Proceedings 01 the Seventh Meeting OF Tbe National Christian Council

HELD AT

NAGPUR

December 29, I936-January 1, 1937

Office of the National Chriatian CoUDCil Nelaon Square, NalPur

PBINTBD IN INDIA Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting OF The National Christian Council

HELD AT

NAGPUR

DECEJJfBER 29, 1936-JANUARY 1, 1937

Office of the National Christian Council Nelson Square, Nagpur PRINTED IN INDIA AT THE DIOCESAN PRESS, MADRAS 1937

f:. CONTENTS

PAGE OFFICERS, MEMBERS AND LIST OF COMMITTEES

PROCEEDINGS

1. PRELIMINARIES 3 II. EVANGELISM AND MASS MOVEMENTS 4 Ill. THE CENTRAL BOARD OF CHRISTIAN HIGHER EDUCATION 27 IV. WORW MISSIONARY CONFERENCE, HlRR 38 V. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 40 YI. FINANCE 42 VII. CHRISTIAN MEDICAL WORK 51 VIII. INDIAN CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE ACT AND DIVORCE 52 IX. REPORTS FROM PROVINCIAL CHRISTIAN COmWILS 53 X. HENRY MARTYN SCHoor, OF ISLAMIC STUDIES 53 XI. MATTERS RELATING TO THE SECRETARIAT 54 XII. COUNCIL FOR ] 937-39 55 XIII. 'J'HE DAY OF PRAYER FOR INDIA 57 XIV. REPORTS SUBMITTED TO THE COUNCIL 57 X V. VOTE OF THANKS 58

APPENDIX I

REPORTS OF PROVINCIAl, CHRISTIAN COUNCILS Andhra Christian Council 5f) Bengal and Assam Christian Council U1 Bihar and Orissa Christian Conncil 62 Bombay Christian Council 65 Burma Christian Conncil 66 Madras Representative Christian Conncil 67 Mid·lndia Christian Council 69 Punjab Christian Council 71 United Provinces Christian Council 73

APPENDIX II

(a) REPORT OF COMMITTF..E ON RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 75 (b) REPORT ON CHRISTIAN MEDICAL WORK. 1935-36 78 (c) REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SOCIAL HYGIENE, 1935-36 85 iv

PAGE (d) REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE ••• 87 (e) REPORT OF THE COMMITl'EE ON WORK AMONG MUSLIMS, 1935-36 90 (f) THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL REVIEW 91

APPENDIX III

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL, 1936 92 DAY OF PRAYER CONTRIBUTIONS ••• 94 COl.\"TRIBUTIONS TO THE MASS MOVEMENT SURVEY, 1936 95 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN EVANGELISM, 1936 96

APPENDIX IV

CHRIRTIAN COIJLEGES IN INDIA, STATISTICS, Hl34 , 1935, Hl36 .__ 97 THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL

CHAIRMAN 'rHE RT. REV. THR BISHOP OF DORNAKAIJ, Dornakal, Singareni Collieries, Deccan.

VICE-CHAIRMAN THE REV .•J. McKENZIE, \-Vilson College, Chowpatty, Bombay.

TREASURER THE REV. J. Roy STROCK, V.L.C. MiRRion, Gnntnr, S. India.

SECRET ARIES THE REV. J. Z. HODGE \ MR. P. O. PHILIP l MISS A. B. VAN DOREN DR. R. B. MANIKAM for Central Board J Nelson Square, Nagpnr of Christian Higher Education and Literature. MISS M. REID, Asst. Secretary.

MEMBERS Elected by Provincial Christian Councils A ndhra Christian Council: THE REV. D. AROGYAM, Nellore, S. India. THE REV. ,T. Roy STROCK, V.L.C. Mission, Guntur, S. India. Bengal and Assam Christian Council: MR. K. C. ADDY, St. Paul's College, Amherst Street, Calcutta. MR. S. C. MUKERJI, 131-1, v.~est Range, Circus P.O., Calcutta. MR. C. S. PATERSON, i.M.C.A., Chmuinghee, Calcutta. THE REV. A. M. SPENCER, 16, Sudder Street, Calcutta. Bihar and Orissa Christian Council: THE REV. W. J. BIGGS, Baptist YIission, Balangir, via Sambalpur. THE RT. REV. BISHOP S. K. TARAFDAH, Krishnagar (Nadia Distriet, Bengal). Bom,bay Representative Christian Council: THE REV. ,T. M. LYLE, I.P. Mission, Broach. MISS SHINDE, Urdu Training College for Women, Poona. Burma Christian Council: S'RA SHE BA, Pwo Karen Compound, Bassein, Burma. DR. U HLA Bu, J ndson College, Rangoon. THE REV. C. E. OLMSTEAD, M.E. Boys' High School, Creek St., Rangoon. THE REV. R. H. L. SLATER, The Parsonage, Pagoda Road, Rangoon. vi

Jfadras Representative Chr-istian Council: MR. THOMAS DAVID, N.M.S. Building, Royapetta, Madras. THE REV. G. PARKER, United Theological College, Bangalore. THE RT. REV. BISHOP J. SANDEGREN, Tl'anquebar Honse, rl'richinopol~·.

M idolndia Representative Christian Council: MISS E. L. CLINTON, Hawa Bagh, .Tnhbnlpore. THE REV. D. A. MCGAVRAN, Christian Mission, Mnngeli, c.r. THE REV. S. T. NAWAGIRI, Nagpur. THE REV. G. H. SINGH, Silver Oaks, 179, Civil Lines, Jnbbnlpore.,

Punja,b Christian Council: MR. B. L. RAIJLIA RAM, Y.M.C.A., The Mall, Lahore. MISS G. r. SMITH, M.E. Church, Lahore. THE REV. S. N. TALIB-UD-DIN, United Theological CollegE', Rahamnpnr.

United Provinces Christian Council: MR. G. S. INGRAM, C.M.S., Barhan (Agra District), n.p. RAl BAHADUR N. K. MUKERJI, 18, Clive Road, Allahabad.

Note.-According to the Transitory Provisions No. :2 adopted by the Council 'elected members of the Council present at the 1936 meeting of the Council shall retain their membership WI before the opening of the next regular meeting of the Council and only till then. whether their present appointment covers two meetings of the Councilor only one.'

Co'opted Members 1. THE REV. P. G. BHAGAT, Vocational Training School, Anklesvar (Broach District). 2. MRS. S. K. CHATTERJI, Siksha-Sangha, Bishnupur, 24 Parganas,. 'Bengal. 3. MR. R. M. CHETSINGH, Christian Boys' High School, Kharar, Ambala District. 4. MRS .•J. R. CHITAMBAR, M.E. Church, Jubbulpore, C.P. 5. MISS O. C. COCKS, Alexandra Girls' High School, Amritsar. 6. DR. S. K. DATTA, Forman Christian College, Lahore. 7. THE RT. REV. THE BISHOP OF DORNAKAL, Dornakal, Singareni Col· lieries, Deccan. 8. THE REV. T. W. GARDINER, Hislop College, Nagpur. 9. MR .•T. L. GOHEEK, A.P. Mission, Sangli, S.M.C. 10. THE REV .•T. S. M. HOOPER, Mayo Road. Nagpur. 11. MR. K. K. KURUVIIJLA, Mar Thoma Syrian Seminary, Kottayam, Travancore. 12. THE REV. J. McKENZIE, Wilson College, Chowpatty, 'Bombay. 13. THE RT. REV. THE BISHOP OF MADRAS, The Dioeesan Office, Cathedral. P.O., Madras. 14. THE REV. D. T. NILES, Methodist Mission, .Taffna, Ceylon. 15. THE RT. REV. BISHOP J. W. PICKETT, Robinson Memorial, Byculla, Bombay. 16. DR. GALEN F. SCUDDER, Ranipet (N. Arcot District), S. India. 17. MR. S. W. SAVARIMUTHU, Teachers' College Hostel, Saidapet, Madras. 18. THE RT. REV. THE BISHOP OF TINNEVELLY, Bishopstowe, Palam­ cottah, S. India. 19. THE REV. M. T. TITUS, M.E. Mission, Budaun, D.P. 20. MR. C. T. VENUGOPAL, Accounts Office, E.B. Railway, Calcutta. vii

EXECUTIVE CQMMITTEE

1. 'l'HE CHAIRMAN. tj. THE REV. J. D. l\L HOOl'EIt. ~. THE VICE-CHAIRMAN. ~. MR. J. S. INGRAM. O. 'l'HE 'l'REA SURER , and the foI-, 10. THE BISHOP OF MADRAS. lowing members: 11. RAI BAHADUR N. K. MUKEHJI. 4. MR. K. C. ADDY. 12. BISHOP J. v\". PWKETI. 5. MRS. CmTAMBAR. 18. MR. B. L. RALLIA RAM. U. MISS O. C. COCKS. 14. BISHOP J. SANDBGREN. 7. MR. 'l'HOMAS DAVID. 15. BISHOP S. K. 'l'ARAFDAU.

COMMITTEES 1. Committee on Medical Work. The Christian Medical AHsociatioll of v\'hich the following members constitute the Executive Committee:- DlR DR. HENRY T. HOLLAND, Quetta (President). DR. GALEN :F. SCUDDER, Ranipet, S. India (Vice-Presidellt). DR. ANNA P. MARTIN, .i\'agpur, C.P. (Treasurer). DR. A. GRIWILLE YOUNG, Jalna, Deccan (Editor). DR. B. C. OLIVER, Byramji Road, Nagpur, C.P. (Secretary). DR. C. FRIMODT-MoLLER, Arogyavaram, S. India. DR. L. 1. ROBERTS, Giddalur, S. India. DR. S. GURUBATHAM, Coimbatore, S. India. DR. RUTH YOUNG, Lady Hardinge Medical College, i\ew Delhi.

:2. The Comm.ittee on Christian Literature of the National Chri8Uan Council: (a) Repre8entativ68 of Boa"d8 'which contributed £20 and ove/,- C.M.S. 'l'RE RT. REV. BISHOP S. K. 'l'AHAFDAH. C.E.Z.M.S. MISS P. GROVER, NaUul', 'l'innevelly Dis­ trict. M.E. Church MR. C, O. FORSGREN, LuckllOW l'llblish­ ing House, Lucknow. Church of Englalld in Canada Mission REV. C. R. H. VVILKINSON, Palalllporc. American Baptist Mission REV. T. 'WATHNE, Ollgole. AllIerican Evangelical Mission REV. E. \\". MENZEL, Bisrampur, C.P.

Repre8entatit'es of Provillcial Christian Co'Uneils- Andhra REV. F. L. MARI,Elt, Mission Road, Bangalore City. Bengal and Assam MR. S. C. MUKERJI, Caleutta. Bihar aml Orissa REV. PHILIP JOHN, B.M.S., l'atlla. Bombay REV. J. M. BLOUGH, Church of the Brethren Mission, Vyara, via Si.lmL. Burma (To be appointed). Ccyloll . ('l'o be appointed). Madraf:i MISS V. K BLACK, C.L.S., Madras. MiJ-Iudia REV. T. N. HIH, Missioll' Pre::>::>, Juubul­ pore. PUlljab MR. B. L. RALLIA RAM, Lahore. _, United Pmvinces MR. \V. B. HAYES, Allahabad. Representatives of the Muslim Literature Com.mittee- REV. J'. A. SUDHAK, School of Islamic Studies, 5, Egertoll noa~, Lahore. REV. M. T. TITUS, M.E. Mission, Budaull, V.P. viii

Rep'resentatives oj the ChristiunPublishing H ouses- MR. W. H. \VARREN, Christian Literature Society, Park Town, Madras. RAl BAHADUR N. K. MUKERJI, North India Christian 'l'ract & Book Society, 18, Clive Road, Allahabad. Secretary; Dr. R. B. Manikam. 3. Committee on Work among Moslems: REV. A. BARAKAT ULLAH, Holy Trinity Church, Lahore. REV. F. S. BRIGGS, Ghazipur, U.P. REV. D. A. CHOUDHUf."'l, Budge Budge, Bengal. REV. IJ. BEVAN JONES, -5; Egerton Road, Lahore. MRS. L. BEVAN JONES, 5, Egerton Road, Lahore. REV. B. M. Mow, Bu-Isar (Surat District). RAI BAHADUR N. K. MUKERJI, 18, Clive Road, Allahabad. REV. ¥l. G. NELSON, Idgah, Mysore City, S. India. REV. SAMSUN KHAN, C.M.S., Peshawar, N.-W.F.P. MR. F. D. WARRIS, P.R.B.S., Anarkali, Lahore. Dr. M. T. Titus, Baudaun, U. p. (Convener). 4. Committee on Theological Education: DR. J. ~'. McFADYEN, Hislop College, Nagpm. REV. STEPHEN NEILL, Nazareth, S. India. REV. CANON J. R. PEACEY, Bishop's College, Calcutta. REV. S. L. SALVI, American Marathi Mission, Alunednagar. REV. G. STAEHLIN, L.E.L.Mission, Madras. REV. H. SUMITRA, United Theological College, Bangalore. REV. S. N. TALIB-UD-DIN, United Theological College, t>aharanpur, U.P. Bishop J. W. Pickett, Robinson Memorial, Byculla, Bombay (Convener). 5. Committee on Christian lvl arriage Act and Divorce: DR. S. K DATTA, FOl'mall Christian College, Lahore. THE BISHOP aI" DORNAKAL, Dornakal, Singareni CollieriCl:;, Deccan. REV. H. GULLIFORD, Teddillgton, Coonool', Nilgiris, t>. India. THE BISHOP OF LUCKNOW, Allahabad, U.P. MR. S. C. MUKERJI, 131-1, West Range, Circus P.O., Calcutta. BISHOP J. W. PICKETT, Robinson Memorial, Byculla, Bombay. REV. J. Roy STROCK, D.L.C. Mission, Guntm, S. India. The Bishop of TinneveUy, Bishopstowe, Palamcottah, Tinnevelly (Convener). Sub-Conz.mittee on Marriage Law and Divorce in Indi«n States: MR. P. CHENCHIAH, Chief Judge, Pudukottah, S. India. MR. P. CHERIAN, Pulimoottil, Tiruvalla, Travancore, S. India. RAI BAHADUR A. C. MUKERJI, 7, Cawnpore Road, Allahabad. DR. A. L. WILEY, A.P. Mission, Ratnagiri, Bombay Presidency. Rev. F. C. Sackett, Methodist Mission, Secunderabad, Deccan (Convener). 6. Representatives on the InternaUonal Missionary Council: THE BISHOP OF DORNAKAL, Dornakal, Deccan. REV. J. Z. HODGE, N.C.C. Office, Nagpur. 7. Representative on the Student Christian Movement: DR. R. B. MANIKAM, N.C.C. Office, Nagpur. ix

8. Representatives Ott the Committee oj Management oj the Henry Martyn School, Laho1'e: REV. D. A. CHOWDHURY, Church of Scotland Mission, Budge Budge, Bengal. REV. M. T. TITUS, M.E. Mission, Budaun, V.P. REV. A. BARAKAT ULLA, Lahore.

~. Representatives on the College Committee oj the Christian Medical Association: REV . .T. Z. HODGE, N.C.C. Office, Nagpur. REV. ,J. B. M. HOOPER, Mayo Road, Nagpur. DR. R. B. MANIKAM, N.C.C. Office, Nagpur.

10. RepTesentati'luls on the. India Sunday School Union: DR. D. A. MCGAVRAN, Christian Mission, Mungeli, C.P. RT. REV. BISHOP J. SANDEGREN, Tranquebar House, Trichinopoly, S. India. MISS A. B. VAN DOREN, N.e.C., Nagpur. n. Central Board of Christian Higher Education: REV. T. W. GARDINER, Hislop College, Nagpur (Chairnwn). DR. E. ASIRVATHAM, Department of Political Science, Lucknow Uni- versity, Lucknow. MR. J. D. ASIRVATHAM, Christian College, Tambaram, Madras. REV. BISHOP J. R. CHITAMBAR, M.E. Mission, Jubbulpore. REV. A. THAKUR DASS, Naulakha Church, Lahore. DR. S. K. DATrA, Forman Christian College, Lahore. THE BISHOP OF DORNAKAL, Dornakal, Singareni Collieries, Deccan. REV. T. R. FOULGER, Methodist Missionary Society, Madras. MR. J. L. GOHEEN, A.P. Mission, Sangli, S.M.C. REV. J. S. M. HOOPER, Mayo Road, Nagpur. THE BISHOP OF MADRAS, Diocesan Office, Cathedral P.O., Madras. DR. E. McDOUGALL, Women's Christian College, Cathedral P.O., Madras. DR . .T. :!\fcKENzIE, Wilson College, Chowpatty, Bombay. REV. C. S. MILFORD, St. Paul'R College, Amherst St., Calcuttl}. MR: S. C. MUKERJI, 131-1, West Range, Circus P.O., Calcutta. MR. S. R. RoY, Ranke P.O., Ranchi District. DR. J. Roy STROCK, Andhra Christian College, Guntur, S. India. REV. T. D. SULLY, St. John's College, Agra. MIt. A. M. VARKI, Union Christian College, Alwaye, Travancore. DR. R. D. WELLONS, Lucknow Christian College, Lucknow. Dr. R. B. Manikam, Ne1son Square, Nagpur (Secretory). Executive Committee of the Oentral Board of Christian Higher Edu· cation: REV. T. W. GARDINER (Chairman). THE BISHOP OF DORNAKAL. REV. J. 8. M. HOOPER. :MIt. S. K. Roy. DR. R. B. MANIKAM (Secretary). Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting OF The National Christian Council HELD IN Nagpur, Decemher 29, 1936 to January 1, 1937.

THE seventh meeting of the National Christian Council (the sixteenth from the formation of the National Missionary Council in 1912) was held in Nagpur from December 29, 1936 to January I, 1937. The Right Rev. The Bishop of Dornakal took the chair and opened the meeting with prayer. The roll-call of the members present was taken and the following were in attendance: Andhra Christian Council.-The Rev. A. T. :Fishman, the Rev. A. Gordon, Dr. R. B. Manikam, th~ Rev. D. Arogyam. Bengal and Assam Christian Council.-The Rev. A. M. Spencer, Mr. K. C. Addy, the Rev. V. Rees. Bihar and Orissa Christian Council.-Mr. R. P. Pryce, Bishop S. K. Tarafdar, the Rev. T. Lenman. Bombay Representative Christian Council.-Miss L. F. Austin, the Rev. R. H. Gaikwad, the Rev. J. M. Lyle. B-urma Christian Council.-The Rev .. C. E. Olmstead, the Rev. H. O. Wyatt. Ceylon Christian Council.-The Rev. D. T. Niles, Mr. T. W. De Silva. Madras Representative Christian Council.-Dr. J. H. Maclean, the Rev. Arthur John, Bishop J. Sandegren, Mr. Thomas David. Mid-India Representative Christian Council.-Bishop G. J. Lapp, Dr. A. McGavran, the Rev. S. T. Nawagiri, the Rev. G. H. Singh. Punjab Christian Council.-Miss O. C. Cocks, the Rev. Canon A. B. Chandu Lall, Mr. B. L. Rallia Ram. United Provinces Christian Council.-Rai Bahadur N. K. Mukerji, M1'. E. Ahmed Shah, Mr. G. S. Ingram, the Rev. G. D. Reynolds. Co-opted! Members.-Dr. E. Asirvadam, Mr. R. M. Chetsingh, the Rev. J. L. Dodds, The Bishop of Dornakal, the Rev. J. S. M. Hooper, The Bishop of Madras, Dr. J. McKenzie, the Rev. B. M. Mow, Bishop J. W. Pickett, Dr. J. Roy Strock, The Bishop of Tinnevelly. To fill vacancies in the co-opted list the following were appointed members and they were present. Miss Jean Begg, Dr. Anna P. Martin and Mr. D. G. Moses. The following sent apologies for inability to attend: Dr. P. V. Benjamin, Bishop J. R. Chitambar, Mrs. P. N. Dass, Dr. S. K. Datta, Rev. Joel Lakra, Rev. S. K. Mondol, Miss R. Navalkar, Mr .. S. W. Savarimuthu, Miss Shinde. Dr. R. B. Manikam and Rev. J. M. Lyle were appointed Minute Secretaries., 2

Visitors to the Council.-The following were welcomed to the Council as visitors: Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman of the International Missionary Council also Chairman of the World's Committee of the Y.M.C.A. There were also the following representing the Y .. M.C.A. : Australia.-Mr. 3". T. Massey. England.-Mr. F. 3". Chamberlain, National Secretary, England, Wales and Ireland, Mrs. Chamberlain, Mrs. A. W. Hayes, Mr. C. R. Hemningway. Japan.-Mr. Soichi Saito, National Secretary. Scotland.-Mr. H. Lightbody, National Secretary, Mrs. Lightbody. Siam.-The Rev. Pluang Sudhikam, President, Y.M.C.A. and N.C.C. Switzerland.-Mr. Charles Beguin, Secretary. U.S.A.-Mr. 3". E. Sproul, National Staff. World's Committee.-Mr. Basil Mathews, Mr. Chas. Guillon. The following represented the Y. W. C.A.: Lady Proctor, Miss Van Asch Van Wyck, World President, Miss Woodsmall, Miss Rice, Miss Agatha Harrison, Mdlle de Dietrich. The following were the other overseas visitors: Rev. W. 3". Noble, Mrs. Leith (Methodist Missionary Society, London); Mr. and Mrs. Carl Heath (Friends Service Council, London); Dr. Thos. S. Donohugh (Associate Secretary, Methodist Episcopal Church, U.S.A.); the Rev. A. McLeish (World Dominion Movement, London); Dr. F. Laubach (Philippine Islands); Mr. and Mrs. 3". Merle Davis (Fraternal delegates from China); Miss Wilson (Editorial Secretary, United Council for Missionary Educational Council). The Rev. W. Martin (Hon. Secretary, Bombay Christian Council) also attended as a visitor. I t was reported that Dr. Y ohan Masih for many years a member of the Council and a member of its Executive Committee had passed away. The following minute prepared by the Executive was read and adopted, all members standing in respectful memory:

RESOLVED: I. (a) That the Members of the National Christian Council take this occasion to record their unfeigned regret at the death of their colleague Dr. Y ohan Masih and to express their high appreciation of his long and distinJ{uished service in the cause of Christ. One of the original members of the National Christian Council, and a member of its Execu­ tive when he died, he served its interests with unwavering loyalty and the Council has lost in him a staunch friend and trusted counsellor. A man of many interests he exercised a notable ministry in the fields of Theological Education and the production of Christian Literature; but he will be most gratefully remembElred for the love he bore to the Church of Christ in India. To promote its well being was with him a consuming passion, and his fine ardours were ever employed in striving to heal its divisions and extend the range of its influence. For a life so gifted and so devoted, the members of the Council unite in giving thanks to God. (b) That a copy of this Resolution be sent with an expression of effectionate sympathy to Mrs. Yohan Masih. I. Preliminaries Hours of l\feeting.-It was decided that the sessions of the Council be from 8.45 a.m. to 12 noon and from 2.30 to 4.30 p.m. On December 30 and 31, 6,30 to 7.30 p.m .. was set apart for meetings of an informal nature and the following subjects were presented-'Evangelism Overseas' by the Rev .. W. J. Noble, Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society, London and 'Impressions of a Recent Survey in some parts of North India' by the Rev. Alexander McLeish of the World Dominion Move­ ment, London. During these meetings the Council had the privilege of hearing also brief addresses from the Rev. Pluang Sudhikam of Siam, Miss Van Asch Van Wyck, World President of the Y.\V.C.A., Lady Proctor from England and Mr. Soichi Saito, National General Secretary of the Y.M:C.A. in Japan. On Wednesday, December 30, Thursday, December 31 and Friday, January I, the period from 10.30 to II a.m. was set apart for devotions led by Bishop J; Sandegren. Business Committee.-It was decided that the Executive Committee should act as a Business Committee in regard to the arrangement of business. Nominations Committee.-It was decided to appoint a Nomi­ nation Committee consisting of one member each from among the elected delegates from each Provincial Christian Council to be elected by the delegation. It was further decided that Mr. B. L. Rallia Ram be the Convener of the Committee and that it should first of all report to the Executive Committee and then to the Council. Rules of Procedure.-The following rules of procedure of the last meeting of the Council were read and adopted as the rules of procedure for this meeting. I. That all substantive resolutions must be submitted in writing. 2. That the Business Commitee be empowered to decide the order of subjects at each session, and, if necessary, the time to be allotted to each, with the limitation to opening and subsequent speakers. 3. That the recommendations and resolutions by committees or individual members shall first be submitted to the Business Committee for its approval in regard to the form in which they shall be presented to the Council, except in the «ase of resolutions arising in the course of the debate. 4. That the acceptance by the Council of the reports of Committees implies the approval of the reports as to their general substance, but the Council holds itself responsible only for those resolutions which are passed by it...: 4

5. That substitutes for representatives of Provincial Councils take their places at Council meetings only, and not as members of ttIe 'committees to which the representa­ tives belong.

II. Evangelism and Mass Movements The Rev. J. Z. Hodge briefly narrated the steps that had led up to the inauguration of the Five Year Movement i!n Evangelism at the close of the year 1935, the response to which on the part of the Churches had been most encouraging. He then submitted the report of the Conference on Mass Movements held in Nagpur on December 3 and 4, 1936, and emphasised the importance of its recommendations. These called for action bv the Council. . Bishop Pickett gave a brief interim report of his study of the caste movements towards Christianity in the Telugu country. Dr. Mott brought to the Council new inspiration by a clear statement of his conviction that a rising tide of spiritual life was apparent in every continent and by his earnest plea that only in the 'larger evangelism' can a situation which is full of unprecedented opportunity and of grave danger find an adequate solution.. He stressed the need for Christians at this time to seek earnestly a larger unity by self-examination and a greater appreciation of the Living Christ and His unfailing resources. The following are important sections from the Report on Evangelism: We have laid it down from the outset that in all our plans and endeavours the Church must be central, and we record with thank­ fulness that this principle has been well establishe4. Evangelism has done more than anything else to integrate the N.C.C. and its work in the life and ministry of the Church in India. It has made for increased co-operation. We rejoice in the splendid way the Provincial Councils have rallied to the Call. Conditions differ widely in different provinces; in,some the Christian forces got into action early, in others the call for labourers had to be continued till the eleventh hour; in some, movements of long-standing have gained in intensity, in others, some fields, long regarded as unfruitful, have awakened to 'newness of life'; in all there is expectancy, a new zest for prayer and a new emphasis on witnessing. But the provinces will speak for themselves. Andhra The Andhra Christian Council at its Biennial Meeting in Decem­ ber 1935 followed the precedent of the N.C.C. and set up a Fellowship of Counsel on Evangelism with the Bishop of Dornakal as Convener. Another important action was the decision that three workers be requested to give two or three months each for special service. During the Week of Witness in the Dornakal Diocese 2,457 villages were visited by bands of witnesses; 259,000 is the estimated number of hearers-some 20,000 more than the preceding year; 21,918 workers took part; 304 villages are asking for instruction. The Week ,5

of Witness in the Kistna Archdeaconry is a good example of what took place throughout the area. It was held in May, after nine months' preparation. There is a remarkable change in the willingness of the Hindus to hear the Gospel. Another encouraging feature is the in­ creasing number of Christian women who took part. In addition to workers' wives 3,263 women participated and of this number 2,009 boldly gave witness. In one place the Kshatriya (Sun Race) women listened eagerly to the message given by the Christian women; on hear· ing Christ described as 'our Lord', a Hindu said, 'Jesus Christ if! Lord not only to you, but also to us, Hindus'; the Gallas (shepherds) in seven villages have promised to come in; a Sudra confessed before the audience that Christ is God, and requested the preachers to come to his house and preach to his family; Christians gave witness boldly before the Zamindars. No. of Christians who took part 11,807 No. of Christians who witnessed 6,308 No. of villages visited 1,029 No. of people preached to ... 124,159 No. of people who gave their names as enquirers (over 1,500 more than previous year) 5,596 No. of villages asking for instruction 118 No. of people who actually enrolled 4,051 A simple drama-'Come and See', first produced at the Dornakal Harvest Thanksgiving by the Divinity students with scenes from St. John and Acts, portraying the eagerness of the disciples to bring others to Christ, was used to good effect. Short courses in intensive evangelistic training were carried out in different deaneries of the Nandyal district by workers of the Church Army. These lasted for a fortnight and included prayer, study and practical work in the villages. Six village men attended each course and were given an allowance of four annas a day for food. Thus trained, they retnrned to their villages to bear witness. A successful Laymen's Conference is reported from Khammamet. Its aim was to encourage witness-bearing and giving guidance in preaching and methods. It was attended by representative elders, and occasion was taken to explain to them the aims and methods of the Five-Year-Plan. The laymen were unanimous 'that nothing should be preached of which the non-Christian audience would say, "We also believe the same, but under different names.'" These were held to be the essentials of witness-bearing :-(1) Personal experience; (2) Telling forth our Lord's sufferings and death, and resurrection; (3) The telling witness of changed communities, under the power of the Gospel. Several encouraging incidents in the Telugu United Evangelistic Campaign are given by a missionary of the London Mission. We quote two. 'In one pastorate quite a little group of Sudra women of the leading families in the place have been sincerely trusting in Jesus, praying to Him and refusing all Hindu religious customs in their homes, notwithstanding threats and much trouble from their husbands and relations. . . . Two of the women have already taken baptism, others are ready llnd their husbands are beginning to give way. 'In this and the adjoining pastorates a remarkable movement simultaneous with the caste mov€:ment has set in among the Madigas. Almost all the Mala villages had become Christians fiftv, sixty and more years ago, which meant automatically that the Madiga would refuse to become Christian as he would not unite with his hereditarv enemy, rival and detested fellow outcaste, the Mala. But as a result of the evangelistic campaign almost an the Madiga communities have 6

placed themselves under Christian instruction and this largely because of the friendly advances made by the Christian Mala elders. In one of these Madiga villages the other day 150 Madigas and 60 Malas were baptized the same day. . . . There is no doubt that this lead will be followed by some 20 Madiga villages.' So they are coming: caste people, Malas and Madigas, and all who come are welcome.

Bengal and Assam An All-Bengal Evangelistic Campaign was held for one week in the first week of December. There was intensive preparation for seven or eight weeks and the N.C.C. leaflets for pastors were translat.ed, and, in some cases, condensed. A printed letter, calling upon the Churches in Bengal to take up the campaign so as to make Evangelism a perma­ nent feature in the life of the Church, was sent out. A very successful Calcutta Week of Witness was undertaken by the Calcutta Indian Ministers' Association. In no city has the witness of the 'Oxford Group' been so fruitful as Calcutta. It has extended beyond ordinary Church channels and carried the good news into provinces of life hitherto largely isolated. Evangelism has a message for the European and Anglo-Indian that can best be interp.reted by witness and in this respect the 'groups' have been greatly used of God. Here is an example of what can be done by a single congregation. We quote from a report of an experiment made by St. Thomas' Church, Calcutta: 'We made an experiment during Lent. Believing that it is our duty to seek to bring other people to the knowledge of Christ, espe­ cially in view of the call to a Forward Movement in Evangelism. we arranged three special Mission Services on April 1, 2 and 3 and enlisted the services of the regular congregation to bring other people to these. About thirty lay people went round inviting others, both their own a,cquaintances and strangers, and there were about one hundred people present each night. We pray and hope that this simple act of witness will be found not only to have been fruitful in bring­ ing more people into the fold of the Church, but will also have quickened and deepened the religious life of the regular congregation.'

Bihar and Orissa Steps were taken to bring the five-year programme and its aims before Church members, and in addition to the translation and distri­ bution of N.C.C. literature, special leaflets were published. Well organised vVeeks of Witness were held in various places. The Rev. A. S. Crowe, whose services have been generously placed at the disposal of the Bihar and Orissa Christian Council for the furtherance of Evangelism, writes:- 'In Ranchi itself the third Week of Evangelism was undoubtedly an advance on either of the previous ones. The idea of personal witness as the main objective of the "Week" is taking hold. The difficulty this time was to find time and opportunity for all those to witness. wh~ desire? to ~o so. Many young people took part for the fi.rst tIme III pubhc testImony. There has been an improvement, to<;>, III the work of fo~lowing up the "Week". In previous years thIS was negl~cted: ThIS year, weekly meetings have been carried on by a saml!l whIch has bee~ formed with the object of witnessing to the necessIty of, and workmg for, purity of life in the Christian Church. A monthly meeting of a Convention character has been 7

held, and a monthly united service for testimony in the villages has been conducted.' From other parts of the province Mr. Crowe tells of a new zest for visitation and greater purpose in prayer. For example: (1) In one mission the missionary has visited 74 villages and an evangelist 30 others, many of which had not been visited for 15 or 20 years. (2) A binti samaj has been formed with about 30 members; also ten men have promised to preach, 12 to distribute tracts and 15 to sing; these plan to visit villages and bazaars.

