DOCSLIB.ORG

Canal Systems Automation Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Canal Systems Automation Manual u.s. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Reclamation A Water Ilesources 'T echnical F.ublication A guide to the use of engineering technology Plertaining to selecting auto- matic control schemes for canals con- veying water to irrigable lands. u.s. DEPAR1~MENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Reclamation By c. P. Buyalski [). G. Ehler II. T. Falvey [). C. Rogers I:. A. Serfozo Project Management by D. L. King FiJrst Edition 1991 Hydraulics Branch Research and Laboratory Services Division EI,ectrical Branch Electrical and ME~chanical Engineerilllg Division Water ,Conveyance Branch Civil Engineering Divisionl Denver Office u.s. DEPART~~ENT OF THI:: Il'ITERIOR Bureau of Reclama1:iol11 Mission of the Bureau of Reclamation The Bureau of Reclamation of the U.S. Department of the Interior i.~ responsible for the development and conservation of the Nation's water resource.~ in the Western United State.~. The Bureau'.~ original purpo.~e "to provide for the reclamation of arid and semiarid lands in the West" today covers a wide range of interrelated functions. These include providing municipal and indu.~trial water .~ujoplies; hydroelectric power generation; irrigation water for agriculture; water quality improvement; f'ood control; river navigation; river regulation and control; fish and wildlife enhance- ment; outdoor recreation; and research on u'ater.related design, con.~truction, materials, atmo.~pheric management, and wind and .~olar power. Bureau program.~ most frequently are the re.~ult of close cooperation with the U.S. Congress, other Federal agencies, States, local governments, acad,?mic institl.ltions. water-user organizations, and other concerned groups. \Il~ 11,,(' or Iracl(' llill11("' illltl IriICI('I11i1r!.." ill Ihi" pll"lic,llioll i" ror cl.'..('ripli\(' p"r,IO"t"' olll~ illlfl flo('" Ilfll f'oll"lillll(' Mlflor..('m('111 I,~ Ihl' Hllr('illl or Ht'c'I;JI11i1lioll. The information c~ontained in this report regarding commercial products or firms may not be used for advertising or promotional purposes and is not to be construed as an endorsement of any product or firm by the Bureau of Reclamation. iv ~ PREFACE Since its inception in 1902, one of the Bureau of effort. Additionally, a representative from the Water Reclamation's prime objectives has been the supply Operations and Maintenance Branch (now Facilities of irrigation water to arid lands. This involves the Engineering Branch) and a technical editor were construction of dams to store water and o'f canals appointed to the author team to assist the authors to distribute the water. Like the artisans of a in its preparation (scheduling, coordination, editing, millennium, the Bureau has sought to improve the and illustration). methods of water distribution. The earliest designs of canals primarily were based upon the m,aximum The manual is primarily for flow condition. This design does not provide the requisite flexibility to operate a canal system .Managers and operation engineers of efficiently. To improve operations, the conc;epts of water conveyance systems who are inter- automation were conceived (circa 1950). The first ested in implementing advanced water canal automation attempts were crude, but they operations techniques for more effective were immediately successful. Advances in the and efficient operations. operation of canals through the use of automation .Designers, researchers, and operation paralleled the development of electronics in industry. engineers who have technical oversight Presently, some Bureau canals and dams are being responsibilities in a staff role for review controlled by the most sophisticated computer of project operations. equipment and programs that are available. In September 1986, the author team began its The first research program in canal automation endeavor; sub~;equently, it was decided to publish began in 1966 by the Bureau's Mid-Pacific Region. the manual in three volumes; it would address the The results of these studies were applied to canals needs of the different audiences. The volumes would in California. The need for a much broader research progress from fundamentals of canal automation to program soon became apparent-one which would complex control theory applications. The level of apply to all the Bureau's regions. Therefore, in 1971 , detail in the first volume would be sufficient for a the Bureau's Engineering