The network of Amazonian Important Areas (IBAs) previewed in this publication provides a simple but effective blueprint for conserving the region’s unique bio- diversity. Integration of this portfolio of key sites within national and regional development agendas is a rst step to ensuring the future of the Amazon and all that depend on it. 1. Introduction

Photo: Murray Cooper

The Amazon is the ultimate biodiversity-rich tropical highest rate for any tropical wilder- Wilderness Area, encompassing more than 6.918.202 ness area in the world. Logging remains the biggest million km² in nine South American countries. It com- threat, through clear-cutting and selective-extraction; prises 53% of the remaining global cover of tropical the area selectively logged is approximately equal to rainforest and accounts for approximately 10% of all the deforested area. Major deforestation drivers include net terrestrial primary production. Within its borders agricultural expansion policies, and a number of exist- ows the largest river system on Earth. ing and planned infrastructure development projects.

The Amazon is home to more of plants and ani- Although the Amazon bene ts from a number of con- mals than any other Wilderness Area (see Table 1), with servation initiatives, no single reserve is currently pro- perhaps 30% of the world’s species found there (Mit- tected to the extent required, and over the entire basin, termeier et al. 2002). Recent surveys indicate at least just 8.3% of the area receives some form of protection 40,000 species of plants (30,000 considered endemic), (Mittermeier et al. 2002). Conservation of the Amazon 1500 species of (263 endemics), 427 mammals requires a landscape-level approach. Such approaches (173 endemics), 387 reptiles (216 endemics) and 427 typically involve the identi cation and integration into amphibians (364 endemics). The Amazon is also home broader socio-political agendas of inter-connected net- to a wealth of indigenous cultures with about 350 works of core conservation areas, linked by cor- known tribes. As with the biodiversity they depend on, ridors, and protected by buffer zones. the future of many of these tribes is threatened (e.g. about one third of the 170 tribes in the Brazilian Ama- A fundamental challenge is to identify the sites which zon have populations of less than 200 people (Mitter- should form the core conservation areas. One clearly meier et al. 2002). demonstrated and cost-effective way to do so is through the identi cation of Important Bird Areas (IBAs). Bird- Threats to the Amazon are equal to its immense size. Life International’s IBA Program is designed to identify, In the Brazilian Amazon, deforestation has averaged protect and manage a network of sites of international 18,000 km² per year since 1998, and the total area importance for birds and biodiversity in general, and to deforested by 2003 was 648,500 km² or 16.2% of its compliment conservation approaches focused on spe- original cover (Costa K. et al. 2009). This represents the cies and .

1 2. Important Bird Areas: Approach and criteria

IBAs are key sites for the conservation of birds and other IBAs are identi ed through participatory processes that en- biodiversity, and comprise building blocks for conserva- gage local stakeholders (including government agencies, tion planning. They are identi ed nationally, by applying NGOs and local experts) and provide opportunities for all internationally agreed criteria, and using data gathered to contribute ideas, information and to learn about the pro- locally. The worldwide network of IBAs forms an essential cess. By such means, IBA identi cation provides a mecha- foundation for global nature conservation. nism to build solid foundations for effective conservation of IBAs through helping to develop technical and conser- To qualify as an IBA, a site must meet one or more of four vation capacity, build partnerships between key organi- Global IBA criteria that address the two primary issues of zations (both government and non-government) generate concern in site conservation: vulnerability and irreplace- broad ownership of the initial site inventory, and focus ability (see “Global IBA criteria” box 1). new survey work on the most important knowledge gaps.

Photo: Murray Cooper

Figure 1. Amazonian IBAs

2 3. Identifying IBAs in the Amazon

3.1. De nition of the Amazon tion regarding land tenure (compounded by the fact that in many areas formal land management structures do not For the purposes of this analysis, the limits of the Amazon exist). These present signi cant challenges for the iden- basin were de ned following the proposal of OTCA (Or- ti cation of IBAs. They were in part resolved through ganization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty) and the combining species data with maps of soil types, topog- European Comission in 2005: raphy, forest types, and logging concessions. In addition, socio-economic data were used to guide the delineation “The is de ned as the catchment area process, to avoid areas that are already heavily utilized conformed by the uvial network of the Amazon and or socio-politically complex, and to incorporate existing Tocantins river basins, extending through Bolivia, , protected areas into the IBA network. Importantly, it was , , and , from tributaries recognized that there is no theoretical maximum size for to the estuary of the (including salt water an IBA: what is sensible from a biological perspective ecosystems). This includes Amazonia sensu stricto, the must be balanced with what is practical for conservation.

