DOCSLIB.ORG

6R PROCEEDINGS of the BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
6R PROCEEDINGS of the BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY 6r PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY majority also contain small areas of calcium in urine may actively bind Ca2+ to form a nidus phosphate, which are not readily detectable by (Boyce, Garvey & Norfleet, 1955). However, there existing techniques such as X-ray crystallography. is little experimental evidence to support this The morphological appearance of these deposits hypothesis (Keutel, King & Boyce, 1964), and it suggests that deposition of calcium phosphate may seems likely that the organic matrix of calculi is often precede the deposition of calcium oxalate. adventitious, its presence being due to the co- These data permit a rational hypothesis for the precipitation of protein with calcium salts cause of calcium stones. The first prerequisite is (Vermeulen, Lyon & Fried, 1965). almost certainly hypercalciuria, which is generally We thank Dr R. Marshall for the data on diurnal vari- due to an increased intestinal absorption of calcium ations in urine activity products, Mr A. Chambers for the (Peacock, Hodgkinson & Nordin, 1967). In the electron micro-probe analyses and Dr. June Sutor for the presence of a high calcium concentration, over- X-ray-diffraction analyses of small urinary-tract calculi. saturation of the urine and precipitation of calcium Boyce, W. H., Garvey, F. K. & Norfleet, C. M. (1955). salts is readily produced by quite small variations Am. J. Med. 19, 87. in urine oxalate (for oxalate stones) or urine pH (for Butt, A. J. (1952). J. Urol. 67, 450. phosphate stones). Doremus, R. E. (1970). J. phy8. Chem., Ithaca, 74, 1405. Although the above outline may suffice to explain Finlayson, B. & Miller, G. H. (1969). Inve8t. Urol. 6, 428. renal stone disease, other more subtle mechanisms Fleisch, H. & Bisaz, S. (1962). Am. J. Phy8iol. 203, 671. have been invoked at various times. Thus it is Francis, M. D. (1969). Calcif. Ti8sue Re8. 3, 151. frequently suggested that normal urine contains Heaton, F. W. (1967). Clinica chim. Acta, 15, 139. factors that help to keep the calcium saltsin solution. Hodgkinson, A., Peacock, M. & Nicholson, M. (1969). These include protective colloids (Butt, 1952), Invest. Urol. 6, 549. polyphosphates (Fleisch & Bisaz, 1962) and small Howard, J. E., Thomas, W. C., Barker, L. M., Smith, L. H. & Wadkins, C. L. (1967). Johns Hopkins med. peptides (Howard, Thomas, Barker, Smith & J. 120, 119. Wadkins, 1967). Although there is good evidence Keutel, H. J., King, J. S. & Boyce, W. H. (1964). Urol. that these compounds will inhibit the precipitation int. 17, 324. ofcalcium salts in vitro, their role in stone formation Lewis, A. M., Thomas, W. C. & Tomita, A. (1966). Clin. remains unproven (Maclagan & Anderson, 1958; Sci. 30, 389. Russell & Hodgkinson, 1966; Lewis, Thomas & Maclagan, N. F. & Anderson, A. J. (1958). Br. J. Urol. Tomita,1966;Robertson,Hambleton&Hodgkinson, 30,269. 1969a). Indeed, therecognition of a metastable state Pak, C. Y. C. (1969). J. clin. Invest. 48, 1914. in urine (Robertson et al. 1968) appears to obviate Peacock, M., Hodgkinson, A. & Nordin, B. E. C. (1967). the need to invoke nucleating inhibitors, although Br. med. J. 3, 469. Raaflaub, J. (1962). Hoppe-Seyler's Z. physiol. Chem. the possibility remains that these compounds inhibit 328,198. crystal growth, rather than nucleation (Francis, Robertson, W. G., Hambleton, J. & Hodgkinson, A. 1969). Unfortunately, most studies of inhibition (1969a). Clinica chim. Acta, 25, 247. have been made without precise control of the Robertson, W. G., Peacock, M. & Nordin, B. E. C. (1968). degree of saturation of urine with respect to an Clin. Sci. 34, 579. appropriate solid phase and there is a need to Robertson,W. G., Peacock, M. & Nordin, B. E. C. (1969b). re-examine this problem in terms of the state of Lancet, ii, 21. saturation of urine. Ross, J. W. (1967). Science, N.Y., 156, 1378. Crystallization frequently involves, not only Russell, R. G. G. & Hodgkinson, A. (1966). Clin. Sci. 31, nucleation and but also 51. crystal growth, crystal Schultz, F. A., Petersen, A. J., Mask, C. A. & Buck, R. P. aggregation (Van Hook, 1961; Doremus, 1970), and (1968). Science, N.Y., 162, 267. this phenomenon may play an important part in Van Hook, A. (1961). Crystallization: Theory and Practice, stone formation. For example, large octahedral p. 228. New York: Reinhold. crystals ofcalcium oxalate dihydrateandaggregates