Among the Santals There is now a Santal Christian Council affiliated to that of Bihar and Orissa. Its two main obi ectives are:--:- (a) To adopt and co-ordinate all possibl~"'· means whereby the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ may be most effectively spread among the non-Christian Santal people. (b) To foster by co-operation and friendly counsel the ultimate ideal of a united Santal Church which shall be worthy to take its place in any larger flcheme of Church unity in India. It was fitting that Evangelism held the central place in the deli­ berations of its annual meetings and that the grave of Dr. Andrew Campbell should be the scene of a united act of dedication. From the Santal country comes also the story of a eonvert 'who walked eight miles seeking guidance on eternal things. We watched his life for two years and now rejoice in his open confession of Christ. Last month he brought his brother to church and now brings his son. There seems to be a work of grace in the village.' It is ever thus: from relative to relative the blessed contagion spreads.

Bombay and Western India 'Revival in Western India waits for us.' writes one who knows the signals well. From the reports of the Marathi and Gujarati Com­ mittees on Evangelism it is evident that churches and missions are rising splendidly to the challenge of the Five-Year Movement. In the Marathi country we are told that doors are open on every side and moreover that these doors of opportunity open to others besides the depressed classes. An Indian leader writes :-'As I read the signs of the times, the opportunity is as great amongst the educated class as it is among the depressed classes, perhaps it is more.' That is a good and timely word. In our zeal for the exterior castes we must not forget the 'other sheep', who also look up expecting to be fed. Retreats for leaders and conferences for the rank and file have been a special feature. Sueh oeeasions strengthen purpose in prayer, establish believers in the faith and provide guidance in methods o! evangelism. Much time and thought were given to preparation and the leaflets for pastors provided by the N.C.C. met with general accep­ tance and appreciation. Weeks of Witness were observed in many centres, with 'great interest manifested' and 'large numbers of volun­ teers participating'. This participation of volunteers is noted with spiritual glee by many of our correspondents. At one church during the ten days of Christmas holidays 'all who could sing and walk took part in witness'. The Bombay M.E. Church Conference organized an evangelistic month with encouraging results, and a very successful 'relatives week' was carried through by the Australian Churches of Christ Mission at all their stations. As a result of this twenty-si'l 8

young men professed faith in Christ. The American Marathi Mission organized teams to carry thE} meaning and plans of the Forward Move­ ment to the congregations. This was done to good purpose. Our Marathi friends have found the pledge cards issued by the N.C.C. of great service. In a surprising way they have helped to link up the lay forces of the Church with the task of evangelization. 'The Bible Institutes, held in central' stations, lastip.g for one month or two months, have proved, over a period of years, to be one of the most effective ways of giving thorough training to volun· teer leaders from the villages, as well as fuller instruction to younger Christians. The American Presbyterian Mission has made much use of this method. In one Bible Institute the emphasis was on train­ ing village leaders for leading Christian worship. This is in line with the recent recommendations of the Fellowship of Counsel of the N.C.C., where the giving up of idolatrous forms of worship and participating in Christian worship is set forth as "the first step in repentance and faith". Various courses are being used for training catechumens. In Satara, along with the training courses are being used tabulated record sheets. On these are kept careful record of the progress in the Christian Life and Knowledge. We commend this to all who are training catechumens. The teaching of adult illiterates to read by the simplified methods. has quickly brought a large number of Christians to the place where they can read the Bible for themselves. This has been a joyous experience to these men. It has also been a great acceleration to the dissemination of Bible truth. One mission has devoted much attention to the teaching of children, and finds it a needy and a very rewardin~ field of service. A way one station is meeting the challenge of the Depressed Classes in their present search, is by having small groups of their leaders for short week-end classes for teaching them all phases of the Chris­ tian truth, as well as bringing them into social contlllCt and worship in the church. The interest thus aroused in the group itself, as well as the reaction of caste Hindus far and wide, against it, far surpassed expectation. 'From many quarters we hear the expression of the Deed of more literature for catechumens and developing Christians. For a wider use of the limited number of books available, the plan of having a few small steel ·boxes with a dozen books on a variety of subjects in each, cireulated in a series of villages, a month at each village, has been found effective.'

Gujarat Most of the .churches in the area observed the seven weeks of preparation, January 2 to February 23. Reports from missions and churches 'indicates a new eagerness to hear the Gospel on the part of all classes and the Weeks of Witness have been an unmixed blessing to every church which has reported'. The following statistics are interesting, and it is encouraging to note that vounteers outnnmber the paid workers.

8tatistioal Report of the Two Weeks oj Witness Churches ,(Denominations) 4 Groups 257 Paid Workers 732 Volunteers 2,989 Villages 2,376 Meetings 7,989 Hearers 315,955 Inquirers 744 9

A new song book, Bhajanamala, prepared jointly by the Evange­ listic Committee and the Tract Society was an attraction. This Com­ mittee also refers to the important place that melas play in the work of evangelism. Pilgrims both listen willingly to the Gospel and buy literature. At J alalpur the young people took the leiLd in witnessing at Rajkot, women spoke for Christ in the durbars of the rulers; at Vyara, the students of the rural church school toured and witnessed in the villages for three months. Newspaper evangelism and literature have their place in the work. One of the leading Bombay Gujarati daily papers is publishing a series of articles on 'Communism and the Christian Answer-The King­ dom of God' . Libraries and reading rooms have been opened at several centres by the C.B. and I.P. churches. These places give opportunities for discussion groups and personal witnessing. In one case, the room is used for lantern meetings for Hindus, Muhammadans and Parsees. In view of these opportunities in Bombay and Gujarat the Com­ mittees recommend (1) the continuing of the methods already found so fruitful; (2) the provision of vital Christian worship for every group of village Christians; (3) the enro1ling of every member of the Church through pledge cards for some form of voluntary service. Finally they press these important Resolutions. the former made by the Marathi and the latter by the Gujarati Committee;- (1) 'To place clearly before all the depressed class neople within reach the invitation of Christ. and assure them that the Church is ready to receive them on Christ's own terms. (2) 'That the churches assist in every possible way the depressed classes in their great struggle to free thflmselves from their bonds and to come into the glorious freedom of Christ.'

Burma There are signs that the Holv Spirit is at work in Burma. In one field we are told that the faithful witness of one believer. throughout manv veal'S, is now bearing fruit in the quickened interest shown in the villages. Recently visiting this district. t.he missionary found some who listened attentively, and it is hoped that one yonng man mav soon be bantized. At one place in another district fourteen have been bantizeo and more are near the Kingdom. An ordained weacher renortc; twentv-eight baptisms in two viIla~es, another fifteen in one village and thirteen in another. This is the work of God. but the human agents are the nreachers and Bible-women, nnpils from the Bible train­ jna schools and week-end workerR in the villages. The dailv vocation Bible s('hools. workers' studv clasRes and other methods all help to prepare the ground and sow the seed. Here are two gleanings from the Church of England Newspaper;­ (1) 'The Change was in the Man.-A Karen priest had been doing steady work 1for some years. I am sure that he had been a aood inflnence and he was carrying a heavy burden of responsibilitv. But, as he himself would now say, that was not good enough. He lately presented over forty candidates for Confirmation. He had said to them that if any liked to come to him for private interviews he would be glad. Previously it had been his custom so to do but none came. This time all or nearly all came and brought out their deepest troubles and failures and made a new and real surrender to Christ. The invitation to come was the same. The change was in the man himself; and the ch.ange was not from a bad into a good man, but from a good into a converted man.' 10

(2) 'Out in the Jungle.-Out in the jungle there is a large group of people sitting on the ground. It is evening and the place is dimly lighted by lamps. There are perhaps seventy or eighty people watching a remarkable sight. A young married woman is witness­ ing. She was brought up a heathen and illiterate. Not only is she speaking but what she is saying is evidently concerning a deep and r~al experience. She is speaking. in an unhurried, unselfconscious way. She has finished. She sits down and we marvel. Here is miracle. Knowing the shyness of the people, that she should ever rise to speak or could be so God-'Controlled and orderly in thought and speech-this is surprising. Others witnessed that night and helped me to realize the potentiality of these converted liv~s and their effectiveness in winning Burma for Christ.'

Ceylon A brief report from Ceylon reads: 'The idea of a United Forward Movement in Evangelism was adopted by the various denominations affiliated to the Christian Council in Ceylon in the latter part of 1935. A Joint Interdenominational Board was set up, the members being appointed by their respective Churches. Plans were made for a seven weeks' period of preparation. Pamphlets supplied by the N.C.C. in English and Tamil for the work of preparation were translated into Sinhalese. Questionnaires on the pamphlets were also published to help in their adaptation to the needs of Ceylon. 'It was decided that the actual working out of the programme of the Movement must be left to each denomination separately, while the Board confined itself to the suggesting of the broad lines alone: which the work should go. Conferences of ministers and other Church workers were held to explain the plan which was beine: put forward. It was found impossible to launch the Preparation Period simulta­ neously. The pamphlets which had been issued were used as the basis of work for Study Groups, and also for courses of sermons. Later it was found advisable to issue a series of daily Bible read­ ings, with notes, on the same subjects as the pamphlets. Conferences and Missionary Rallies have also been held in some of the larger centres, and arrangements are being made for a united open-air service of witness in the near future. 'It will be seen that our work so far has been almost entirely preparatory work within the Church. Very little direct evangelistic work among non-Christians has grown out of the Movement yet, but there are indications that the conscience of the Church as a whole in Ceylon is being roused to its fuller responsibilities.' Ceylon is also venturing on a series of 'Tracts for the Times'­ leaflets dealing with popular objections to Christian Missions and the Essentials of the Christian Faith. This is well worth doing.

Madras It will be remembered ,that the Rev. S. S. Clarke of Zion Church, Madras, was released for two months to give special service in con­ nection with the Forward Movement. From his report as Convener of the Committee on Evangelism for the Madras R.C.C. we quote: (1) Madras City.-A strong central committee, representing a num­ ber of churches and missions as well as the Y.M.C.A., Salvation Army and the S.C.M. meet every month for prayer, counsel and united planning. During the Week of Witness (January 19-25), 75,000 salutations in the vernaculars and in English were printed and 11 distributed by lay volunteers in non-Ch7istian ~omes. They we:e cordially received in many homes. Pubhc meetmgs wer.e h:ld m different parts of the city, at which strong I:'ersonal testunomes. on 'What Jesus Christ has meant for me' were gIven. Valuable artICles found a place that week in our local dailies. 'In January, the Annual Retreat for Women was held. for ~ou.r days at Ennore, when eighty women atte?ded. It resulted m sturmg up greater interest in evangelistic work m Madras. '(2) Tanjore and Trichy.-An evangelistic c'ampaign was held at Karunagarapuri from May 20-31. All three Churches (Lutheran, S.P.G. and S.I.U.C.) co-operated and two united Holy Communion Services were held. Bishop Pakenham-Walsh conducted a Retreat for three days which was followed by a campaign. It ended on Whit­ sunday with a candle-lighting service in which many dedicated them­ selves afresh to Christ. '(3) Banqalore and M1I8ore.-In Bangalore, the Methodist and S.I.U.C. Kanarese Christians met in groups to prepare themselves for the evangelistic campaign. At the beginning of last December a Week of Witness was observed when many took part. At Tnmkur the Week of Evangelism was held from March 22-29 when those who gave witness or preached were laymen and women­ a move in the right direction. For the first time the women of the Church came forward cheerfully and went in groups to bear witness in the villages and schools. As a result of this campaign at Tumkur some of the young men of the church have banded themselves. to­ gether with the definite object of bearing witness to Christ. All the churches in the Kanarese area are responding to the Call issued by the N.C.C. '(4) North Travancore and Cochin.-The Week of Evangelism 'was observed in this area from September 8-15. The awakening of the Ezhavas of the Malayalam area has opened a wide door for evange­ listic work. The total population of the community is about 900,000. Efforts are being made to take advantage of this unique opportunity offered to the Christian Church in Travancore by the present situation. Voluntary workers are given special training for short periods and are sent out to work at different centres under the leadership of the Anglican and Mar Thoma Churches. Paid workers are appointed at certain strategic centres. New leaflets are being prepared for free distribution. Articles on religions topics are published at intervals in the vernacular newspapers. A Retreat Conference for the Ezhava leaden; and an equal number of Christians was held last April for three days, when about twenty leaders of the non-Christian community, including among them graduates and lawyers, were present and took part. At two or three centres, groups have been baptized after due preparation and careful instruction. A great awakening is taking place in this area. '(5) Chittonr: N. and S. Arcot.-The seven weeks of preparation were generallv carried out. This has been followed by a week of evangelism. Pledge cards have been widely used. One of the notable results was the participation of young men and women who had not done that service before. '(6) South Travancore.-A new spirit has been awakened in the churches through the Call from the N.C.C. A few of them have begun to do intensive evangelistic work within their areas, but the year under report was unusually bad financially owing to the failure of rains for two years and an epidemic of a severe type of malaria. I (7) Salem, Erode and Coimbatore.-A united Evangelistic Retreat for mission workers and lay members of all the three districts was held at Erode on March 3 and 4. A representative gathering includ­ ing pastors, teachers, lay mElmbers (both men and women) during 12

two days considered the subject of "Witness". A number of very helpful and practical addresses were given by local leaders.' Rev. Clarke concludes-' Our next step should be a call to a deeper prayer lif~ and consecrated service.' It must be so. In the Diocese oj Tinnevelly-which is working in conjunction with the M.R.C.C.-a general appeal issued by the N.C.C. was sent to the clergy and each area expected to arrange its seven weeks of prepa· rations leading up to a Week of Witness. The Diocesan itinerancy has been working in four groups, three in the north where nearly the whole area (some 3,000 square miles) has been visited. All groups report there is no opposition to the preaching of the Gospel-'in many places the people have listened with interest, and a considerable num­ ber have asked for further instruction'. The following up of this work is the difficulty and there is a need for 'men of sufficient experience to do the work wisely, but young enough to endure a good deal of hardship, and willing to live in poor circumstances among people very few of whom may really have any desire for the Gospel and who may in the end prove entirely unfruitful soil'. Evangelists are preparing about one hundred people for baptism in one district. There are signs of a mass movement in Kilakarai Circle.

Mid-India The Mid-India Council has been alive to the situation and, in a spirit of prayer and expectation, has· been preparing the way for some years past. The Mass Movement Committee, under the Chairmanship of Dr. D. A. McGavran, has for long been engaged on a programme of strenuous activity, helped by its Bulletin. A survey of certain areas was carried out, under Bishop Pickett, which brought to light small mass movements, and greatly stirred churches and mission stations. Retreats have been held and Christian leaders gathered in conference in different areas to consider the situation and think out plans. The awakening and enlisting the support of the Churches has been an important factor of the work. Melas serve to make known God's working and spread the flame-the Madkhughat mela, at which reports of Dr. Pickett's survev were examined, difficulties discussed and inspiration gathered. being one. The Executive Committee arranged for six teams of Indians and Europeans to visit the churches untouched by the survey for giving information of the movement and for dedica· tion. Mid-India js a widespread area and it is a far cry to Rajputana. Yet one of these teams consisting of Dr. Russell and Mr. Hodge, was able to visit Aimer and tell not only of happenings at home but of the Five-Year Plan of Evangelism for India, with the result that interest has been quickened and the workers stirred to renewed en­ deavour. This scheme of intervisitation by teams bolds great promise for the future of evangelism. Mr. Moyer reports:- 'A new power is pulsating througbout the Mid-India area, clarify­ ing vision, purifying and strengthening the churches, accelerating the rate of ingathering, and gladdening the hearts of God's people. A very definite work has been done towards bringing about an evangelistic awakening in a new way throughout the area. 'There are at present movements on foot among at least six different castes, which if they have not yet assumed the dimensions of mighty mass movements, certainly can be considered most favour­ able beginnings. These are to be found amongst the Bbils, Balahais, Mebrahs, Garras, Gonds, Sweepers.' To tbese must now be added the Mahars. 'From Chhatisgarh comes an illustration of one of these move­ ments in a caste whose representa.tives a.re reached by a string ·of 13

four different llllSSlOn stations. Three of these stations report an ingathering such as has not existed for years. In one place 197 were baptized ill :February. Inquiries have never been so numerous. At another station, dunng the six months previous to June, about 200 were added_ to the Ohurch, with another 2,000 carefully considering the matter.' 'In the western portion of the area, the situation is even more encouraging. Two years ago there was nothing to report from a certain station of a Oanadian Mission. Then, during 1935, three hundred people were baptized. In the rural sections of a station of the Metho­ dist Episcopal Ohurch a layman began to testify. He ,vas poor and illiterate. Folk began to ask for baptism. Three hundred were baptized in 1934, four hundred in 1935, with an increasing number in 1936. In another place there the movement had so progressed that they were baptizing twenty-five a week; within two weeks after the visit qf the Survey Party they reported that they could baptize a hundred a week, if they wished. Among the Bhils alone, there are five known Mass Movement areas where groups of people are joining the Christian Church. Among the Balahais the entire caste appears to be distinctly approachable. 'The above is sufficient to illustrate the new awakening throughout Mid-India. Repeatedly the discovery is made· that wherever earnest work is done, there the Gospel finds ready acceptance, and ingather­ ing occurs. The field appears to be unexpectedly ripe. The movements thus far are small. But they are growing, and seem to possess such unexpected vitality that men exclaim, "Surely God is in this­ and I knew it not··.· The following extract is interesting as indicating an awakening among the Mahars:- 'In Ohanda a group f110m the Mahar community have sought admission to the Church and wish to form a Christian community. They appeared suddenly and unexpectedly at a confirmation service­ "To our astonishment, some fifty-four candidates thronged the church, from six villages nearby, asking to be admitted. They stood up village by village, men and women, and made their promises and profession, and were admitted to the catechumenate by th6 Bishop. The scene was an unforgettable one. Along all one side of th~ church were ranged the men in their working ~lothes, and on the other, women and some of the congregation, with a band of newly confirmed girls in their white blouses and sarees. In the m,iddle was the Bishop in his scarlet robes, supported by the missionaries and Indian clergy in their robes, and one by one the candidates came and knelt before him." About a week later a furth!'lr fifty-one persons were made catechumens.' This is the outcome of long and faithful seed-sowing by the Episcopal Church of Scotland Mission. The Punjab This province is as keen as the other provinces; but the report we were expecting has been unavoidably delayed. An important sug­ gestion made by Mr. Rallia Ram is for 'the National Christian Council to send teams of two or three people to visit some of the large cities and towns of India for the dual purpose of evangelistic addresses amongst non-Christians and for arousing the Ohurches to their duty.'

United Provinces An Evangelistic Week was held at Allahabad in ,Tuly, one very encouraging feature of which was that the sale of Bibles and Bible 14

portions was almost double that of previous years, although only five more reports were receIved. :li'ive .clibles, 'ri New Testaments and. 15,248 Gospel portions in all were sold. The Conv~ner writes: 'The reports that have come are very encouraging. Great efforts were made at various places to make a real W~ek of Witness. Several reports mention seven weeks of preparation and also public meetings WIth outside speakers, for non-(;nnstians. 'l'h~ r~sponse of the laIty to the Call was quite encouraging. One great thing for thankfulness is that tnere was no OppOSItIon. l'eopl~ heard tue messages WIth lllter~st and th~ crowds also were bigger thIs year.' 'fhe Hegional Conference held in l.Jucknow in February issued a statement on the present evangelistic opportunities in the l'rovince . .H.~cognizing that a great number of the depressed .classes were turning to Cmist, and disturbed at the lack of preparation of the Church, the Conference recommended ,that 'immediate attention be given solemnly and prayerfully by the Governing Bodies of churches and missions and their responsible administrators, to ways and means of meeting our responsibilIties.' Methods commended included the follo'''­ ing-prayer, removal of class distinctions, establishm~nt of contact with leaders of the depressed classes, study of social and economic conditions, promotion of literacy and the establishment of short ~urses of instruc­ tion for selected mtln and women of the depressed classes. The Ashram at Lucknow, under the leadership of Dr. Stanley Jones and the Rev. Holmes Smith together with a band of devoted workers is labouring incessantly in the cause of the depressed classes. By the publication of literature, by a plan for the evangelism of depressed class leaders by post, and by uniting Christian workers interested in the situation, the Ashram is r~ndering yeoman service. • An Open Door: Many Adveraa~ies' This is well illustrated in the case of Benares, the central citadel of Hinduism. From our friend the Rev. R. C. Das we hear of 'the impenetrable orthodoxy of the religious with hearts shut up, minds closed and will adamant, the antagonism of the Sanatani and aggressive­ ness of the Arya Samajist, the tendency of the Hindu to look on all religions as equally good, th~ deadening effect of idolatry': all these make stony ground for the Christian worker. Then there are the students,-to a large extent irreligious and ear,th-centred. Immorality is widespread. The illiteracy of the pilgrims is appalling. But there are gleams of hope. There is an ~vident spiritual hunger which has led many to seek for Christian instruction. The Bible and New Testa­ ment are being studied by many of the young. The following stories cannot but move us to praise and prayer:- 'An Indian Christian lady got into touch with a family, twenty miles from Benares. When they came to know of Christ's power the whole family have had deliverances and healings in His name. 'A young Brahmin from Andhra Desh, who had spoilt his educa­ tional career by doing Congress work, came to Benares with his father to learn Sanskrit and turn a sannyasi. He was with me for two years after which he was baptized in the Methodist Church. He has grown in Christian tlxperience and gone about witnessing in the city in his own independent and quiet way.' . A secret Christian sannyasi spent Christmas on a lonely ghat in prayer, meditation and thanksgiving. He gladly received a gift of a few books. He went off to N epa!. ' 'One morning as I was selling Gospels near the Golden Temple, an astrologer took me into his room. He said he had no peace or strength in his soul. How could he know God? he ask~d. I had the privilege of spending the whole morning with him expla.ining the good news of Christ's off~r of salvation.' 15

. A man who belongs to a mutt (religious institution) in Bengal came to Benares for a f~w months. He used to attend our meetings and Bible classes very regularly. Gradually he was so changed, and, I believe, converted, that he said when going back that with the light that he now had within him he would go and light oth~r lamps in his ashram.' 'An elderly Hindustani man from Ayodhya-another pilgrim centre -has been to me a number of times. Every time I have been con­ vinced of his sincere reverence for Christ. lie has grasped the unique purity and love of Jesus. He has been giving his simple testimony wherever he goes and has stood by me on the streets boldly declaring his faith in Jesus Christ.' Our Manifold Witness (1) The Witness oj the Mission Hospital.-Medical work has a unique opportunity of introducing the sick and needy to the Great Physician. In mission hospitals and dispensaries the service of mercy and healing prepares the hearts of the sufferers and leads up to quiet talks, Sunday services, distrib~tion of the scriptures and the word in season by doctor or nurse. At the Landour Medical Conference of June last, illuminating accounts were given of some: of the ways of medical co-operation in witness. In "\-Vestern IndIa, evangelists and doctors often work in the villages together, f.ol~ ten years an itinerant doctor, in addition to the care .of the sick in the villages, gave health lectures and Gospel messages, with lantern slides. In. a l'unjab district, for the past fifteen years, during the camping season, a building is arranged as a temporary hospital, and evangelist and doctor work together for two or tlnee: weeks-one hundred or more patients hearing the Gospel daily. Groups of Christian and village churches have reSUlted. In some cases tht:\ doctor takes over the statIOn work when the evangelists are out in the villages, and medical workers give lantern lectures at melas. A lady doctor from Nasik, who in the winter Uavels and lives in a motor bus, said that the worst diseases are seen in the villages but that the spiritual darkness was still more terrible, and the workers minister to body and soul, pI'eaching, teaching and healing. In a rural district in Mid-India, an Indian doctor is doing a fine work, and, as the roads are g'Ood, he is able to reach 25,000 people. One doctor, speaking in th~ Conference, said:- 'The doctor desires that patients hear the Gospel, and preaches himself. This is what all the doctors should do-desire: to preach the Gospel themselves. For if Christ is all to me then through the help of the Holy Ghost I must preach. In a moment we can testify even though very busy.' The Mission Hospital at Srinagar has a thrilling story to tell of work during the last seventy years. W~ can but touch briefly on it: When the late Robert Clark, missionary statesman, visited Kashmir in 1854, with the object of establishing mission work,. the Maharaja received him with friendliness. 'My subjects,' he said, 'are very bad. I am sure that no one can do them any harm. I am rather curious to see whether the po.dre sahibs can do them any good.' Ten years la~er the mission was started and then followed a long period of opposition, which included mob violence. Five years after this oppo­ sition was overcome, and here is t.he significant point, 'this was largely due to the work of Dr. Elmslie, the first medical missionary.' From its inception the: mission has realized that the first need of this fair land is a spiritual one, and the medical w.ork-as also the work .of that great boys' school-are carried on with the aim cf 'Not only the rendering of service, but also witness.' 18

.!n a ~our of Baltistan by two doctors and a hospital assistant, whIch entailed some two months of travelling by motor ,pony and on foot, of crossing the Zoji La and another pass of nearly 16,000 feet, of navigating the Indus River, of journeying over hot sands and hard rocks, the party travelled over 400 miles, saw over 2,000 patients, did 190 operations, major and minor, and 'preached the Gospel in about a dozen different villag~s.' (2) Newspaper Evangelism.-The Lucknow Ashram gives an im­ portant place in its activities to this work and the following account from the Rev. J. Holmes Smith will be read with interest:- 'Recent experiences in this field have been rewarding beyond our expectations. We have had not a single protest from anybody. On the contrary, we have received many moving letters of appreciation. One recently received from a Hindu reader commends us in adopting such an inoffensive means for placing the Good News of Christ before the people of India We have had most encouraging responses from readers of The Hindu of Madras. This paper has doubtless the largest circulation among Indians of any Newspaper published in this land. It is estimated, at a conservative figure, that its readers number at least one hundred thousand. 'In our first series we included articles on subjects as, "Good News", "The Non-Partisan Jesus", "Spiritual Disarmament", "Lost in the Jungle", "New Lives for Old", ,. J eSllS, Maker of Men", "Victory in Sexual Purity", "Courage to Face the Issue". Our second series composed mostly of short articles by Dr. Stanley Jones, has elicited great commendation from a very large number of readers. We have had as many as twenty-eight responses in a single day. These are in r~sponse to the invitation at the close of each article to write to us for helpful free literature or for the sharing of personal spiritual problems. These problems are sometimes shared at length. For example, I have before me now the pleasant task of trying to answer points raised in an eighteen-page letter. The writer has put forward some of the keenest and most challenging questions. 'vVhat will be the ultimat~ outcome of the Gospel seed which is thus being broadcast, who can ten? But the responses indicate that when Mr. Hodge and others of our leaders tell us that we, as Christian workers in India, have the privileg~ of being in the midst of one of the greatest awakenings of the human spirit by the Spirit of the Living God, they are true discerners of the signs of the times.' We also record with thankfulness that in connection with Weeks of Witness in some cities, notably Madras, the secular press has welcomed Christian •copy' . (3) The Witness to Islam.-Mission work in India owes a debt to the Henry Martyn School, Lahore, for the help it gives both in a right understanding of the problems of this work and their solution. By eontinual study of the situation, literature and the training of missionaries in this field, the Christian forces are kept abreast of current happenings in the Mosl~m world, of which there .are more than ·seventy-eight million adherents in India. (4) The Witness of the Printed Page.-It is obvious that greater use must be made of Christian literatur~ and there is .a clear call to all who can write to produce readable matter with a Gospel edge. Equally clear is the call to take up more seriously the task of distri­ bution. The Week of Witness is an admirabl~ opportunity to do this. Without the effective co-operation of the Bible Societies and Christian Literature Societies, always gladly given, the cause of evangelism would SOOll languish. The noble witness of the British and Foreign Bible So~iety ~ntinues and e~tends. From the reports of the Bombay, 17

Oalcutta and Madras Auxiliaries we learn-to take a few examples only -that new editions of the Bengali Bibl~ and of the Persian Urdu Bible have been produced; the revised Gara Bible and the :first edition of the revised version of the Tamil Bib~ are being published; translation work is being carried on in the Abor, Miri and Xui languages; the Gospel of St. Matthew was issued in 1935 for .the first time for the Lhoto Nagas: During the same year the following Scriptures were pub­ lished: in Marathi, St. Mark. St. Luke and St. John-50,000 of each; in Roman Konkani, St. John-5,OOO, a total of 155,000 volumes. The drculation of the Scriptures in South India in 1935 shows an advance of over 8,000 copies on the previous year and the sales were in twenty different languages. By means of colport~ur, the Society's motor caravan, church and mission the distribution of the previous volumes goes steadily on. To Sum Up What is recorded in these pages is but a small part of the increas· ing volume of testimony that comes within our ken. It should beget both prayer and praise. The Spirit of God is at work and it is our privilege to be workers with Him. These things are clear:- (1) The Church is realizing afresh .that the glorious Gospel of the blessed God has been committed to her trust. (2) The lay forces of the Church are coming steadily into action. (3) Evangelism is accepted as the primary concern of every branch of the Christian enterprise. Some of the most striking illustrations of evangelistic effort come from schools and hospitals. (4) The '\Veek of Witness', preceded by serious preparation, has come to stay. It has made co-operation possible and indispensable. It has also been the means under God of restoring many lapsed families to the fellowship of the Church-a most important service. (5) The need of good Christian literature is felt everywhere. Distri­ bution must be expedited. (6) Significant as is the Ambedkar revolt, of even greater signi­ ficance is the movement among the Bhils, Ezhavas, Balahis and other communities. We must watch with friendly eyes the movings of the group. Systematic instruction of inquirers must be maintained. (7) There is a new spirit of expectancy abroad, and a new zest for corporate prayer. (8) There can be but one adequate motive in Evangelism-'the love of Christ constraineth me'-but the methods may be many. For example, Bible Weeks, Book Weeks and Relative Weeks have come hopefully into the scheme of things. So also has Newspaper Evan­ gelism and Evangelism by pictures. Inter-visitation by carefully selected teams has proved a great success. Pledge cards have met "with .a surprisingly cordial reception. Personal witness is still the most effective method. (9) While spiritual unreadiness is a bar, it is not an insuperable bal" to a Forward Movement. In going out to save others the Church saves herself and finds the grace she needs. (10) The succours of the Gospel must be carried to all who are in need, irrespective .of caste, creed or colour. The time is ripe for a C()ncerted Christian attack on illiteracy . . (11) 'We m,ust not forget the Enemy.' . The qpen door brings with it many adversaries. . (12) The Forward Movement is just beginning. The Holy Spirit is leading His people op and as they co·operate witli "Him .the next step becomes clea.r. In this co-operation they discover afresh their essential unity. 2 18

The Report of the Conference on Mass Movements is as follows :---:

CONFERENCE ON MASS MOVEMENT HELD UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL IN NAGPUR ON DECEMBER 3 AND 4, 1936. The Bishop of Dornakal, Chairman of the National Christian Coun<..:il, presided and 45 delegates, representative of all the Indian Provinces, were present. The visitors included Dr. J. R. Mott, Chairman of the International Missionary Council, and the Rev. Alexander McLeish of World Domi­ nion, London. The Chairman explained that the Conference had been called to give and take counsel with a view to reaching a common mind on some of the important issues raised by the recent Mass Movement Study under the direction of Bishop J. W. Pickett, with special refer­ ence to the present widespread unrest among the 'depressed classes' and the progress of the Forward Movement in Evangelism inaugurated by the N.C.C. The conviction that the Spirit of God is moving Oll the face of many waters made the occasion one of great solemnity and called for united purpose. The common mind would lead to com­ mon action: to this end the issues had to be frankly and fearlessly faced. It was agreed that the Conference should be regarded as prepa· ratory to the Biennial Meeting of the National Christian Council to be held at the end of the year and that the views expressed should be recorded with a view to serving as a guide to decisive action by the Council. It was therefore remitted to the ,Chairman, Bishop Pickett and Mr. Hodge to prepare a report of the Conference for submission to the Biennial Meeting of the N.C.C. 1. The Significance of the Conference Speaking on this subject Dr. Mott recalled the memorable N.C.C. Madras Meeting of 1928, when he shared the decision of the Council to inaugurate the Mass Movement Study. To Bishop Pickett, who had carried through the study with distinction, he paid a well deserved tribute and spoke of the influential contribution his book Christian Mass Movements in India had made to missionary strategy. In the judgment of Dr. Mott we were facing a veritable 'Day of God'. Ex­ pectation is rising, interest increasing, faith and spiritual vitality are gathering strength, the Father is brooding over His family. 'If I knew no more than I have seen at the beginning of this Conference I should be constrained to believe in mass movements.' The times so propitious, are also dangerous. They call for skilled pilots who know the rocks and the cross currents and, above all, the port to which they journey. There is a danger lest our good works be misjudged and our motives confused with political. communal and economic ends; that we seem. to many to be making a bid for the support of certain communities; we need to be on our guard against unwise pUblicity, precipitate action and the uninstructed use of money. It is possible we may fail to integrate this mass movement work with the life and work of the Indian Church. Evangelism is far more than this particular expression of it. In this day of open doors, to share burdens" hopes and plans is our bounden duty. This Conference has a significance that reaches beyond India. To make, Christ kn~wn; obeyed and' loved is the primary task of the Church everywhere, and the 'way these new occa­ sions in Iridia are apprehended 1:.>y the Christian forces with that supreme ena in . view will give inspiration and guidance to· the Churches of other la.nds: Opportunity and peril demand an authentic lead in vitally I'ractical matters as expansion, the conservation and right .~mploymeut 19

of available resources, and such modification of plans as is likely to lead to a liberation of forces both in material and spiritual thmgs. Where there are so many conflicting voices, we look to the N.C.C. for a clear call. Criticism is to be expected and welcomed: it will keep us humble. The difficulties that confmnt us can by the grace of God become our salvation if we face them in a constructive way. Wisdom lies in taking advantage of a rising spiritual tide such as faces us now. 2. The Mass Movement Study in the Andhra Country Bishop Pickett made an informing statement on the situation in the Andhra country where, largely influenced by the changed lives of Christians from the depressed classes, caste Hindus are turning in large numbers to the Christian Faith. Here, as in his earlier study, Bishop Pickett was able to affirm the validity of mass movements and remind the Conference that by way of the group Christ finds readiest entrance to the heart of India. He pointed out the menace of the caste spirit, and entered a strong plea for closer co-operation amoD;g the Christian forces, a worthier observance of Christian worship and a more adequate Indian ministry. 3. The Larger Evangelism. Mr. Hodge reported briefly on the progress of the Forward Move­ ment in Evangelism. The N.C.C. had held from the outset that in this regard the Church was the central and permanent factor-Evan· gelism must be Church centred-and he was able to report a growing sense of obligation on the part of the Churches generally. Initiative had followed this new sellse of obligation. These things were noted:- The lay forces of the Church are coming steadily and helpfully into action; in the various activities of the Christian enterprise the evangelistic purpose is receiving primacy; the 'Week of Witness' has come to stay; the production and distribution of Christian literature has been expedited, but much more remains to be done; the new occasions are teaching new methods-Bible weeks, Book weeks and Relatives week have proved fruitful; a new spirit of expectancy is abroad and a new zest for corporate prayer; inter-mission and inter-Church visitation has been employed to good purpose; in going out to save others the Church is saving herself. Mass movements have an assured place in the larger Evangelism. The need of the hour is spiritual sensitiveness: 'the Spirit of God is on the march' and the Church must keep step. The open door means many adversaries: 'we must not forget the enemy'. 4. An· Array oj Facts Following upon the reports made by Bishop Pickett and Mr. Hodge the Conferel

Christ~an leaders are aliv~ to the situation and working in happy co. operatIOn. The need for workers, particularly resident teachers, is acute. The Bhils.-The Bhils, an aboriginal people who number roughly 500,000 and are found mainly in C~ntral India, are moving towards Christianity. They are remarkable for their independent character and high standard of morality. So many are asking for baptism-l,400 were baptized in 1935-that the United Church of Canada Mission finds it hard to cope with the situation. Mindful of the lessons of the Mass Movement Stlldy, the inquirers are encouraged to come in families and villages. The need for more workers is urgent. An interesting deve· lopment recorded was the formation of a Council of workers whose fields lie in the Bhil country. This gives promise of united planning. In Mid-India.-In a graphic survey Dr. McGavran endeavoured to answer the question-'Why does not the Church in Mid·India grow?' Progress is fragmentary: in three -areas the Church is growing, else­ where it barely holds its own. 'The survey occupied 38 days and covered 9 areas. It illustrates what can be done co-operatively by a Provincial Council 'within a comparatively short time. The beginnings of several hopeful movements were traced and a 'foundation laid' for further study. Hope reborn by the acceptance of the mass movement idea was the central lesson of the survey. These Reports were of necessity 'Helective rather than comprehen­ sive. Had time allowed they ·could have been duplicated frOID many other areas. 5. Discussion and Planning THE ATTITUDE OF THE CHURCH Under a dt~ep sense of solemnity the Conference passed on to con­ -sider some of the important issues inherent in the present situation with a view to reaching a common mind and thereby making common action possible. Primacy \ya's given to 'The Attitude of the Church in India'. A right underHtanding h~re was accepted as fundamental and the discussion called forth an informed, comprehensive and diversified expression of opinion, marked throughout by Christian can dour and a common desire to know and obey the mind of Christ. We can only note the salient points, taking them in the order in which they were made. The responsibility for meeting the present challenge rests primarily on the Indian Church; it sounds a dear 'call to Church Union; here is something that should appeal to the ardoursof Christian youth; , there must. be a l'eadiness to welcome new disciples; care must be exercised in discriminating betw~en appeal!> that seek material advantage and those inspired by spiritual motives; the open door is not confined to the depressed classes-it includes the caste people, educated classes aI,ld students; , , . there is no occasion for a declaratIOn of \yar agamst other relIgIons; efforts by Hindu reformers and others to remove untouchability and improve the lot of the depressed classes generally should be commended and encouraged; the Church is the visible body of Christ, and His example must determine the action of His. disciples: He invited all to come to Rim irrespective of poverty, illiteracy or any other disability~ and His Church must do the same; the Church \vill saVe her life by losing it; since our own motives have often been mixed we must not too readily judge the motives of others; tlie present situation is a challenge and 'an opportunity: we must be mindful of the importance of shepherding the new flocks; '21

there must, be no compromise in religious matters; there is a, call to the city Church to interest itself in the rural Church and to the Christian college to provide leadership; the Christian Message must be clear cut; the people we seek' to help are likely to become the storm centre of future agitations: we ,need to be careful therefore lest any action taken now make their position :wore difticult; the new Christians, must themselves be witnesses; it was once said, 'Christianity is not 'true' , it was later said, 'Christianity is not new': it is now said. 'Christianity is not you': the occasion demands a more convincing Christian witness alike in individuals and community; guidance is needed: the N.C.C. should have on its staff someone who has had intimate experience of mass moyements; the co-'Operation of the Student Christian Moyement should be sought; the all-important thing is to seek and follow the mind of Christ: His command is to make disciples and discipleship calls for truth in the inward parts, it means taking up the cross: the time has come for a serious review of the implications of com­ munal representation and an emphatic repudiation on the part of the Christian forces that in responding to the cry of the untouchables they are seeking political power, or a mere numerical increase; doubt was expressed as to the readiness of the Christian Church to welcome the depressed classes to its fellowship, and one speaker entered an earnest plea for self-examination in this regard. To sum up:- The facts are indubitable. 'An ODen door and effectual', widening ont to all da,sses. faces the Church in India. Loyalty to the commission of net' Lord compels her to accept the challenge. There are many adversaries, and the Church, to be wise in winning souls, will be alive to them: but they must not deflect her from her purpose. Missions must rally to the help of the Churches and strengthen them in every possible way to h.,lm up the task of evangelization. Methods must be above reproach. There must be more co-operation. An authentic lead is expocted from the N.C.C., and with a view to a clearer under­ standing of the issue involved and a more unified effort to meet them the Cmmett JS reonflqtpd at its coming Biennial Meeting to formulate an authoritative statement on the larger question of Evangelism, with ~l)eeial reference to mllRR mOYf~ment and the situation among the depressed classes, that will pave the way for eommon action by Churclles and Missions.

6. Some Practical Questions

(1) WHAT CAN BE DONE TO STIMULATE INTEREST AMONG THF.· CHUROHES? These suggestions were made:- Inter-yisitation and the passing on of good news should be more widely employed; Indian leadership should be sought and followed; the needs of the wOl'k in mass movement areas should be made known to city Churches; the co-operation of the Student Outlook should be enlisted and the coming Student Conference in Ra,ngoon was mentioned as an opportunity of bringing this call to Christian students j 22

a way should be ·found through mutual counsel, to establish friendly relations between mass movement workers and the general body of educated Christians; Chureh and Mission must work hand in hand and greater co·ordina­ tion be sought among the various types of activity found within the Christian enterprise; a Central Board for Mass Movement work was suggested, as also extension within India of the Mission of Fellowship; young blood must be introduced and the membership of Provincial Councils might well be increased to ensure this; interest in mass movements might be stimula.ted within the Church by a greater use of vernacular literature, visit to mass movement areas, delegations to churches, carefully planned surveys and the provision of mass movement literature; Churches indifferent or apprehensive regarding mass movements should study their effect in other areas, the contribution they have made to the growth of the Church and the influence they have had in building up Christian character.

(2) HOW TO COMBAT ILLITERACY AND PROVIDE AN ADEQUATE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE

Reference was made to efforts now being made within and without Christian circles to combat illiteracy and the plans being formulated by the N.C.C. It was further reported that Professor Laubach, whose work in .combating illiteracy in the Phillipines is notable, is now in India on a second visit and working in co-operation with the Secretaries of the 1\.C.C. Attention was drawn to the C.L.S. experiment in Shanghai where the use of the basic volume of the Good News as told by St. John has been very successful; the complexity of the problem of illitera.cy was emphasized and the N.C.C. requested to follow up experimentation in every way possible; the need of supplementing new methods of overcoming illiteracy by the provision of village libraries and an adequate supply of vernacular literature was emphasized; it is imperative that provision for Christian Literature should be made in regular mission budgets.

(3) PUBLICITY This subject led to an animated discussion. Some delegates were apprehensive of excessive publicity and pointed out that Christian prestige had already suffered badly in this connection. Others felt that. it was only by the dissemination of news on a wide front both in India and abroad that the significance of the present open doors could be brought home to churches and missions. All were agreed that the news circulated should be authentic, that the situation called for occa­ sional authoritative statements to be issued by the N.C.C.. and for occasional bulletins of a' more popular character. It was sug~ested that the N.C.C. Re'Diew might be used to advantage in the former connection, and that the N.C.C. Bulletin on Evangelism might be issued quarterly instead of half-yearly as at present with a view to giving more space to .. mass movement work. It was strongly urged that responsibility for supplying mission boards in the west with authentic information . on the general situation should rest with the N.C.C. Individual action by missions or missionaries without reference to the N.C.C. was to be deprecated. The need for a mass movement bulletin giving up-to-date news of the Christian movement and written in a popt\lar style was urged. . (4) ADMISSION OF ENQUIRERS INTO THE CHURCH , There was a free exchange of experience rgarding instruction before and after baptism, the practice of Christian worship and the maintenance of discipline; but the time was inadequate for a full discussion. Having regard to the vital importance of these issues, the officers of the N.C.C. were requested to call a small conference in the near future to consider these matters. Such a conference, it was thought, might be held towards the end of January. Dr. Mott's Summing up. Speaking with deep feeling as the Conference drew to a close, Dr. Mott said:- These have been two memorable days. We face a unique oppor­ tunity to make Christ known and obeyed. The primary responsibility, initiative and right ordering of this effort rests with the Indian Church and it is to her we must look for the shaping of policies. While the N.C.C. should continue its invaluable service of guidance, exploration and co-ordination, the burden of responsibility should be shared by Provincial Councils and similar bodies. In order to aug­ ment the directive energies which this great enterprise demands, the N.C.C. must be strengthened. The new occasions are calling the gifts and ardoUl'S of the lay forces and particularly of the younger generation, into action. This is all to the good, and such service should be fostered in every way. The question of calling out and training voluntary workers is urgent. The times demand a realign­ ment of forces and the formation of a true strategy. There must be a unified front. It is ours to realize the visions of the past and conferences, such as this, are specially helpful in this connection. We must count the cost with a view to paying it. Counting the cost lays a charge on time, thought, feeling, will, courage, faith, unity, prayer and attentiveness to the voice of the Living God. Diffi­ culties faced in a constructive way will prove our salvation. The Church in India today holds an enviable and responsible position. She is called to take decisive action that will carry far beyond her 'Own frontiers and the friendly eyes of sister Churches in other countries are turned to her in expectation. We go forth from this Conference with a clearer sense of direction, a greater sense of mission and a deeply satisfying sense of companionship. The Devotional Service led each day by the Rev. J. S. M. Hooper did much to engender and sustain the fine Christian spirit that marked the Conference from beginning to end.

The Chairman reported the action taken by the Executive Committee at its meeting on December I and 2, 1936. He stated that the overwhelming feeling in the Executive was that evangelism, including mass movements, is the task of the whole Church and must be dealt \vith by those in touch with all branches of work rather than by a special Board. The Council endorsed the Resolutions of the Executive which were as follows: I. After full discussion the Executive Committee resolved that it was not desirable to set up a Board on Mass Movements, as had been suggested to them. They, however, direct the officers to arrange for missions of fellowship from leaders on one field to another where the situation calls for such, and to stimulate and 24

counsel Provincial Councils in the work of promoting Evangelism in all its different aspects. 2. That the Fellowship of Counsel on Evangelism be re­ appointed and the members requested to take into their purview Mass Movements also. 3. That Bishop J." W. Pickett and the Rev. Paul Ranga­ ramanujam be appointed in the place of Dr. Stanley Jones and the Rev. H. C. Balasundaram on the Fellowship of Council on Evangelism. 4. That the sub-committee appointed to deal with matters affecting the Secretariat, be requested" to find the most suitable person to be the whole time Secretary in charge of Evangelism and Mass Movements. 5. That, in view of the urgent need that special guidance and inspiration should be given to the task of carrying out the recommendations of the Mass Movement Survey, and the fact that the funds at the disposal of the N.C. C. do not permit the appointment of a full time Secretary for this work at the present time, the Secretariat be asked definitely to distribute the major portion of the work now assigned to the Rev. J. Z. Hodge to the other members of the staff thus to enable him to devote the greater part' of his time to the mass movement work detailed above in addition to his special work of foreign correspondence and general direction as Executive Secretary. 6. That until the financial situation is clear, and more permanent arrangements become possible, the balance in the Mass Movement Fund be used for obtaining and giving such further help as may from time to time be possible to promote this end. After careful consideration it was

RESOLVED: II. That the following statement be adopted by the Council and circulated widely among Churches and Missions in India and among Missions Boards in the West: The Nationsl Christian Council of India, Burma and 'Ceylon at their session held at Nagpur from December 29, 1936 to January 1. 1937 gave prolonged consideration to the widespread religious awakeninlr of the present time in India, and to the obligation this had laid upon the Christian Church. The Council had before them authentic information gathered at a Conference held at Nagpur on December 3 and 4, attend­ ed by forty-five representatives of Churches and Missions from all over India; by a survey of the situation in Mid-India conducted under the auapices of the Mid-India Christian Council; by an objective study begun three years ago of c"aste movements in the Telogu coUntry; and by facti regarding the ~ovelllent ~onl the Ezhl\vu in Travancore, 25

and movemenbin other parts of India includinK the· Tamil country, Central India, the United Provinces, Orissa and Assam. The Council were also helped by the study of Christian Mass Movements conducted under their direction by Dr. (now Bishop) J. W. Pickett and his asaociates during 1930-1938.

These facta furnish convincing evidence that God's Spirit is movinlE many groups of India's people to seek a fuller life and satisfaction for the hunger of their hearb. NeithE'r the Council nor any section of the Church can fail to be moved by so clear a call to service. For more than a century the Church in India has been striving to bring life to the poor and outcaste. The Council repudiate the suggestion that in receiving those who are now seeking a fuller life-, the Church is actuated by any desire to attain political or other advantages by an increase of numbers. The Council are however aware of the dangers inherent in the present situation. They realize that wrong conceptions and wrong interpretations of the facts of the situation are current. They must also express their regret that both in the West and in India publi­ city baa at times been given to these events in ways that have led to unjustifiable fears and expectationa. They are not ignorant of the. fact that mixed motives have entered into the movements that are taking place among certain sections of the people. But they are convinced that there is at the present time genuine spiritual awakening in the heart of India, and no dangers, however great, in any way diminish the force of the challenge which comes at this hour to the whole Church of Christ in this and other lands.

The Gospel of Christ has been from the beginning addreued to the whole man and is the means not only to spiritual health but to all good. The Council strongly condemn the offering of economic or material advantages as a bait to draw men into the Christian fold. (There are indeed cases in which the acceptance of Christ involves increased disabilities.) Nevertheless the influences which the Spirit of Christ brings to bear upon the hearts of men inevitably tend to raise them in every respect-physical, economical and Iipiritu~1. To bring this Gospel in its fulness to all men is simple Christian duty.

The Council are convinced that the present situation constitutes a caU to the Church in India to re-dedicate itself to the service of its Master. This re-dedication will demand, in the first place a carefulself-examina­ tion on the part of the members of the Christian community, individually and corporately. They must free themselves from aU that is unworthy of the followers of Christ-for instance all imperfection in Christian home-life, all remnanb of cute, aU faction and division within the Church, all indifference to calla for the service of the country, ~in short. from all that hinders the Christian community from reflecting the image of Christ.

Thus purified, the Church will recognize afresh that evangelism is the Church's primary duty and the natural expression of its life. The Christian enterprise in all ita various aspects should be the manifesta­ tion of this life in the Church. Mus Movement work is a part of this larger Evangelism. The Council therefore re·affirm at this time the importance of making all this work centre in the Church. All converts from the very beginning of their Christian discipleship should enter naturally and fully into the life and organization of the Church. It is essential that everything possible should be done to ensure that the leader~hip in Evangelism, including Mass Movement work, shall increasincly be Indian. These events give an added significance to the Call to a Forward Move­ ment in ·Evangelism issued by the Council at their biennial meetil1g in 1934 and emphasise the importance of carrying out the plans· there outlined with renewed devotion and expectation.. "

The Council desire to put forward the following practical proposals at the present time :- 1. With a view to sharing experience and dilleminating informa­ tion, retreats and conferences for workers shbuld be arranged and also inter-visitation from one field to another_ This might, for ihltance, include inter-provincial Missions of Fellowship. 2. If the task to which the Church is now called is to be seriously undertaken, voluntary workers in large numbers must be enlisted and trained. 3. In certain fields there is clear need for a re-adjustment of availa­ ble resources. The Provincial Councils and Churches are asked to examine the situation periodically with a view to such re-adjustment. This is a matter that also calls for the serious considendion of the Mission Boards. 4. Every effort must be made to remove illiteracy in the Church, so that every Christian msy have access to all sources of knowledge and culture and, in particular, to the Holy Scriptures which are so important for the nourishment of the spiritual life.

5. While the primary obligation to meet the situation rests with the ChurChes in India, the Kingdom of God knows no frontiers-either political or racial. Help continues to be needed from. the Churches in the West, and the present situation calls for an increased supply of men and money. For the purpose of instructing enquirers and for training them in Christian faith and worship and to equip them to bear effective witness for Christ, there is an urgent need for a largely increased supply of resident teachers : this is an object for which financial help from the. older Churches might legitimately be asked and generously given.

6. The National Christian Council desire to give all possible help for the carrying out of these proposals. They have resolved to continue the Fellowship of Counsel for giving information and guidance in any part of the field. It has also been resolved to strengthen the Secretariat, so that one of their number may give himself to the furtherance of this work. To enable the Council to render this larger service it is imp era - tive that greatly increased financial resources should be placed at their disposal. 7. These tremendous obligations that God haa laid upon His Church can only be fulfilled by co-operation of all sections of the Church. No part of the Church is alone sufficient for the wk, nor are all the parts separately•. The co-operation which is essential for this must also compel Christian people to seek more earnestly than ever before for the fulfilment of the prayer of our Lord, , that they all may be one.' In this whole situation, the Council recognize a call for united and earnest prayer. India at the present time needs the prayers of the whole Church. The Council would specially ask for prayer on behalf of those who are groping after the light, sometimes hardly knowing what they seek. Prayer is also asked for the Church in India; caned to a work so full of difficulty and danger, that purified and strengthened and filled with wi.dom it may carry out God's purpose for this land. 27 III. The Central Board of Christian Higher Education The Rev. T. W. Gardiner, Secretary to the Central Board of Christian Higher Education presented the report of the Board for the year ending March 31, 1936. In doing so he stated that the report was not exhaustive in regard to the work of Christian Colleges, but it tried to put on record the main happen­ ings of the year. After questions and some discussion, the report was adopted as follows:- T. Specific Recommendations of the LindsQy Com.'mission It has been decided that the Madras Christian College will move out to its new quarters in June 1937. At that date there will be ready for use two and a half of the proposed four Teaching and Residential Halls with accommodation for 375 resident students. The following buildings will also be complete by that time: the .Science Building, the Arts Building, the Library, Quarters for all the bachelor staff and some of the houses required for the married members of staff. The College Hospital and the playing fields will also be ready. For the complete minimum scheme the College Hall,' the administration offices and the Clock Tower, etc., will have to be taken in hand subsequent to the transfer of the College to Tambaram next year. The College report emphasises that the change that is going to take place is something much more radical than a change of site. It implies a new intellectual environment and new educational methods. As the report says, 'The division of the College into partially autonomous Teaehing and Residential Halls provides the conditions for a progressive substitution of tutorially guided study for attendance at lectures.' The new organisation of the College is intended to provide the opportunity for as much personal direction and oversight of the individual student's work as possible. In order to prepare for this coming chan~e in the method of im:truction a beginning has already been made during the year nnder report. The undergraduate students have been divided into ll.pproximately equal groups, for eaeh of which a particular member of the teaching sta,ff has been assigned resnonsibility as a Tutor. His duties are to get into personal touch with the stndents of his group and to give thp,m as mueh personal attention and he-lp as he can. It is hoped that the experience thus gained will be uRefnl in accustoming Rtaff and students to the new conditions that will prevail when the 'Hall' system comes into operation at Tambaram. In the appendix to last vear's report it was stated that it was hoped that the Methodist Mission would postpone final decision on the queRtion of whp.ther to proceed with t.he eRtablishment of the Teachers' Trainin~ Colle~e in Madras till .Tune 30th, 1936, 'in view of the statement by Mr. Paton that an effort would be made to get a Ilrant for the scheme from the amount collected as a result of the British Advisory Committee's appeal, and in the hope that other Missions in South India would sl1Pport the scheme with contributions. This was agreed to hy the Methodist MiRsion. In the meantime the scheme waR re·examined and- the reouest for financial help from the Appeal Fnnd was rednced to £5.603 t.o cover a period of five years. This waR approved by the Executive Committee of the Missionary Educational Council. The President of that body also issued an apneal to the Secretaries of a considerable nnmber of Missionarv Societies for financial helD to the srheme. A similar appeal was also issued by· the Sec'retary of the Central Board. (For further developments see Appendix No.1). The Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, intends to begin its bnildinP.' scheme on the new site in the autumn of ]936 and to transfer the College to its new buildings in 1938. Efforts are being made to 28

_ obtain from ,Government the paym~nt of a buildiIl:g g,rant of 'RB. 25.000 promised as long ago as H~2o. It is hoped that o-overnment might be prepared to help the, new building scheme by making the grant available. In the last report it was said that the Memorandum drawn lIP by the Principals of the Bengal Colleges in August 1934 would come before the Bengal and Assam Christian Council. It did so, and the Council passed a Minute requesting the Principals to reconsider the situation and resolving to refer the matter to the Bengal and Assam Board of Christian High~r Education for consideration and advice. (See Appendix No.2). The Andhra Christian College, Guntur, hopes soon to commence the erection of new buildings. Finance for this extension has been available for many years. But it was not utilised by the Guntur College so long as there was the hope that the scheme for a United Christian College at Bezwada might be carried out. That scheme is not being pursued and the Lutheran Mission is therefore planning to proceed with the development of its own college at Guntur if possible on a united basis. In this connection it, should be said that plans for development may be affected by the opening of the Hindu College in 'Gnntur referred to ,on page 35. ,IT. Organisation and Life of the Oolleges 1. Oontrol' and Management.-The Central Board at its meeting on 8th-10th January, 1936, decided that in this Report a statement should be included showing how far the Colleges had revised their constitutions to bring them into line with the recommendations of the Lindsay Report. Such revision is not equally necessary in all colleges for the" Com· mission recognised that certain of the colleges were working under Constitutions more or less in accordance with their recommendations. Those recommendations were based upon two principles: (i) that control should be vested in governing bodies named Boards of Direction appointed in India, and that the members of these Boards of Direction should be as representative as possible of the Church and the Christian enterprise of the area in its different' forms. (ii) that within the Colleges the internal government shall be so organised as to lay responsibility more and more on the Christian Indian members of staff. See pages 194-206: Report of the Commission. All Colleges have been asked to submit their Constitutions. They have not all yet come to hand; but it has been ascertained that' the following Colleges have begun working under a new Constitution:- 1. The American College, Madura. 2. St. John's College, Agra. 3. The Allahabad Christian Col1ege. 4. The Lucknow Christian College. 5. St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur. 6. Gordon College, Rawalpindi. 7. Indore Christian College. The Constitution of St. Stephen's College, Delhi, has been revised in 1933 in the light of the recommendations af the Report. The new Constitution for Hislop College, N agpur, has been sanctioned by the Foreign Mission Committee of the Church of Scotland at its meeting in October 1935. The new Board of Direction will begin to function in April 1937 and the new internal organisation of the Cullege on a Fellowship basis will, it is hoped, commence during the course of the year 1937-38. Wilson College, Bombay, is awaiting sanction for 8i new consti­ tution which has been drawn up. A new Constitution for Forman Christia.n College, La.hore, ba.s 20

been drafted and is officially described as being 'in a state of preparation' . The new Constitutions which have either come into operation or are under consideration may be considered from the following points of'view:- (i) The extent to which control has been vested in a representative Board or Council appointed in India. In the case of Gordon College, Rawalpindi, and Indol'e Christian College the powers delegated to the Board of Directors and the Local Board are not 80 great ,as in other cases. It is stated in the Consti· tution .of the Board of Directors of Gordon College that the Board 'is respollsible to the Sialkot Mission for final confirmation of its actions' and in the Constitution of the Indore Christian College it is laid down that 'the Governing Board of the College shall be the Mission Council of the Central India Mission of the United Church of Canada' and that 'all actions of the Local Board shall be subject to the approval of the Governing Board'. This signifies that these bodies are advisory in cHaracter and that the Missions concerned retain ultimate control. In other Colleges that have framed new Constitutions the repre­ sentative bodies appointed in India have considerably more independent control. For instance the right to appoint the Principal is in their hands. The Governing Council of the American College, Madura, the Board of Governors of Lucknow Christian College, the Board of Directors of Allahabad Christian College, the Supreme Council of St, Stephen's College, and the Board of Direction of Hislop College have this power. In St. John's College 'the Principal shall be appointed by the Parent CO,mmittee of the C.M.S. after it has received the recommendation of the Governing Body' in India. The Governing Body of St. Andrew's College has the right to appoint the Principal 'subject to confirm~tion by a confirming body consisting of the Bishop of Lucknow, and the President and General Secretary of the N.M.S.' Other powers and functions entrusted to these bodies include financial control, appointment of staff and fixing of salaries, determina· tion of policy, and the duty of report to Mission Boards in the Vlest which have been hitherto responsible for the Colleges. In most cases these bodies are also charged with the duty of watching over tbe religious life of the College and its work as a missionary institution. In certain cases, however, this has been entrusted to a special body. This is the primary function of the Supreme Council of St. Stephen's, Delhi. In St. Andrew's, Gorakhpur, too there is a Committee to deal with the religious life and work of the College. The reason for this presumably is that on the Governing Bodies of these Colleges provision has been made for the presence of non-Christians. Tn the American College, Madura, the Senatus is empowered to appoint a Committee on religious life and work. (ii) The composition of the Governing Boards or Councils in India and their representative character: It will be remembered that the main reason why the appointment of such bodies was recommended was that the Colleges might be brought into more living touch with the, Church and with other ,departments of missionary work in India. Therefore it is necessary to enguire how fa.r this -aim ,has been achieved. On all these bodies representatives of the Church of the area are to be found. In the case of Colleges associated with Episcopal Churches the Bishop of the Diocese in which the College is situated is naturally an ex-officio member of the Board and its Chairman. In the case of the Lucknow Christian College all the Bishops of the M.E. Church of Southern Asia are members. Along with the Bishop or Bishops there are representatives of Churcb bodies, e.g. in the Governing Body of St~ John's there sit one person elected by the Diocesan Mission's Board, :a, persons elected by the Indian Board o.f the Diocese, and on the 30 .