area of the Amazon and Tocantins river basins, dominat- This has resulted in the identi cation of a number of very ed by the Amazonian Low Forest Biome (it also includes large IBAs, an approach which is consistent with existing smaller areas of other types of forest and non-forest veg- Amazonian protected areas. In many cases, where a site etation with its associated fauna); as well as the eastern has already been designated as an actual or proposed slopes of the from Bolivia in the south to Colom- protected area, the existing boundaries were accepted as bia in the north” (Eva & Huber. 2005), an altitudinal limit the boundaries of the IBA. Only in exceptional circum- of 700 m was also established. stances were they modi ed, for example if they excluded an area of particular importance. 3.2. IBA identi cation in the Amazon Basin The IBAs of the ve countries of the Tropical Andes (Bo- The Amazon basin, as with other Wilderness Areas, is livia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela) were characterized by large expanses of relatively homoge- rst identi ed in 2004. During 2008, information for neous habitat, a scarcity of biodiversity distribution data those IBAs lying within the Amazon basin was updated, (which when available is often biased towards access through nationally-led processes. The IBAs of Amazonian routes such as roads and rivers), and a lack of informa- Brazil, , and were iden- ti ed for the rst time during 2007-2008 through partici- patory national processes.

To date, 130 IBAs have been identi ed in the Amazon Region (Figure 1) covering a total area of 120,679,121 ha (17.24% of the total area); 7 in Ecuador, 10 in Colombia, 13 in Peru, 14 in Bolivia, 18 in Venezuela, 42 in Brazil, 9 in Suriname, 8 in Guyana and 9 in French Guiana. Of these IBAs, 96 have been con rmed under the globally

Global IBA Criteria: Box1

• Species of global conservation concern (CR, EN, VU and NT species on the IUCN Red List) The site regularly holds signi cant numbers of one or more globally threatened species or Near Threatened species (NT).

• Assemblage of restricted-range species (species restricted to EBAs with ranges of 50,000 km²) The site is known or thought to hold a signi cant component of the restricted-range species whose breeding distributions de ne an Endemic Bird Area.

• Assemblage of biome-restricted species The site is known or thought to hold a signi cant component of the group of species whose distributions are largely or wholly con ned to one biome.

• Congregations The site is known or thought to hold, on a regular basis, a globally signi cant concentration of one or more congregatory species.

Photo: Murray Cooper

3 threatened species criterion for a total of 101 threatened (mainly driven by monocultures) and raising, in- and Near Threatened species, 85 under the restricted- formal mining, illegal logging, the development of large range species criterion, 65 under the biome-restricted infrastructure projects such as those within IIRSA, market criterion and 14 under the congregatory species criterion. forces; changes in attitudes within the population, among others. Different factors have different effects and relative While great advances have been made in identifying IBAs importances in each country. in the Amazon basin, it is important to bear in mind that the current network of sites re ects our state of knowl- Deforestation continues to be driven by the same fac- edge and says nothing regarding the conservation impor- tors as in the 1990s, though since 2000 annual forest tance of surrounding areas not identi ed as IBAs. These clearing has shown an increasingly tight correlation should be considered, at a minimum, as priority areas for to commodity prices, especially soy and beef, which research, and potentially as priority areas for conservation have bene ted from the near eradication of foot-and- through a broad landscape-scale approach. mouth disease in cattle and agricultural innovation that has converted the region’s poor acidic soils into 3.3. Threats to Amazonian IBAs land suitable for extensive soy farms. As more Amazon land has come under agricultural cultivation, rising During 2008, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and prices for commodities have served as an impetus for Bolivia implemented a series of workshops to update forest clearing.

Photo: Murray Cooper

threats to Amazon IBAs in each country. Soybean cultivation in the Amazon has expanded rap- idly in recent years due to improved infrastructure in A total of 62 IBAs were evaluated by people living and/ the region and rising demand for vegetable oils for or working in the eld. Except for Brazil, these countries food, industrial uses, and biodfuel production. Since also carried out an internal analysis to identify threats in 1990 the area of land planted with soybeans in Ama- Amazonian IBAs. As a result of these two processes a total zonian states has expanded at the rate of 14.1% per of 104 IBAs (out of 132) were evaluated. year (16.8% annually since 2000) and now covers more than eight million hectares. While the Amazon’s Increasing environmental degradation is altering eco- largest soy crushers have had a ban on soy produced system services in the Amazon. The most frequent direct from newly deforested lands sine July 2006, soy is threats affecting Amazonian IBAs are: agricultural expan- nonetheless seen as an important indirect driver of sion and intensi cation; over-exploitation, persecution deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by driving up and control of species; and energy production and min- land prices and creating an impetus for infrastructure ing (Figure 2). improvements that promote forest clearing. In areas where soils and topography are suitable for mecha- In general terms, change in land use in the Amazon is nized soy cultivation, rainforest lands are typically the result of rapid and disorderly colonization over time, cleared for low-intensity cattle ranching then sold to which has changed Amazonian vegetation cover. Fac- soy producers some two to three years later. Ranchers tors underlying land use change include the dynamics then move into frontier areas, spurring deforestation of regional productivity, such as agricultural expansion (Butler. 2008).