Vermeulen, C. W., Lyon, E. S. & Fried, F. A. (1965). J. ofcrystals up to 500,umin diameter were observed in Urol. 94, 176. the urine of stone-formers after an oral dose of Walser, M. (1960). Analyt. Chem. 32, 711. sodium oxalate (Robertson etal. 1969b). In contrast, control subjects given the same dose of sodium Crystallographic Studies on the Formation of oxalate showed little or no crystalluria. Whether Renal Calculi these differences were due only to the higher Ca2+ and oxalate concentrations or to a deficiency of By D. JuwE SuTop. (Department of Chemi8try, crystallization inhibitors in the stone-forming Univer8ity CoUege London, 20 Gordon Street, London urines is under investigation. W.C.1, U.K.) Finally there is the 'matrix hypothesis', which At University College London we axe studying postulates that certain macromolecular substances urinary calculus disease by crystallographic tech- PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY niques using X-ray diffraction to determine stone inhibitor are not so susceptible to such fluctua- composition and crystallization experiments to tions. study growth. There are several types of calculi The principle of inhibition of crystal growth by each having different major constituents and a the presence of foreign compounds or ions in the different aetiology: juvenile bladder and a few crystallizing medium suggests a possible method of kidney stones (ammonium acid urate and calcium treatment of urinary stone disease. Experiments oxalate), adult bladder stones (uric acid), adult in vitro have shown that the rate of growth of kidney and some bladder stones (calcium oxalate calcium oxalate deposits can be retarded by many and phosphates and, in certain countries, uric acid) substances in particular those that form soluble (Lonsdale, Sutor & Wooley, 1968a,b; Sutor & stable complexes with the Ca2+ or oxalate ion and Wooley, 1969, 1970b). The geographical and those that are absorbed on to crystal faces and so historical distributions of these groups are quite prevent further growth (Sutor, 1969; Sutor & different, but there is evidence of a recurrent Wooley, 1970a). Tests on urines collected before historical pattern of change in the type and com- arLd after administration ofone ofthese compounds position of stones as a country becomes technically (Methylene Blue) to habitual formers of calcium developed. The emphasis changes from endemic oxalate stones showed the dye usually prevented bladder stones in children to kidney stones in crystalluria, slowed down nucleation in the urine adults (Andersen, 1968). The endemic stones found and substantially decreased the rate at which in this country and Europe years ago are common crystalline deposits already present grew (Sutor, today in poorer parts of developing countries like 1970). India and Thailand. With improved standards of Andersen, D. A. (1968). Ho8p. Med. 2, 1024. living the disease dies out. In the industrialized Howard, J. E. & Thomas, W. C., jun. (1958). Tran. countries adult kidney stones are the most common Am. clin. dim. A88. 70,94. type and are on the increase. They consist pre- Lonsdale, K., Sutor, D. J. & Wooley, S. E. (1968a). Br. J. dominantly of calcium oxalate and/or calcium Urol. 40, 33. phosphate and sometimes struvite (MgNH4PO4,- Lonsdale, K., Sutor, D. J. & Wooley, S. E. (1968b). Br. J. 6H20) if the urine becomes infected. In parts of Urol. 40, 402. Europe and the Middle East, uric acid is also a Sutor, D. J. (1969). Br. J. Urol. 41, 171. major constituent (Lonsdale et al. 1968b; Sutor & Sutor, D. J. (1970). Br. J. Urol. 42, 389. Wooley, 1970b). The important constituent of Sutor, D. J. & Wooley, S. E. (1969). Br. J. Urol. 41, 397. endemic stones, ammonium acid urate, is rarely Sutor, D. J. & Wooley, S. E. (1970a). Br. J. Urol. 42,296. Sutor, D. J. & Wooley, S. E. (1970b). Br. J. Urol. 42, 302. found in these calculi. Thomas, W. C., jun. (1969). In Renal Stone Besearch Urinary calculi consist predominantly of crystal- Symposium, Chapter 15, p. 141. Ed. by Hodgkinson, line material, and for nucleation and growth to A. & Nordin, B. E. C. London: J. and A. Churchill Ltd. occur, urine must be saturated or supersaturated. As many highly saturated urines never form stones, it is thought that the presence or absence of in- hibitors ofcrystallization (substances which prevent Primary Hyperoxaluria or slow down crystal growth) may explain the By R. W. E. WATTS. (Medica Research Council difference between stone-formers' and non-stone- Clinical Re8earch Centre, Watford Road, Harrow formers' urines. Experimental