and Research Center (now planner or system manager to understand the the Denver Office) formed a water systems auto- various control concepts. The second volume is to mation team in Denver, Colorado. The team members be oriented toward planning and design engineers. consisted of engineers from the planning, design, It would delve deeper into control theory, illustrating and research disciplines. The purpose of the team the concepts wilth equations, methods of simulation, was to coordinate and direct a program of canal and hardware technology. However, the detail will automation research development and application. not be at a level that would allow one to perform Annual meetings were held with representatives transient analysis of a system or to develop values from each region to ensure that the program for control parameters. The third volume is intended conformed to regional needs. to focus on selected topics in research and devel- opment that had not been implemented on Bureau A positive aspect of the interdisciplinary team effort projects. It would be of interest to research and was in strengthening of the canal automation development specialists. capabilities and in developing technical staff in many of the regions and in the design groups at the Denver Previously published information related to the Office. As regional and design staff's e):pertise details of automated canal systems, as well as the developed, the need for an interdisciplinary team at availabilityof numerical models, would be identified Denver gradually decreased. However, the (jivision in the manual. Part of the manual consists of chiefs (at Denver Office) recognized a nE~ed for standardized definitions of specific automation consolidating the automation knowledge -gained terms. A glossary expands on the usage most by the interdisciplinary studies -within a manual. prevalent in the Bureau of Reclamation. In 1986, a Water Systems Automation Manal~ement Volume I is by the following team Team, which consisted of branch chiefs, was formed at the Denver Office to help prepare a manlJal that Clark P. Buyalsk.i (retired) Hydraulics Branch incorporated the latest Bureau experience in water David G. Ehler Hydraulics Branch systems automation designs. The management team Henry To Falvey (retired) Hydraulics Branch created an author team consisting of five engi- David C. Rogers. Water Conveyance Branch neers-three from the Research Division and two Edward A. Serfozo Electrical Branch from the Design Division-to develop the nnanual. David Lo King. Facilities Engineering Branch All the engineers were active in the interdisciplinary Richard N.Walters .Publications & Records Branch CONTENTS Page Preface v 1 INTRODUCTION Section SCOPE OF THE MANUAL 1-1 General.OrganizationPurpose , 1 1-2 1 1-3 1 BA:SIC TERMINOLOGY 1-4 WaterConveyanceSystemsCanalCanaISystemControIMethodsMainFeaturesofaWaterConveyanceSystemc.d.a.b.a.b.Types SupervisorycontrolCombinedcontrolsystemsClassification.LocalLocalautamaticcontrol Automation. manual control. 2 1-5 2 3 4 1-6 4 1- 7 6 7 7 7 7 CANAL SYSTEMS, AUTOMATION FUN()Ar\11ENTALS 1-111-121-91-101-8 CanalPurposec.Automationa.b.SupplyandDemandVariationBasicOperationalRequirements ConceptCanal Operation and operationscontrol Applications.compatabilityBenefits. and concepts. Controlconcepts. Concept:5 8 9 9 9 9 11 12 12 CANAL CONTROL HISTORY 21-171-18 1-131-141-151-16 OPERATIONS SupervisoryControlHistorySummary.Bibliography.General.ContracturalArrangementsLocalAutomaticControlHistory 14 14 15 18 19 21 INTRODUCTION TO CANAL OPERATIONS 2-42-12-22-3 WaterCanalPrinciplesofOperationf.c.d.a.Definitionb.e. PredictionBalancedObjectives.ConventionaloperationSupplyanddemand Systems. TransferSchedule. pool versus Procedure. operation. reaction. 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 25 26 vii CC~NTENTS Conti n ued Section Page CANALHYDRAULICS 2-5 SteadyStorageUnsteadyFlowc.a.a.b. Steady,rapidlyvariedflowUnsteady,rapidlyvariedflo\l\lSteady,uniformflowSteady,graduallyvariedflo~vUnsteady,graduallyvariedflowUnsteady,uniformflowTypes. Flow. Considerations. Flow. 27 2-6 27 27 27 28 2-7 28 28 28 29 2-8 29 DELIVERY CONCEPTS 2-92-102-112-122-13 General.ScheduledDeliveryComparisonRotationDemandDelivery Delivery. and Combination o:f Delivery Concepts. 30 31 32 32 33 lVIETHODS OF OPERATION 2-142-152-182-162-17 PoolOperationAlternativesConstantDownstreamDepthConstantUpstreamDepthConstantControlledVolume Volume. 33 34 35 37 37 CHECK GATE OPERATION 2-192-202-212-22 SequentialOperatingTechniqueSelectedOperatingTechniqueCheckSimultaneousOperatingTechnique Structures. 