On a historical basis the Amazon has proved to be resil- ient to climate change, large-scale human disturbance by pre-Colombian populations, and even periods of re and extreme drought during millennial El Niño-events (Bulter. 2008). Nevertheless, the present onslaught of forces affecting the Amazon is unprecedented. Never before has the region experienced the simultaneous impact of large-scale forest loss and degradation, frag- mentation, forest res, and climate change.

Scientists are working to understand the potential im- pact of climate change on Earth’s largest rainforest. Some models suggest parts of the Amazon will expe- rience elevated temperatures and less rainfall, while other regions will get more rain, but the debate is far from settled when it comes to predicting the sensitiv- ity and responsiveness of the region’s ecosystems to

elevated CO2 levels.

4 Bolivia

Photo: Oswaldo Maillar & Diana Rocabado

The Bolivian Amazon covers an area of ap- Figure 3. Amazonian IBAs in Bolivia proximately 326,400 km² in the east of the country, representing approximately 30% of the country’s area. Bolivia’s Amazon re- gion is a complex mosaic of different humid forest and savanna formations.

Changes in land-use pose the biggest threat to the region’s biodiversity, primarily through the clearance of large tracts of for- est for agriculture and human settlements. However, logging for timber and burning are also signi cant threats, with notable impacts on localized climates and habitat types, leading to an overall decrease in spe- cies richness.

A total of 14 IBAs have been identi ed in the Bolivian Amazon, covering an area of approximately 77,732 km² (or 34% of the total Bolivian IBA network). The majority of ecosystems and habitat types present in the region are represented within these IBAs.

This network of key sites holds populations of 29 bird species of conservation concern (13 globally threatened and 14 Near Threat- ened), three restricted-range species, and 83 species which are characteristic of Ama- zonian biomes. Eleven Amazonian species of conservation concern only trigger IBA criteria in Bolivia, of note are the Critically Endangered and endemic Blue-throated Macaw (Ara glaucogularis), present at three sites in the Llanos de Moxos and the Endan- gered White-winged Nightjar (Eleothreptus candicans) at Estación Biológica del Beni (BO038).

5 Brazil

Figure 4. Amazonian IBAs in Brazil Photo: Pedro Develey Photo: Pedro

The majority of the Amazon basin lies within Brazil ter the United States), mostly for livestock feed. As (some 2 million km²) covering seven of the 26 Bra- prices for soybeans rise, the soy farmers are push- zilian states. Although it covers over a third (39%) of ing northwards into forested areas of the Amazon. the country, it has less than 15 million inhabitants Also, sugar cane expansion for ethanol production (of the total Brazilian population of 165 million). may replace soybean production in south and cen- tral Brazil, pushing the soybean expansion to the The main threat to the Brazilian Amazon is defor- Amazon. estation driven by the expansion of the agricultural frontier, particularly in creating areas for livestock or In Brazil, 42 IBAs have been identi ed in the Ama- pastures. The annual rate of deforestation increased zon, 27 sites under the A1 criterion, including CR, consistently from 1990 to 2003 due to a mix of lo- EN, VU and NT species (21 globally threatened spe- cal, national, and international factors. Seventy per- cies and 23 near threatened species); 21 sites for as- cent of all formerly forested land in the Amazon, semblages of restricted range species (criterion A2); and 91% of land deforested since 1970 are used for one under A3, for biome-restricted species (this cri- livestock pasture. Furthermore, Brazil is currently terion has not yet been applied in Brazil), and four the second-largest global producer of soybeans (af- for congregatory species (A4 criteria).

6 Colombia

Photo: Francisco Nieto. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt

The Colombian Amazon is located in the Figure 5. Amazonian IBAs in Colombia South of the country, covering six prov- inces as well as the Serranía de la Ma- carena in Meta. The region covers an area of 419,346 km², representing 36% of the country’s area and 5.5% of the total Amazon basin.

A total of 988 bird species have been re- corded from the Colombian Amazon, more than 75% of the total number of species re- ported for the entire Amazon basin (Mejia et al. 2007).

A total of 69 trigger species are represented in the 10 IBAs identi ed in the Colombian Am- azon, of which 13 are of global conservation concern, tree of them Globally Theatened and 10 of them Near Threatened. One such species is Wattled Curassow or pyuria (Crax globulosa) which is suffering a rapid popula- tion decline due to hunting and habitat loss. This is found in the IBAs Isla Mirití and Isla Mocagua y Zaragocilla, representing two of the best opportunities to conserve the species regionally, thanks to in- tact habitats, healthy populations and good local awareness through community work undertaken by various organizations.