Governing Body of St. Stephen's there is one person appointed by the Diocesan Committee. The Central Conference of the M.E. Church appoints 5 members to the Board of Governors of Lucknow Christian College out of a panel of 10 nominated by the Council of Edvcation in consultation with the Bishops. In view of the stake that the N.M.S. has in St. Andrew's, Gorakhpur, that Society has three repre­ sentatives on the Governing Body. In the case of Colleges associated with Presbyterian Missions representatives of the local Church Council . or Presbytery sit on the Governing Bodies, 3 on the Board of Directors of Allahabad Christian College, 3 on that of Gordon College, 1 on the Boards' of Indore Christian College and Hislop College. The Madura Church Council through its Executive appoints :2 representatives 011 the Governing Council of the American College, Madura, and the Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church Council 1 member. 'rhe following indicate the extent to which the Boards are repre­ sentative of other interests:- rrhe Constitution of St. Andrew's, Gorakhpur, provides for the greatest variety of representation, e.g. 1 representative of the LC.A. of the CP., 1 representative of the U.P. Board of Christian Higher Education, 1 Christian officer of the B. & N.W. Railway nominated by the Agent, 1 non-student representative of the S.C.M. On the Govern­ ing Body of St. John's there sit 1 representative of the N.C.C. and 1 elected by the F.P. Board of Christian Higher Education. The Board of Direction of Hislop College will have on it 3 representatives of the Mid-India Representative Christian Council. Provision is also made in all the Constitutions for the co-option of members of these Boards. In the case of Lucknow Christian College the co-opted members are as many as 8 and in the Constitution it is stated that they should be representative of certain interests. The Board of DirecLors of Allaha­ bad Christian College is authorised to co-opt 5 members and so all. It may be assumed that the use of this power"' of co-option will be used to increase the representative character of the Boards. In most of the Constitutions the Missions that have hitherto had powers of control over the Colleges have the light of appointing representatives on the Governing Bodies, e.g. on the Board of Directors of Allahabad Christian College 3 members 'from the North India Mission of the American Presbyterian Church, on that of Gordon College 3 from the Sialkot Mission, on that of Indore Christian College 2 from the local Mission Council, on that of Hislop College 2 from the Nagpur Mission Council and on the Governing Council of the American College. I' from the Madura Mission. Similarly on the Governing Body of St. Stephen's there are 2 members appointed by the Mission Council. In this case and in certain other cases too these representatives need Hot necessarily be members of the said Mission Qouncil. Another dass of representatives in the Constitutions of certain colleges consist of repr'esentatives of other colleges in' the' area. The Constitution of the Governing Council of the American College provides for as many as 5 such members. In every case also there is provision for the presence on the Board of Members of the Teaching Staff of the College concerned, the Principal being· always an ex-officio member and along with him one or more members of the staff. In only two cases viz.: St. Stephen's, Delhi, and St. Andrew's. Gorakhpur, is it provided that non-Christians might be members of the Governing Body. (iii) The extent to which the internal government of the colleges is organised so a,s to lay responsibility on the Christian Indian ,members of staff. The Commission's r~port recogni.sed that two colleges in particular had led the way in this matter, viz. Alwaye Union College and St. Stephen 's, Delhi. Besides the provision mentioned above for a lirpited number of members of the Teaching Staff of a College to be on its 31 GovernIng Body the Constitutions of most of the Colieges provide for a Senatus or Staff Governing" Body or College Council consisting of teachers of the College. To suoo a body has been entrusted the duty of initiating proposals that shall come before the Board of Directors or other Governing Body. The following summary may give some idea of the Constitution of the Staff Council or the Senatus as it exists in the different colleges: In all Colleges there is of course some method of selection of the members of such bodies:- In the American College, Madura, the Governing Council elects 6 members of staff and 4 of its own members while the staff elects 2 members to the Senatus. In Allahabad Christian College the Consti­ tution is naturally mmplex in view of the fact the College consists of so many constituent units. Provision is made first of all for a General Council consisting of the Principals of the constituent units along with one representative of the Teaching Staff. Thenagaip. in each of the constituent units there is what is called a Constituent Council consisting of the Principal of the unit concerned along with three members of the Christian Staff. In St. John's College Constitution there is provision for a Staff Council consisting of certain ex-officio members along with 4 members of the permanent staff appointed by the Govern­ ing Board. In addition members are co-opted so as to bring up the membership to a total of 10 on condition that of this number at .least 8 be Christians. Under the reorganisation of Hislop College the Senatus or Staff Governing Body will consist of those members of staff who are prepared to adopt a pledge administered to them at a religjous service that they will commit themselves to the Christian purpose of the College and help the Church in its Life and vVitness. In Lucknow Christian College there is a Christian Council consisting of the administrative officers of the college, the heads of academic units and 3 co-opted members. The Principal of Gordon College, who according' to the Report used to be '.a 11 in all', now has a Council to assist him with specified functions. It consists of 3 ex-officio members and 4 other Christian members of staff appointed by the Board of Directors. Such in brief is the composition of these bodies whereby it can be seen to what extent the new Constitutions call forth the co-operation and initiative of the Christian Indian members of the staffs. 2. Religious Life of the Colleges.-In three different quarters enquiries have been or are being made into the religious instruction given in Christian Colleges. In South India on the initiative of the South Tamil Regional Committee the Secretary of the South India Board examined the syllabuses of religious instruction used in the Colleges and Schools of the area. He submitted a report which was forwarded to the South India Board. The Board adopted resolutions emphasising the need for a unified syllabus of religious instruction worked out by a Central Committee for institutions of different types, requesting the Theological and Training Institutions to include a course in Religious Education in their curriculum, and recommending that all Christian High Schools and Colleges haV'e on their staffs at least one person trained in methods of religious education. The Principal of Forman Christian College also reports that he is conducting an enquiry into the matter of Scripture teaching and its relationship to the general religious purpose of the College. This action was taken in .pursuance of a Minute passed by the Council of the Presbyterian Mission, U.S.A., in which the Council stated that the Christian Colleges' in Allahabad and Lahore must be regarded as existing primatily as agencies for tbe promulgation of Christian ideals of life and conduct . and for the spread of the Gospel, and that a fuller report ·{)f the religious life and "activities of Fot:man 'College· would be welcome. In the· U.P. again Lucknow Christian College is contemphiting an improved· curri- '. '." culum for its classes "in Christian "·teaching 'with a view to making the subject matter more definitely life-centered'. In the same coh­ nection it is r~ported that at Hislop College an ordained Missionary condueted a discussion class for the members of the staff who were engaged in teaching the Acts of the Apostles. The Kinnaird College reports that the teachers of the Henry Martyn School have given regular addresses to the staff on various aspects of the Christian faith, em­ phasising especially those aspects of it in which it differs from other religions. The instruction thus given has already proved useful, it is said, in the religious teaching of the College. In all these quarters there is evidently a desire to improve the quality of the religious ,instruction given in the Colleges. The Madras Christian .College made special reference to the deve­ bpment of the devotional spirit in the Hostels of the College due to meetings for group fellowship that had come into being. This was evident by the fact that in some of the non· Christian Hostels regular prayers had been instituted. Other Colleges such as Wilson, Murray and Ewing refer to the place of the Chapel in the religious life of the Colleges. The Principal of Madras Christian College pointed out .that there is definite evidence that services of worship and devotion are of practical value in helping students to understand religion and also as an aid towards making Scripture teaching more relevant. Hindu and Muslim students who had shared in such worship began to make enquiries about the practice of prayer and personal religion. To help such students a small booklet was prepared and 50 students have asked for copies. Similar emphasis on the importance of corporate 'Worship and devotion is evident in the reports of staff and students retreats sent by a number of .colleges. The feeling is evidently b~ming more general that religious instruction has to be supple­ mented by the practice of worship. This makes it specially incumbent on colleges to provide opportunities for full corporate worship for Christian staff and students. Another way by which religious instruction is made relevant to life is the engaging in work of an unselfish kind. As previous reporttl ha.ve stated, a considerable number of the Colleges have in connection with them Social Service enterprises of one kind and another. In most Colleges the Christian students undertake some form of Christian work such as teaching in Sunday School or helping in Bazaar preaching. In otherB non-Christians take a leading part in unselfish work .. Several Colleges are seeking to get into touch with the Depressed Class Move­ ment in the V.P. Special responsibilities attach to Colleges that are situated in the neighbourhOQd of Mass ¥ovement Area, e.g. Murray

College, Sialkot, the Colleges at Guntur and Masulipatam j and Voorhees College, Vellore. Mention should also be made of the fact that in ahnost all the Colleges the S.C.M. is at work holding study classes and attracting the Christian students to the Annual Camps. The following are some special items that appear in the reports. In the American College, Madura, one of staff drn.matised the story of the Good Samaritan. It was· then translated in the vernacular aud acted. Since then many invitations have been received from Dis­ trict centres and the drama has been acted hy the College Gospel Team before large groups of Christians and non-Christians. Another drama on similar lines is now being prepared and what ,has been done in this direction is proving a useful piece of co-operatiOli between the College and the Church- The only. other College that reports anything in this direction. is St. John's where a Nativity Play in .Hindustani was again staged ·a.nd attracte!! a very good audience. During the W ~ of Witness in N agpur the staff of Hislop College did their part in co-operation with the General Secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society and the Secretary of the Y.M.C.A. in running 'a, series of lectures and displaying Christian Literature specially for the educated 33

c1asses who are so deeply influ~nced by the secular point of view. It was found difficult to attract many of this particular -type; but audiences at the meetings were encouraging. Murray College reports that Mr. Dalaya of Edwardes' College conducted a special evangelistic campaign for the benefit of its students, an interesting example of inter· college co-opera tion. \ III. Research and Extension ~ Comment is made in the Punjab and U.P. reports that there is not a Director of Research and Extension in either Province. Nevertheless there is a good deal being done in both Provinces. In connection with l!'orman Christian College the head of the Psychology Department has established a Child Guidance Clinic for the study and treatment of . difficult' children and children who for one psychological reason or another are unable to make normal progress in their education. In the same connection a course of lectures for parents and teachers was arranged on such subjects as 'the changing conditions of Indian homes in relation to child education', 'the mal­ adjusted parent', etc., etc. There was another course of lectures delivered by a member of the College staff for the benefit of social workers in rural areas of the Punjab on the Moga method of reading. In order to stimulate the interest of the College in rural work the United Presbyterian Mission has lent th~ services of the Rev. J. C. Heinrich to the College and he has been doing research work on the conditions of the Punjab villages with special refer~nce to the village of Martinpur. Mr. Heinrich and Dr. Lucas of Forman Christian College are members of a strong Committee appointed by the Punjab Christian Council to study the current economic and social conditions in the Punjab with a view to the formation of a Christian programme of Rural Development. The Punjab Christian Council has also requested the Department of Economics of the College 'to assist the Church in the Punjab in the discussion of social and economic problems facing the Christian communities particularly in the villages by visi· tation to Church Councils and Mission meetings' . The request has been accepted by the Board of Directors of the College. In Edwardes' College, Peshawar, one of the Economics staff has been working in co·operation with Government on surveys upon market­ ing and the woollen industry. A mem ber of the staff is also chairman of an Uplift Committee appointed by the Church to study the economic position of what are called 'Basti.Christians', and it has been reported that this Committee has been of help to the local Church. IIi the U.P. the most noteworthy work in Research a.nd Extension has been done in connection with St. John's College by Mr. Puxley. It is not necessary to give a detailed account of what has been done because such an account was published in the 1 nte-rnational Review of Missions, April 1936. In that article all the difficulties are fully recognised and described. But Mr. Puxley is confident that in the case of the members of the sta.ff who have engaged in such work of rural research their experience has added 'the freshness of. practical knowledge' -to their class room work, and that among the limited number of students who sha.red in the work a real interest in· such investigations was aroused. As for 'making some concrete contribution to the solution of some of the country's most pressing problems' Mr. Puxley had had ample experience of the prejudices and apathy and suspicion of the peasant community. He thinks that prBICtical results will be most surely attained if colleges eo-operate with Government in rural re-construction. Govern­ ment on its part has realised the help that college investigators can be to it and it has invited St. J olm's College to undertake the organising and guidance of local village welfare committees in one of the six groups of villages selected in the Agra District under the new scheme ~ 34 of Rural development. The College has therefore now opened its researeh work in the group of villages enLrusted to it by Goverillllent,. The Agricultural Institute which is a department of the Allahabad Christian Uollege is doing most valuable experimental work in regard to farm implements (designing ploughs, one of which designed by Mr. Waugh has been called III admIration 'the Wah \V~ah Hough', introducing rubber tyred bullock carts and making a new type of Grain Drill), cattle breeding, introduction of new and better types of seed, etc., etc. The Institute also hold.." an annual farmers' falr and monthlv entertainments for local villagers all of which seem to be largely attended. It is also reported that the Rev. W. S. Taylor of Indore Christian College has prepared a test whereby he claims reliable information may be obtained on the subject of the religious beliefs of College students, a subject that has been before the N.C.C. Committee on Religious Education and the Central Board for a number of years. The U. P. Christian Council has decided not to appoint Committeeo of its own on rural problems and social and labour problems, but to accept the reports on these subjects by the Sub-Committees of the Provincial Board of Christian Higher Education. It is hoped that this will lead to closer relationship between the research work in the Colleges and the needs of the Church and community. Both the Punjab and U.P. Reports refer to the stimulus which Mr. Paton's visit in 1936 gave to the work of Research and Extension. The hope has been awakened that a Director of Research and Extension might be appointed if not for each province at least for North India as a whole. The D.P. Board at its meeting on 22nd }<'ebruary which Mr. Paton attended passed a resolution approving such a step and requesting the authorities of St. John's College to release Mr. Puxley to act as Director of the Department. In other parts of India there is not so much to report under this head. Owing to causes beyond its control the American College, Madura, has not been able to undertake as much by way of research as it has recently been doing, but it is continuing its rural work even though the services of the Village Guide have not been available because he is taking the Teacher's training course at Saidapet. Another development in the same direction has been the establishment of a Brotherhood of Service with the purpose of interesting students and members of staff in village life and to bring a programme of social betterment to the villages within a radius of a couple of miles of the College. The Andhra Christian College has a department of Extension and Research and it is reported that a number of lecturers are engaged in the preparation of studies on various subjects. The courses of extra mural lectures continue. A new feature in this work was the inclusion in the programme of lectures on health which were delivered in various backward sections of Guntur town. In connection with the rural work carried on by the Social- Service League of Hislop College a new departure was made by sending. during the Divali holidays two members of staff and a dozen keen students to the Rural Settlement established near Hoshangabad by Miss Cash­ more for a short course of instruction in methods of rural welfare work. It is hoped that the instruction received there will lead to more systematic and thorough work being done in the two villages in which the College works. It is also hoped the visit may become an annuat·one. In 1935 two of the Provincial Boards passed resolutions 'about :Research and Extension. The Bengal Board appointed a small -Research Control Committee, though up to date no information has been received of its work. It has, however, been reported that' a considerable amount of Social Welfare work is being done by the students of the Calcutta Oolle~es; In February ·1935 a resolution was passed by the South 35 lndia Board asking the Executive Committee to make suggestions whereby the services of the CoUeges may be put at the disposal of the Church and to recommend definite programmes of research for various centres. The report states that nothing has so far been done to carry out the resolution, but that the resolution still stands and calls for renewed consideration. IV. Relations between the Colleges and the Government and the U n'iversities. The Punjab Colleg~s have for some time been anxious to try aml. secure larger grants-lll-aid from the Government. Attached to the report of the Punjab there is a useful statement showing how small are the grants given to the Christian Colleges as compared with the grants given to non-Christian Colleges and as compared with the grants given to Christian Colleges by the Governments of the N.-W. Frontier. Pro­ vinces and the D.P. l!'or instance a very large College like Forman Christian College only receives an annual grant of Rs. 20,000 while the Mission Societies supporting the college spend annually on it as much as Rs. 80,000. So small is the grant (Rs. 8,000· per annum) received by Murray College that it seriously raises the question whether it would not be preferable to give up the grant for the sake of the greater freedom that would thereby be gained. In spite of repre­ sentations made to Government it has to be admitted that the prospect of obtaining larger grants is very remote. The Punjab also reports that three new non-Christian Degree Colleges have been opened and that this may affect the enrolment of some Colleges at least. In view of possible University changes and thE coming of the new Constitution, the Punjab Board has appointed a strong 'Watch Committee' to attend to the interests of Christian Schools and Colleges in case the Government introduces any new educational scheme. Similarlv the D.P. Board remitted to a Committee the schemes of educational r~-organisation proposed in the D.P. and asked it to explore the value and effects of the new schemes and to consider how they may be worked out for the benefit of Christian Higher Education. The Lucknow Christian College reports a substantial increase in the recurring grant to the College and Isabella Thoburn College commences in July a three year combined course for the Intermediate and Teachers'

Certificate. J Both the Andhra Christian College and the Noble College report that new non-Christian Colleges have been recognised by the University in both Guntur and Masulipatam and that they are feeling the effects of severe competition. In the same way Hislop College attributes a gradual falling off in enrolment of students. to the recognition by Nagpur University of three new nOll-Christian Colleges in the Central Provinces. V. High Schools The High School Survey.-The actual work of this survey was completed in December 1935, Bombay being the last area to be visited. The final report was written in the early months of 19~6, and was accepted for publication by the Y.M.C.A. Publishing House., 5 .Russell . Street, Calcutta; under the title, Ohristian' High Schools in India: It . is· a book of about 160 pages. and contains illustrations and charts. and a statistical table prepared by Mr. S. K. Roy, late Principal of St. Paul's High School, Ranchi. . In March 1936 the Education . Committee Of the Bombay Board of Higher Education undertook a study of the Christian High Schools in the Bombay-Poona-Ahmednagar area of Maharashtra in the hope that it might be possible to select two schools as residential centres for Christian boys, one for boys. from. rural areas and a second }or boys from families ··desiririg ·a residential scheiol of a more expensive type. A Sub-Committee was appointed and after visiting several proposed centres, submitted its report to the Bombay Board of Higher' Education. As the Board was unable to come to a unanimous opWlOn, the Committ~e was re-appointed and enlarged, and the matter is still under consideration. (See Appendix No.3.) VI. Plans and Appeals Th~ Appeal Committee in Britain during the year had continued its work. In spite of its thorough organisation and th~ zeal with which it has been conducted the funds realised have not amounted to nearly as much as was hoped for. For the result up to date and the allocation of sums for plans, see Appendix No.4. The Reports of the Progress of the American Appeal are not en­ couraging. A considerable sum of money has been spent by the Mission Boards on the conduct of the appeal, but the result up to date is small. The Kinnaird College has received a sum of $5,000, but receipts for the plans of other Colleges are negligible. In spite of this the Com­ mittee feels that it should continue to function and plans for carrying on the appeal were framed at a meeting on March 4, 1936. (See Appendix No.5.) Appendix 1. As a result of the appeals mentioned in the Report additional offers of co-operation were received from the following:- Tinnevelly Diocesan Council.-Not less than Rs. 500 per annum for five years. Basel Mission.-Rs. 300 per annum for five years. Church of Sweden Mission.-Rs. 300 at present for one year. Mr. Paton also cabled the news on July 17, 1936, that the Appeal Committee in Britain had made a grant of £5,300 for the scheme. The next step was that the Standing Committee of the Methodist Synod reviewed the position at a meeting on August 3rd and unani­ mously decided in co-operation with the contributing Missions to approach the University of Madras with a view to opening the College in June 1937. A meeting was then held on the 14th August of what might be called an 'Interim College Council' to prepare the scheme for submission to the University. This was done and the application for recognition of the College by the University was duly submitted. 2. At its meeting on 21st July 1936 the Board met and agreed that it saw no sufficient reason for asking the Principals to reconsider their Memorandum, but it decided to refer it to a Committee consisting of Mr. S. C. Mukerji, Mr. Angus, and Mr. J. R. Banerji, to consider the whole matter and report. 3. The Educational Secretary of the N.C.C. spent a fortnight in September in visiting High Schools in Ceylon. This visit had no con­ nection with the survey, but was undertaken for the purpose of studying educational conditions and methods in that island, and proved to be a source of much useful information. It is hoped that a brief account of educational institutions in Ceylon may be published in the near future. 4. At a meeting of the British Advisory Committee held on July 13th, 1936, it was reported that a sum of approximately '£23,000 had been received. The Committee mad~ recommendations to the Appeal Committee and the following are the allocations of funds made:- Madras Christian College £10,000 Teacher Training College, Madras £5,300 for 5 years Central Board of Christian Higher Educa- tion '£1,200 Kinnaird College .£500 St. Christopher's College £500 It was also agreed that if the full funds necessary were subscribed £5,000 should be allotted to Kinnaird College, .£5,000 to St. Christopher's and .£4,000 to Seramvore. 37

The Appeal is to be continued till February 1937 B:nd by November 1\=136 it was reported that over .£30,000 had been receIved. 5. Since the meeting referred to no reports of the progress of the Appeal have beell received. T. W. GARDINER, Secretary, Central Board of Christian Higher Education. The Council had also before it the proceedings of the meeting of the Central Board of Higher Education held on November 28 and 30, 1936 at N agpur and the report of the action taken bv the E}.ecutive Committee of the National Christian Council on matters referred to it by the Central Board. Miss Van Doren made a statement about the survey of Christian High Schools she had completed under the direction of the Central Board. The financial statement of the Central Board was presented as given below: CENTRAL BOARD FOR CHRISTIAN HIGHER EDUCATION Receipts and Paymetzts from January 1st to December 31st, 1936 RECRIPTS .JanuatY 1,1936- RS A P RS A P Credit Balance 1,049 1 3 American College, Madura ... 100 0 0 Andhra Christian College, Gt1Dtur, for 1933 and 1934 at Rs. 100 200 0 0 Andhra Christian College, Guntur, for 1935 .,. . .. 100 0 0 Hislop College, Nagpur, 1935 100 0 0 Kinnaird College, Lahore ... 25 0 0 Lucknow Christian College, 1935 50 0 0 Malabar Christian College, 1935 . 50 0 0 Murray College, Sialkot, Punjab, 1935 100 0 0 Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, 1935 and 1936 ...... 60 0 0 Scottish Church Col1ege, Calcutta, 1935-36 150 0 0 St. Paul's Colleg-e, Calcutta, 1935-36 20 0 0 St. Stephen's College, Delhi, 1935 ... 100 0 0 Union Christian College, Alwaye ... 50 0 0 Union NobJe College, Masulipatam, 1935 . 50 0 0 United Theological Col1ege, Bungalore. 1935-36 ...... 35 0 0 Wilson College, Bombay, 1933-34 and 1934-35 ... 400 0 0 Women's Christian College, Madras, 1934-35 and 1935-36 ... 50 0 0 Refund of '.rravel ... 3 13 0 U. P. High School Survey Report 9 0 0 Special Contrihulion- British Christian Colleges Appeal, £50 ••. 639 2 9 2,291 15 9 3,341 1 0 Dr. Balance 91 6 0 Total 3,432 7 0 38

EXPENSES RS A P Centra] Board Meetings .•. 1,808 9 0 Office Expenses 600 0 0 Printing 23 14 0 *To Hislop College-Grant for 1935 1,000 0 0 Total 3,432 7 0

* The Grant for 1936 has still to be paid.

RESOLVED: III. (a) That the Council expresses its gratitude to the Rev. William Paton and those associated with him in organising the British Appeal for Christian Colleges. and for the results so far achieved. (b) That the Constitution of the Central Board of Christian Higher Education remain as at present with an Executive Committee of four persons and the Secretary. (c) That the Council places on record its deep appreciation of the services rendere!1 by the Rev. T. W. Gardiner as Secretary of the Central Board of Christian Higher Education. Through his wise and tactful efforts. the Board has been carried successfuIIy through the first critical period of its existence. and from year to year has been able to commend itself in increasing measure to the confidence of the Christian Colleges of India. The Council is grateful to the Governing Body of the Hislop College and to the Church of Scotland Mission for enabling him to render this valuable service for the cause of co·operation in Christian education, (d) That the Council accepts the recommendation of the Exceutive to appoint Mr. R. B. Manikam, Ph.D., Vice-Principal of the Andhra Christian College, Gun tor, from June 1, 1937 as half-time Secretary of the Central Board of Christian Higher Education. (e) That the most important work of the Secretary of the Board being the establishment of contact between the College and the Church and the formulation of projects of research and their presentation to the Colleges, the Councn heartily endorses the resolution of the Board that definite attempb should be made to bring the Provincial Christian Councils and the Provincial Educational Boards into closer contact in order that the problems should be formulated together and the work undertaken in partnership, and that thet'e should be similar co-operation between the Central Board and the National Christian Council both in regard to wider problems of research and also in the co-ordination of work already being done in the various Provinces. (f) That the Council greatly appreciates the work done by Miss A. B. Van Doren and her associates in connection with the Survey of Christian High Schools in India, now completed, and requests the Central Board to take neceuary steps to help the bodies responsible for Christian High Schools in carrying out the recommendations of the Survey.

IV. World "Missionary Conference, 1938 Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman of the International Missionary Council introduced the subject of the next W orId Missionary Conference to 'be heid at Hangchow, China, in the autumn

RESOLVED: IV. (a) That this Council appreciates the generosity shown by the Inte~national Missionary Council in regard to the representation of India at the forthcoming World Missionary ConFerence. (b) That the Executive Committee be instructed to take steps at ita next meetinlf for the selection of delegates, for th~ formation of study groups, for the preparation of auitable literature, for the raisinC of fund. 40

for financing the deleaation and for enlisting among Churches through­ out India, Burma and Ceylon prayerful interest in the World Missionary Conference of 1938.

v. Amendments to the Constitution The Rev. J. Z. Hodge in presenting the proposals for amend­ ing the Constitution (formal notice of which had been given to the members of the Council) said they had arisen out of the various Regional Conferences held during the year 1936 in accordance with the instruction given by the Council of 1934 to consider the whole question of its reconstruction. These pro­ posals had the approval of the Executive Committee. No change in the basis of the Council is proposed. What the amendments have in view is more effective representation of Church bodies and Missions. Each amendment was carefully considered and alter discussion it was

RESOLVED: V. (a) That the following be adopted as Article III of the Constitution:

ARTICLE TIL-OBJECTS The objects of the Council shall be:- (1) To stimulate thinking and investigation on mIsslOnary ques· tions, to enlist in the solution of those questions the best knowledge and experience to be found in India and other countries and to make the results available for all Churches and Missions in India. (2) To review periodically the progress of the Christian enterprise in India, Burma and Ceylon, in co-operation and consultation with Prov~cjal Christian Councils, and suggest plans for further advance. (3) To take all possible steps to give effect to the principle that in the Christian enterprise the Church is central and permanent. (4) To help to co-ordinate the activities of the Provincial Councils and to assist them to co·operate with each other where such co-operation is desirable. (5) Through common consultation to help to form Christian public opinion and bring it to bear on the moral and social problems of the day. (6) To be in communication with the International Missionarv Council regarding such matters as call for consideration or action from the point of view of the Indian miElsion field as a whole and with other bodies which may desire the help of the Council in matters affecting their own work. (7) To be in communication with the National Christian Councils of countries which are in co-operation with the International Missionary Council in matters relating to the Christian enterprise as a whole. (8) To make provision for the convening of a National Christian Conference when such is in the opinion of the Council desirable.

(b) That the followinr: be adopted as Article IV of the Constitution:

ARTICLE IV.-MEMBERSHIP The Council shall be constituted as follows:- (1) Three members, of whom at least two shall be nationals, shall be appointed. by each Provincial Council. (2) Organised Church Bodies, and :B'ederations of such bodies, which are in sympathy with the objects of the Council, and which have official connElction with one or more Provincial Councils, or constituent units of which have such connection with one or more Provincial Coun­ cils, and are included in Schedule A appended to this Constitution, shall be entitled to direct representation on the Council as detailed in that Schedule. The representation of these Bodies and Federations shall be generally in proportion to the number of their communicant members, but the number of representatives of anyone Body or Federation shall in no case exceed five. (3) Missions and other Christian organisations not included under section 2 which are in sympathy with the objects of the Council, and contribute not less than Rs. 500 annually to the Council. and are included in Schedule B appended to this Constitution, shall be entitled to direct representation on the Council to the extent ,of one member each. (4) The Conncil shall have power to co-opt not less than twenty or more than thirty additional members. In making such co.options, the Council shall bear in mind the principle that a majority of the total number of members of the Council should be nationals. The Council may delegate to the Executive Committee the power to make not more than fifteen of the co-options to be made by the Council. (5) Subject to any direct.ions t.hat may from time to time be given by the Council, the Executive Committee shall have power to revise Schedules A and B from time to time, and to determine in different c,ases the method of appointment of representatives appointed under sections 2 and 3 above.

(c) That the following be adopted as Article VI of the Constitution:

ARTICLE Vr.-THE EXECUTIVE The Council shall appoint at each regular meeting an Executive Committee of twenty-one members. in addition to the Honorary Officers, witb the right, to fill vacancies in its own membership. The Executive shall meet twice a year.

(d) That the following be adopted as Article VII of the Constitution :

ARTICr.F. VII.-MEETING The Conneil -shall normallv meet once in three years, but more !frequent meetings may be ca lIed, if nel'essary.

(e) That the following be substituted all bye-laws number 8, 10 and 11 and that the Executive be authorised to revise the other bye-'aws where necessary in the light of the amendments to the Constitution.

Bve·Law ~o. 8, At. meeting'S of the C01lDCil forty. and of the Exec1ltive eight. shall com;titnt.e a Ollonlm. Bye-Law No. 10. (a) The elect.ions and appointments under Rections 1, 2 and 3 of A rtic1e IV shall be made at sneh times as t.he electing or appointing body may determine. The period of membership of every such member Rha11 cover two successive regular meetings of the Council. except that in order to provide for rotation of member­ ship, a body which elects or appoints more than one member may provide that initially the term of membership of one or more members shall cover only one meeting of the Council. A term of membership under these sections shan begin before the opening of one regular meeting of the Council, and end before tlle opening of the second subsequent regular meeting of the Council, or the first in the special case provided for above. (b) Persons co-opted under section 4 of Article IY shall hold membership from the close of the meeting of the Council at which they are co-opted (or, in the case of those co-opted by the Executive COllmitte~, from the date of their co-option) till the close of the next regular meeting of the Council; provided that co-options may also be made at a meeting of the Council for the period of that meeting only. Bye-Law No. 11. Vacancies in the membership of the Council arising from resignation, death, or any other cause shall be filled by the electing or appointing body, and in the case of co-opted members, by the Exeootive Committee. The period of such substitute member­ ship shall be the unexpired portion of the term of membership of the member whose place has thus been filled. Any elected or .appointed member who leaves India for a period which will cover a regular meeting of the Council shall be held to have vacated his membership from the date of his leaving India.

(f) That the following Transitory Provisions be adopted: (1) Amended Article IV shall come into operation after the close of the 1936 meeting of the Council, and when the elections and appoint. ments under sections ], 2 and 3 of that Article have been made, amended Article VI shall come into operation, and the present Exe­ cutive Committee is authorised to co-opt persons to complete its meIll­ bership under that Article, and such persons shall be deemed to ~e members of the Council. (2) Elected members of the Council present at the 1936 meetiltg of the Council shall retain their membership till before the openillg of the next regular meeting of the Council and only till then, whet"her their present appointment covers two meetings of the Councilor OIly one. (3) The Executive Committee is anthorised to frame Schedules A and B in their initial form.

VI. Finance Dr. J. Roy Strock, Honorary Treasurer, presented the audited statement for 1935 (published in the Minutes of the Executive, January 10 to 13, 1936) and an interim report of the finances of the Council for 1936. The report showed the receipts and expenditure for the years 1935 and 1936 up to December 30 as follows:- EXPltNDITURE- 1935 1936 Rs. R~. R<.:. Rs. 31,582 35,134 RECEIPTS- American Societies 12,810 10,342 (Special) 3,092 13,434 British Societies 13,331 11,009 (Special) 2,030 ]3,039 Colonial and Continental 1,200 1,225 Indian Sources 3,097 2,198 30,438 29,896 49

I t was plain that the financial position of the Council was serious and its resources quite inadequate for the work it was called upon to undertake. - The main considerations are:-

I. There has been an average annual decrease 'of over Rs. 6,000 in its income during the past five 'years, owing to the depression in the west and consequent decrease of contribution, as shown in the following table: 1926-1930 1931-1935 Rs. Rs. America 94,000 69,140 Great Britain 68,C50 66,250 India 9,750 10,920 Colonial and Continental 6,850 6,050 Other Sources 6,350 1,040 ---- • Total 185,000 153,400 ----

2. During the former period the average annual income was Rs. 37,000 while during the latter it. has fallen to Rs. 30,600, and the last three years to Rs. 30,000. The one ray of hope is the increase of income from Indian sources. 3· The situation has been met by salary cuts and other emergency measures, some of which, such as limiting of conferences and committees, curtailment of Secre­ taries' travel, have proved injurious to the work, and cannot be continued indefinitely. They do not even balance income and expenditure, for in spite of them the years 1934 and 1935 closed with deficits. Further, these deficits would have been considerably higher had it not been that no sum has been set aside for furlough allowances and in 1935 for the Biennial Meeting. These are but postponements of the Counci1' s com­ mitments which place a double burden on future years. While income has lessened, opportunities have increased. The new era of co-operation is establishing new ~laims and doors are opening on all sides. If the Council is to function worthily there must be a return to normal expenditure.. 5· The Council has no reserve fund, and it was only possible to keep the work going by borrowing from special funds, such as the Indian Literature Fund and Provident Fund of Secretiuies. . 44

The extreme urgency of securjng extra amounts for the support of the general work of the Council from Mission Boards and Churches was emphasized by the Tr-easurer. The Honorary Treasurer presented the following Budgets for 1937 and 1938 .

BUDGET FOR 1937 AND 1938

EXPENDITURE 1937 1938 General Fund- Rs. Rs. Secretaries- Salaries 17,74.t 17,985 Provident Fund 3,063 3,962 Travel 3,500 3,500 Furlough 2,000 2,000 Office 6,400 6,400 Treasurer's Office 300 300 Rent 3,903 4,015 Committees and Conferences 3,000 3,000 Council Meeting 1,000 1,000 Printing.and Pnblishing 1,500 1,500 International Missionary Council ... 600 600 Bank Charges 50 50 Con tingen cies 340 388 -- 43,400 44,700

Central Board 5,500 6,400 Man Movement. £1,000 13,300 13,300 18,800 -- 19,700 Totals ... 62,200 64,400

RECEIPTS 1937 1938 *General Fund- Rs. Rs. American Societies 19,200 19,850 British Societies 17,700 18,350 Colonial and Continental 1,500 1,500 Indian 5,000 5,000 43,400 44,700

Central Board- British Colleges Appeal 3,800 4,700 Indian Colleges 1,700 1,700 5,500 6,400 4~

Maaa Movemenb- Rs. Rs. Societies in the West 13,300 13,300

Totals 62,200 64,400

*General Fund- ]937 ]938 A 1I1crt"can-- Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Average annt1al contributions for 3 years (1933-35) 1?,000 12,000 Extra amount urgently desired 7,250 t,850 19,200 19,850

Britis//.- A verage annual contributions for 3 years (1933-35) 13,300 13,300 Extra amount urgently desired 4,400 5,OSO 17,700 18,350

Colonial and Continental- Average annual contributions for 3 years (1933-35) 1,100 1,100 Extra amount urgently desired 400 400 1,500 1,500

lttdian- Average annual contributions for S years (1933-35) 2,700 2,700 Extra amount urgently desired 2,300 2.300 5,000 5,000

Totals ... 43,400 44,700 THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL Abstract of Receipts and Payments for Dr.

