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NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev

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NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 SIXTEENTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Other Name/Site Number: 2. LOCATION Street & Number: 1530 6th Avenue North at 16th Street Not for publication: City/Town: Birmingham Vicinity: State: Alabama County: Jefferson Code: 073 Zip Code: 35203 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): X Public-Local: ___ District: ___ Public-State: ___ Site: ___ Public-Federal:___ Structure: ___ Object: ___ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 1 buildings sites structures objects 1 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 1 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 SIXTEENTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this ____ nomination ____ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the National Register Criteria. Signature of Certifying Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of Commenting or Other Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau 5. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that this property is: ___ Entered in the National Register ___ Determined eligible for the National Register ___ Determined not eligible for the National Register ___ Removed from the National Register ___ Other (explain): Signature of Keeper Date of Action NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 SIXTEENTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH Page 3 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 6. FUNCTION OR USE Historic: Religion Sub: Religious facility Current: Religion Sub: Religious facility 7. DESCRIPTION ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION: Romanesque MATERIALS: Foundation: Stone Walls: Brick Roof: Asphalt Other: Stained glass windows NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 SIXTEENTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH Page 4 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Describe Present and Historic Physical Appearance. Summary Built between 1909 and 1911, the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church is an eclectic building with Byzantine and Romanesque characteristics. The church is rectangular in shape and two stories high over a raised basement. Character defining features include the brick, rusticated stone, limestone water table, sills, lintels, and coping, arched loggia, stained glass windows, towers with clay tile roofs, centrally located dome and drum, low relief moldings, louvers, central stair, and ornamental brickwork and corbels. The church is located in an urban setting at the intersection of 16th Street and 6th Avenue North. The setting is characterized by commercial establishments, vacant land, parking lots, a park, and institutions. The church parsonage is located in the adjacent lot west of the church. The St. Paul United Methodist Church is located at the southwest corner of the same block. Paved parking separates the two churches. A funeral home is located at the northwest corner of the block. The area to the north of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church consists of vacant lots. Kelly Ingram Park, a focus of the 1963 protests, is located diagonally across the street southeast of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. The contemporary Civil Rights Institute and the A. G. Gaston Motel, where Martin Luther King stayed during the 1963 protests, occupy the block south of the church. Architect The Sixteenth Street Baptist Church was designed by African-American architect Wallace A. Rayfield. His formal education includes a certificate in architecture from the Pratt Institute in 1898 and a Bachelor of Architecture degree from Columbia University in 1899. Thereafter, Booker T. Washington, then president of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, invited Rayfield to teach architectural drawing at the school. Tuskegee, a well-known black college in Macon County, Alabama, is where a number of African-American architects received their professional education. At Tuskegee, Rayfield worked with Robert R. Taylor, one of the first African Americans to earn an architecture degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Upon his departure in 1907, Washington praised Rayfield in a recommendation, “He was a valuable man . His qualifications are such as to fit him for doing any work of an architectural nature that he accepts. I am glad to bear testimony to this effect.”1 After he left Tuskegee, Rayfield opened the first architectural practice in Alabama headed by an African American (outside of Robert Taylor’s work at Tuskegee), where he had a successful career in architecture. Much of his work was in designing churches and in 1909 he was designated the official architect for the A.M.E. Zion church in the United States and Africa. In Birmingham he designed many residences and was known as “the architect of Birmingham’s African-American middle class.”2 Church Exterior A carved cornerstone is located at the southeast corner of the church at the level of the raised basement. The cornerstone reads: “Sixteenth St. Baptist Church, Windham Bros. Cont.rs, W.A. Rayfield & Co. Arch.ts.” The south and east elevations of the church, including the towers, face the street and are clad in the same, more expensive materials while the west and north elevations of the church are clad in the same, less expensive 1 National Park Service, Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS No. AL 898, Library of Congress (Washington, DC: 1993), 2, quoting from Booker T. Washington, letter to whom it may concern regarding Wallace Rayfield, Tuskegee Institute, 15 August, 1908, in “Wallace A. Rayfield, 1874-1891: A Pioneering African-American Architect in Alabama,” Faith and Form, Vinson E. McKenzie, (Fall 1993). The HABS documentation reflects the current appearance of the church. 2 Ibid., 2. NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 SIXTEENTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH Page 5 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form materials. The brick at the west and north elevations of the church is dark brown in a common bond pattern with five rows of stretchers between rows of headers. Above the water table, the main walls of the south and east elevations are clad with variegated brown brick in a running bond pattern. At the south and east elevations, the raised basement is clad with rusticated stone and separated from the main walls of the church by a limestone water table. Reminiscent of the Byzantine “cross-in-square” church plan are the cupola on a tiered drum and the two front towers topped by arched pyramidal roofs. All of the windows of the church are stained glass except for those at the north (rear) side and those at the raised basement level. All of the arched windows have brick lintels and limestone sills. The rectangular windows have limestone sills and lintels. All the windows at the west, south, and east sides of the raised basement are double hung with one-over-one sashes and arranged in pairs. There are sixteen windows at the east elevation of the raised basement. There are fifteen windows at the west elevation of the raised basement and one metal louver. Roof There are four different roofing conditions on the church. The primary roof over the sanctuary is a low- pitched hipped roof with a ballasted, built-up roofing membrane. The roof of the cupola is covered with composition shingles. Originally, the cupola was covered with Spanish tile. The two towers have curved pyramidal roofs clad in French tiles. The roof over the loggia is a ballasted built-up roof. Cupola A two-tiered cupola is located at the center of the building. The first tier is a square drum, and the second tier is octagonal. The cupola is wood framed and clad in pressed metal. Windows are positioned in the upper and lower tiers of the cupola, which is topped by an octagonal dome. The first tier includes sixteen windows, four on each side. The fixed, single-sash windows have fifteen lights each. The second tier includes eight windows, one on each side. The single-sash windows have eighteen lights each. South Elevation The south (front) elevation is five bays wide, with a tower comprising each end bay. These two corner towers rise three stories over a raised basement and flank a grand central stair leading to a single-story loggia. Three double-hung windows are on this side of the church: two at the southeast tower and one at the southwest tower. One window at the southwest tower was replaced with a door when the elevator was installed. The parapet wall is capped with stone coping. This elevation contains seven stained glass windows. Six are located at the first story under the loggia. The arched-top, double-hung, stained glass windows occur in groups of three on both sides of the central doorway. Centrally located at the second story above the loggia is the Wales Window, a rectangular stained glass window depicting Christ on the cross.
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