gary P. Martinez - Water Division Director - (505) 955-4202 Apple Valley, California

 Multiple well sites .35 - 2.7 MGD

 Total costs reduced 12%

 40% reduction in FAC dose. With bleach, 0.8 mg/L dose required boosting with 0.2 mg/L for residual maintenance. With MIOX, dose was reduced to 0.6 mg/L with no boosting.

 Residual lasts 3 times longer in remote storage tank (15 days instead of 5 days)

 Improved safety “MIOX holds a lot longer in that zone than sodium hypochlorite -- that’s  Taste complaints eliminated where we noticed it.” Scott Weldy Superintendent

Viejas, California: Receives Award for Water System

 Cal-Nevada Section of the AWWA awarded Viejas the Small Utilities Award in 2008

 Award presented for the accomplishments the reservation’s small utilities water system has had on its community.

 Small system serving <10,000

 Water system comprised of 3 potable water and 3 reclaimed water storage tanks, 9 wells, and a wastewater treatment plant totaling 40 miles of water and sewer piping. SCADA monitoring. “This award reflects Viejas Tribal Government’s commitment to being an industry leader..” Jim Reed, Public Works Director

Fonda, Iowa Above the MCL of 1mg/ L of nitrite with need to prevent nitrate formation

 Mixed oxidants achieved breakpoint at a dose that was half that required using bleach  Breakpoint was substantially complete at a chlorine to ammonia-nitrogen dose ratio of 8.4:1, even without accounting for oxidant demand from other substances in the raw water. (The practical range is 8-10:1, if only NH3-N is considered)

Pilot Plant Results - Filter A (control) and Filter B (oxidant) running in parallel Filter A: Filter B: No Chemical Feed Mixed-Oxidant Feed (25.2 mg/L FAC) Ammonia In 3.0 3.0 Nitrite In < 0.1 0.04 Ammonia Out 1.7 0.2 Nitrite Out 2.84 < 0.1

52 North Table Mountain, Colorado

 Safety - no RMP, HAZMAT issues, or liability concerns

 Chlorine Dose - reduced by 33%

 Chlorine Odor - no longer detectable in taps at the plant

 Maintenance - no increase from chlorine gas; spend only 10-15 minutes per week

 Lime Use - reduced 50% since pH of mixed-oxidant solution is near neutral

 TTHMs - reduced 44% (now 23 µg/L)

 HAAs - reduced 44% (now 16 µg/L)

53 MIOX® PRODUCT LINE Award-Winning Product Line

 Purifier Pen 2003 - “Best of What’s New” Popular Science.

 New team in 2005 – developed new line of products

 RIO groundbreaking design – ergonomic, more efficient

 Vault – game-changer, virtually maintenance free

 New smaller unit in development…. New! Small Capacity Unit 0.5 – 2 lbs FAC/day New! Small Capacity Unit 0.5 – 2 lbs FAC/day

Ideal for:  Inhospitable industrial locations  Remote rural water applications  High theft risk locations  High accuracy dosing  Highly integrated control telemetry

Features:  Entire system maintenance reduced to 2-3 hours every six months.  1 hour – filter clean/replacements

 1-2 hours – load brine tanks Top Menu  No water softening, oxidant tank, or injection required. Custom enclosure based on customer input. For example:

HDPE Enclosed Unit for Wall/Skid Mounting

Stainless Steel Unit for Table/Floor Mounting in Corrosive Environments

Epoxy Coated Aluminum Unit for Desk/Floor Mounting MIOX AE Series: 4-8 lbs/day FAC

 On-site generation: safer and more effective than bulk bleach  Compact, simplified automatic unit  Ideal for treatment, aquatic facilities and smaller or remote community drinking water  Plug and play operation  Wall-or skid-mounted  Only routine operator service requirements are to load salt into the brine generator The Vault™ Small Series: 12-100 lbs/day FAC

 Revolutionary self-cleaning system

 Self- adjusting flow control

 Over 40% improved salt and energy efficiencies

 Low lifecycle cost

 Easy-to-upgrade cell to convert from sodium hypochlorite to advanced mixed oxidant solution

 Expandable capacity

 Air-cooled power supply

 Touch screen Vault™ Hypo FAC Capacity: 20-100 lbs/day

Vault™ Mixed Oxidant FAC Capacity: 12-60 lbs/day

RIO™ Mid-sized Series: 60-500 lbs/day FAC

 Highly efficient cell design − Low current density for maximum coating life − Optimized internal geometry to minimize susceptibility for contaminant clogging  Ultimate flexibility: up to 5x expanded production capacity without increasing the system footprint  Fully enclosed in corrosion-resistant HDPE cabinets, protecting both the operator and the equipment  Allen Bradley MicroLogix 1200 controls.  Variable speed brine pumps require no calibration  Small cell volume requires minimal acid to remove calcium carbonate build-up RIO Hypo  Easily convert between sodium hypochlorite FAC Capacity: 100 to 500 PPD and advanced mixed oxidant solution with

RIO Mixed Oxidant simple internal changes FAC Capacity: 60 to 300 PPD

RIO Grande™ Large Series: >1,000 lbs/day FAC

 Flows of 50 MGD+  Superior cell design offers better salt and power efficiencies, reduced maintenance, and maximum flexibility.  “Wash-in-place" cell system minimizes cell maintenance  The electrolytic cell, power supply, and system controls are fully enclosed in a metal frame  Unit operates with Allen Bradley MicroLogix 1200 controls  Switching from a hypochlorite generator to a mixed oxidant generator is easy by simply changing out the cells RG Hypo FAC Capacity: >1,500 lbs/day

RG Mixed Oxidant FAC Capacity: >1,000 lbs/day 1-888-MIOX H2O (1-888-646-9426) www.miox.com