RECEIPTS RS A P RS A P To Balance on 1st January, 1936- Cash on Current Account with the Imperial Bank of India, Nagl>ur- Indian Literature Fund ... .•. 8,328 15 3 Central Board of Higher Education ... l,04~ 1 31 Forward Movement in Evangelism ! Special Fund ...... 568 3 9~ Provident Fund ...... 1,282__ ~~ __21 11,229 1 5 RS A P Less Amount due on the following- General Fund 1,143 11 8 Mass Movement Survey 2,075 5 11 ' Directory Account ... 251 9 3 Farquhar Fund ••. 160 ° 0 3,630 10 10 7,598 6 7 Provident Fund Investments­ Post Office Cash Certificates FaceValue being Rs.I0,OOO

at cost .00 7,830 8 0 5 per cent 1939-44 Bonds, Face Value RS A P being Rs. 2,100 at cost ... 2,993 4: 0 Less Interest. 56 JO 8 2,936 9 4 10,767 1 4 Fixed Deposit-Farquhar Fund ... 1,659 3 3 Fixed Deposit-Indian Literature Fund 3,060 0 0 23,084 11 2 " Contributions- From America ...... 11,642 13 2 II Special 0" 3,092 3 1O· 14~735 1 0 From Great Britain ... 12,953 10 9 Special ... 2,030 0 0 " 14.,983 10 9 From Colonial and Continental Societies ... 1,225 ° 0

Carried over ... 30,943 11 9 23,084 It 2

* Includes amount received from Dr. J. R. Mott for Pastors' Conference 47

OF INDIA, BURMA AND·CEYLON the ')lear ending 31st December, 1936 Cr.

PAYMENTS RS A pi RS A p By Secretaries- Salaries and Allowances ...... 18,171 8 0 Less Receipts ...... 105 0 0 ----- 18,066 8 0 Tra velling Expenses ...... 2,]25 11 0 Rent ...... 3,527 4 0 Office Expenses ...... 5,521 4 0 Less Receipts 604 0 0 ." " . --_._- 4,917 4 0 Provident Fund Contribution of the N .C.C. of Mr. P. O. Philip and Mr. J. Z. Hodge .,' 1,712 11 6 Provident Fund Contribution of Miss A. B. Van Doren ...... 238 8 0 ------1,951 3 6 " Other Payments- Committee Meetings .,. ,., ... 3,688 1 9 RS A P Printing and Publications ... 151 6 0 Less Receipts ... 37 12 0 113 10 0 Treasurer's Office expenses including Audit fees ...... 312 5 0 Bank Charges ...... 56 8 0 International Missionary Council ... 538 12 3 4,709 5 0 " Indian Literature Fund .. ' ... 7,998 0 0 Less Receipts ...... 6,376 9 3 1,621 6 9 " Central Board of Higher Education ... 3,432 7 0 Less Recei pts .. ... 2,291 15 9 1,140 7 3 " Balance on 31st December, 1936- Cash on Current Acc9unt with the Imperial Bank of India, N agpur- I

Indian Lit~rattlre Fund .O' ••• 6.646 5 31 Forward Movement in .. Evangelism i Special Fund ...... 2,534 0 9. Mass Movement Snrvey ...... 2,891 8 6; Directory Account ...... 38 14 9: Provident Fund ...... 3,484 11 31 .. I Carried over , .. 15,595 8 61 38,059' Of 6 expenses $]50 (Rs, 392). THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL Abstract of Receipts and Payments for Dr'.

RECEIPTS I RS A P RS A P Brought forward ... 30,943 11 9 23,084 11 2 To Contributions (contd.)- From Indian Sources- RS A P I Provincial Councils 1,800 0 0 Day of Prayer .. . 433 2 1 Miscellaneous .. . 322 12 2 2,555 14 3 1----- 33.499 10 0 " Foward Movement in Evangelism Special Fund ... ••...... 3,477 4 0 Less Payments .•. .•• . .. 1,511 7 0 1,965 13 0 " Provident Fttnd Contrib1ttion- Mr. P. O. Philip 456 12 0 Mr. J. Z. Hodge 608 4 0 Council Contribution­ Mr. P. O. Philip 1,089 0 0 Mr. J. Z. Hodge 623 11 6 1,712 11 6 2,777 11 6 " Mass Movement Survey ••. 9.244 9 11 Less Payments ... .•. 4,277 11 6 4,966 14 5 " Directory Account J,258 5 0 Less Payments 967 13 0 290 8 0 ., Interest on Provident Fund Inveshnents •.. 206 4 3 " Interest on Farquhar Fund ...... 63 12 3 " Surplus realized on Provident Fund Post Office Cash Certificate ...... 250 0 0

-----1----- Total ... 67;105 4 7

Exa'mined a"d (Camp) Gun/ur, 6th Febrtlary, 1937.

Note.-For details of contributions to the General Funds of the Council' Mass Movement Survey, refer to Appendix Ill. 49

Of: INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON tke year ended 31st December, 1936 Cr.

PAYMENTS I RS A pi RS A P Brought forward "'115,595 8 6: 38,059 1 6

By Balance OIl 31st Decembe1', 1936 (contd.)- I Less Amount due OD the following- RS A P

General Fund 2,941 5 2 Central Board of Higher Education 91 6 o , ----1_~~~_2~ __ ~! 112.562 13 Provident Fund Investments- 41

Post Office Cash Certificates I I face value being Rs. 9,000 at cost 7,080 8 0 1 I , I 5 per cent 1939-44 Bonds face value being Rs. 2,700 at cost. 2,936 9 4 5! per cen t 1938 Mysore Government Bonds face value being Rs. 1,600 at cost 1,782 1 8 11,799 3 0

Fixed Deposit-Fa.rquhar Fund 1,562 15 6 Fixed Deposit-Indian Literatme Fund 3,121 3 3 29,046 3 1

Total _. '67,1054 7 found correct. K. JOHN & CO:, Registered ACtJOlmtanis, Auditors. as well as of c()ntributions to Forward Movement in Evangelism and to

4 50

NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL OF INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON Trial Balance as on 31st December, 1936 Dr. I Cr. RS A P RS A P RS A P RS A" P General Fund­ Opening Balance Add Payments- Secretaries- Personal...... 18,066 8 0 Travel ... •.. 2,125 11 0_ Office ...... - 4,917 40 Treasurer •.. .,. 312 5 0 Rent ,.. ••. 3,527 4 J 0 Bank Charges •.• . •. 56 8 0 Commi ttees ••. . .. 3,688 1 9 Printing and Publications ... 113 10 0 International Mis s i 0 nary Council ... . •. 538 12 3 Contributions to Provident Fund •.• ••. 1,951 3 6 35,297 3 6 36,440 15 2 Less Receipts­ ContributioDs­ RS A P America ••. 11,642 13 2 Special .•. 3,092 3 10 14,735 1 0 British 12,953 10 9 Special 2,030 0 0 Colonial and Continental ••. - From Indian Sources­ Provincial Councils Day of Prayer Miscellaneous

Indian Literature Fund ••. Indian Literature Fund Fixed Deposit '.. .,. Central Board for Christian Higher Education ... . •. Mass Movement Survey ••. Provident Fund- Mr. Hodge ... ••. Mr. Philip ... ••• Investments Account '" Farquhar Fund .•• ••• Faruqhar Fund Fix~ Deposit . , .•. Forward Movement 1n Evangel1sm Special Fund •.• ••• 2,534 0 9 Directory Account ... ••• 38 14 9 Cash with the Imperial Bank of India, N agpur... .. 12,562 13 41----- ~otal .••• 31,622 10 0,31,622 10 0

( Cam/J) Gun/ufO, K. JOHN & Co.,' 6th FelJrua,ry, 1937. Regis/wed Accountants, AuditOt'$. 51

RESOLVED: VI. (a) That the Council approves the interim financial statement for 1936, empowers the Officers to include in the Proceedings the audited statement for the complete financial year ending December 31, 1936. and appoints Messrs. K. John & Co. to audit the accounts of the Council for the year 1936. (b) That the Budget for the years 1937 and 1938 be accepted tentatively on the understanding that the Executive will review the whole situation and make any modifications or adjustments that may be found necessary. (c) That the Council desires to draw the atlention of the bodies to whom it looks for support to the fact that ita usefulness ia being seriously impaired through its not being able to rely on a steady income sufficient to meet its needs. (d) That the Council having reviewed the whole field of the work, its members were impressed as never before with the magnitude of the opportunities which lie before the Church to-day and were more than convinced that the only possible way of coping with them is by such increased co-operation and planning as the National Christian Council exists to foster and for which it has revised its constitution. (e) That while the field of service has been steadily expanding and new calls continue to be made on the Council, income for lIome years has been falling with the result that some of the Council's most important activities have had to be greatly restricted. This is a state of affairs which if continued must have disastrous results. The Council therefore appeals to supporting bodies and particularly to the Foreign Missions Conference ()f North America and to the Conference of Missionery Societies in Great Britain and Ireland to take steps to secure from their constituencies contributions sufficient to enable it to serve the needs of the Christian Movement for which it was called into being .

VII. Christian Medical• Work Dr. Oliver, SecretarY' of the Christian Medical Association of India which functions as the N.C.C. Committee on Medical Work, presented a comprehensive report (see Appendix II) in which she dealt with the progress of the Union Christian Medical College Scheme.. She narrated the steps that had led up to the submission of the proposals through the N.C.C. to representatives of responsible Mission Bodies in the West with a view to securing their sanction for an approach to a few individuals who might be able and willing to finance the scheme. The response had not been encouraging. The need for trained Indian Christian doctors of the highest qualifications was recognised; but the immense financial implications of the present scheme, the still existing industrial depression, the urgent claims of other Christian activitie·s-· -and prevailing scepticism as to the_efficacy· of an approach to potential large givers made the leaders consulted pause and ask for re.consideration of some important aspects of the scheme in consultation with Dr. E. H. Hume~ who would be visiting India this summer and whose experience and 'judg­ ment would be of great value_ Their caution was reflected in 52 the attitude of the Council. Dr. Oliver made it clear that the promoters of the seh~me have from the. outset stated explicitly that all they are asking now is permission to approach a few individuals. Should this approach fail-they claim it has not yet been tried-they will reconsider the whole scheme and bring it back to the Council for revision and approval before anything in the nature of.a general appeal is projected. After considerable discu.ssi9n, and' _while rec.ognizing the right of the Christian Medical Association to approach a few possible donors in the interests of the present scheme, the Council adopted the following resolution :-

RESOLVED: VII. That the· Christian Medical Association be requested to revise their scheme for the Christian Medical CoDege in the light of the replies from the Foreign Missions Conference of North America and the Conference of Miuionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland and of the discussions at this session of the National Christian Council, and in consultation with Dr. E. H. Hume, and present it to the Executive who shaD then submit the scheme thus modified for con.ideration at the next meeting of the Council. VIII. Indian Christian Marriage Act and Divorce

The Bishop of Tinnevelly, Convener of th~ Committee 011 Christian Marriage Act and Divorce, presented the report of the Committee which was as follows: REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON INDIAN CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE ACT AND DIVORCE, 1935-1936 (1) Indian Chri8tian ~arriage Act.-No action has seemed possible or suitable with regard to this. No further opinions have been received from governing bodies of the Churches in India with regard to the' proposals for amendment of the Act. ~2) Divorce.-The National Christian Council instructed the com­ mittee 'to prepare and bring into action plans for the joint considera­ tion by the Churches of questions relating to divorce'. On considering the matter the Committee was of opinion that at the present time it is impossible to hope that the non-Roman Churches in mdia can come to any agreement as to' grounds for which the dissolution of ,marriage, with the right to remarry, can be granted by the Church, and that ioint discussion on the matter cannot be expected to produce practical results at an early. date. The committee believed, however, that there .. - remain" a number of important questions on which the Churches can come to fuller agreement, both in theory and in practice. These concern on the one hand amendments desirable in the law of British India oro! Indian States, and on the other hand certain points of practice in: the· -Churches, particularly in connection with the divorce and -remarriage of converts to Christianity and of those who apostatize from . Christianity. A memorandum was therefore· prepared in which certain , issues. were set forth on which it. is hoped that the Churches may 1;Ie able to reach, joint C?:t', c~>llcordant decisi,?ns. This memoran~uD;l h~s 'been ,ci.rculated, but ~t .present only ,a few answers have come Ill. ThIS .. was "-<:iIily to De 'expected, since' several of' the· larger Churches only have 'meetings of their·go'Verning- bodies -at ihtervals of one, two or" eV.ell- -three yea1's.·, .. 53

The Committee suggests that at a future meeting .of . the National Christian Council special time be arranged for a full discussion of the subject, the Council for the occasion regarding itself simply as a group of representatives, of the different Churches and those repre­ sentatives it is hoped, being able to speak with authority on behalf of their· Churches. (3) Christian Marriage and Divorce in Indian. States.~The Com­ mittee has continued in being, but has no special report to present. After discussion it was

RESOLVED: VIII. (a) That the Committee be re-appointed with instructions to take such action with regard to the Indian Christian Marriage Act as may seem desirable or possible. (b) That the sub-committee on Christian Marriage and Divorce in Indian States be asked to continue its work. (c) That the Council instructs its Executive to take steps to ensure that the Churches in India give consideration to the memorandum on the nullity of marriage and divorce which has been prepared and to express their views on the questions asked therein as early as possible and not later than December, 1937. On the basis of replies from the Churches the Committee on Indian Christian Marriage Act and Divorce be instructed to prepare a report and present it to the Executive for necenary action.

IX. Reports from Provincial Christian Councils Reports on the work of the Provincial Christian Councils were given by the Provincial' Secretaries who were present or by a delegate from the Provincial Council authorised to do so. These reports are given in Appendix I.

x. Henry Martyn School of Islamic Studies On behalf of this School, Mr. B. L Rallia Ram, a member of its Governing Board made a statement explaining the serious situation in which the School finds itself at present, owing mainly to the fact that one of the co-operating Missions who maintained one of its missionaries as a lecturer was finding it not possible, on his leaving India, to 'contribute the equivalent of his support in money. He pointed out that unless fresh support was secured very soon the School might have to be closed. After discussion it was

RESOLVED: IX. That the Council reaffirms its conviction of the (Oreat value of the . . Henry Martyn School of Islamic Studies. Lahore. and instructs the ~ Executive Committee to do everything pONible to secure support for its continuance. 54 XI. Matters Relating to the Secretariat The Executive at its meeting in January, 1936 had appointed a sub-committee to 'consider the whole question of the Secretariat and to report to the next meeting of the Council, with a view to strengthening it to meet the requirements of the Central Board of Christian Higher Education, Literature, Evangelism and the Indian Church etc. all of which need further secretarial help_' On the report of this sub-committee the Executive which met on December 1 and 2, 1936 adopted the following resolutions. These resolutions were placed before the Council. 'The Executive Committee, having considered the tasks before the N.C.C. Secretaries at present, and having in view the need for strengthening the Secretariat to serve the new calls for help created by the Central Board for Christian Higher Education, Mass Movement Rurvey and the Five Year Forward Movement in Evangelism and also of the forthcoming International Missionary Conference at Hangchow in 1938, recommends;- (1) That Mr. P.O. Philip's term of service be extended from May 1937 to October 1938; (2) That Miss Van Doren's term of service be extended to June 1. 1938; (3). That Dr. R. B. Manikam, Vice-Principal of the Andhra Chris­ tian College, Guntur, be invited to become one of the Secretaries, giving half his time to the Central Board of Christian Higher Education and the other half to the office, with particular charge of literature; That the appointment begin from' June 1, 1937, on a salary of Es. 400, with House Rent and Provident Fund contribution; (4) That a Woman Secretary be appointed in due course who will at first take charge of the departments of work that Miss Van Doren will relinquish in June 1938, but will be available for other work, as may from time to time be necessary.' It was further reported that the Executive which met in April, 1935 had authorised Dr. McKenzie to correspond with the Secretary of the International Missionary Council, London, regarding financial arrangements for Mr. -Hodge whose period of service with the Council will terminate in October, 1939· This action was taken in view of the fact that Mr. Hodge on his taking- up the Secretaryship of the N.C.C. in 1929 had resigned from his Mission, the R.B.M.U., after nearly thirty years' service without having established any claim on a pension from them and in view of the fact that the period of his service with N .C.C. would not be sufficient to enable him to accumulate an amount in the Provident Fund adequate for his support after his retirement. The Executive which met in January, 1936 empowered Dr. McKenzie 'to form a Board of Trustees to make the best arrangements on behalf of the National Christian Council, for the purchase of an annuity, in consultation with Mr. Hodge.' Dr. McKenzie reported that no action had been taken on account of the fact that there had been no guarantee that' the 55 necessary funds would be available. It has been found that the total amount which it would probably be necessary to raise, if certain expected contributions come in, would be about £600. After consultation with Dr. Mott he recommended that this sum might be contributed in equal proportions by the Conference of British Missionary Societies, the Foreign Missions Conference of North America and the National Christian Council.

RESOLVED: X. (a) That the Resolution. of the Executive of December 1 and 2, 1936 about the terms of service of Mr. P. O. Philip and Miss A. B. Van Doren, about the appointment of Dr. R. B. Manikam and about the appoint­ ment of a woman Secretary be approved. (b) That towards the provision of an adequate retiring aUowance for the Rev. J. Z. Hodge tbe Conference of British Missionary Societies and the Foreign Miasions Conference of North America be appealed to to contribute two hundred pounds each and that a sum of two hundred pounds be spread over a period of three years in the budget of the National Chri.tian Council.

XII. Council for 1937-1939

It was reported that the following members had been elected by the Provincial Christian Councils to the National Christian Counci1:-

A ndhra Christian Council: The Rev. J. Roy Strock The Rev. D. Arogyam } for 1~37 and 1938.

Bengal and Assam Christian Council: The Rev. A. M. Spencer } for 1937 and 1938. Mr. K. O. Addy Mr. S. O. Mukerji } for 1937 to end of 1940. Mr. O. S. Paterson

Bihar and Orissa Christian Council: The Rt. Rev. S. K." Tarafdar} for 1937 an d 1938.. The Rev. W. J. B1995

Bombay Representative Christian Council: Miss Shinde } for 1937 and 1938. The Rev. J. M. Lyle

BU1'ma Christian Council: S'ra Shwe Ba } for 1937 and 1938. The Rev. R. H. L. Slater Dr. U Hla Bu } fo~ 1937 to 1940. The Rev. C. E. Olmstead M.adras .Representative Ohristian Oouncil: The Rt. Rev. J. Sandegren } for 1937 and 1938. Mr. Thomas David The Rev. G. Parker } The Secretary of the Counci1 for 1938 to 1940. Mid-India Representative .Ohristian Oouncil: The Rev. D. A. McGavran The Rev. G. H. Singh } ·for the 8th meeting. Miss E. L.Clinton The Rev. S. T. Navagiri } for the 8th and 9th meetings. P1mjab -Christian Oouncil: Mr. B. L. RaHia Ram Miss G. P. Smith } for 1~37 and 1938. The Rev. S. M. TalibudiD.

U. P. Ohristian Council ~ Mr. G. S. Ingram . Rai Bahadur N. K. Mlikerji } .for Hl37 to 1939 .

Note.-According to tbe Transitory Provisions 'No. 2 adopted by the Council . elected members of the Council present at tbe '1936 meet­ ing of the Council shall retain their membership till before the opening of the next regular meeting of the Council and only till then, whether their present appointm.ent covers two meetings .of the Council or only one'. '

CO-OPTED MEMBERS, OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE On the recommendation of the Nomination Committee it was

RESOLVED: XI. (a> That the following be co-opted members of the Council till the c10ae of the next regular meeting of the Council; 'l'he Rev. P. G. Bhagat. Mr. K. K. Kuruvilla. Mrs. S. K. Chatterji. The Bev. J. McKenzie. Mr. R. M. Chetsingh. The Bishop of Madras. Mrs. Chitambar. The Rev. T. D. Niles. Miss O. C. Cocks. Bishop Pickett. Dr. S. K. Datta. Dr. Galen Scudder. The Bishop of Dornakal. Mr. S. W.Savaraimuthu. The Rev. T. W. Gardiner. The Bishop of Tinnevelly. The Rev. J. L. Goheen. The Rev. M. T. Titus. The Rev. J. S. M. Hooper. Mr. C. T. Venugopal.

(b) That the following be the Officers and the Executive : Chairman: The Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Dornakal. Vice-Chairman: The Rev. J. Me-Kenzie. llonorary Treasurer: The Bev~ iT. Roy ~trock. \ 57

Executive Committee: Mr. K. C. Addy. The Bishop of Madras. Mrs. Chitambar. Rai Bahadur N. K. .Mukerji. Miss O. C. Cocks. Bishop Pickett. Mr. Thomas David. Mr. B. L. Rallia Ram. The Rev .•J. S. M. Hooper. Bishop Sandegren. Mr. J. S. Ingram. Bishop Tarafdar. and that when the Executive is enlarged under the new constitution it ia recommended that the Chairman of the Central Board 'of Higher Education and a medical missionary be appointed aa membera. (e) That only such committees as can' arrange to meet their expenses themselves without drawing on the general funda of the Council be appointed. (d) That 'Mr. B. L. Rallia Ram be appointed Chairman of the Committee on Christian Literature of the National Christian Council ilnd that the Executive be authorised to appoint the members of the Committee. (e) That Miaa A. B. Van Doren, Convener of the Committee on Religious Education be authorized to form a Committee on Religious Education consisting of those connected with organizations for religi­ ous work among young people and who have travel budgets of their own. (f) That Dr. R. B. Manikambe appointed as representative of the Council on the General Committee of the Student Christian Movement. (g) That Biahop Sand~gren. Dr. McGavran and Miss A. B. Van Doren be appointed representatives of the Council on the Committee of the India Sunday School Union. (h) That the Bishop of Domakal and the Rev. J. Z. Hodge be representativea of the Council on the International Missionary Council. (i) That the Rev. M. T. Titus, the Rev. D. A. Chowdhury and the Rev. A. Barakat Ullah be reprelentatives of the Council on the Committee of Management of the Henry Martyn School, Lahore. (j) That the Rev. J. S. M. Hooper, the Rev. J. Z. Hodge and Dr. R. B. Manikam be representatives of the Council on the Committee of the proposed Christian Medical College.

XIII. The Day of Prayer for India Dr. J. H. Maclean raised the question of reconsidering the date of the Day of Prayer for India.

RESOLVED: XII. That the matter be referred to the Executive for consideration.

XIV. Reports submitted to the Council The following reports circulated among the members of the Council are printed in Appendix II. Report of Committee on Religious Education. Report on Christian Medical Work. 58

Report of Committee on Social Hygiene. Report of the Committee on Christian Literature. Report of the Committee on Work among Muslims. Report on the 'National Christian Council Review'.

xv. Vote of Thanks RESOLVED: That the Council expresses it. hearty thanks to the ho.ts and hoate.sea and their colleagues for the moat excellent arrangements made for the accommodation and ho.pitality of the delegates; to the Church of Scotland Minion for their courtesy in placinlr St. Ursula'. School and adjoininlr premiaea at the disposal of the Council; and to the many local friends who had helped in various ways to make the stay of the delelratea in Nagpur comfortable and pleasant. After prayer and benediction the Council separated.

(Sd.) V. S. DORNAKAT.J, Chairman.

J. Z. HODGE } P. O. PHILIP Secretaries. A. B. VAN DOREN APPENDIX I

REPORTS OF PROVINCIAL CHRISTIAN COUNCILS

Andhra Christian Council

To gain any adequate idea of the influence of the Andhra Christian Council in extending the influence of Christian fellowship and in encourag­ ing co-operative efforts and co-ordination of Christian agencies one must read very generously between the lines in the paragraphs which immediately follow;- L Evangelism The Forward Movement in Evangelism is well under way in the Andhra country; many are the reports of encouraging results from the seven­ weeks period of preparation, week of witnessing, and other special efforts either originating in or taking new life from this special emphasis on Evangelism. In one field a very ambitious programme of teaching village Christians hymns and Bible texts has met with encouraging su'Ccess. The enormous amount of labour involved in judging the contests is considered very well spent when cognizance is taken of the improvement in spiritual life and in ability to witness for Christ on the part of illiterate village Christians. In another area it has beeome almost the habit to engage in special evangelistic efforts in a limited area with a large group of workers, many of them volunteers. with .a view to presenting the Christian challenge definitely to groups which previously had been only casually reached by the Christian message. A particularly ambitious effort in this line has had to be postponed because of the devastating eyc1one. As in 1933, again in 1935, a great Christian convention was held in Bezwada. The attendance, about 15,000, was about the same as in the case of the first convention but the arrangements were much more satis­ factory. The use of a loud speaker obviated the necessity for crowding in the main pandal and made it possible to use a separate amplifier in the women's pandal so that mothen; who sat there with their children could hear as well as those in the main group. It is difficult to assess the value of such conventions but one testimonv is very revealing. It was remarked that 'the unity of the Christian faith was strengthened by the fellowship of thousands of Christians representing all castes and communities . . . '. Among benefits derived from the meetings 'were 'a new ('ourage when one sees the power of the Gospel of ,r esus Christ, which in a few short decades has so permeated the Andhra Desha, . . .: a ne'," vision of the millions who vet must hear the Gosnel . . .; a new determination . . . , by the help of God. to live lives worthy of the name we bear'. Lyrical evan!!elism continues a matter of great interest in our area. Ocea~idn8.l periods of intensive stndy in sehools conducted bv the Council has yielded enconraging reHult.H. One of the early stndents of these schools haA passed the Government Higher Examination in Indian Music, the first Telugu Christian to have achieved that distinction. Other former students are now engaged in regular year-round teaching of music in Christian insti­ t.utions; one in a seminary, one in a training school for teachers, and one in a community school. The usual Call to Prayer for the National Christian Council and Call to Week of Prayer under the Evangelical Alliance continue to be published and distributed. This year the first Sunday in Dec-ember was made the occasion for speciq,l addresses by o~cerB of this Council on the work of the Na.tional Christian Council. 60

2. Education With respect to elementary flducation, the Champion scheme for con­ centration has on the whole been shelved but now the proposed amendments to th~ Elementary Education Act seem to be weH on the way to accomplishing that which the Champion scheme could not carry through. As is usually the case under such circumstanees,' the Council is active through its Education Committee and the Missionary Educational Council in an effort to see that the interests of the under-pl'ivil~ged classes are protected. In the Nizam's Dominions also reorganisation of education is proceeding and the committee of. the C?uncil on Education in the Dominions is watching developments ~lth a View to taking advantage of all opportunities for .exerting helpful mfluence. The problem of adult illiteracy is engaging earnest attention. Preli­ minary experimentation with the LaubDlCh literacy charts and a recent eonference with Dr. Laubach on the problems involved have issued in an ambitious programme with a view to determining what method is best for the Telugu country. It will then be the work of the Education Committee to see that the experience of the' specialists is made available to all Christian workers of our area who are interested in teaching adult to read. Religious education, particularly with respect to young people, has occupied the attention of our Council from the earliest ·days. Recently some very splendid programmes have been developed and extended throughout one or more mission areas. The feeling that experience in the field of one mission or Church should be made available to all has issued in the appoint­ ment of a special sub-committee to enquire into the situation and make recommendations.

3. Literaw:re The production of Christian literature is still something of a problem but the distribution of literature already published is still more of a pro­ blem. With a view, therefore, to closer co-ordination of these two functions and to an extension of the usefulness of Christian literature, the Council is preparing a five-year programme of Christian literature. Some of the activities of the literature committee are represented by the following: publi­ cation of a united lyric book, preparation ofa standard version of the Lord's Prayer, preparation of commentaries of Telugu. Telugu religious periodicals are exerting a great influence. Six monthlies send out a total of 74,187 copies twelve times a year and one weekly rea.ches 700 subscribers. In any comprehensive programme for Christian literature the contribution which pub1i('ations such 'as these can make mnst certainly be given due consideration.

4. Mass MOfJements Accessions to the Christian Church by groups still continue in the Andhra country and Christia.n forces here are increasingly interested in sympatheti. cally critical studies of these phenomena. To help meet this need, a Telugn edition of a summary of Dr. Pickett's Ohristian Mass Movem.ents in India has been published. °The second survey with special reference to the Sudra movement has been the subject of much discussion. A consideration of the findings of this study under the guidance of Bishop PiCKett is one of the main reasons for a meeting of a enlarged Executive Committee of this Couneil in January next. 5. Refuge Home jor Wom.en The question of a refuge home for women, first before the Conncil in 1919, seems now well on the way toward a happy issue. The prospect is that there will soon emerge from thiFl long and thorough discussion a union scheme which is Teally sound; sOllnd as regards finanC'e, equipment, staff and programme, ' 6. Rural Reconstruction '1'he established activities of our area in the realm of village improvement are continuing as usual. Extension of medical service into rural areas has been enhanced in one area where the newly-formed District Economic Council has requested the Mission hospital travelling dispensary to pay regular visits to the village which has been chosen for their special actiVIty. In another case a selected group of village workers has been given a short course in dispensing medicines for simple diseases in preparation for the sale of medicmes in the villages. These agents return periodically present­ ing the history of each case for the advice of the phYSIcian regarding the continuation of the treatment, replenishing their stock of medicines, awl securing further information and encouragement relative to their -work. In another area Christian workers who have had special training with an agri­ ellitural missionary are reported to be successfully eng,aged in advising Christiau ryots regarding improved methods of agricultural practice. 7. Church H isto'ry '1'he 1935 biennial meeting of the Council voted to establish a society for the special study' of the history of the Church in the Anuhra couutry. Not much progress can be reported but with several inuividuals enthusias­ tically interested and firmly convinceu of the great importance of such a venture this subject is Gertain to receive intelJigent and persistent attention. tl. Reorganisation The question of reorganisation of the National and Provincial Councils has been followed by ollr Council with very great interest. !:lince, however, we are concerned with a one-language area, have always been bilingua,l in our meetings, have been meeting biennially instead of annually the need for reorganisation is not so evident in this area. Nevertheless, there is some feeling that the organisation of regional conferences would. help to extend the usefulness of the Council and bring the Churches into closer relationship with the Provincial and National Christian Councils. This sub­ ject will be thoroughly discussed at the meeting of the enlarged. Executive Committee in January next. Again the Andhra country has been visited by a terrible storm. In an effort .to aid in repairing the damage and relieving distress; this Couneil has uniteu with the Madras Representat.ive Christian Council and the National Christian Council in issuing an appeal for contributions. Naturally one concern of the Council in this connection will be to see that funds made available are distributed in such a" manner as to be of the greatest use to the largest number without discredit to the Christian enterprise.

A. T. FISHMAN, Hony. Secretary.

Bengal and Assam Christian Council Since I reported last the following matters have engaged the attention of the Council:

1. Evangelis1n EvanO'elism has been one of the most vital questions that have been considered by the Coupcil in 1935 and 19.36. Dr. Stanley Jones'. visit ~ these parts gave a great impetus.. Dr. Jones ~ddressed large audIences III Calcutta., 'Dacca, Ban~ura. A strong Committee was formed to follow up Dr. Jones' work. 2. Bengali Ohristian Literature We have now a Christian Literature Board for Bengal. This Board consists of members representing the Council and other Christian organisa­ tions in this province. Quite a number of books on various subjects have been published. The Board has before it suggestions for more books suit­ able for children and villagers. 3. Women's Work . The Women's Work Committee have considered a plan for training hIgher grade women workers and also the provision of a holiday house for women teachers at Mount Hermon, Darjeelmg. A holiday house has been run this year with great success. 4. Higher Education (a) The Council a& well as the B & A Board of Christian Higher Edu­ cation, is considering a memorandum drawn up by the Principais of the Christian Colleges in Bengal. (b) As a result of the s~ey of the Christian High Schools in this area a proposal has been· made for the opening of a traming institution for Matriculates. The Council with the help of the B & A Board of Christian Higher Education is considering this proposal. 5. Jl ernacular Theological Education A proposal to open a united vernacular Theological School was made and a Committee was appointed to draw up a scheme. The scheme was drawn up but owing to the difficulty of finding a Principal for this school, the ~atter has been dropped for the present. A Regional Conference for this area was held this year at Bishnupur in February. Among other things the function and constitution of the N.C.C. and the B & A Christian Council were considered. We are very grateful for the help of the secretaries of the National Christian Council and Mr. Paton at these meetings as well as at the Council meetings.