38 40 42 46 CONSTRAINTS f. a. b. c. d. g. Wasting e. b. h. Storage. Physical Power Personnel. Bibliography. Check Drawdown Turnouts. Off-channel Poollength Freeboard. Pumping Drains. In-channel Closed Restrictions. Water. Properties. structures. conduits. plants. storage. storage. 46 46 47 47 48 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 2-25 52 2-26 54 2-27 54 2-28 55 3 CONTROL FUNDAMENTA.LS CONTROlTHEORY 3-1 CanalControlBasic Elements.Control.Classification. 57 3-2 57 3-3 57 VII CONTENTS Continued Section Page 3-4 ControlCanald.c.a.b. AntihuntMulticontrolloopsFiltersDeadband Controller Stability. Enhancements. 58 59 59 59 59 3-5
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Drainage Facility Public Works Surface Water Management Maintenance Guide May 2013
    9 Snohomish County Drainage Facility Public Works Surface Water Management Maintenance Guide May 2013 Snohomish County Public Works Surface Water Management Title VI and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Information It is Snohomish County’s policy to assure that no person shall on the grounds of race, color, national origin, or sex as provided by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be discriminated against under any County sponsored program or activity. For questions regarding Snohomish County Public Works’ Title VI Program, or for interpreter or translation services for non- English speakers, or otherwise making materials available in an alternate format, contact the Department Title VI Coordinator via e-mail at [email protected] or phone 425-388-6660. Hearing/speech impaired may call 711. Información sobre el Titulo VI y sobre la Ley de Americanos con Discapacidades (ADA por sus siglas en inglés) Es la política del Condado de Snohomish asegurar que ninguna persona sea excluida de participar, se le nieguen beneficios o se le discrimine de alguna otra manera en cualquier programa o actividad patrocinada por el Condado de Snohomish en razón de raza, color, país de origen o género, conforme al Título VI de la Enmienda a la Ley de Derechos Civiles de 1964. Comuníquese con el Department Title VI Coordinator (Coordinador del Título VI del Departamento) al correo electrónico [email protected], o al teléfono 425-388-6660 si tiene preguntas referentes al Snohomish County Public Works’ Title VI Program (Programa del Título VI de Obras Públicas del Condado de Snohomish), o para servicios de interpretación o traducción para los no angloparlantes, o para pedir que los materiales se hagan disponibles en un formato alternativo.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume V Runoff Treatment Bmps
    Snohomish County Drainage Manual Volume V Runoff Treatment BMPs September 2010 Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of this Volume .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Content and Organization of this Volume ..................................................................... 1 1.3 How to Use this Volume ................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Runoff Treatment Facilities ........................................................................................... 2 1.4.1 General Considerations ............................................................................................... 2 1.4.2 Maintenance ................................................................................................................ 2 1.4.3 Treatment Methods ..................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 - Treatment Facility Selection Process .......................................................... 4 Chapter 3 - Treatment Facility Menus ............................................................................ 5 Chapter 4 - General Requirements for Stormwater Facilities ...................................... 6 4.1 Design Volume and Flow .............................................................................................. 6 4.1.1
    [Show full text]
  • Stormwater Facility Maintenance Manual BG02.02 March 2019
