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Rp2400v40revis10box358336 MEF Public Disclosure Authorized REPOBLIKAN ‘ I MADAGASIKARA Tanindrazana-Fahafahana-Fandrosoana ---------------------- MINISTERE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DES FORETS ------------------ PROGRAMME ENVIRONNEMENTAL III ------------------ Public Disclosure Authorized MADAGASCAR NATIONAL PARKS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PLAN DE SAUVEGARDE SOCIALE ET ENVIRONNEMENTALE DE L’AIRE PROTEGEE LOKOBE Juin 2010 1 PSSE‐AIRE PROTEGEE LOKOBE SOMMAIRE 2 LISTE DES TABLEAUX .................................................................................................................................................................. i LISTE DES CARTES ...................................................................................................................................................................... iv LISTE DES FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................................... iv LISTE DES ILLUSTRATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... iv LISTE DES ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................................................... iv ACRONYMES ET SIGLES .............................................................................................................................................................. v GLOSSAIRE ................................................................................................................................................................................ vii FAMINTINANA ............................................................................................................................................................................ x RESUME EXECUTIF ................................................................................................................................................................... xx EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................................... xxxi 1. INTRODUCTION: OBJECTIFS DU PLAN DE SAUVEGARDE ............................................................. 1 2. DÉMARCHE ET MÉTHODOLOGIE DU PSSE ................................................................................... 4 2.1 Orientations, encadrements et approches ........................................................................................4 2.2 Processus et étapes d’extension et de changement de statut de l’AP ...............................................5 2.2.1 Phase technique .................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2 Phase administrative ........................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Le cadre institutionnel et juridique ..................................................................................................7 2.3.1 Cadre institutionnel ............................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3.2 Cadre législatif et reglementaire du projet ......................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Méthodologie de la consultation publique et les mécanismes participatifs .................................... 10 2.4.1 Organisation de la consultation ........................................................................................................................ 10 2.4.1.1 Consultation publique lors de l’extension de l’AP .................................................................................... 10 2.4.1.2 Consultation publique pour le PSSE ......................................................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Mécanismes participatifs .................................................................................................................................. 13 2.5 Démarche méthodologique pour l’identification et la catégorisation des PAPS .............................. 13 2.5.1 Préparation et échantillonnage ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.5.2 Méthode MARP ................................................................................................................................................. 14 2.5.3 Catégorisation des PAPs .................................................................................................................................... 15 2.6 Principes et méthodes d’évaluation des impacts ............................................................................ 17 2.6.1 Méthodologie de l’étude d’impact environnemental ....................................................................................... 17 2.6.2 Critères d’évaluation des impacts ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.6.3 Méthode d’analyse des impacts des restrictions .............................................................................................. 18 2.6.4 Méthode de calcul des pertes ........................................................................................................................... 19 3. DESCRIPTION DU PROJET, SON CONTEXTE ET DE SON MILIEU D’INSERTION ............................. 20 3.1 Description du projet ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Description du contexte et du milieu d’insertion du projet ............................................................. 21 3.2.1 Contexte administratif, technique, financier et institutionnel .......................................................................... 21 3.2.1.1 Contexte administratif .............................................................................................................................. 21 3.2.1.2 Contexte financier et institutionnel.......................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Contexte socio‐économique et environnemental............................................................................................. 25 PSSE‐AIRE PROTEGEE LOKOBE 3.2.3 Milieu d’insertion .............................................................................................................................................. 26 3.2.3.1 Milieu social .............................................................................................................................................. 26 3.2.3.2 Milieu économique ................................................................................................................................... 29 3.2.3.3 Milieu physique ........................................................................................................................................ 37 4. DESCRIPTION DE L’AIRE PROTÉGÉE ........................................................................................... 38 4.1 Milieu physique ............................................................................................................................. 38 4.2 Description générale des écosystèmes et importance biologique de l’AP ....................................... 38 4.2.1 Ecosystèmes terrestres ..................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2.1.1 Flore et végétation ................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2.1.2 Faune ........................................................................................................................................................ 39 4.2.2 Ecosystèmes marins .......................................................................................................................................... 42 4.2.3 Statut de Lokobe ............................................................................................................................................... 45 4.3 Description socio‐économique ....................................................................................................... 45 4.4 Description générale de chaque type de zonage dans l’Aire Protégée ............................................ 47 4.4.1 Noyau Dur ......................................................................................................................................................... 47 4.4.2 Zone tampon ..................................................................................................................................................... 48 4.4.3 Zones de service et zones administratives ........................................................................................................ 49 4.4.4 La Zone de Protection ....................................................................................................................................... 52 4.4.5 Zone Périphérique ............................................................................................................................................
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