S. K. CHATTERJ1, Hon. Secretary.

Bihar and Orissa Christian Council Officers For a few years up to January 1936 Bishop Tarafdar was our PresideuL. Owing to his enl~rged sphere of work resulting from his appointment as Assistant Bishop in the diocese of Calcutta and his change of residence from Bhagalpur to Krishnagar in Bengal he felt it necessary to resign from this post while remaining on our Executive Committee. To succeed, Bishop Kennedy of Chota Nagpur was appoint~ as our President but most un­ fortunately he was invalided home early in the year and since then Rev. P. John of Patna, our Vice-President, has borne the burden of the Council business. Also we have to mention the loss through death of Rev. G. C. Glossop who was a leader in our midst in educational matters and a member of the Executive. Rev. K. L. Weller retired from the secretarysh~p .WheJ?-1 he went on furlough in July last year and I took oyer. his dn.ti~:' O\ving: to the heavy pressure of work on the ~~t~·. it has b.een f.eJt t.O: ·be necesslLTy to divide up ~~. work' andsiRce· last:· yeait' '·Rev.· A.! S~ Crowe J of Ranchi has heeD"ili.ch~e of a.u. tliei':Ewngelisticactivities.. ·of the· Council,·while this year'Mr. ·S.· K. Roy was appointed to look after Tem­ perance and Socia.l Questions. '1'e1tl-perarwe and Social Questions blllce Iv1r. Donald lvll1ter of Purulia drew the attention of the Council to tile illcreasillg drunkelllless ill the pro~illce resultmg from tile challge 111 Wc J!jXClse polIcy of Government about to:ur years ago, the Uounc~l has taken an illcreasmg interest ill tIllS matter. lVliss J. .li:. Uopela.nd of the W .U.'l'. U., Delhi, ma.de an ellquiry (ava.ila.ble in ,English a.na limdl) into the sta.te of a.ffairs and gave her I'eport in the meetmg of the COUllCll la.st yea.r. This enqmry revea.led a most serious state :of afia.irs, and 111 August .LiIS Excellency the Governor received a. deputation from the COUllcl1 to hear complaill[;s a.gainst th~ Outstill system more especiaHy and suggestions for the removal of these. As a result of this representation Government t<;>ok steps to raise the price of liquor in the MillIng loca.lity of Dhanbau, and questions were asked in the Legisla.tive Council. But actually the situatlOn is not much better than before genera.lly in the province. Miss Copela.nd made a tour of the province during last cold weather and aroused some interest whereby local 'l'emperance organisa.tions were formed in some places and a Divisional Branch of the W. C. T. U . came into being. But solid Temperance propaganda and education both in the Christian commu­ nity and outside, especially among the aboriginals and low caste people is vital if any kind of progress is to be made. An a.ddress on the Immora.l Traffic in 'Women and Girls ,vas given at the last meeting of the Council by Mr. S. C. Mukherji of Calcutta. But nothing by way of following up this matter has been attempted. It is felt that the vice does exist in the industrialised parts of the province more especially but unless much time is given it is almost impossible to get reliable facts as to the extent of the evil, and remedial measures are even more difticult to bring into action.

Aftiliatiol~ The amendment of our Constitution was completed at the last Council meeting whereby the Santal Christian Council becomes an affilia.ted body ha.ving five representatives on the Provincial Council. Also this year one Church body, being the churches of the B.M.S. in Bihar, has b~me affiliated. Tha.t gives a. total of 16 affiliated bodies. Regional Conference One day during the last meeting of the Council 'was set ap~rt for t~e consideration of the future of the N .C.C. and our own CouncIl. In thIS Rev. 'N. Paton a.nd Rev. J. Z. Hodge were present. Three groups got down to three aspects of the question, viz. the Organisation of the Councils, the Building up of the Church I a.nd Eva.ngelisation in the Province. T~o findings of the first group were accepted, after amendment, by the CounCll, a.nd the others noted for genera.l guidance. Whe~ ~he ~uggestion~ were referred to the Missions and Churches only one MIssIon dissented VIZ. the Dublin University Mission. In relation to th~ reorganisation of the Pro­ vincial Council the first proposal was 'That Regional Councils be formed for Orissa, Chota Nagpur, and Bihar, on the analogy of the Santal C.O.' The Executive referred this recommendation to the Missions and Churches of the areas concerned for action. It appears that the Orissa Churches want a Provincial Council of their own and are taking steps to bring this into. effect. In Bihar and Chota Nagpur no steps have been taken so far to implement the resolution of the Executive Committee. Evangelism . It is too. early yet to be able to give any complete report of the activities of the Bihar and Orissa Council for the y~r 1936 lj.s 80 far few reports have been sent. There has been development both in regard to the number of a~eas in which special Evangelism Campaigns have. been taken up, and m the a.mount of intelligent interest and co-operatIOn on the part of those who ha"e thrown thelll~elve~ into this work. 'We expect to have a detailed report to present in our Provincial Council meetingt; in February H}37. '.rhe English pledge card sent us from the N.C.C. office has been translated into Hindi, and they are being widely used in forthcoming campaigns. The card has been translated into Ooriya, and there has been a fair demand for them. In the coming campaign in March in Chota Nagpur they will be widely made use of. As regards Chota l\agpur, this year's 'Week of \Yitness' was a distinct advance upou the two previous ones. The idea that it is really inteuded to be a time of witne~~lI1g ou the part of the rank amI tile of the churches is taking hold. Many more took part iu ~OIlle form of testimony than heretofore. Following after the '\Veek' lIlonthly meetiugl:i for wituess bearillg havtl been couducted in nearby villagel:i. l,'rom Hazaribagh COllle~ report of a particularly encouraging oULeOllle of this year's 'Week of \Yitness'. This year':; endeavour was considered to be a great improvement upou the two previous efforts. Oue result has been that in one area in which for a loug time faithful work has been carried on without much to ~hew, ther.e has beeu a break, Hud thirty enquirers are. now under instructIOn. The N.C.C. Bulletin No. 2 has been widely circula~d amongst Indian pastors and workers.

Hural Prublems The convener of last year's comllliLLee conducted an enquiry in the province under the uirectiou of your Rural Problems Seeretary, Bishop Lapp. At present ollr standing committee l:ieeUJl; Lo be doing 1Iothing but in lllany Missions and Churches atteution is beil1g paid to aspccLs of tile problem.

The N.C.C. 111ctuo U1l Christiall Marriagl' alld Divorce

This is still lIurler con:;ideration by the ChurdlCl:i aud 11:i to be taken up in the next meeting of the COllnci1.

Christian Education There is nothing of importance before the COllncil at present.

Evallgelisation iu Relation to the Depres.sed Classes Thit> it> to be taken up. at the next meeting of the Council.

Cliristian Representation ill the Legislature. In response to an urgent request from Government the Council made itt>elf respont>ible for nominating the. l>rotestant half of the panel of the Electoral College. This hat> recently been done. But. tbis is an activity that is more in the province of the Indian Christian ASl:ioeiatioll and it is hoped that by the time of the next election this As&ociation will be suffi· ciently organised to undertake this work;. Finance The COlincil' undertook heavy commitments last year with regard· to Tem­ perance and Evang~listic activ'itieo with the result that the year 1935-3ti closed with a small deficit, But \\ ith careful spending it is hoped that the end of this year will see liS in funds again. It is regrettable that the largest church in the Province, viz., tbe Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church, is passing through a time of great hardship, and is short of funds to finance its work. Unfortunately it is not yet free of internal conflict .

. R p~ PRYCE; Hony. 8~~ret~ry. 65

Bombay Christian Council

The Council met in the Y.M.C.A. Hall in Wodchouse Road on 5th September and on 7th September, 1936, under the chairmanship of the Rev. Dr. Edward Fairbank. The Council w.as opened on both occasions with a short service of worship conducted by the Rev. J. S. M. Hooper, M.A., General Secretary of the Bible Society, who also preached at a special service held in St. Columba's Church of Scotland on Sunday, 6th September. Mr. Hooper's addresses on these occasions formed a very helpful series of thoughts on the Kingdom of God. Their influence was felt throughout the meetings of the Council. They have since been published in the N.C.C. Review. On the initiative of the N .C.C. the Council diseussed the question of the status and rights of Indian Christians with special reference to those from the Depressed Classes and a resolution was passed urging the N.C.C. to take the matter up with the Government in so far as it was a question affecting Indian Christians throughout India and at the same time request. ing the Council's own Public Questions Committee to collect information on the same subject ,\-ithin the province anu to make representations to the Government of Bombay. The Council also passed resolutions giving support to the Amendment to the Sarda Act and to the Bill before the Legislative Assembly at Delhi for the removal of the legal disabilities of the Depressed Classes. With regard to its own reorganisation the Council was interested ill a snggestion put before it by the Regional Conference, that the work of the Council would be more effectively undertaken if its activities \\ere divided into two sections, one in Gujarat and one ill Maharashtra. The two sections would meet separately, but there would be a co-oruiuating council through which both sections would be affiliated to the N.C.C. The Council did not express any opinion on this suggestion but instructeu its Executive Committee to give it careful consiueration. The Council was also interested in the sugg~stion of the Regional Conferent:e that there shoulu be a library which would meet the need of Christian workers in \Vestern India for some repository of books, documents and complete files of periouicals bearing on their work. The Executive Committee was instructed to make plans for carrying out such a scheme. From the Report of the Education Board it was seen that there has been considerab~ development in the line of vocational education and further schemes are being planned. The Committee au Higher Education has specially interested itself in the question of resiuential High School Edu· cation for boys in Maharashtra and in connection 'with College Education the plea was again made for the co-operation of all Missions in the provi. sion of scholarships for Christian stuuents to enable them to attend the Christian Colleges at Bombay and Nagpur. It is a ilisturbing thought that for reasons, economic or otherwise, so many Christian students enrolled in non-Christian colleges. The reports of the two Evangelistic Committees-Marathi and Gujarati­ were both very inspiring, and gave the Council great encouragement and reljlson for great hopes for the future. Members of the Council "ho had experience of Council Meetings for some years back remarked on the striking development of this side of the Council's work and on the new spirit and new enthusiasm revealed by these reports. Both sections of the Literature Committee were able to report new publications. In, Gujarati especially a large number of very useful leaflets had been published and uistributeu" The Council was honoured by the presence of Mr. P. C. Philip anu also of Mr. E. A. Annett both of whom addressed the Council. The general impression was that the Twenty.fifth Meeting of the Council was a good one and that the inspiration whicll gave life to the meetings woul-eJ 5 66

be a great enc:ouragElment to all the Missions represented in their several areas of work. WILLIAM MARTIN, Hony. Secretary.

The Burma Christian Council

'1'he Burma Christian Council has ~ompleted the twenty-third year of its service, during which time it has attempted to co-ordinate and make more effective activi3ies of the various Christian bodies in the Province. '1'he work undertaken has been chiefly along the lines set forth by the National Christian Council. The local Coun~il has made worthy contributions to the cause of Christ in Burma. At present the follO\\'ing departments of work are receiving greater emphasis:- 1. Christian Education Education in Burma, in common with education in India and certaill­ other lands, has at certain stages of its development, been largely the work of Christian missions. However, education in Burma is becolllillg more and more, and rightly so, a function of Government. Though it it:; still true that the Christian school holds a large and important plaee ill the educational system. The Burma Christian Council hal) done mueh to make more effective the educational programmes of the various missions. The Council has been able to deal effectively ",ith certain matters pertaining to Government which would have been impractical if not impossible if a single mission had been concerned. One particular was the matter of securing a substantial reduction in taxes for schools in Rangoon. Under the direction of the Committee of Extension and Research the Burma Christian Council has held annual institutes for teachers, alternating from year to year between Vernacular and Anglo-Vernacular. The report for the Anglo·Vernacular Institute for 1936 shows all attendance of 337 teachers, of whom 190 were women. The enrolment was drawn from 60 schools, of which 32 "-ere mission schools, 3 Government schools, 3 national schools and the remainder of various types. These 60 schools represented 28 cities and to"\vns. There was a wide programme of work, covering the field from kindergarten to high school. The Christian emphasis was very definite. It is hoped that Government will accept this beginning and will begin a programme of vacation training for teachers which will be on a larger scale than is possible with an organization such as the Council. 2_ Rural Reconstruction In common with many other countries, Burma has, in recent years, placed a strong emphasis upon Rural Reconstruction. Nature is very kind to the people of Burma in providing a rich soil, a mild climate and an abundant rainfall. Life is made easy and there has been an undue attempt to take too much advantage of these factors. As a matter of fact the very factors which offer such advantages have tended to make for poverty. While in no way connected witb the Council, the Pyinmana Agricultural School and c;ertain of the teachers at .Judson College have carried out certain projects in close co-operation with the Council. Activities have been along the line of sanitation, road-building, water supply, lavatories, home economics and numerous other activities which normally fall within the province of Rural Reconstruction. 3. Ohristian Literature The Burma Christian Council is vitally concerned with the production and distribution of Christian literature. For a num~r of years the American 67

Baptist and the ~merican Methodist h~ve co-op~rat~d ~n pl'ovi~ng the services of a missIOnary for the productIOn and dIstributIOn of literature. It is hoped that a wider co-operation may be secured and that this work may become more represen.ta~ive of Christ~a~ missions as a whole. It. has been mentioned that a mISSIonary supervIslllg a work such as mentIOned above might become the permane~t secretar.) of the Burr.na Church Council, thus providing an office and makmg the work more contmuous. Conclusion The Council has been instrumental in co-operative programmes in numerous other ways, as language study and examinations, temperance, public questions, etc. It is a great disappointment to many that so little is being done in a c:oncerted way for more general evangelistie effort. There seems to be a real danger of overlooking the building in our coheeI'll ,\'ith the seaffolding. One would in no wise minimise these other aetivities per se, but certainly tpe direct presentation of the Gospel should receive due emphasis. If we are to be true to our call, then evangelism must be our first aim. One can but hope that the Provincial Council will follow the lead set by the National Council in placing a strong emphasis upon the work of winning souls to Christ. H. O. WYATT, Secretary.

Madras Representative Christian Council Hi8torical This Council came into being as a result of a series of conferences held in India and Cevlon ,yith Dr. John R. Mott in the cool season of 1912-13. The first of "these conferences met in Madras in November 1912 and gave a lead to the formation of Representative Provincial Councils and a National Council. The M.R.C.C. has passed through two stages of co-operation and is now launching on a third stage by the starting of regional conferenees with a view to come into closer contact with the 'rank and file' of the Church in this Province which has the largest Christian com­ munity in India. Meetings There were two annual meetings of the Council. eight meetings of the Executive Committee and a special Conference with the Rev. William Paton during the period under review. Besides furthering in this Provinee the Five-Year Programme of Evangelism sponsored by the N.C.C., the main interest of the Council centred in the consideration of the place and functions of the National and Provincial Christian Councils and in the re-organisation of the M.R.C.C. Our effort has been to strengthen the Council by making it more truly representative and by giving wider pUblicity to its activities so that it may give a stronger lead to the Christian, forces in the Council area and help them to make more successful use of their united resources in extending the work of the Kingdom of God. Forward Movement in Evangelism Evangelism has been the guiding factor in all the actiyities of the Council. The Central Committee on Evangelism and its associate nine regional com· mittees . have been doing their best to quicken the evangelistic spirit in the Churches and release lay forces to face new opportunities. The evangelistic tour of Rev. S. S. Clarke as a speci~l Missioner of the M.R.C.C. helped the Churches greatly in preparing for the Forward Movement. There was a large demand for the seven pamphlets on Evangelism, which were published in Tamil, Malayalalll and Kanarese. The 'Opeu Letter' to the' 'Depressed' classes issued by the Chairmau' of the N.C.C. hal:> also beeu published in the chief vernac.:ulars of the Province and it is found very helpful in our approach to the non-caste people. The evangelistic effortt:; and fruitful results in the Dharapuram region of the Coimbatore District and the Ezhava Movement in 'l'ravancore deserve special mention. In regard to the latter, it is gratifying to report that the various Church bodies in Travancore are facing the situation in a spirit of co-operation, Voluu­ teers ar~ being trained III large numbers to instruct enqUIrers and prepare them for baptism, A good many have accepted Christ as their Saviour and joined the Church by baptism. The recent proclamation throwing open the State temples to the avarnas may mean a temporary check to the great movement towards Christ; but the Evangel is being proclaimed with great zea,l and singleness of purpose under the guidance of the Spirit of Uod. 8pecial opportunity demands special effort and above all earnest aud fel'Veut prayer of all who believe in the evangelistic possibilities of the present day.

Regional Conference8 At the last Annual Meeting the members of the Council l'ealised. the urgency of the need for MiSSIOns and Churches to come doser together and co-ordinate their activities to a greater extent than has been possible before. The Council' agreed on the holding of five regional conferences, at which the language of the area might be used as far as possible. At each conference, which will have larger representation from the region than 011 the M.B.C.C., the work in the area would be regularly surveyed, oppor­ tunities for expansion noted, special local problems consIdered, and reportt:; submitt~d to the M.R.C.C. whIch would try to co-ordinate the whole ~nter­ prise and give guidance based on· wider experience to meet the local situation. 'l'he Central Council, which for the present forms the M.R.C.C., is, to, hold its general meeting in 1938 and the fiye regional conferences namely (1) North Tamil, (2) Central Tamil, (3) South Tamil, (4) Kerala, and (5) Kanares€, are to meet in their respective regions in 1937 and make recommendations to the ellla1:ged Executive Committee of the M.B.C.C., with regard to their working and revisioll of the Constitution to meet the requirements of the new situation. In thir:; Ollr forward move we seek the advice of the N.C.C. for right guidance.

German Mi88ions The German Missions and Churches in India subsidised by them had to face a very difficult financial situation on account of the restrictions imposed upon the sending of money from Germany. We are grateful that through the efforts of the National and International Missionary Councils, the German Missions in this Council area have received financial help through the generous co-operation of Missionary bodies in Britain and other places.

A Training CoUegc for Men Graauafes at Madra8 We are grateful to report that. the proposed Training Colleg~ for wen graduates which seemed a forlorn hriI!e till a few months ago, IS to come into existence soon. The Colleges Appeal Pund Committee in Britain has guaranteed a sum of £5,300 towards expenditure for five y.ears. Five. Mis­ sionary Bodies besides the, Methodist . Mission have promised. financial co-operation in varying degrees. The University of Madras has been approached with a view to the recogllition df the' College from June 1937.

Social Hygiene At one of the annual meetings, the Council considered the problem of Traffic in Women and Children and published a statement pieparEld by the Bishop of Madras, showing the present situatioIl and indicating how the Churche.s could actively co-operate with other bodies in matters relating 69 to the suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children and commercialised vice. The question of Birth-Control was also brought before the Council. The special SUb-Committee on this subject found it impossible to submit a ,definite statement owing to great difference of opinion held by the members. Bishop Sandegren presented a memorandum on the snbject indicating the views which in his opinion the Protestant Church ought to express on an important question like this. The matter has been referred to the Christian Medical Association of India for an expression of expert opinion. Public Questions Besides continuing its efforts in facing the problem of liquor traffic, the Public Questions Committee of the Council issued statements to the Churches on the Christian position regarding the evils of gambling and corruption and pointed out the urgent need for co-operation on the part of Churches and other Christian organizations to check these evils. At the August 1936 session of the Conncil a resolution 'YaS passed in support of the amendments to the Child l\farriage Restraint Act of Hl2!1. proposed in Mr. B. Das' Amending Bill, urging the members of the Legis­ lative Assembly and the Government of India to pass the Bill. The National Christian Council The M.R.C.C. works in hearty co-operation with the N.C.C. and valnef; greatly the guidance and leadership of the officers of the National Conncil. Rev .•J. Z. Hodge was present with ns at both the annual meetings ana all the N.C.C. Secretaries attended the special Conference at Madras "'ith Rev. W. Paton in January 1936. The N.C.C. was urged to undertake research so that a clear-cut programme may be formulated for the guidance of the Christian Church in social action. The recommendations of the Executive Committee of the N.C.C. 'with regard to its reorganisation have met \yith the general approval of the M.R.C.C. -Special efforts were made to broadcast the work of the N.C.C'. at the time of the Day of Prayer besides publishing the Call to Prayer in the languages of the Province and distributing it widely among the Churches at the expense of this Conncil. We have been able to pay the allotted contribution of Rs. 400 to the N.C.C. during the period nnder review. The relationship between the two bodies is becoming more and more intimate as the work is on the increase. A full-time Secretary The effective working of the new scheme of reorganisation of the M.R.C.C. and the increasing work involved in carrying out the directions of ,the National Council have made the Regional Conference which met at Madras early this year realise the need of 'a full-time Recretary for the l\LR.C.C.. if that is at all possible.'

THOMAS DAVID, Hony. Secretar1/.

Mid-India Christian Council For some years past it has been the custom for the three Associations which, are concerned 'with the. evangelistic, educational and medical work of Missions throughout the Mid-India area, to hold their annual meetings in the same place and at the same time as the Council itself meets. This has been an undoubted help and stimulus to both Council and Associations, and is perhaps' to some considerable" extent. responsible for the widespread interest 'in the work of the Council, and readiness to co-operate with it in meeting the increasing opportunities that face'the Council in all parts of the area. 70

But the time seems to have come when this fellowship wlIl be no longer possible. The growing numbers make difficult the securing of accommodation in any of the available centres. This year it was due to the kindness of the Nagpur people that a combined meeting was at all possible, and the tax on those responsible for entertainment has been much greater than 'we call expect to have repeated indefinitely. Dr. llfott's Visit The Council was this year very 'specially favoured by the vis~t of f>r. J. R. Mott, who found it possible to be present at a number of sessions of the Council, and whose wide experience in every part of the world gave a unique significance to his addresses to the Council and Associations. We are deeply indebted to Dr. Mott for his helpful and inspiring presence, and for the various ways in which the Council benefited from his advice and leadership. l1zc1'easing Interest. The past two years have been in many ways the most significant in the history. of th Council. The latter has come to take a larger place in the counsels of the Missions and Churches throughout the area, and the response to its efforts and suggestions has been very gratifying. More and more is it coming to render a very necessary service in the work of the Kingdom, and to be a medium for the extension of co-operative work along a variety of lines. The following paragraphs will indicate something of what it has been able to accomplish in this connection. M a.'1s Movement Work As arranged for in the Council meeting of 1935, an evangelistic survey of parts of the Mid-India area was undertaken by Bishop Pickett, accompanied by Dr. D. A. McGavran and Rev. G. H. Singh. In all, nine sections of the area were visited, and reports of the work done in each have since been issued. These reports cover parts of a very widespread area, ranging .from sections where the Divine Spirit \vas manifestly working, and hundreds being brought to Christ, to others where as yet little has been accomplished, though the doors: are now opening on every side, and the promise of the future is assured, where faithful and purposeful work is done. The opportunity among aboriginal peoples and depressed classes is especially insistent, and the call to consecrated and believing effort throughout the whole area is a clarion one. Evangelism In view of the widespread interest in the Gospel message in so many parts of the field, it is gratifying to be able to report a growing devotion to the whole matter of evangelism among the Churches of the Mid-India area. The services held in connection with the Forward Movement ill Evangelism proved a great blessing in many of our Churches, an~ resulted. in a deeper interest in the work, and a more definite consecration to the service of Christ, in bringing others to know Him. Numbers of cases have been reported where individual congregations have assumed obligations to evangelise their immediate area, far in advance of anything that has been attempted in the past. C01J..nsellor on Evangelism For two years past. the Council has had under consideration the appoint­ ing of a Counsellor on Evangelism, to keep in touch with and stimulate the interest of the various Missions and Churches of the area in the work of Evangelism. It was at first hoped to secure the services of one who could give his whole time to this work. This did not prove possible, but at its last meeting the Council entered upon negotiations with Dr. D. G. McGavran looking forward to his giving half· time servi~,. with the consent .71 of his Mission. Dr. McGavran bas already a wide acquaintance with con­ ditions in the various parts of the field, and if an annual working fund of TIs. 2,000 can be raised (Rs. 1,000 per annum has already been pledged) Dr. McGavran will undertake the task, and we look forward to greatly increased interest and effort on the part of Missions and Churches, as a result of his service. Co-operation Co-operation between the various departments of Church and Mission work has definitely increased during the past two years. The old lines of demarcation are being to some extent obliterated, and the essential oneness of the work is being more insistently emphasised. Long-recognised boundaries are being changed to meet the demands of more effective and unified work. An interesting example of the possibilities of the situation is afforded by a suggestion that has recently been under consideration by the Council. Straitened finances and loss of workers has made it im­ possible for two neighbouring Missions to overtake the developing work in a large area for which they have been jointly responsible, and the Council bas suggested the advisability of adjoining sections of these two fields being offered to another Mission which might be ready to go in and care for the work. The Missions concerned have agreed to this, and another Mission is finding it possible to undertake the work, so that what might have been under the old conditions a neglected area is now assured (.1' having its developing needs more adequately met. Dr. Yohan Masih. The Council has had to mourn, during the past year, the loss through death of one of its most efficient members, Dr. lohan Masih, who at the time of his passing was president of the Council. Dr. Masih was too well known throughout India to require an en umeration of the services he has rendered to the cause of Christ in India. As a mem bel' of the National Christian Council Executive Committee for many years his loss will be suitably recognised at this meeting. To the Mid-India Council his loss is incalculably great, and his place will be difficult to fill. Vve thank God for what he was able to do, not for Mid-India alone, but for other parts of this land, and for the service he rendered to the Church throughout India. National Christian Council This report would not be complete without some mention, however inadequate, of the help we have received in a variety of ways, from the National Christian Council. It was our good fortune to have associated with us in our recent meetings the secretaries of the Council, and owe much to their presence and co-operation. And all through the year, in the many ways in which they are finding it possible to help us to make work more effective, we are being laid under a debt not to be easily estimated or lightly carried. We thank God for the National Christian Council, and for the splendid service it is rendering to the cause of Christ in India. F. H. RUSSETJL, Hony. Secretary.

Punjab Christian Council Since the National Christian Council met at Nagpur in December 1934, two sessions of the Punjab Christian Council have been held, and the following is a brief statement of the work done during these two sessions and the intervening 'period. 72

1. Conference on Village Problems Two conferences on village problems have been held. Their reports had been separately published. Dr. E. D. Lucas and Messrs. Fazal have visited various Church Councils and mission meetings to discuss with them a plan for a Christian rural programme :in the Punjab. Thus a great deal of interest has been created and practical work started in many centres through pastors and missionaries. 2. Constitution oj the Council The constitution of the Council has been revised with the result tbat the Churches and Missions have now an equal representation. Their contri" bution to the funds of the Council, however, are based on two different principles and so the Church Councils comparatively have to make a lesser contribution. 3. Indian Christians and the Indian Army A committee had been appointed to draw up a memorial to His late Majesty King George V, humbly praying that the Indian Christian CItizens of His Majesty may have an equal oppoctunity to serve His late Majesty's armies. A reply was received that the memorial was placed before His Majesty, but he was not pleased to issue any order. This IS a question which should be taken up by the National Christian Conncil. 4. St. Andrew's Bible Centre The Council was instrumental in starting a converts' home, but this has liOW been taken over by St. Andrew's Brotherhood who have acquired a building of their own. A very useful work is being done. The Home now called St. Andrew's Bible Training Centre makes a report to the Council. 5. Committee on High Schools The Committee on High Schools has been one of the active c,ommittees of the Council having arranged annually a teachers' c,onference and also camps for Christian boys. Several important matters were also considered. When Miss Van Doren visited the Punjab, the Committee met with her and decided upon several important matters. Rev. W. M. Ryburn and Mr. Chetsingh have collaborated in drawing up an outline for psychological observation in schools with a view t.o providing data for examining psycho­ logical characteristics of the Indian children. The experiments are being conducted now. 6. The Literature Committee Three books have been issued during the period, the help having been received from the Indian Literature Fund on the recommendations {If this Committee. 7. Care of the Poor Insane A committee was appointed to investigate the possibility of opening an asylum for poor insane, but the Committee has not been able t,o devise a workable scheme as yet. 8. United Tuberculosis Sanatorium This sanatorium was also started at the initiative of the Council. 'While it has still to struggle for existence, it has managed to continue and do very useful work. The sanatorium needs the services of a fun­ time doctor as the p~esellt incumbent of. the post is likely to leave next year. Both the Government authorities and the public is well pleased with this important work. 9. Evangelistic Campa,ign The Council took up in right earnest the plan of a forward evangelistic movement. An intensive week of evangelistic campaig1l :by the Churches c.ontinues to be observed. The reports of the work done during thes~ weeks are published in the Annual Proceedings of the Council. /II 10. Negotiations with the Government During the two years two or three matters of urgent importance were brought to the attention of the Government and in one cast', at .Ilny rate, satisfactory results were obtained. 11. Revisl:on of Christian Divorce Act The proposals of the National Christian Council Committee, together with a copy of t.he action taken in the National Christian Council meeting in December, 1934, were circulated to the varions Churches in the Pro­ vince and the comments of these bodies were forwarded to the Convener of the National Christian Council Committee. These. are only few of .the important things done. Copies of the fuller proceedings of the Council and its working have already been forwarded to the Secretaries oil the Councils and are also placed at the table of the Council for ('onimltation by those who may wish to know the work of the Conncil in greater detail. B. L. RALLIA RAM, H ony. Se('rrfar!/.

United Provinces Christian Council

A brief report ran of necessity give but little idea of the varied activities of the United Provinces Christian Conneil. Hs Committees an' always at work, and if their operations are not mentioned here, it is merely fol' lack of spare. Our Bulletin No. 28 will show that they are by no means moribund. In this report, however, it is proposed to mention on ly those matters which are of special interest. and they may be grouped as follows:- l. Evangelism Our records show that the Week of Evangelism was observed through. out the Province., but unfortunately a number of churches failed to give us a full report of their activities. The attention of heads of Churches and missions has been drawn to this, and an effort made to link IIp local workers with our Evangelistic Committee through local secretaries in each area. Both the Day of Prayer for India; Burma and Ceylon and the Universal Week of Prayer were observed. In the former case 2,500 copies of the K.C.C. leaflet were distributed, and in the latter case about 3,000. These were printed in Roman-Urdu; copies in English were also used, and some in Hindi, but of these ,ve have no reliable figures. Con­ sideration of our Hl37 Evangelistic Campaign is an item. on the agenda of the February meeting of our Executive Committee. We shall once more call upon our people to take part in direct evangelistic work, and we know that they will readily responq. 2. Work Among. the Depressed Classes Our Rural Church Committee held a successful conference in August and for three days its members gave careful consideration to the many problems which arise in this work. Some excellent suggestions were for­ warded to the Council and adopted, and during the year the various sub­ committees of the Rural Church Committee will be hard at work translating proposals into actuality. Some of these proposals are as follows :-the production of suitable .literature, films, lantern slides and gramophone records; proposals for travelling institutes, and for experiments in co·operative marketing; proposals to deal with the whole qnestion of 74 economic and social uplift. Both the members of the Rural Church Com­ mittee and I()f the Council as a whole have a keen sense of the great oppolitunities which now lie before us, as well as of lur responsibility. The recent movements among the depressed classes are receiving our close attention and earnest study, and many efforts are being made to get into touch with the leaders of the depressed classes. On the motion of the Rural Churoh Committee the Council has urged the N.C.C. to draft a plan of concerted action and to appoint a full·time secretary for Mass Movement work to assist missions and Churches to make the best use of the oppor­ tunities afforded by the present situation.

3. Education The survey of High Schools recently carried out by Miss Van Doren has ,stimulated interest in this branch of the work of the Council, and our Schools Committee has collected and published deta,iled statistics of the high schools in the province, and has taken up its work with fresh enthusiasm. The Board of Christian Higher Education presented to the last meeting of the Council another lengthy and deeply interesting report of its very varied activities, and included a survey of the work done since the Board was formed five years ago. As the members of the Council listened to these reports they realised that the work of thiR Board is of great value and its researches are likely to bear abundant fruit in the life of the whole Church.