    Stormwater Facility Maintenance Manual BG02.02 March 2019 Public Works Department Engineering Division 109 SW 1st Street, Suite #122 Battle Ground, WA 98604 Special thanks to: Please save paper by duplex printing. Several pages throughout this manual have been purposely left blank to facilitate duplex printing. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 CATCH BASIN .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 MANHOLE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13 DETENTION TANKS AND VAULTS .............................................................................................................................. 15 CONTROL STRUCTURE/FLOW RESTRICTOR ........................................................................................................... 17 TRASH SCREEN ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 ENERGY DISSIPATER .................................................................................................................................................. 21 BIOFILTRATION SWALE ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix D-2 Bioretention Area Design Example
    Appendix D-2 Bioretention Area Design Example Base Data Hydrologic Data Site Area = Total Drainage Area (A) = 3.0 ac Pre Post Impervious Area = 1.9 ac; or I = 1.9/3.0 = 63.3% CN 70 88 Soils Types: “C” tc .39 .20 Figure 1. Etowah Recreation Center Site Plan This example focuses on the design of a bioretention facility to meet the water quality treatment requirements of the site. Channel protection and overbank flood control are not addressed in this example other than quantification of preliminary storage volume and peak discharge requirements. It is assumed that the designer can refer to the previous pond example in order to extrapolate the necessary information to determine and design the required storage and outlet structures to meet these criteria. In general, the primary function of bioretention is to provide water quality treatment and not large storm attenuation. As such, flows in excess of the water quality volume are typically routed to bypass the facility or pass through the facility. Where quantity control is required, the bypassed flows can be routed to conventional detention basins (or some other facility such as underground storage vaults). Under some conditions, channel protection storage can be provided by bioretention facilities. Appendix D Columbia County Stormwater Management Design Manual D-2-1 Computation of Preliminary Stormwater Storage Volumes and Peak Discharges The layout of the Etowah Recreation Center is shown in Figure 1. Step 1 -- Compute runoff control volumes from the Unified Stormwater Sizing Criteria Compute Water Quality Volume, WQv Compute Runoff Coefficient, Rv Rv 0.05 (63.3)(0.009 ) 0.62 Compute WQv WQv (1.2" )(R v )(A) / 12 (1.2")(0.62)(3.0 ac)(43,560 ft2 / ac)(1 ft / 12 in) 8,102 ft3 Compute Stream Channel Protection Volume (Cpv): For stream channel protection, provide 24 hours of extended detention for the 1-year event.
    [Show full text]
  • Detention Structural Stormwater Controls
    SECTION 3.4 DETENTION STRUCTURAL STORMWATER CONTROLS 3.4.1 Dry Detention / Dry ED Basins ......................................3.4-2 3.4.2 Multi-Purpose Detention Areas ....................................3.4-7 3.4.3 Underground Detention ...............................................3.4-10 Chapter 3 Section 3.4 Columbia County Stormwater Management Design Manual 3.4-1 Detention 3.4.1 Dry Detention / Dry ED Basins Structural Stormwater Control Description: A surface storage basin or facility designed to provide water quantity control through detention and/or extended detention of stormwater runoff. REASONS FOR LIMITED USE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Controls for stormwater quantity only – not intended to SUITABILITY provide water quality treatment Water Quality Channel / Flood Protection KEY CONSIDERATIONS Applicable for drainage areas up to 75 acres SPECIAL APPLICATIONS Typically less costly than stormwater (wet) ponds for Pretreatment equivalent flood storage, as less excavation is required High Density / Ultra-Urban Used in conjunction with water quality structural control Provides recreational and other open space opportunities Other: between storm runoff events Residential Subdivision Use: Yes 3.4.1.1 General Description Dry detention and dry extended detention (ED) basins are surface facilities intended to provide for the temporary storage of stormwater runoff to reduce downstream water quantity impacts. These facilities temporarily detain stormwater runoff, releasing the flow over a period of time. They are designed to completely drain following a storm event and are normally dry between rain events. Dry detention basins are intended to provide overbank flood protection (peak flow reduction of the 50- year storm, Qp50) and can be designed to control the extreme flood (100-year, Qf) storm event.