evidence on the HA1 3UJ, U.K.) ability of different urines to deposit apatite crystals in various mineralizing systems in vitro shows a Patients with primary hyperoxaluria present basic difference between urines from non-stone- with calcium oxalate urinary stones and are found formers and recurrent calcium-stone-formers and to have an abnormally high urinary excretion of suggests the presence of an inhibitor of calcification oxalate. The stone formation usually begins in in the urine from non-stone-formers (Howard & childhood and the victims die in early life because Thomas, 1958; Thomas, 1969). Studies on the their kidneys are destroyed inexorably by recurrent growth rate of calcium oxalate deposits in different urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. However, stone urines gradually saturated with calcium and oxalate formation begins later in a few cases. Disseminated ions indicate the presence of a powerful inhibitor of extra-renal deposits of calcium oxalate ('oxalosis') calcium oxalate crystal growth in urines from non- are found at autopsy; these are particularly stone-formers, which is absent or present in smaller prominent in the myocardium, muscular parts ofthe amounts in urines from calcium-stone-formers arterial walls and in the rete testis.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction
    AMERICAN CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION Number 2 Summer 2012 Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction American Crystallographic Association ACA HOME PAGE: www.amercrystalassn.org Table of Contents 2 President’s Column What’s on the Cover 3 News from Canada - page 40 4 ACA Balance Sheet 5 From the Editor’s Desk IUCr Partners with AIP UniPHY Errata 6 News from Argentina Contributors to this Issue / Bruker Awards 8 Puzzle Corner 9-10 Book Reviews 11-20 ACA History The Early Days of the ACA David Sayre (1924 - 2012) 21 AIP Inside Science 22 ACA Corporate Members 23-31 Candidates for ACA Officers and Committees for 2012 32 ACA Trueblood Award to Tom Terwilliger ACA Fankuchen Award to Richard Dickerson 34-35 Carl Branden Award to Helen Berman AIP Andrew Gemant Award to Lisa Randall Golden Mouse Award to Crystallographic iPhone app Awards Available / Travel and Fellowships 36 Scientific Controversies and Crystallography 37 Big Data Initiative 38 ACA 2012 Student Award Winners 39 ACA 2012 Exhibitors and Sponsors / ACA 2013 - Hawaii - Preview 40 Future Meetings / Index of Advertisers What’s on the Cover ACA RefleXions staff: Please address matters pertaining to ads, membeship, or use of Editor: Connie Rajnak [email protected] the ACA mailing list to: Editor: Judith L. Flippen-Anderson [email protected] Marcia J. Colquhoun, Director of Administrative Services Copy Editor: Jane Griffin [email protected] American Crystallographic Association Book Reviews: Joe Ferrara [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • FALL2015.Pdf
    Introducing… In Meso In Situ Serial Crystallography mitegen.com/imisx Easy Crystallizaon in LCP • Simple in situ X-ray Diffracon • Standard Goniometer Compable • Serial Crystallography Enabling • Advanced Dual-Sandwich Design Rethink what your LCP crystallizaon plate is capable of. EZ-Cut LCP LCP Tools Easy Access LCP Crystallizaon Plate Starter Kits, Syringes, Lipids & More Take your crystallizaon in LCP to the next level with MiTeGen’s new LCP line mitegen.com/lcp ACA - Structure Matters www.AmerCrystalAssn.org Table of Contents 2 President’s Column 2-4 News from Canada 4 From the Editor's Desk 5-6 Update on Structural Dynamics Chris Cahill 7 What's on the Cover ACA President 8-11 Poster Prizes in Philadelphia 12 Undergraduate Student Reception in Philadelphia Contributors to this Issue What's on the Cover 13-51 Philadelphia ACA Meeting Page 7 21 Index of Advertisers 53-54 2015 ACA Summer Course 56 What's New on the ACA History Website Spotlight on Stamps Juanma García-Ruiz Net RefleXions 15 Plenary Lecturer in Philadelphia 58-59 Puzzle Corner 59 YSSIG Activities 60-61 48th Erice International School of Crystallography 61-62 Updates from 2014-2015 AIP Science & Technology Fellows 62 CSD50 Symposium Daniel Rabinovich 64-65 News & Awards Spotlight on Stamps 65-66 Book Reviews 66-67 2015 Wisconsin Crystal-Growing Competition 68 Net RefleXions 69 CCDC Data Deposition Service Enhancement 70-71 ACA 2016 Denver Preview 72 Future Meetings Anastasiya Vinokur Net RefleXions Contributions to ACA RefleXions may be sent to either of the Editors: Please address matters pertaining to advertisements, membership Judith L.