4. Miscellaneou.s A Regional Conference was held a,t Lucknow in February 1936 and in consultation with Rev. W. Paton and Bishop J. W. Pickett its members discussed important questions I'elating to the work of our Council and its relation to the N.C.C. As most of the recommendations then made have been forwarded to the N.C.C. and some of them have already been con­ sidered by its Executive Committee, there is no need to refer to them here. Suffice it to say that the members of the Conference welcomed this opportunity of overhauling the machinery of our Council and of making suggestions regarding the constitution of the N.C.C. As the work of this Council grows in importance and in complexity it becomes increasingly evident that more and more attention must be given to questions of repre­ sentation and function, as well as to the efficiency of the machinery. In the latter connection we have before us a proposal to combine with another Province in the appointment of a full-time Secretary. Everywhere there is an earnest desire to make the best use of the considerable resources which the Council now possesses. It is on this note that this brief report may well conclude. We have a great task before us in this 'Day of the Open Door', as we were reminded in a pamphlet recently issued by the N.C.C. We have to explore ollr resources and bring them more and more into active operation. But while we speak of organisation and functIon we do not forget that our ultimate resources are to be found in Christ alone. To whom shall we go but unto Him? He has the words of eternal life.

W. H. RUSSErJTJ, Hony. Secreta'TlI_ APPENDIX II

(a) REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON REUGIOUS EDUCATION Owing to financial eLringency, this committee has been UlH1ble to meet, though one meeting of a small sub-committee has been held. In spite oC this handicap, it has been possible to carry through a part of the programme outlined at the Delhi meeting of the committee in 1934. 1. Matters arising from, the Delhi Meeting (1) A Study of the Psychological Characteristics of the Indian Child. 'rhis study was initiated by Rev. Y'il. M. Ryburn of Kharar, Punjab, and will be continued by bim Oil his return from furlough in 1~37. (2) Religious Beliefs of Indian Students. Rev. \V. S. Taylor of Indore Christian College has prepared a very careful outline for an investigation into the religious beliefs of College students. 'rhe project was placed before the recent meeting of the Central Board of Christian Higher Education, and with certain modifications \vas accepted by them as suitable for their Department of Research and Extension. It is hoped that °Mr. Taylor will be able to undertake the study in the near future. (3) Quarterly Notes on the Progress of Christian Education have appeared regularly in the Report section of the N.C.C. Review. (4) An investigation into the place of Religious Education in Theological Colleges and Seminaries had previously been undertak(:ln by Rev. ·V·l. M. Ryburn. This study has been completed and the results published in the N.C.C. Review for May 1936. It was prepared with the intention of placing it before the Theological Committee of the N.C.C. but as the latter has been unable to meet, this expectation is yet to be carried out. (5) The need for preparation of worship manuals in the various verna­ culars was emphasised. This recommendation has been carried out in ,t number of places, among which are the following:- In Mid·India, Rev. K. L. Potee has prepared a series in Hindi, with an accompanying English translation; and Messrs. Hill and McGavran have offered another series also in Hindi, for village schools and illiterate village congregations. The latter is built around the Lord's Prayer, the Com­ mandments, and the Creed. From Bengal Miss Rivett reports that in preparation for a meeting of the Women's Education League dealing with the subjects of Religious Education and Worship, Miss Lilian Cox h~J,s offered as a contribution a series of twelve simple devotional services, suitable for use in morning assembly in schools where the children come from various religious communities. These are suited for translation into Bengali. In Madras the Christian College High School has prepared services suitable for worship in the mixed morning assembly and others for Christian boys who are members of the Christian Union. (6) Mr. V. M. Roshy of the India Sunday School Union has prepared a bibliography of religious education material available in the South IndiaJl vernacularI'! and also in IT riya. This bibliography was published in Ohristian Education for the First Quarter 1936, with reprints available from the Lucknow Publishing House, Lucknow. Material for a similar list of publications in the North Indian languages has been assembled and is now being prepared for publication. (7) Miss Gordon of Poona has made an inquiry into the subject of Scripture teaching in Training Colleges and is preparing a report on this subject. (8) To accompany Mrs. Bryce's book on child stuqy, The Child in the Midst, Mrs. B. W. Mow of BulBar has prepared a series of studies suitable 76

for use in mothers' meetings. These have been published in serial form in the indian Temperance News, and reprints will be available from the Editor of that paper or from W.C.T.U. Headquarters, 24, Rajpur Road, Delhi.

2. Other Matters J Reports of progress along· other lines have been received from variolls members of the Committee.

(1) PUBLiCATIONS The New Light. by Rev. W. M. Ryburn and Rev. E .. L. King, is a new book of Bible study planned for the use of village schools, .and dealing with the problems of village children. Christian Hi·gh Schools t'n India. the final report of the High School Survey, has one section devoted entirely to problems of Religious Education.

(2) CHAPELS A growing interest is reported in the prOVlSlon of suitable places of worship for schools. Among schools that have recently completed the build­ ing of chapels are the Alexandra Girls' High School at Amritsar; the Methodist Girls' High School at Royapettah, Madras; and the Elementary Girls' School of the English Methodist Mission at Ikkadu, near Madras. The two American Mission High Schools at Ahmednagar have arranged outdoor sanctuaries. The Wilson College, Bombay, has a new cbapel, and one is about to be huilt by the Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow.

(3) REFRESHER COURSES The two snmmer school courses of the India Sunday School Union are held annually at Coonoor, with increasing numbers of .applicants and full enrolments. Two successful ten day institutes under the leadership of the India Sunday School Union are also reported from Samalkot and Guntur. The Mid-India Educational Union has held its second .and third annual course for high school teachers, last year at Dhamtari, this year at Hoshan­ gabad. At Kaurapukur, Beng.al, a snmmer school has been held annually for teachers and preachers. The Y.W.C.A. Summer School at Anandagiri, Ootacamund, attract!! large numbers of teachers and students to Guide Camps, and to conferenc~s on teacbing methods and the stndy of social problems.

(4) CAMPS The Student Christian Movement is holding its annual student camp!' in all areas of India; practically all these camps now include both men and women students. At Burgi, C.P., an annual co-educational camp -is held for high school pllpils.

(5) BOOKS OF REFERENCE Among books found helpful in Scripture preparation and teaching" tllf> following have been recommended by members of the Committep:­ Le.'1sons on the Way-Dr. Percy Dearmer. Lessons on the Creed-Dr. Percy Dearmer. Bengali translation of Golden Tales-Miss M. Christlieb. Character in· Human Relations-Hugh Hartsborne. Meaning oj Right and Wrong--.-Cabot. Teaching Religion Creatively-Myres. Youth lat W01"ship--G. S. Pain (N.S.S.U.). Children's Worship-S.P.C.K.

(6) DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN LIFE AMONG PUPHIS Appreciation is expressed for the activities of the Children's Special Service 'Mission, and of tbe work of Miss Chamen, the Anglican WOrKer of the I.S.S.U.· Dne boys' high school gives the following account of an eHort for' helping Christian day pupils: 'We have divided the Chrisklll boys of this school into small groups, and have put these groups under the various Christian masters for personal supervision. Masters are res­ ponsible to meet the boys in their groups and to help them in their religious life, their study of the Bible, and participation in Church activities.' 3. Suggestions for Future Work (1) Tbe most important suggestion is that for doser co-operation among tbe Christian agencies at work among cbildren and aqolescents. 'l'hrougb such co-operation much might be done to prevent overlapping and to pro­ duce co-ordinated programmes for Christian teaching, worship and activity. By including on tbe Religious Education Committee of the N.C.C. such organisations as the India Sunday School Union, the Christian Endeavour Society, the S.C.M., Y.M.C_A_, and Y.W.C_A., it is believed that some­ t.hing in the way of sucb co-ordination might be effected. A seeolld advan­ tage would be that if tbe N .C.C. l'ommittee iul'luded a few people ,yith travel allowances, there would be a possibility of holding at least a partial meetiug of the committee. (2) Une of the chief duties of this committee durillg the coming yeur and a half will be that of preparing material for the torthcomillg meeting of the International Missionary Council in 1938, the subject of Religiollo Education being included under Heading II, the Uhurch's Witness, and Heading III, the Life and Work of the Church. The following subjects liava' been suggested as worthy of study:- '(a) RelatIons between the school and the local church. (b) The relation between the Christian school and evangelism. (i) '.rhe school as a field of evangelism. (ii) '1'he school as an instrument for evangelism. , (v) Relation between the school aud the Mass Movement community. (d) Can Christian schools be used as a means of promoting literacy and creating a Bible-reading Church? (e) 'Christianizing the Home Movement.' Call this movement; suc­ cessful in China, be adapted to the needs of lqdia '! It 'is boped tbat further subjects for investigation may be suggested_

3. l11isvellaneous Suggestions Among suggestions for new work received from cOlllmittee members are the following:- (a) So educating children in Christian boarding schools that tbey ,will feel themselves an integral part of the village cOnlmunity from which they have sprung, with a responsibility for evangelising -that 'community. (b) '1'he religious education of adult Christians-not i1:1 this instance illiterates, but ordinary Christian laymen and women-who need inspiration for further growth and service, (c) A forum on methods and problems of.· religious education meant for those actively engaged in the task. ' (d) Introducing into the quarterly magazine Christian, Education a section dealing with research on such subjects as readi:lg methods, the' simplification of the Gospel story for the use of illiterates, _and various other subjects. , (c) The furtIier preparation of. material for worship services with an , Indian background. (j) The inclusion of an article or outline notes for a lesson {)n w~l'sbip in £be N.C.C. Quarterly Notes.

A. B. VAN DOREN, Convener. 78

tb) REPORT ON CHRISTIAN MEDICAL WORK, 1935-1936 1. The Ministry of Healing as Related to the Chu'rch The subject of the healing ministry in relation to the Church still occupies a foremost place in our conferences on Christian medical work. It is our belief that the full message and work of the Kingdom of God is not presented unless the ministry of healing is included. In trying to estimate progress in the last biennium we make note of the following:- (1) Among the older Ch urehes there are signs of a closer relating of healing to the l·egular work of the clergy. In connection with Hartford Seminary in the United States, post-graduate clinical courses for ministers have been opened. Using a selected number of asylums, and hospitals, doctors and clergymen have conferred together and training has been given in rendering help to patients along psychological and spiritual lines. In Britain the work of direct spiritual healing, and prayer for the siek has been taken up specially by some Churches and by the Guild of Health. (2) As far as we can judge, among our hospitals in India, there seems to be more definite prayer for the sick. There are also higher grade evan­ gelists in some, who are able to find out and treat mental and spiritua.l maladies with a resulting abatement of physical symptoms. (3) We believe there is a wider observance of Hospital Sunday. (4) At the biennial conference of the C.M.A. a resolution was passed and sent to those in authority in Church bodies, asking them to consider hoi· the ministry of healing may be begun, developed and carried on as a regular part of the work of the Church and congregations, and we offered to send a representative to speak on the sub,ject. The conference desired a closer co-operation bet wen clergy, doctors aud nurses. So far four Church Councils have asked us to present the matter. (5) Special undertakings in connection with the Indian Church: At Gadag-Betgiri the hospital is training nurses definitely for service in COll­ nection with the Church and for the needy rural areas. Miss K. Sircar, working among Christians in the N.M.S. at Bethlehem, Punjab, tells how she was led, soon after she went there, to begin a dis­ pensary. 'The Dispensary is God's first miracle in Bethlehem, and our experience of trusting Him. This was not of our planning but simply falling in line \yith God's plans.' The co-operative work in Sanatoria for the treatment of tuberculosis is receiving help from the Church in some Provinces. The Sanatorium at Rajahmundry is a project of the Lutheran Church. The one at Almora, D.P., receives substantial help from Churches. With the approval of the M.l.R.C.C. an appeal is to be issued to the congregations in the Mid­ India area for funds to build a cottage at the Pendra Road Sanatorinm. When the American Baptist Telugu Mission decided to close the medic3.1 work at Sooriapet, Deccan, the women of the Church undertook to raise Rs. 500 a year to keep a nurse there, some of them making gifts of jewelry in order to help. (6) At a regional medical conference in South India recently. medical workers were urged to take their full share in .. the regular work of the Church, and also to enlis~ Church members in helping in medical work. 2. The Union Christian Medical College . At the Biennial Meeting, December 31, 1935, without a dissenting vote the Christian Medical Association reaffirmed that a Union Christian lVIedical College is needed. This is now the fourth time the Association has recorded its conviction that Christian higher medical education is required. After discussion ori the next steps to be taken in connection with the College it was agreed:- (1) To instruct the College Committee to revise the estimate for the College and prepare one on a progressive' scale, proceeding from a minimum to the maximum. (:a) 'l'o present the College plans again to the Executive of the Natiollul Christian Council and in consultation with thelli to Lake sueh aetioll (~t:; seems appropriate. A delegation of the College Committee eallie to Nagpur ill January and laid their plans before the Central Board of Christian Higher Edu­ cation, in accordance with the desire expressed for doser co-opt!ratioll bet,Yeen departments of N.C.C. work. The following day they presentl!d the plans to the Executive of the N.C.C. which passed the followillg resolution: - ''l'hat the National Christian Council, being strongly convinced that the Ministry of Healing is an integral part of the Gospe! Message, endorses the suggestion that the provision of a Christian Medical College, both wit·h a view to provide, especially in rural areas, Indian doctors trained in the highest ideals of service and also to witness in India to those Christian truths which must accompany true seientifie research, is most desirable. Having carefully scrutinized the scheme' prepared by the C.M.A.I. and considered the Minute of the Board of Christian Higher Educatioll, it desires that the scheme should be submitted to the Conference of the British and American Missionary Societies with a view to its private pre­ sentation to a few persons who may in their judgment be able and willing to finance it, provided that the scheme is first submitted to the officers of the N.C.C. who shall satisfy themselvcs on the following points which have been raised in the discussion:- (1) \Vhether the scheme has been so framed as to present the irreducible minimum outlay for its progressive development, and further, that it will not, constitute an intolerable burden on the Indian Church for its future maintenance. (2) Whether adequate provision call be made for the maintenance of the high Christian ideals in the staff of the .College ,,,hich are essential to the achievement of its aim. (3) vVhether the number of Christian students (who cannot otherwise be trained) who will take the course is sufficient to justify the College, and whether, when qualified, there is a reasonable prospect of their finding suitable employment.' In close collaboration with the Secretarie& of the N.C.C. the Medical Secretary made a special study and investigation of the points raised. ~"urther, on Apri} 15th, Mr. Hodge and Mr. Philip met the College Com­ mittee at Vellore a1l4, after a full discussion, indicated that they were satisfied that the matter should now go forward to the Secretaries ill BritailJ and America. (1) Comments on the po£nts raised.-The estimates are :-'The tenta­ tive minimum estimate allows for 125 students in five 'Classes, 250 teaching beds, 50 special wards and a training school for nurses and compounders. Rupees. Pounds. Dollars. (Approx.) (Approx.) Capital Expenditure for land, buildings and equipment 34,65,000 260,000 1,260,000 Endowment for maintenance at 3 per cent. 1,42,54,700 1,069,000 5,185,000

Total 1,77,19.700 1,329,000 6,445,000 The proposal is to raise funds by approaching a few individual donors and not by a public appeal which would be likely to divert funds from Missions and Churches.' The College will ~ave to be. pla~ed in o~ near a city. where the price of land and pr?perty IS . n~essarIly hIgh. Besl~es all the buildings ordinarily comprehend~d III a ~hrIst~an College, there WIll have to be a hospital with modern eqmpment, lllcludmg x-rays and. a department for out-patients, and a home for the llursing staff; there will also be needed several laboratories buildings for anatomical and pathological museums. so

The estimates have ulldergone repeated examination by the Committee, and have been submitted to builders of experience,and also to doctors in charge of Government Medical Education ill India. Bor comparison we cite the new Madras Christian College, at Tam­ baram, on a free site, without a hospital, and on a cut estimate which was to cost twenty-eight lakhs_ '.rhe answer to the second part of the question is that it is proposed to raise an endowment, the interest of which will provide funds which, in addition to the ordinary income, will provide maintenance, so that neither a grant from Government nor a grant from Missions will be required. The kind of help required from the Church will be assistance in main­ taining the Christian character of the institution, the developing in its members a sense of vocation in the service of the sick, and the directing of them to the 11eedy fields of service in this land which call for sacrificial living. (~) Maintenance of High Christian Ideals in the Staff.-Christian Hospitals, with very few exceptions, maintain a wholly Christian staff of doctors and nurses. The three medical schools already in existence are almost wholly Christian in staff. In establishing a higher grade (!ollege the plan is 'that it should be sta·ffed by full-time professors, Indiau and :Foreign, on missionary salaries'_ It is agreed that the duty of maintaiu­ ing Christian ideals shall be laid on all the members of the staff, and that from among them some one shall be chosen to give special. time and thought to the spiritual direction of the students. Plans indude the building of a chapel, and the directing of the students in the choice of a sphere of service in the neediest communities and areas. It is proposed that the staff shall be composed of a number of ex­ perienced medical missionaries in India; a number of new missionary .doctors from abroad who would be given special opportunities for gaining experience in India; a number of Christian Indians, to be chosen after a term of probation as junior members of staff, and be sent abroad for further study. . There will be included in the constitution a statement of the Christian. aim of the College. The ultimate responsibility for maintaining the ideals will rest with the Governing Body which is' to be chosen to represent the National Christian Council, the Christian Medical Association, and the Christian Enterprise at large. The staff will be chosen with care and the Director is to be a Illan of outstanding ability both in character and training. (3) Whether there will be Sufficient Students.-We disclaim any inten­ tion of establishing a college for students '·who cannot otherwise be trained'. Our aim is positive. Our statement records:- 'While We fully recognise that this must be a College of the highest possible professional efficiency, its essential function is to develop character inspired by the Spirit of Christ.' . There are two outstanding reasons for such a College. The fitst is that as healing the sick is an integral part of the Christian witness, Christian uoctors are needed. The second is that medical missions have come to the time for hastening devolution, . and therefore Christian doctors of higher qualifications than those of a·ssista·nts are required. Ha¥iIlgsaid this, ·we cau. .aIBo-say that there are many Christian students scholastically suitable, who cannot gain admission to the existing. medical colleges. Early in 1936 we obtained iriformation in regard· to several colleges. Madras' has the largest number of Christian students (160 non­ Roman in 700 students) yet Prof. Roshy of the staff says three are refused for every one admitted. In Grant Medical College there were Hi non­ Roman Christians. Many students are refused admission. The Principal lately stated in public that there is need of more medical colleges in Bombay Presidency. In the Seth Gokllidas College there were 6 admitted (ROman and non-Roman), 1931-35. Applications were three times that 81

number. In Carmichael College, Calcutta, there .is only one Uhri~ti~ll. Applications are about fopr times th~ admissions. In Luqknow, admissl0ll IS by competitive examination and only 45 are chosen each year. There are 4 Christians (non-Roman) in the Classes, which means less. than one a year. About 3 01' 4 try to get in each year. Patna had 6 Christians (in­ cluding Romans). Only one or two are admitted each year. In Lahore there were 6 Indian Christians (non-Roman) among 504 students. In all Provinces preference is given to students of the Province. III the majority the students are selected according to communities, a certain number of places being reserved. Except in Madras, Christians have no special quota but are classed with 'others'. In some places personal interviews and influence are used in securing entrance. As our proposed college would not be Provincial but for all India, no doubt some of the students who cannot gain entrance elsewhere would apply. In 1935 there were 2,070 Christian students in Christian Arts' Colleges. We had sent letters to the heads of Christian Arts Colleges asking if a certain number could be expected to join our College from their area, to make up a class of 25 from all India. The replies left us in no doubt that we could get that number. Besides the students in Christian Colleges, there must be a great many in Government Colleges also. Whether there is reasonable prospeot of their finding suitable ernploy­ lIwnt.-The admission of 25 students a year does not mean an equal number of graduates. The number graduating would be nearer fifteen. Some will be required for the existing Mission Hospitals. The records of the Christian Medical Colleges in Eastern Asia show that from 16 to 35 per cent. find employment in Mission Hospitals . . A circular was issued to about a hundred Mission Hospitals enquiring if they all'eady employ an M.B. grade doctor or would like to do so within the next ten or twenty years. Of 87 institutions we have information;­ (1) In 14 institutions 13 men and 3 women of M.B. grade are already employed. (2) In 8 other institutions they either had employed them or were ready to do so at once if suitable persons were found. (3) 36 others were likely to employ them within a few yean;. (4) 13 others might employ them. (5) 9 were doubtful. (6) 7 were unlikely to employ, of which only one was a hospital of over 50 beds, the rest all being smaller. One institution indicated it could take .3, graduate every three years. (1) Our office acts as an employment bureau, and since this enquiry was sent out, there have been l'equests for M.B. grade doctors, whom we have not been able to find. There seems to be no doubt of the dema.nd from Mission Hospitals. (2) For a number of years there will be graduates required for the staff of the College itself, as the plan is gradually to make the staff indigenous. (3) Graduates will more and more fill the places now occupied by the assistant grade doctor, as that grade will gradually become extinct. (4) With the opening up of new work in rural areas, more doctors will be required. (5) Within a generation there has been a great increase in the number of private practitioners in both cities and towns. This will go on. Model'll scientific skill and reliable character in a physician will displace the hakim and the vaid. In one city it is estimated that 80 per cent. of the people still resort to such. (6) There will be doctors required for Industrial Plants, Tea Estates, Indian States, and Government posts in which Christians will find some employment. (7) The graduates of the existing Christian Medical Schools have fou~d employment. 6 82

Such considerations satisfied the Secretariel:l of the N .C.C. The schellle received ~onsideration by an informal group in N~,y York, and formally in September at the Committee of Reference and CouDsel, which is the Executive of the Conference of Mission Boards of North America. They have indicated that there is no objection to approaching possible individual donors, though they are doubtful if such will be found. They passed the following resolution:- Voted that ,ye believe that in the field of medicine and medical mis· sionary work in India, such a Union Christian Medical College would perform an invaluable service: we would refer further consideration of this proposal to the Medical Committee of the Committee of Reference and Counsel. In Britain, the British Advisory Board came to the following decisjons:­ (1) The Committee of the British Advisory Board on Medical Missions IS convinced of the need and urgency of the production of a larger number of ,yell· qualified Indian Christian doctors educated under Christian auspices. (2) At the same time the Committee is of the opinion that the scheme submitted is impracticable as it stands. (3) The Committee suggests that the matter should be thoroughly examined with the view to the preparation of modified proposals; and in this connection it suggests that the help of Dr. E. R. Rumc might be secured in connection with his proposed visit to India. The Medical Committee is called to meet on January 26·27, 1937, and will take the above resolutions into consideration. Dr. Mott will be present on the 27th. 3. Central Stores The scheme for the establishment of a <.:O-operative store for hospital supplies and reliable drugs has made some progress. Members have indi­ eated their readiness to supply most of the capital required. Our efforts to find a suitable manager have not yet been successful. 4. Conferences Regular regional conferences are held each year in LandoU!', the N ilgiris, Kodaikanal and Mid-India. The biennial conference was held at the eno of 1935, and a regional conference for South India in 1936. 5. Survey No larger survey has bee.t;t underta~tln, but· a form has been filled· in by most hospitals giving facts .asked for about their work covering the year 1935; ,the results, of this will be avaUablt;l shortly. " This office has undertaken to collect' for the International Missionary

Council the 'statistics for medical wo~k in I~dia. v . 'Though mission·· hospitals are suffering' from·· shortage of funds, and a f~w centres have i>een closed, there4a:ve been some new hospitals built I or centres opened. The M.E. Chur~h Sanatorium at Madar has remained closed, and the American Hospital in Ahmednagar. The great work of the C,M.S. at Ranaghat was threatened, but so, far, ,ve are glad to ,say, it has been cppt,inued. It is in t4e· midst of a very .needy area and 'has one of the largest I,I.tt~ndances in India at its out-patient department. The Nadiad hospital of the M.E. Church is being reopened a/tel' closure ,~or almost a year. .. , The Irish Presbyter:ia:!} MissioB has built ~; hbspital at Wadhwan Camp. and, opened work at Dohad, an important railway centre, accessible to a' country where the Mission has work among the ,Bhils. The S.P.G. has opened a small hospital at Pachwad, in Bombay Pr.esidency, and 'the Christa Seva Sangh in Poona.The' f?alvation Army has a new general hospital at Nidubrolu in South India and intends to build an enlargement', costing one lakh, in Anand. The Seventh Day Adventists contemplate a hospital in Surat. A 'Christian 'doctor retired from Government service, Dewan Bahadur Verghese, has opened a charitable hospital at TiruvaUa, 8a

'l'ravancorc, and l1Q is now planning to hand it over to his Churqh, the ~'1ar Thoma Syrian Church. ¥/o would draw attention to a fine piece of L:o-operative medical welfarc and evangelistic work being done in the American Baptist Telugu Mission froUl Ramapatnam by Miss Jennie Rt)illy and Miss Rowland. There are three centres besides the onc at Ramapatnam. Nurses and Biblewomen, and in one case a teacher, live together at tht) house in the village, built as a combined residence, maternity and welfare centre. The centre is a neighbourhood house for the women who drop in, not only when they are sick, but to get help in sewing, to see the garden and to draw water from the well. Visits are made to near-by villages. The centres are partly self-supporting. The lives and work of the women are having a marked influence. The kind of work done is simple and inexpensive, and such as could be carried on by the Church in India. There is supervision and help given by the missionaries. Difficult cases are st)nt to the mission hopitais at Ongole or Nellore. The Burma Christian Council also discllssed the opening of dispensaries in villages and the training of nurses for rural service. The Scheme for a Hospital for Nervous Diseases, cherished by the Madras Representative Christian Council is still receiving attention. The Swedish Mission at Tirupattur, Ramnad, is willing to give the ground, and a doctor who has specialized in psychiatry is on the staff. Funds for the building are not yet assured. There has been a marked increase in provision of X-rays, and modern sanitation in Mission Hospitals. On the other hand there are some so poor as to be unable to provide food and bedding for patients. Travelling dispensaries, though they are not economical to run, are in­ Greasing in number. There has been an opinion expressed that medical work should become more mobile. In relation to such mobility there needs always to be the centre to which patients can be sent. The suujec:t of nutrition is receiving much more attention both in schools aud hospitals. The Government is doing research work, and a new bulletin is to be issued almost immediately from the Nutrition Department at Counoor, which should be studied by everyone in charge of hospitals aud hostels. In the special pieces of survey doue of late we have laid stress on eo-operating with other parts of the Mission enterprise, especially with teachers in healtli work in schools, and with workers in rural areas. One doctor 'has inaugurated a consultation service on fixed days when the local missionary brings to him persons with whom he is conecrned. No medicines are given, but the patient is advised where to go and what to do. 6. Nurses Training As there are now several Training Schools in South India, and one in Mid-India training nurses of matriculation standard, we should shortly be able to find from among the graduates, some who will be capable of administrative posts, .and perhaps be able to profit by study abroad. The Nurses 'Auxiliary branches in different parts of India have held conferences for nurses which have been much appreciated. They are publishing the Nursing News in Urdu, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi; Tamil, and Telugu as well as English. This is a very valuable service and provides vernacular nurses with the only means of helping them to keep up their reading on their profession. As the circulation is small, these are published at a loss, the deficit being made up by donations. There has been a desire expressed for the opening of registry for employment for Christian nurses. 7. Co-operation Co-operation across denominational lines is noticeable in the interchange of doctons between mission hospitals and in the making available of the service of doctors to llllSSlons other than their own in an area. In Mid­ India ther~ is a Directive Bureall in connection with this work. In Mid-India, there has been an advance in co-operatioll in the Pendra Road Sanatorium. Eleven missions are represented on the Board and make contributions in money. But two other co-operators have been added-the Government of the Central Provinces, which haa. made .a building grant and will make a maintenance grant for patients sent to the Sanatorium from their T.B. Clinics in the C.P.; and the Union Mission Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Madanapalle, is parting with one of its staff to be the Superin­ tendent at Pendra Road, and 'will also give advice and a measure of supervision. A grant for X-ray apparatus has been received from the Tata Trust. 8. The Association is still trying to find funds for the employment of a Secretary for Preventive and Rural work. 9. Dr. E. H. Hume, who for the past two years has been working in China, latterly as a liaison officer between Mission Hospitals and medieal officials of the Government, has twice planned to come to India. We hope his visit may bec.ome a reality in 1937, and that we may have the benefit of his examination and considered opinion of our work.

1Q. Staff Needs Comparatively few new medical llilsslOnareis are being sent out, and this office is frequently asked to suggest a doctor or a nursing superintendent to fill gaps. In many-places those in charge are much overworked and in some cases are unable to stand the strain. 11. The Association -membership has increased to over 400, largely, we a~'-e glad to say through more Indian doctors joining. The Journal' is published every two months, and reprints of articl~s on various practical su bjects are sold. During the year a study book has been issued Salutis which outlines a course on the ministry of healing in the Old and New Testaments, and on the Association Handbook which gives a comprehensive idea of the work in India. ,- The Prayer Cycle, has again been jssued, covering all Mission Hospitahr, Dispensaries;: and Leper Homes in India;" with--,the -names 'of d

B. C. OrJlvEI~, 8~cretar!l' 85

(c) REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SOCIAL HYGIENE, 1935-1936 Owing to lack of finances the Social - Hygiene Committee has had no meeting during the biennium. List of Books As the printed syllabuses and book lists are still in demand, and the suppl): is exhausted, the preparation of a new .and revised list of recoUl­ mended books and pamphlets is being undertaken. '1'he new list will be classified and will include vernacular as well as English publications.

Books to Lend Advantage has been t.aken of the books we have to lend, whieh include most of those on the published listR.

Ne1v Publications in India 1. The most notable publication is of three pamphlets in English hy the late Mrs. Western of Palamcottah. The nallles are;- A Talk to an Indian Girl on her Coming of Age. A Talk to Indian Girls Who are About to be Married. A Talk to Tho.~e Who Expect to be Mothers. These are excellent, and we have helped in their sale and distribution and in getting them translated into vernaculars. They are published in Urdu at the Masha'l Press, Kharar, Punjab-nine pies each; will be published soon in Hindi at the Mission Press, Jubbulpore, and can be had in Tamil and English from the Bishop's Chaplain, Palamcottah. These ought to be translated into all the vernaculars. 2. Social Hygiene for Lads, by G. V. Job, has been published in Tamil by the C.L.S., Madras. 3. Reprints of an article on Birth Control by Bishop Sanuegren, published in the Journ:al of the Christian Medical Association, are obtainable from Dr. B. C. Oliver, Byramji Road, Nagpur. 4. Pamphlet No.4 on 'The Witness of the Christian Home' in the series for Pastors, issued by the N.C.C. is also useful. Translations 1. Growing Up by De Schweinitz, also published in England under the title How a Baby is Born,has been translated and published in Marathi by some interested persons and is now being translated into Hindi at the instance of the Mid-India Representative Christian Council. This is a very good book for teaching Social Hygiene to children, and is along biological lines. It has been used in some schools in the United States where biology, including human reproduction was taught. The English edition can be ordered through the Y.M.C.A. Publishing House, 5, Russell Street. Calcutta. The Hindi edition will be published by the Mission. Press, .Tubbulpore. 2. The Child in the Midst by Mrs. Winifred Bryce, already well,;known in the English edition, published by the Y.M.C.A. Publishing House, if; being published in Persian Urdu by the Masha'l Press; and in Hindi by the North India Christian. Tract and Book Society, 18, Clive Road, Allahabad. A series of outline studies OIl this book has been published in serial form in the Indian Temperance News and these are to be issued in pamphlet form (24, Rajpur Road, Delhi). These are useful for mothers' meetings. 3. Anandi's Qu.esti011 for parents of -little children which is in English, Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, and Malayalam, is being published in Urdu at the Mahea'l Press. 86

Other books Those engaged in s~condary education will find useful .a book called Sex Edu,catwn in Sc.1wols by 'l'heodor~ Ii'. Tucker and Muriel Pout, giving an account of an exp~riment in Sex Education in a large number of elementary schools in Wales. A suitable book in English for young p~ople about to be married .is a pamphlet, Right Marriage by Canon Barry and others. Both can be had at th~ Y.M.C.A. Publishing House. A mong the Pro'l)1:ncial Councils 1. Andhra.-The report for 1935 records the effort to open a women's refuge in that area. It also urg~s that missionaries coming to India and missionaries on furlough should make a study of Social Hygiene. It urges that provision should be made in all our institutions for the teaching of Social Hygiene and recommends the N.C.C. Committee's syllabuses. A Regional Conference held in Madras recommended graded study of Social Hygiene and Biology in schools, colleges and Training Schools and that the Department of Education should take steps to get good books written in the vernaculars. 2. Mid-India.-We have already referred to the translations being undertaken in the Mid-Indja area. The Convener of the Committee, Rev. \V. E. Gordon reports that the attitude of the High School Board of Education in C.P. has greatly changed, and this is evidenced by their passing unanimously a resolution that Mr. W. E. Gordon should visit High Schools in Central Provinces and give lectures. This he did in the summer of 1936, combining physiology and social hygiene. His lectures were well-received everywhere he went, and in some cases girls as well as boys were present, and staff as well as pupils. The Committee urges that those who are still indifferent to social hygiene being taught in Christian schools should consider that the country is being flooded with unwholesome literature both in the vernacular and English. 3. The United Provinces.-In 1935 the Council passed a resolution reiter­ ated in 1936 that all educational institutions should arrange for definite teaching by those specially qualified to help prepare the youth of our mission schools for the after school life of freedom. Heads of institutions are asked to discover the persons on their staff most fitted to give the teaching and to provide them with literature which will increase their fitness to teach. They repeat that social hygiene teaching should be integrated with hygjene, literature, Scripture and science. They urge the study and enco1ll'agement of possibilities for co-education. They draw attention to a series of books by Thurman D. Rice, M.D. which are sponsored by the American Medical Association, and are adapted to various ages. They have used their influence to support the Amendment to the Sarda. Act, and asked their members to be on the watch for infringement of the law prohibiting brothels in cantonments. They note that the persistence of Hindu marriage customs even among well· educated Christian Indians makes it apparent that little attention haR been given to the formation of ideals of Christian marriage. and resolved that definite efforts be made to inculcate Christian ideals and customs. Birth Control.-As the Committee was unable to meet, it was not possible to undertake the consideration of the brief report on thiB subject which was referred back to the Committee for amplification at the last biennial meeting. Meantime, other bodies have been passing jud~ment. and 110 strong lead has been yet given by any religious body hut the Roman Catholics who publish and advertise a nnmber of books. Reaffirmation The pastors and teachers are the key people in the advance of social hygiene at the nresent stage. We reiterate the recommendll.tion of t·he last Council No. VIII. p. 85, recommending that Reminaries and Teacl1er Training 87

Schools consider the question of making the study of the Christian family a regular part of their curriculum. B. C. OLIVER, Oonvener.