    [Show full text]
  • Detention Tanks & Vaults
    STANDARD OPERATION MANUAL for Detention Tanks/Vaults Implemented: October 2018 Figure 1: Installation of a detention vault TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction and Purpose ................................................................................................ 1 2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 1 3. Overview ............................................................................................................................ 2 4. Facility Components ....................................................................................................... 10 5. Operational Plan................................................................................................................ 3 APPENDIX A Standard Operational Plan Drawings APPENDIX B Facility Component Details APPENDIX C Proprietary Manufacturer’s O&M Manual List of Figures Figure 1: Installation of a detention vault i Figure 2: Type S2 marker detail 3 Figure 3: Type S3 marker detail 3 Figure 4: Location of the facility field markers 4 Figure 5: Detention tank location 5 Figure 6: Additional back-up tank 6 Figure 7: Interior view of a flow control manhole showing the lower orifice 7 Figure 8: Interior view of a flow control manhole showing the upper orifice 7 Figure 9: Top view of access manhole 7 Figure 10: Interior view of access vault 7 Figure 11: Contech CMP Detention and Infiltration System 8 Figure 12: Contech Duromaxx Detention System 8 Figure 13: Corrugated
    [Show full text]
  • Flow Control
    SPOKANE REGIONAL STORMWATER MANUAL CHAPTER 7 – FLOW CONTROL Chapter Organization 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Applicability and Exemptions .......................................................................................... 7-1 7.2.1 Applicability ............................................................................................................ 7-1 7.2.2 Exemptions .............................................................................................................. 7-1 7.3 Detention Facilities .......................................................................................................... 7-2 7.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 7-2 7.3.2 Minimum Requirements .......................................................................................... 7-3 7.4 Outflow Control Structures .............................................................................................. 7-4 7.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 7-4 7.4.2 Outflow Control Structure Types............................................................................. 7-4 7.4.3 Minimum Requirements .......................................................................................... 7-8 7.5 Infiltration Facilities......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Stormwater Facility Maintenance Manual
    Stormwater Facility Maintenance Manual Public Works Department Surface and Stormwater Management This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 PURPOSE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM .............................................................................. 2 MAINTENANCE STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................................. 2 INSPECTION PROGRAM .................................................................................................................................................... 2 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE (O&M) PROGRAM ........................................................................................................... 2 STAFF TRAINING............................................................................................................................................................. 3 STORMWATER STRUCTURES ......................................................................................................... 4 CATCH BASINS
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E Detention Structural Controls
    Appendix E. Detention Structural Controls APPENDIX E DETENTION STRUCTURAL CONTROLS Appendix E –Detention Structural Controls Drainage Criteria Manual DSC-01: Dry Detention/Dry ED Basins 1.0 DRY DETENTION/DRY ED BASINS Description: A surface storage basin or facility designed to provide water quantity control through detention and/or extended detention of stormwater runoff. Stormwater Management Capability: Advantages/Benefits: Disadvantages/Limitations: • Reduction in peak rate of runoff • Provides peak flow • Does not provide water discharge attenuation quality treatment Land Use Considerations: Design Considerations: X Residential • Applicable for drainage areas up to 75 acres • Typically less costly than stormwater (wet) ponds for equivalent flood storage, as less excavation is required X Commercial • Used in conjunction with water quality structural controls • Recreational and other open space opportunities between storm X Industrial runoff events Maintenance: • Remove debris from basin surface to 1.1 minimize outlet clogging and improve aesthetics • Removed sediment buildup • Repair and revegetate eroded areas • Perform any needed structural repairs to inlet and outlets • Mow to limit unwanted vegetation Maintenance Burden H L = Low M = Moderate H = High Appendix E –Detention Structural Controls Drainage Criteria Manual E-1 DSC-01: Dry Detention/Dry ED Basins SECTION 1: DESCRIPTION Dry detention and dry extended detention (ED) basins are surface facilities intended to provide for the temporary storage of stormwater runoff to reduce downstream water quantity impacts. These facilities temporarily detain stormwater runoff, releasing the flow over a period of time. They are designed to completely drain following a storm event and are normally dry between rain events. Dry detention basins are intended to provide overbank flood protection (peak flow reduction of the 25-year storm, Qp25) and can be designed to control the extreme flood (100-year, Qf) storm event.