    [Show full text]
  • Amino Acid Complexes
    molecules Article Synthesis, Characterization, and Non-Covalent Interactions of Palladium(II)-Amino Acid Complexes David B. Hobart, Jr. 1,2 , Michael A. G. Berg 1 , Hannah M. Rogers 1 and Joseph S. Merola 1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; [email protected] (D.B.H.J.); [email protected] (M.A.G.B.); [email protected] (H.M.R.) 2 Air Liquide Advanced Materials, 197 Meister Ave., Branchburg, NJ 08876, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The reaction of palladium(II) acetate with acyclic amino acids in acetone/water yields square planar bis-chelated palladium amino acid complexes that exhibit interesting non-covalent interactions. In all cases, complexes were examined by multiple spectroscopic techniques, especially HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry), IR (infrared spectroscopy), and 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. In some cases, suitable crystals for single crystal X-ray diffraction were able to be grown and the molecular structure was obtained. The molecular geometries of the products are discussed. Except for the alanine complex, all complexes incorporate water molecules into the extended lattice and exhibit N-H···O and/or O···(HOH)···O hydrogen bonding interactions. The non-covalent interactions are discussed in terms of the extended lattice structures exhibited by the structures. Citation: Hobart, D.B., Jr.; Berg, Keywords: palladium; chelate; amino acid; hydrogen bonding; non-covalent interaction; X-ray M.A.G.; Rogers, H.M.; Merola, J.S. crystallography Synthesis, Characterization, and Non-Covalent Interactions of Palladium(II)-Amino Acid Complexes. Molecules 2021, 26, 4331. 1. Introduction https://doi.org/10.3390/ Prior work from our group has dealt with the simplest α amino acids, the glycines [1], molecules26144331 and the cyclic amino acids, the prolines [2], respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Functions and Importance of CH···O Bonds in SET Domain Methyltransferases
    The Functions and Importance of CH···O Bonds in SET Domain Methyltransferases by Scott A. Horowitz A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Biophysics) in The University of Michigan 2013 Doctoral Committee: Professor Hashim M. Al-Hashimi, Co-Chair Associate Professor Raymond C. Trievel, Co-Chair Professor Charles L. Brooks III Assistant Professor Tomek Cierpicki Professor Anna K. Mapp © Scott Horowitz 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to first and foremost thank Profs. Ray Trievel and Hashim Al- Hashimi. I consider myself lucky to have been able to learn two different approaches to a scientific problem from two tremendous scientists. I would also like to thank my dissertation committee for their many useful suggestions over the years. I would like to thank everyone from the Trievel and Al-Hashimi groups, many of whom have aided and taught me over the years. In particular, Paul Del Rizzo taught me much of what I know about working with proteins and biochemistry, and Jennifer Nimtz was extremely helpful in protein crystallization. Alex Hansen has given me enormous support learning advanced NMR concepts, and most importantly, Joseph Yesselman has been an enthusiastic collaborator on many facets of this work, without whom I would not have been able to complete much of what is presented here. Also, many collaborators from outside the university have been instrumental in this work. Most notably, Lynnette Dirk and Bob Houtz performed the radiometric assays, and gladly took up each new challenge as it came. Also, the advice of Ryan Mehl provided essential advice on making protein with unnatural amino acids and the help of Sam Butcher and Kirk van der Meulen helped us considerably with ITC analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystallography News British Crystallographic Association
    Crystallography News British Crystallographic Association Issue No. 123 December 2012 ISSN 1467-2790 European Meeting 27 ACA Meeting Report p6 Margaret Etter Awards p10 ECM27 Reports p11 Crystallography in the Garden p16 ECM 28 Invitation p22 EXPERIENCE TRUE BRILLIANCE Confidence means a revolutionary high-brilliance X-ray system that meets the needs of the most challenging crystallography projects. Agilent’s new GV1000 X-ray diffractometer represents a major leap forward in the generation of X-rays for demanding structural biology applications. The GV1000 combines novel approaches in all core source components, with innovative gradient vacuum technology affording an extremely compact, quiet and high-brilliance X-ray source. See macromolecular structures in a whole new light with the brilliant new Agilent GV1000 X-ray diffractometer. Learn more at www.agilent.com/lifesciences/GV1000. Scan the QR code with your smartphone for more information about GV1000 © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2012 The DualSource RAPID II The most f lexible diff ractometer in the world • Small molecule crystal structures • Powder diff raction • Protein crystal structures • Absolute determination of chiral compounds • Diff use scattering • Supermolecular structures • Twinned and disordered crystals www.Rigaku.com/dsr2 Rigaku Corporation and its Global Subsidiaries website: www.Rigaku.com | email: [email protected] Crystallography News December 2012 Contents From the Editor. 