(d) REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE

For I,he tIro year period beginning with November 1, 1934 and ending with October 31, 1936. The following grants were given for the period from the Indian Literature Fund. For Literature Year ending Year ending Workers. Oct. 31st, 1935. Oct. 31st, 193(i. Rs. Rs . Bengali 1,500 • 1,500 Burmese 1,500 1,500 Gujarati 720 720 Hindi 720 720 Malayalam 500 500 Oriya. 750 Telugn 750 750

Total 5,690 Total 6,440 For PublicatioTts Bengali 360 600 Gujarati 440 280 Hindi 570 830 Malayalam 400 615 Marathi 150 320 Oriya 150 Rengama Nag-It 72 Sindhi 175 480 SinghaleRe 200 Tamil 480 Telugu 209 Urdu 270 405 . English 100 Bengali The Literature Board for Bengal, which eame into existenre in 1932, works under a committee representative of Mission and Church bodies in Bengal and Assam. Mr. C. L. Mukerji gives his whole time to literature work. The services of some honorary workers are also enlisted. During the two year perioo the following are some of the more important books published: Oommentarll on St. Matthew, Daily Readings itl St. John, Mall­ hood of the M aster, Landm~.rk.<; of Ohurch History. Sadh,u Sunder Singh, Hope of the World. Life of Kagawa and Mukti Kon Pathe are ready for the press-several other books are under preparation. Bttrmese The Rev. B. M . .Tones who continues to be the Literature Missionary iR supported by the Methodist Episcopal and Baptist Missions. The grant of Rs. 1,500 given is towards the support of U Yu, B.A., the Burmese literature worker. The Burmese B£ble Dictionarll was published in 1~36. During the two year period we gather that 16 new books, excluding the Bible Dirtiona11(. were pH hlished. 88

Gujarati The Churches a.nd Missions in Gujarat have continued in their co­ operation with the Gujarati Literature Committee. The grant from the N.C.C. is used for the support of the Rev. D. P. Makwana who gives his whole time for literature work. Among the books published in the two year period the following may be mentioned: Meaning of Prayer, Children's Life of Christ (2nd edition), The Child in the Midst, and The Child and His Religion. Several other books and booklets were published, and manuscripts of several more are either complete or in preparation.

Hindi As in previous years grant from the N.C.C. for literature worker ';'a8 given to the North India Tract and Book Society which serves the whole of the Hindi area. This grant goes towards the support of literature workers who do writing, Jiranslating and editing work in Hindi for the Society. Among the books published with the help of grants from the N.C.C. the following may be mentioned: Commentary on Galatians, Child in the Midst. The Hindi Bible Dictionary now in the press nearing publication and towards which the N.C.C. made liberal grants is delayed by the death of Dr. Yohan Masih. The preparation of the basic English mannscript of the Hindi Bible Dictionary for which a grant of Es. 200 was sanctioned is also not yet completed.

MaZayaZam The Malayalam Christian Literature Committee has the co-operation of six Church bodies in the Malayalam-speaking area. The grant of Es. 500 given is used for the support of literature workers who do writing, transla­ tion, et., under the direction of the Convener. Among the books published in the two year period with the help of grants from the N.C.C. the following may be mentioned: Bible Dictionary, Pa.rt III, Oommentary on Romans, Oommentary on Revelation, Oomment.MIl on I Corinthians. The following manuscripts are either completed or in preparation: A Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles, Commentary on the Prison Epistle.~. India and the Christian Movement. (Bishop of Dornakal), Ohrist itl the Indian Church (Appasamy), and Life and Work of Jeremiah.

Marathi Grants were given for the pUblication of two books: Book of Job. Pilgrim's Progress.

Oriya For the first time, a grant of B.s. 750 was given for the year ending October 31, 1936 to the Oriya Literature Committee towards the support of its literature worker. The work of the Oriya Literature Committee if; carried on with grants from the Baptist Missionary Society, the American and Australian Baptist Missions, and the Orissa Central Church Council (Baptist). During the last two years this Committee has published a· number of useful books in Oriya and it has adopted a good programme for 1937. Rengama N aga A grant of Rs. 72 was given towards the pUblication of a hymn boolt in the above language of the Assam Hills. 89

Sindhi Towards the publication of the following books in Sindhi grants were given: Pandita Ramabai, A People's Life of Christ. The Rev. C. W. Haskell of Karachi, the Secretary of Sindhi Literature Committee 'writes: 'Our great difficulty in this. area is lack of writers and translators. There is only one Indian pastor and myself to do this work and unfortunately we have our hands fairly full with other work. Onr books are meeting with wonderful sales these days, so we do greatly regret our inability to do more to seize the wonderful opportunities for even greater sales.' Singhalese Early in 1934 the co-operative scheme by which Missions and Churches in Ceylon supported full-time literature workers came to an end, due to the inability of these bodies to make regular contributions. The publica­ tion Committee of the C.L.S. of Colombo is now recognised by the Ceylon Christian Council as its Committee' for Literature. During the periol under report the N.C.C. gave a grant of Rs. 200 for the pUblieation of a Commentary on Fifty Selected P8alms in Singhalese. Tamil A grant of Rs. 480 "'as given to the C.ll. S., MadraR, towards the edi­ torial expenses of preparing a Tamil Ooncordance. T(';lugll The Telugu Literatlll'e Board of the Andhra Christian Council haR .the Rev. F. L. Marler as its IJitel'ature Missionary. The N.C.C. giveR 11 grant of Rs. 750 u year towardR the budget of this Board. During the period unner report a grant was also given towards the publication of four books, one of which is an Introduction to thr Epi8t1,e.~ a1ld Revelation. Urdu Two books for which grants were sanctioned on the recommendation of the Literature Committee of the Punjab Christian Couneil have not been published. Bnt two other books recommended by the same Committee were published by the Masha'l Press. Kharar. with the help of grant!'; from the N.C.C. They are: The CMld in the Mid.~t and The Sikh Gmm and Their Teaching. English The C.L.S., Madras, was given a grant of Hs. 100 towards the publi­ cation of an English book, The Origin of the Nell' Testament. It is suitable for adaptation into the vernaculars. The Findlay Prize The Committee on Christian Literature of the N.C.C. decided to ofter two prizes of Rs. 300 each from the funds available from the Findlay Bequest, to Gujarati and Malayalam areas. In consultation with the Lite· rature Committees of these two language areas the two competitions were announced early in 1936. The subject set: for Gujarati is The Lifp Of tllp Lord Je.'IlI.'1, and the subject set for Malayalam is The Chri..:tian· and Othe'r Vil'lr.'1of L(fr. Both the competitions are to close before December 31, 1937. New Constitution As per Resolution VII of the Sixth Meeting of the N.C.C. (December H134) the Executive Committee revised the constitution of the Committee on Christian Literature. The revised constitution was printed in the Minutes of the Executive of April 23-25. 1935, and cir('ulated among the members of the National Christian Council. 90

Contributions to the Indian Literature Fund which is administered by the Committee on Christian Literature received from November 1, 1934, to October 31, 193(i.

For year For year American ending Oct. ending Oct. 31, 1935. 31, 1936.

Rs A P Rs A P Amer~can Baptist Foreign Missionary Society ... 500 0 0 530 15 0 Amencan Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ...... 1,350 0 0 American Evangelical Mission .. . 300 0 0 300 0 0 American Presbyterian Mission of N. America 200 0 0 200 0 0 Church of England in Canada 269 0 0 Church of the Brethren Mission ...... 90 0 0 90 0 0 Inter-Board Committee of Women's MiRsionarv Society in Canada . 1.322 9 5 1,634 0 8 Methodist Episcopal Church ] ,331 13 9 1,310 1 3 MissionaI\' Societv of the C'h11l'ch of England in Canada. . 677 4 0 263 0 0

Br#t~ll Church Missionarv Society '" 1.317 5 2 ] .317 5 2 Church of EnP.'land Zenana Missionary Society 659 12 8 658 10 () Women's Guild of t.he Churph of Scotland 5R3 12 ]0 Women's Day of Prayer. Edinburgh !l26 14- 10 Continental Danish Missionary Society 100 0 0 100 0 0 Dominion.y Methodist Missionary Society of Australia 25 0 0 India Tinnevelly Diocesan Council 75 0 0 7!) 0 0

(e) REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON WORK AMONG MUSLIMS, 1935-36 The work of the Committee on Work among Muslims has as a whole gone on in connection with the like Committees of the Provincial Councils. a.nd steady progress has been made in the production and distribution of literature in the various areas. This Committee is meant to include repre­ Rentatives from the chief areas. to serve as a centre for ideas and materials. Rome members have been too busy to write to us, hence our information iR not as complete as we should like. It has seemed impossible in praetice to call the whole Committee toget;her. But the work has gone on by correspondence. But the Executive Com· mittee or C.L.M.C., of about half the members. does undertake to assemble. One meeting has just taken place, November 25, 1936. at Lahore;' but none the previous year, for correspondence proved sufficient. A chief responsibility of this committee is to apportion the gifts of money received from tl1e American Christian Literature Society for Moslems, New York, among the books and tracts, for whose publication help is needed. Whereas previously the Society granted all we asked for, this has been impossible in recent years. After the nadir point in 1934, they have been able to give more. furnishing a total of $1.300 or Rs. 3,460. The greater part of this haR heen spent in grants for tracts that were urgent to be printed, or already in print. About Rs. 3,700 were also spent in grants sanctioned before this biennium. ThUF! a total of Rs. 6,124 haR heen distributed, to morp 91 than fifty books and tracts, in Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hind.i, Oriya, l'ashtu, Sindhi, Telugu and Urdu, ranging in size from one page to two hundr~d, and in editions of from 500 to 30,000. This literature is intended primarily for the Muslim himself, though of course it is of value to the Christian worker and student. On this phase of Christian activity we lay great hope and lay proportionately heavy emphasis; we invite the Christian Church to greater activity in writing literatul"e, and publishing ..anti selling it. The money received by this Com­ mittee for this purpose is entirely the gift of tht' A.C.L.S.M.; and we cannot thank them too highly for their contribution. It remains to us to give our offerings of time and effort anti talent to the same end; and may the Father direct us aright! We now ask the N.C.C. that Dr. M. 'r. Titus be given again the place he had filled so well from the beginning until his furlough two years ago, as Convener of the Committee on \York among Muslims.

B. M. Mow, Convener.

(I) THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL REVIEW

Statement of Accollnt for the year ended 30th September 1936

INCOME Rs A P Balance in hand, brought forward 361 9 5 Subscriptions received 2,683 2 7 Advertisement Revenue 700 0 0

Total 3,744 12 0

EXPRNDTTURE

Rs A l' Printing 2,62G 5 0 Postages 569 4 0 Sundries 24 10 (j Balance in hanel, carried forward 524 8 G

AUDTTED AND FOUND COTIRRCT. Total 3.744 12 0

Mysore, (Rd.) G. "",,T. R..\WDAY. 3rd Dec. 1 ~36.

Report from Mr. Tomkinson of the \Vesle~' Press. Mysorf', the Manager of tho Rem:ew shows that at tlle' ('nd of Novf'mber Hmo. ther(' wafl a balance of Rs. 577·6-4.

Circula.tion. Number of eopies printpd pPJ' month a1; present 1,025 Subscribers 868 Exchang~ and advert.isers' ('opies 138 APPENDIX III

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL, 1936 *

American $ Rs A P Rs A p American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society (Men): 200 530 15 0 American Baptist :Foreign Missionar:' Society (Women) 100 265 7 0 Do. Do. 100 269 2 0 American Arcot Mission 135 337 1 5 American Evangelical Mission 650 0 0 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 500 1,325 0 0 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Special Con- tribution) 200 0 0 American Presbyterian Mission 1,800 0 0 Canadian Baptist Mission 548 0 0 Church of the Brethren Mission 225 0 0 Methodist Episcopa.l Church (Men). 499·92 1,311 5 9 Methodist Episcopal Church (Wom.tlnJ 525 0 0 Do. Do. 525 0 0 United Christian Missionary Society 200 538 4 0 United Church of Canada Mission (Men) 200 0 0 United Church of Canada Mission (Women) 371 4 0 United Lutheran Church Mission ... 1,300 0 0 United Presbyterian Church, N. America 268 721 6 0 11,642 13 2

Special Oontributions From Dr. J. R. Mott 1,000 2,621 10 0 From Dr. .T. R. Mott for Indian Pastors' Conference 150 392 0 0 From Dr. Orville A. Petty 78 9 10 3,092 3 10

Total ... 14,735 1 0

* Particulars of contributions to the funds of the Council made in 1935 were printed in the Minutes of Meeting of the Executive Committee of the N.C.C. held at Nagpur, January 10-13, 1936. 93

British

£ Ii d Hs A l' Rs A p Baptist Missionary Society 1,500 0 0 British and l!'oreign Bible Society 13 13 \:I 182 8 0 Ohurch of England Zenana Mis- sionary Society 27 310 358 3 1 Do. Do. 27 311 357 10 1 Ohurch Missionary Society 100 0 0 1,319 \:l 4 Ohurch of Scotland Foreign Mis- sion Oommittee- (Men) 103 5 3 1,362 10 3 (Women) 53 10 4 706 3 0 Do. Do. 29 19 8 394 15 U Friends' Service Council 8 6 5 lOB \:l 8 London Missionary Society 88 HI 0 1,169 12 0 Methodist Missionary Society 180 0 0 2,375 4 0 Pres byterian Church of England- (Men) :2 4 1 29 1 3 (\Vomen) 1 0 0 13 3 2 Pres byterian Church HI Irelanu- (Men) 13 211 173 2 9 (Women) 10 0 0 131 11 9 Pres byteriall Church in \\~ales 10 0 0 131 8 1 S.P.G.- Bombay 85 0 0 Calcut1.a 10 0 0 Dornakal 207 0 0 Luckuow 170 0 0 Madras 20 0 0 Nasik 168 0 0 Tinnevelly 150 0 0 United Society for Christian Lite- rature G U 0 78 14 5 World's Sunday School Associ- ation 2 8 8 32 1 8 Zenana Bible aDd Medical Mission 28 611 374 o 10 Canon Warren's Oharitable Trust 100 0 0 1,317 5 2 Y.M.C.A. Overseas Committee ... 2 0 0 26 4 9 12,953 10 U Special Christian Colleges Appeal Com- mittee 150 0 0 2,000 0 0 Church Missionary Society per H. C. Read 30 0 0 2,030 0 0

l'otal ... 14;983 10 9 94

Colonial and Continental Rs A P Church of Sweden Mission 300 0 0 Danish Missionary Society 600 0 0 Danish Missionary Society (Special Contribution) 50 0 0 Evangelical National Missionary Society of Stockholm. 100 0 U Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia 75 U U New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society 50 0 0 New Zealalld Presbyterian Mission 50 0 0 'fotal 1,225 0 ·0

Indian So'U:rcfs P]WVINOlAL CHRISTIAN COUNCILS Rs J\ P Us A J' Andhra Christian Council 200 0 0 Bengal and Assam Counci 1 150 0 0 Bihar and Orissa Council 200 0 (I Bombay Couneil 200 () 0 Burma' Coun('i I 200 () 0 Ceylon Council 200 0 0 Madras Council 200 0 0 Mid-India Council 200 0 0 Punjab Council 150 0 0 D nited Provinces Council 100 0 0 1,800 0 0 DAY OF PRAYER CONTR.IBUTIONS Rs A P Hs J\ P S1. Paul's Indian Congregation alld Rev. W. F. IrelaiHI, Moradabad, at RI:;. 5 10 0 0 Garrison Church, Jubbulpore 30 0 u Methodist Episcopal Churdl, Aligarh 3 0 0 Naulakh3t. Church, Lahore 10 O. 0 Rev. A. F. M~yer, Khariar, Raipui: 20 0 0 Baptist Church, Rangpur, Bengal 5 g 0 Rev. A. Kulandlan, Chanamchechelli, Madura 1 8 0 Miss B. Royer,· Ahwa, Dangs ;) 3 o· M.E. Church, Jagdalpur 8 0 Q M.E. Church, Pithoragarh 4 8 0 :Friends' Service Council Congregation, . Mako- riya, !tarsi 3 0 0 S.LD. Church, Sriperumbudur 1 7 0 Church of Scotland Mission, Pokhuria Church 10 0 0 Shahpur Congregation, Shahpul' 5 0 0 J angaon Church, J angaon. Hydel'abad State. 1 2 0 United Church of N. India, Nagpul' - 15 1[5 3 Majitha Church, Amritsar, Punjab 5 0 0 Nipani . Church, Nipani 4 6 0 Agnes Henderson Memorial Church, Nagpur 64 8 9 Chandrapur Church, Chandrapur ... 5 0 0 Christ Church in the Jungle, Piploda, K6ttah State 6 12 0 St. Mary's Church, Badarpur, Badarpurghat, Assam 25 0 0 English Church Congregation, Railway Insti- tute, Ajmer ... 20 0 0 Swedish Mission Church, Cooch-Behar 5 0 0 Parsabhader ·Congregation, Baloda Bazar 7 8 0 Serango Church, Serango, Ganjam Dist. 1 10 0 95

1\::; A P l\b A l' C.B. 1lissioll, Amletha, Rajpiplia 2 4 0 Baptist Church, Baraut, Meerut Dist. 3 1 0 Baptist Church, Hill ratna, Berllampur ~} 0 0 Union Christian College, Alwaye, Travancore. :2 1 0 Friends' Mission Church, Sohagpur 3 0 0 St. Paul's Church Committee, Amritsar 1UO 0 0 St. ,Tohn's Church, Guntul' 10 11 10 St. Paul's Church, Bezwa

Tot,al ... ,133 2 1

OTHER CONTRIBUTW1\S HK A I' Indian Auxiliary to the ~lissioD to Lepers 100 0 0 Gujarati Missionary Conference 50 0 0 Lt.-Col. H. ,larrett Kerr (Rural Work) 32 12 ~ National Council Y.W.C.A. 100 0 0 Special Contributions (frolll the Bishop of Madras and Rev. A. :McLeish) ·10 0 0 3Z2]2 2

Total... 2,555 1,1 3 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MASS MOVEMENT SURVEY, 1936 A I/lcrican Sources Dollars Rs A :P Us A l' American Baptist Foreign Mis- sionarv Society, 1935 150 395 15 0 Arnericait Baptist Foreign :Mis- sionary Societv, 1936 150 391 10 0 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 50 132 8 ~ American Evangelical Mision 500 0 0 American Lutheran Church Board ... 25 66 4 3 American Presbyterian Mission, 1935 412 0 0 American Presbyterian Mission, 1936 412 0 0 Foreign Missions Conference Collec- tions 334-02 897 15 0 United Christian Missionary Society. 50 132 9 0 r nited Church of C~nada Mission 25 65 4- 0 United Presbyterian Church 50 130 9 0 Special Contributions raised in Canada 33·84 93 1 0 3,629 12 0 Special Contribution from Dr. Mott for Conference Expenses 1,000 0 0 1,000 0 0 ----- Total ... 4,629 12 0 ----- L IllIiilijli~}nl~11 3 9002 10638 6288

Brit-ish Sources £ 8 d Rs A l' Rs A p Baptist Missionary Society 30 0 0 395 3 1 Church Missionary Society 30 0 0 395 3 2 Church of England Zenana Mis- sionary Society 10 0 0 131 11 9 Church of Scotland Foreign Mis- sion Committee 30 0 0 395 3 1 London Missionary Society 30 0 0 395 3 1 Methodist Missionary Society ... 30 0 0 395 3 2 Presbyterian Church of England 20 0 0 263 0 3 Presbyterian Church in Wales ... 10 0 0 131 11 8 'Vorld Dominion Movement 50 0 0 658 10 7 Do. Do. 100 0 0 1,317 5 2 Zenana Bible and Medical Mission 5 0 0 65 13 10 4,544 1. 10 Special Contributioll 5 7 4 70 9 1 70 9 1

Total 4,614 13 11

Total 9,244 911 ------

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN EVANGELISM, 1936

£ 8 d Rs A P Rs A l' C.E.Z. Mission-E. G. Barto]) ... 30 0 0 United Society for Christian Lite­ rature 1,000 0 0 Women's World Day of Prayer 20 0 0 263 7 5 Individual Contributions resulting from Bishop Pickett's Meeting in London 165 15 6 2,183 12 7 3,477 4 0

PRINTED IN INDIA AT THE DIOCESAN PRESS, MADRAS-H}3G~ APPENDIX IV CHRISTIAN COLLEGES IN INDIA STATISTICS 1934--1935--1936

STAFF STUDENTS

------1-~ .. ------~- .------. --.--"--"-'------Resident Non-Resident COLLEGES

.------, BeJlgal.

Serampore College (Ali.s 1934 3 4 7 12 ]9 48 i 18 66 1 215 216 282 and Theological) . 1935 4 4 1 8 12 20 49 16 I 65 " 219 221 286 1936! -1 5 9i 12 21 50: 19 69 2 229 :!:J1 300 I Bishop's College, Calcutta. " 1934 2 2 4 i ... 4 1 20 20 " 20 I 1935 2 2 4 i ... 4; 22 22 22 1936 2 2 4 -! 28 2!:l 2 2 30 i I i St. Paul's College, Calcutta. 1934 6 4 10 10 I 20 : 15 105 120 18 i 237 I 255, 375 1935 6 3 9 11 20 ! 12 111 123 : 19 i 223' 24-2' 365 ·) 9 1 i j 1936; 6 3 - , 21 16: 114 ]30 118 2~6' ~-H 374

Scottish Church College, i 19.14 ' 8 9 ]7 28 45 , 25 247 272 • 39 ! 1090 1129 HOI

Calcutta. 1935 8 10 18 I 28 46 i 34 227 261 'I 24 1055 1079 ! 1340 1936 6 11 17 , 29 46 41 208: 249 , 39 i 1208 1247 • 1496 I Bankura College. 1934 2 5 7 '. 19 26 " 4! 227 231: 1 I 285 286 517 ,1935 2 4 6 20 26 5 281 286 I I 280 280 566 11936 2 4 6 i 19 25 8 318 326 ! 280 280 606 Bomba)'. I Hislop College, N agpnr. : 1934 7 4 11 i 8 19 14 58 72 6 303 3(19 381 I 1935 7 4 11' 7 18 13 57 70 5 289 294 364 i 1936 7 3 10! 8 18 10 47 57 4 282 286 343

Wilson College, Bombay. i 1934 4 8 12 41 53 22 153 17.1 10 745 755 9:lO 1935 6 9 15 44 59 20 152 172' 14 721 735 907 1 1936 5 10 15 45 60 17 154 171 1 22 693 71S 886 South India. i .r! Andhra Christian College, 11934 ~.' I 2 27 17 44 104 135 239 11 462 473 712 Guntur. i 1935 21 3 24 18 42 79 193 272 9 291 3UO 572 20 3 23 15 38 85 24 109 6 440 446 555 1936

1 American College, Madura.! 1934 16 6 22 i 1.5 37 67 142 209 51 ]52 193 402 I ]'13" 24 . 14 38 (i4 : 131 195 I 49 115 164 ! 359 37 49 126 175 i 50 161 386 ! 1~136 ~~ I ~ 23 '114 211 i I I Voorhees College, Ve1lore'11934 7 8 15 16 13 29 • 12 79 91/ 120 1935 7 6 13 15 12 27; 8 67 75 102 1936 ~ I ~ 9 7 16 18 13 31 I 9 91 100 I 131 10 -1 14 44 2 46125 68 193 239 C.M.S. College, Kottayam. 1 i~~t ~g i 10 4 14 41 2 43 124 62 186 229 ,1936 11' 2 13 3 16 34 4 38 , 97 66 163 201

1 Noble College, MaSllliPutami 1934 12" :'3) I' 14 i 6 20 23 39 62 ; 11 176 187 249 1935 I 11 14 I 7 21 30 34 64 i 9 138 147 211 1936 '12 2 14 6 20 31 25 56 i 22 146 168 224 1 St. John's College, · 1934 4 3 7 2 9 44 8 52 11 13 24 76 Palamcottah. I 1935 4 3 7 2 9 37 9 46 17 11 28 74 1936 4 2 6 2 8 44 13 57 12 15 27 84

Scott Christian College, 1934 5 2 7 5 12 29 13 42 61 99 160 202 NagercoiJ. 1935 5 2 7 5 12 27 8 35 , 46 80 126 161 1936 5 2 7 5 12 18 1 19 I 56 79 135 154

Sarah Tucker College, 1934 4 2 6 6 11 11 ]3 1 14 25 Palamcottah. 1935 5 2 7 7 12 12 12 1 13 25 1936 5 5 5 20 20 9 5 14 34

Malabar Christian College, 1934 6 1 7 5 12 7 15 22 21 78 99 121 Calicut. 1935 6 1 7 5 12 3 16 19 14 70 84 103 19361 6 1 7 5 12 5 10 15 25 86 111 126 Union Christian College, 1934 11 1 J2 12 24 150 67 217 33 66 99 316 1 Alwaye. 1935 14 1 15 ~ 24 156 75 231 I 26 61 87 318 1936 15 1 16 9 25 176 76 252/30 69 99 351 Madras Christian College, 1934 21 35 1 21 56 83 93 176 97 509 606 782 Madras. 1935 23 37 22 59 90 70 160 103 505 608 768 1936 20 29 1 21 50 109 ~9 208 94 492 586 794

Women's Christian College, Hl34 11 19 6 25 104 23 127 11 1 19 30 ]57 Madras. ]935 12 20 7 27 108 19 127 14 15 29 156 1936 11 19, 7 26 110 17 127 23 15 38 165

St. Christopher's Training 1934 42 75 3 78 11 2 13 91 College. 1935 3~ 57 3 60 14 6 20 80 1936 3 i.l ' 23 3 26 5 4 9 35 , United Theological College, 1934 3 4 7: 1 21 21 2 2 23 Bangalore. ] 935 4 2~ 6A! 1 25 I 25 1 1 26 1936 4 3 7" 1 20 20 3 3 23 The United PrOllillces.

Allahabad Christian 1!13! i 14 17 31 25 56 83 369 452 20! 343 363 815 College, Allahabad. 12 29 23 52 66 354 420 18 373 391 811 1935 '1' 17 1936 16 17 33 20 53 71 389 460 19 362 381 841

St. John's College, Agra. ]93-! ' 10 9 19 23 42 31 120 151 23 300 323 474 1935 III 8 19 24 43 34 126 160 22 288 310 470 1936 . 12 7 19 24 43 36 116, 152 16 282 298 450 , Christ Church College, 1934' 3. 3 6 13 19 1 57: 58 15 198 213 271 Cawnpore. 1935 2 I 4 6 13 19 1 so I 51 12 180 192 243 1936 2 1 4! 6 13 19 3 54', 57 8 182 190 247

St. Andrew's College, 1934 5 G 12 18 4 24 28 6 255 261 289 Gorakhpur. 1935 8 1 9 10 19 2 26 28 6 240 246 274 19 31 7 260 267 298 1936 8 1 9 10 I 31 Christian College, Indore. 1934 S 3 8 5 13 4! 81 85 i 8 200 208 293 19.1S 5 3 8 5 13 5 82 87 I 5 219 224 311 1936 4 3 7 5 12 4 95 99 6 215 221 320 Isabella Thoburn College, 1934 8 11 I 19 5 24, 109 35 144 5 16 21 165 Lucknow. 1935 10, 12 , 22 5 27 116 38 154 10 13 23' 177 i 1936 i]O 11' 21 5 26 102' 49 151 11 18 29 I 180

Christian College, Lucknowi 1934 I 24 4 28 16 44 96 117 213 ! 39 618 657 I 870 ! 1935 26 3 29 16 45 108 156 264 ' 41 639 680 ~ 944 1936 27 3 30 15 4S 137 154 291! 4 716 720 i 1011 i Leonard 'l'heological 1934 1 5 6 6 40 40 i 40 College, Jubbulpore. 1935 3 10 13 ]3 45 45 I 45 1936 3 7 10 10 45 45 45

Theological College, 1934 2 3 5 5 i 27 27 27 Saharanpur. 193$ 3 2 5 20 20 20 1936 2 3 5' 1 6 21 21 21 The PUl1jab.

1 I 1 ,

Forman Christian College, 'I' 1934 I 16 10; 26 : 26! 52 1 17 i 355, 372! 34 I 761 795 I 1167 Lahore. 1935 1 13 12! 25 I 2821 5311 20 355 I 375 I 30 i 670 700 i 1075 i 1936 I 13 lOr 23f 25~1 49 j 23 I 413' 436, 27, 602 629 1065

Gordon College, : 1934 4 4 i 8 i 141 22 i 30 90 i ] 20 241' 407 i 409 529 Rawalpindi. . 1935' 7 4 I 11 i 14 25 I 29 i 63 I 92 390 i 394 486 i 1936 7, u l 92 16 252, 35 I 87 i 122 3! 345 348 470 1

Edwardes College, : 1934 I 4 I 2"1 6' 5 11 I' 8 I 33 1 41 5 I 127! 132 I 173 Peshawar. : 1935: 4: 2 6 7 13; 6 32 I 38 i 4! 141! 145 183

i 1936. 4! 1 5 8 1 13 8 25 I 33 3 1 147 150' 183 , ill I I Murray College, Sialkot 1934, 9 I 4 I 13 11 24 35 45 80 10 i 358 :ll_H 448 1935: 6' -1 10 I 11 i 21 31 44 75 ; IS! 354 369 H-! ] 936! 6 I 4 i 10 I 12 i 22 33 41 I 74 i 42 396 438 512

Kinnaird College, Lahore. 1934! 7 I 81 15 1 4 'I' 19 22 55 I 77 I 8 52 60 137

i 1935 I 5 I' 7 I 12 I 7 1 19 1 20 57 ',1 77, 11 73 84 161

1 1936 i__ 4__ ,_6~i~I~ __1~~~i~ ~~~ ~ TOTAL 1934 12802i170~1 451 1381 i 832 1433 i 2742 I 4175 :720 , 8234 . 8954 13]29 1935 j2982\170 I 468~1387 855.\ 14021279914201 G88 I, 7789 I 8477 12678 1936 1293~ 159 4522;379 I 831~! 1450 2769 4219 68~1 i 8200 18889 13108

Ncie.--Two part-time teachers are taken as one for calculating the total strength of the teaching staff.