    [Show full text]
  • Improvement of Management Performance Efficiency of Irrigation by Application of Flow Control Systems at Irrigation Networks in West Java
    Improvement of Management Performance Efficiency of Irrigation by Application of Flow Control Systems at Irrigation Networks in West Java By: Suardi Natasaputra1, Edi Rustandi2, Dede Rohmat3, Yakub Siahaan4 Abstract Water use for irrigated agriculture is very high compare with other uses. In West Java Province, approximately around 20 billion m3 per year water is applied for irrigation, and only around 1.5 billion m3 per year is applied for domestic porposes. If irrigation efficiency can be improve 1% only, hence around 200 million m3 per year water could be saved and used for other porposes. This volume of water can fulfill demand for domestic of about 4.5 million people per year. This paper studies implementation concept of irrigation management through application of flow control systems technique, in other to improve water use efficiency either in level of farmer, network level, and even in the basin level. The objective of development is to support agriculture sector to reach the optimal food production. Management of irrigation must give service causing yields optimal production. Optimal service is obtained when network can serve system on-demand, which hydraulically needs flow control method type down-stream control. In the basin area, result of analysis shows that correct flow control systems as according to condition of field and hydrology can increase water use efficiency as a whole basin. Key Word: flow control system, upstream control, downstream control, efficiency, on-demand. 1 Member of ICID Jabar, Kabid Rekayasa Teknik Dinas PSDA Prop. Jabar, Dosen Luar Biasa ITB, email: [email protected] 2 Member of ICID Jabar, ICID Jabar, PT Tribuana Bandung, Hp: 081321166049.
    [Show full text]
  • Erosional Features of the Davidson Creek Drainage Basin Within Oxford, Mississippi and the University of Mississippi
    EROSIONAL FEATURES OF THE DAVIDSON CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN WITHIN OXFORD, MISSISSIPPI AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI By Charles T. Swann, R.P.G. Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute 220 Old Chemistry Building University, Mississippi Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute Open - File Report 07-01S February, 2007 EROSIONAL FEATURES OF THE DAVIDSON CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN WITHIN OXFORD, MISSISSIPPI AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI By Charles T. Swann, R.P.G. Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute 220 Old Chemistry Building University, Mississippi Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute Open - File Report 07-01S February, 2007 On The Cover: The photographs on the cover are from the Davidson Creek drainage basin. The upper photograph is the limestone-lined culvert beneath the railroad right-of-way adjacent to the Stone Park public swimming pool. The middle photograph is taken from just north of the Oxford Square on North Lamar Boulevard looking westward across the parking area toward the government complex. The lower photograph is a knickpoint on a tributary of Davidson Creek at the Phillips Road crossing. All photographs were taken early in 2006. Table of Contents List of Tables.................................................................v List of Figures ............................................................... vi Acknowledgments .............................................................1 Abstract .....................................................................2 Introduction ..................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Detention Ponds Detention Ponds Detention Ponds Detention Ponds
    CIVL 1112 Detention Ponds - Part 1 1/12 Detention Ponds Detention Ponds The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. below the surface of the Earth. Detention Ponds Detention Ponds Stormwater that does not soak into the ground Surface runoff is a very important becomes surface runoff, which either flows directly part of the hydrologic cycle. into surface waterways or is channeled into storm Stormwater is a term used to sewers, which eventually discharge to surface describe water that originates waters. during precipitation events. Detention Ponds Detention Ponds An early specific example of stormwater runoff Since humans began living in concentrated village system design is found in the archaeological or urban settings, stormwater runoff has presented recovery at Phaistos a place and BronzeAge itself as an issue. settlement on southern Crete Evidence of the early incorporation of stormwater engineering has been uncovered in ancient Greece. During this time considerable amounts of impervious surfaces emerged as a factor in the design of early human settlements. CIVL 1112 Detention Ponds - Part 1 2/12 Detention Ponds Detention Ponds A detention basin is an artificial flow control Detention basins are used to mitigate the effects of structure that is used to contain flood water for a storm water runoff by providing temporary storage limited period of a time. and control release to downstream areas. Detention Ponds Detention Ponds Detention basins are for short-term storage of storm water.
    [Show full text]