2 BCA Council 2012. 3 From the President. 4 BCA Administrative Office, Helen Leese Puzzle Corner. 5 First Floor Hornbeam House American Crystallographic Association Hornbeam Business Park Annual Meeting. 6 Harrogate HG2 8QT Tel: +44 (0)1423 855 990 Fax: +44 (0)1423 855 999 Margaret Etter Student Lecture Awards.
    [Show full text]
  • The British Society of Gastroenterology
    Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.13.10.836 on 1 October 1972. Downloaded from Gut, 1972, 13, 836-857 The British Society of Gastroenterology The 33rd annual general meeting of the British Society of Gastroenterology was held at Aviemore, Inverness-shire from 28 to 30 September 1972 under the Presidency of Professor W. I. Card. The programme included a very large number of communications of which the abstracts follow, and symposia on 'A new look at gastritis' and 'Gastrooesophageal reflux and its complications'. The Sir Arthur Hurst Memorial Lecture on 'Gut hormones-milestones and signposts' was given by Morton I. Grossman. A general report and a note on the annual business meeting, which was attended by honorary, senior, and ordinary members, is on page 858. Hepatic Damage from Overdose of Paracetamol size and cholesterol and calcium content of gall- stones on rates of dissolution has been studied in R. P. H. THOMPSON, R. CLARK, R. A. WILLSON, V. vitro and in vivo. BORIRAKCHANYAVAT, B. WIDDOP, R. GOULDING, and Selected human gallstones, removed at surgery, R. WILLIAMS (Liver Unit, King's College Hospital and were analysed chemically and by x-ray diffraction Poisons Unit, Guy's Hospital, London) The in- and then exposed to flowing bile of rhesus monkeys creasing use of paracetamol as an analgesic has been with an intact enterohepatic circulation'. Rapid followed by an increased incidence of overdoses. gallstone dissolution was associated with (1) high We have seen 46 patients during two years; 42 who gallstone cholesterol content; (2) bile undersaturated took more than 13 g developed liver damage, and with cholesterol; (3) high surface area: weight ratio.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 ACA Annual Meeting New Orleans, Louisiana Make Your Experiment Time Your Zen Time
    2017 ACA Annual Meeting New Orleans, Louisiana Make Your Experiment Time Your Zen Time What is the sound of one hand clapping? Unfortunately, this is one question that our all-new APEX3 software cannot answer. However, with its combination of lightning speed, unrivalled power and its intuitive and easy- to-use interface, APEX3 will solve your crystallographic problems faster than ever before, leaving you more time to meditate on the mysteries of crystallography. Contact us for a personal system demonstration www.bruker.com/APEX3 Crystallography Innovation with Integrity APEX3_ACA_proof6.indd 1 5/7/15 1:07:01 PM Summer 2015 Title Summer 2017 Table of Contents ACA HOME PAGE: www.amercrystalassn.org 2 President’s Column What’s on the Cover The idea for this cover came 3 ACA Balance Sheet from James O’Brien, the 4 Update on the ACA History Portal winner of the 2017 Elizabeth 5 - 8 ACA Living History - A. Michael Glazer Wood Science Writing Award.: 10-12 ACA History - Rose C. L. Mooney-Slater See page13 13 What’s on the Cover 14-15 Book Reviews 15 Index of Advertisers 17-18 2018 ACA Awards Buerger: Frank Hawthorne Warren: Simon Billinge Etter Early Career: Jason McLellan 18-19 2017 ACA Fellows 21-22 General News and Awards to ACA Members In Memoriam 22-23 Al Tulinsky 23-24 Robert Rosenstein 26-27 Bryan Craven 27 Philip Coppens 28 AIP Services / For Your Information 29 Spotlight on Stamps / Contributors to this Issue 30 Puzzle Corner Update on Structural Dynamics 31 2016 ACA Transactions Now Online 32 Structural Dynamics at ACA 2017 33 Structural Dynamics - New Home Page 34-36 Refl eXions from Canada 37-43 Candidates for ACA Offi cers and Committees for 2018 44 ACA Corporate Members 45 Future Meetings / AIP Fellowships Available 46 ACA Toronto 2018 - Preview 47-48 ACA 2017 - New Orleans Please address matters pertaining to advertisements, membership fl Contributions to ACA Re eXions may be sent to either of the Editors: inquiries, or use of the ACA mailing list to: Thomas F.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthur Lindo Patterson, His Function and Element Preferences in Early Crystal Structures Carl H. Schwalbea B
