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Sufi Rituals in Multan from the 19Th Century to Present: a Study of Mawlānā Sufi Rituals in Multan from the 19th century to Present : a Study of Mawlānā ‘Ubaydullāh Multānī’s (d. 1305/1888) Sharh Mufaṣṣal Qawl-i Faṣl fī al-Bay‘a wa al-Samā‘ and its Legacy Today Muhammad Touseef To cite this version: Muhammad Touseef. Sufi Rituals in Multan from the 19th century to Present : a Study ofMawlānā ‘Ubaydullāh Multānī’s (d. 1305/1888) Sharh Mufaṣṣal Qawl-i Faṣl fī al-Bay‘a wa al-Samā‘ and its Legacy Today. History. Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. English. NNT : 2020UPSLP006. tel-02930176 HAL Id: tel-02930176 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02930176 Submitted on 4 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Préparée à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études Les Rituels soufis à Multan du XIXe siècle à nos jours : une étude du Sharh Mufaṣṣal Qawl-i Faṣl fī al-Bay‘a wa al-Samāʿ de Maulānā ʿUbaydullāh Multānī (m.1305/1888) et son héritage aujourd'hui Sufi Rituals in Multan from the 19th century to Present: A Study of Mawlānā ‘Ubaydullāh Multānī’s (d. 1305/1888) Sharh Mufaṣṣal Qawl-i Faṣl fī al-Bay‘a wa al-Samā‘ and its Legacy Today Soutenue par Composition du jury : Muhammad TOUSEEF M. Alexandre, PAPAS Le 03 Février 2020 CNRS-Cetobac Président Mme. Eve FEUILLEBOIS-PIERUNEK HDR, CNRS-LEM Rapporteur École doctorale n° 472 Mme. Rachida CHIH HDR, CNRS - CETOBAC Rapporteur Religions et systèmes de pensée (RSP) M. Alexandre, PAPAS CNRS-Cetobac Codirecteur de thèse M. Thierry, ZARCONE Spécialité CNRS-GSRL Directeur de thèse Histoire des religions et anthropologie religieuse ED- EPHE Acknowledgements If I ever had to write another PhD thesis (I hope not!), I would prefer to do it under the kind supervision of Prof. Thierry Zarcone and Prof. Alexandre Papas an exemplary, supportive and erudite advisors, under whose supervision I am proud to complete my dissertation due to his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Beside my supervisors, I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Ghulam Shams ur Rehman who confirmed me the idea to work on this project and helped me to develop the proposal of it. Manuscript is the most important element in the restoration of text. I am very thankful to Khwāja Muhammad ʿĀdil who gave me a copy of the MS and he has always been generous with his time, and has never been too busy to help me in several dimensions of the project for instance, the correction of the original text of manuscript, proof reading of the manuscript, organize the interviews with disciples and to discuss my work and share his insight into Sufi rituals studies of ʿUbaydiyya. The main financial support of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan who provided me for more than four years to made writing this work possible. And I also thanks to GSRL and EPHE who supported me for the conferences and for field work. The person who gave me very kind hospitality during my stay in Montpellier which I can never ever forget as kind guidance to understand the French culture, financial support, French language, visiting the cities and a lot of love is Mme. Claudie Jouineau. With her kind assistance, I have never been faced troubles in France. The assistance of my younger brother Zuhaib Hassan remain invaluable. He helped me to get the scholarship by HEC and admission in French university. I would like to thank all individuals for the many discussions during interviews who assisted me to shape my understanding of the current activities of this study. Discussion with ʿAbd al-Wāsiʿ ʿAtīqī, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy, and ʿAbd al-ʾAlā on the theory of bayʿa and samāʿ have always reminded me of the aesthetic and emotional essence of the texts. I am very thankful to them and all devotees of Chishtiyya ʿUbaydīyya lineage. Finally, I cannot find the words to express my gratitude for the support provided to me in various ways by my family, particularly my parents Muhammad Hasan and Fatima, and my brothers and sisters. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my wife Bakhtawar and my children for their tireless support without whose endurance I could not continue my studies. Dedication To ʿUbaydullāh Multānī I perceive him to be an intellectual person embedded in spirituality RÉSUMÉ La présente étude traite des rituels soufis à Multan pratiqués par l’ordre Chishtiyya ʿUbaydiyya à partir du 19ème siècle jusqu’à nos jours. S'appuyant sur un traité composé par ʿUbaydullāh Multānī, le maître éponyme, notre étude explore à la fois le bayʿa (rituel d'initiation) et le samāʿ (concert spirituel) selon la perspective doctrinale de l'auteur et du point de vue pratique des shaykhs chishtis ʿUbaydī contemporains. Nous analysons en détail la conception que se fait ʿUbaydullāh du bayʿa et du samāʿ dans son traité. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes efforcés de restaurer le texte Sharḥ Mufaṣṣal Qawl-i faṣl fi l- Bayʿa wa-l-Samāʿ par une étude approfondie de son manuscrit. Le Sharḥ Mufaṣṣal est l'une des œuvres les plus significatives de ʿUbaydullāh dans laquelle il tente de réinterpréter les règles et règlements de bayʿa et de samā de manière à intégrer la sharīʿa à la ṭarīqat. MOTS CLÉS Rituels Soufis, Chishtiyya, ʿUbaydiyya, manuscrit, bayʿa, samāʿ. ABSTRACT The present study discusses the Sufi rituals in Multan performed by the Chishtiyya ʿUbaydiyya order from the 19th century to present. Drawing from a treatise written by ʿUbaydullāh Multānī, the eponymous master, the study explores both bayʿa (initiation ritual) and samāʿ (spiritual concert) from the doctrinal perspective of the author and from the practical point of view of contemporary Chishtī ʿUbaydī shaykhs. I discuss in detail ʿUbaydullāh’s concept of both bayʿa and samāʿ according to his treatise. In order to do so, I strove to restore the text of Sharḥ Mufaṣṣal Qawl-i faṣl fi l-Bayʿa wa-l-Samāʿ by a comprehensive study of its manuscript. Sharḥ Mufaṣṣal is one of the most significant works of ʿUbaydullāh in which he tried to reinterpret the rules and regulations of bayʿa and samāʿ in a way that integrates sharīʿa with ṭarīqat. KEYWORDS Sufi rituals, Chishtiyya, ʿUbaydiyya, manuscript, bayʿa, samāʿ. Contents Key to transliteration ............................................................................................................. 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 18 Part 1: ‘Ubaydullāh Multānī and his intellectual Heritage ............................................. 31 Chapter 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 31 An Introduction to ʿUbaydullāh Multānī’s life ..................................................................... 31 ʿUbaydullāh’s Early Education: .................................................................................................................. 33 Journey to Khayrpur for Higher and spiritual Education: .......................................................................... 33 Khwāja Khudā Bakhsh Multānī Khayrpūrī: ................................................................................................ 34 Bayʿa and khilāfat: ..................................................................................................................................... 39 ʿUbaydullāh’s return to Multan: ................................................................................................................ 42 ʿUbaydullāh’s marital and spiritual life: ..................................................................................................... 44 The vigorous affection for his spiritual master: ........................................................................................ 46 Chapter 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 49 ʿUbaydullāh Multānī’s Intellectual Heritage ........................................................................ 49 His Books ................................................................................................................................................... 49 Sufism ........................................................................................................................................................ 50 Poetry ........................................................................................................................................................ 54 Practices .................................................................................................................................................... 55 Quran ......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Prophet ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 Wahhabism ...............................................................................................................................................
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