    Arthur Lindo Patterson, his function and element preferences in early crystal structures Carl H. Schwalbe a b a School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK b Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK Correspondence to: [email protected] Carl H. Schwalbe received his AB in Chemistry from Oberlin College and his AM from Harvard University. His PhD research at Harvard was supervised by Nobel laureate William N. Lipscomb. After postdoctoral research at the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine in Göttingen, Germany, he joined Aston University in Birmingham in 1972 as a Lecturer in Pharmacy, eventually becoming Professor of Medicinal Chemistry. On retiring in 2010, he was appointed Honorary Senior Research Fellow at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. His research interests involve the use of structural information, mainly obtained by X-ray crystallography, to explain the activity of drugs and the properties of solid dosage forms. In periods of sabbatical leave at Brookhaven National Laboratory and Oxford University, he also applied neutron diffraction and computational chemistry. He has authored or co-authored three reviews on historical aspects of crystallography: the important pioneering crystallographic research done by Lars Vegard, renowned as a physicist studying the aurora borealis but little-known as a crystallographer; the identification by June Sutor of C-H…O hydrogen bonding, which met with disdain before eventually being confirmed; and the scientific and personal relationship between Max von Laue and the Braggs. Arthur Lindo Patterson, his function and element preferences in early crystal structures In 1934 Arthur Lindo Patterson showed that a map of interatomic vectors is obtainable from measured X-ray diffraction data without phase information.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 83, No.1, January 2019 ISSN 0110-5566 (Print)
    ISSN 0110-5566 (Print) ISSN 2624-1161 (Online) Volume 83, No.1, January 2019 Published on behalf of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry in January, April, July and October. The New Zealand Institute of Chemistry Publisher Incorporated Rebecca Hurrell PO Box 13798 Email: [email protected] Johnsonville Wellington 6440 Advertising Sales Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Printed by Graphic Press Editor Dr Catherine Nicholson Disclaimer C/- BRANZ, Private Bag 50 908 The views and opinions expressed in Chemistry in New Porirua 5240 Zealand are those of the individual authors and are not necessarily those of the publisher, the Editorial Phone: 04 238 1329 Board or the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry. Mobile: 027 348 7528 Whilst the publisher has taken every precaution to Email: [email protected] ensure the total accuracy of material contained in Chemistry in New Zealand, no responsibility for errors or omissions will be accepted. Consulting Editor Emeritus Professor Brian Halton Copyright School of Chemical and Physical Sciences The contents of Chemistry in New Zealand are subject Victoria University of Wellington to copyright and must not be reproduced in any PO Box 600, Wellington 6140 form, wholly or in part, without the permission of the Publisher and the Editorial Board. Email: [email protected] On the cover: Mendeleev’s handwritten version of the periodic law, based on atomic weight and chemical resemblance. The United Nations have designated 2019 the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. It marks 150 years since Mendeleev’s first table. See article by Brian Halton, page 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Sketches of Crystallography Laboratories New Zealand
    16/09/2013 Society of Crystallographers in Australia (SCA) - Newsletters [Back to SCA Homepage | What's New | Contact Information | SCA Conferences and Events] | Newsletters No 31, May 1996 The SCA homepage is located at http://www.sca.asn.au Sketches of Crystallography Laboratories New Zealand 1. The New Zealand Institute for Industrial Research & Development (IRL), Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Industrial Research Limited (IRL) is one of the new government science companies that grew out of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) divisions and the science research groups in the Ministries of Agriculture and Health. Chemistry Division, DSIR, traced its history back to 1865 (the Colonial Laboratory) before this restructuring in 1992. X-ray diffraction equipment (Metropolitan Vickers) was first installed and operated by George Paterson in 1947. Early work on New Zealand clays was carried out with Morice Fieldes, later of Soil Bureau, DSIR. In 1957, the X-ray facilities were upgraded with a Philips powder diffractometer; Peter Williams began his studies on barbiturate identification and in 1959 went to Cambridge to complete a PhD in crystallography. Peter later lead the Physical Chemistry section which hosted a collection of spectroscopic techniques. Powder diffraction services provided "fingerprinting" for the forensic scientists and supported the mineral, geochemistry, and cement and concrete research groups e.g. developing quantitative methods for estimation of mineral phases in cements and rocks. Single crystal studies focused on studies of polymorphism, in support of the drug identification, and thermally induced phase changes in organic compounds. Others associated with this section were Prof Ray Golding, Dr David Natusch and Prof David Rae.
    [Show full text]
  • ACA Living History - A
    ACA Structure Matters ACA Living History - A. Michael Glazer Summer 2017 66 Years in Crystals! about its history, methods of preparation and chemistry!! That was indeed a stroke of luck. A. Michael Glazer is currently the vice-president of the IUCr and one of the founders of Oxford Cryosystems. Mike obtained his Ph.D. with Kathleen Lonsdale followed by a post-doc in Helen Megaw’s laboratory. He is well known for his research into structure-property relationships in perovskites. He’s also taken an interest in the history of crystallography: “There ain’t nothing like a Dame: a commentary on Lonsdale (1947) ‘Divergent beam X-ray photography of crystals’” [Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 373: 20140232] and Crystal Clear: The Autobiogra- phies of Sir Lawrence and Lady Bragg (co-edited with Patience Right: W.L. Bragg demonstrating the Paget voice synthe- Thomson). Mike has been an ACA member for over 40 years. sizer. Left: Audience of school children in 1957. The young boy ringed is me! I must have been 7 or 8 Before going up to university I had some time to kill and so I years old when, walking went for an interview with a local military research company, El- home from school, I picked liott Automation in Borehamwood. I recall that I was interviewed up a spherical pebble, and for this job on a Friday afternoon. I was asked just one question: as little boys are apt to do you know Ohm’s Law? I said yes and they said, OK you start do, I threw it on the ground on Monday.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystallography News British Crystallographic Association
    Crystallography News British Crystallographic Association Issue No. 148 March 2019 ISSI 1467-2790 Successful BCA Group and Pan-African meetings Spring Meeting programme p6 AGM agenda p8 Group Meeting reports p9 Pan-African Conference report p16 SpringerBriefs announcement p17 PHOTON III – Mixed Mode Detection We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein PHOTON III – Best performance for your application needs The PHOTON III detector series benefits from mixed-mode detection, seamlessly combining photon counting and integration modes, to dramatically improve the data quality: No parallax smearing for superior data Photon counting with zero read noise and zero dark current for the ultimate in sensitivity Strong reflections accurately integrated with no count rate saturation Largest home-lab detector for efficient data acquisition Zero dead time, shutterless and continuous data collection for the fastest experiments www.bruker.com/photon3 Crystallography Innovation with Integrity HOT TOPICS IN CONTEMPORARY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 4 – Structural Biology Mlini, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Oct. 1 – 6, 2019 HTCC workshops – What is it all about? The HTCC workshops tackle most fascinating achievements in both experimental methods and theoretical approaches, which lately put forward structural research to the front lines of natural sciences. We bring together leading experts in chosen domains as lecturers, and utterly ambitious scientists in crystallography or related fields as “students”, who may come from both academia and industry, are keen to acquire new knowledge on the cutting edge methods in structural sciences and explore options to apply them to their ongoing research, or simply desire to find a glimmer of inspiration for their future projects based on the latest developments in structural research.
    [Show full text]