The Colombian Amazon is also critical to the conservation of restricted-range birds and in particular those of two Endemic Bird Areas: -Negro White sand forest (EBA 065) and the Upper Amazon Napo lowlands (EBA 66). Two secondary areas of endemism are also of note: the Sierra de Chiribiquete and Macarena Mountains.

7 Ecuador

Figure 6. Amazonian IBAs in Ecuador Photo: Murray Cooper Photo: Murray

The Ecuadorian Amazon covers 131,000 km2, 45% of most of the ecosystems within the region. Although the country’s area but just 1.7% of the overall Ama- these IBAs only correspond to 7% of the country’s zon basin, made up of the upper basins of the Napo, total number of sites, they represent almost 43% of Tigre and Pastaza rivers. the total IBA area, and covering almost a third of the country’s Amazon region. Together, they maintain The greatest threat faced by the region is deforesta- populations of 16 bird species of conservation con- tion driven by the expansion of the agricultural fron- cern, four of them globally threatened and 12 Near tier, a process which started in the 1970s, and is now Threatened. The Near Threatened species include the believed to clear 1000 to 3000 km² annually. Addi- endemic Cocha Antshrike ( praecox) tionally, activities such as exploration for oil and log- and the near endemic Foothill Elaenia (Myiopagis ging have increased in the last 20 years. olallai), both triggering IBA criteria at just two sites. Seven sites have also been identi ed for the presence Seven IBAs have been identi ed in the Ecuadorian of restricted-range species and ve sites for biome- Amazon, covering 39,096 km² and representing restricted species.

8 French Guiana

Photo: Michel Giraud-Audine

The Amazon of French Guiana cover Figure 7. Amazonian IBAs in French Guiana more than 8 million ha, representing 92% of this French overseas départment. Nearly 90% of this area is still intact, making it one of the largest tracts of pristine rainforest in the world. Tropical rainforest and associ- ated ecosystems include terra rme forests, plains, rivers, cambrouses or dense grass ecosystems and inselbergs.

Although large scale deforestation has not taken place in French Guiana (due to the in- accessibility of much of its area), logging and gold mining have seriously degraded forests in some areas.

Apart from three coastal sites, the remaining nine IBAs lie within French Guiana’s Ama- zon region, covering an area of approxi- mately 4 million ha. Several ecosystems and habitat types present in the region are repre- sented within these IBAs.

There are only three species of global con- servation concern covered by the IBA net- work, all of them Near Threatened. These are Blue-cheeked Amazon (Amazona du- fresniana), Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) and Crested Eagle (Morphnus guianensis). Also, six sites have been identi ed for biome-re- stricted species, under criterion A3, includ- ing the Parc Amazonien de Guyane & Saül IBA (GF011), holding 43 of the 45 bi- ome-restricted species in French Guiana.

9 Guyana

Photo: Rick Wright

Figure 8. Amazonian IBAs in Guyana Of Guyana’s total area of 215,000 km², over 75% (or 16.1 million ha) is covered by Ama- zonian forests making it one of the countries with most intact forest in the region. Guyana is also the largest of the three Guianas, with the biggest population and highest popula- tion density.

Since colonial times, the main cause of for- est loss in Guyana has been the creation and expansion of coffee and cotton plantations, and later, sugar. More recently, Guyanese forests are facing other threats such as min- ing and logging.

A total of ten IBAs have been identi ed in Guyana, of which eight are within the Guya- nese Amazon, covering an area of at least 350,000 ha. However, three sites are yet to be delimited and are not included in this es- timate. Furthermore, as the Guyanese IBA process is still ongoing, it is expected that more sites will added shortly.

A total of 265 species have been recorded at this network of key sites to date, of which three are globally threatened and trigger IBA criteria. A further four Near Threatened spe- cies trigger IBA criteria at ve sites. Two IBAs have been identi ed for restricted-range spe- cies, but the A3 criterion is yet to be applied.

10 Peru

Photo: Murray Cooper

The Peruvian Amazon is one of the most Figure 9. Amazonian IBAs in Peru biodiverse regions within the Amazon Ba- sin, in part a result of the extensive transi- tion area between Amazonian and Andean forests. The entire area is very humid, with annual precipitation of 2000 mm or above (and locally reaching 5000 mm at the base of the Andes). The 500,000 km² of the Peru- vian Amazon (almost 40% of the country’s total area) is divided into a complex mosaic of indigenous lands, forest concessions and private properties.

A network of 14 IBAs (12% of the total num- ber in the country) has been identi ed in the Peruvian Amazon, covering 138,798 km². The principal threat to these sites is habitat loss due to agricultural expansion, driven by the migration of people from the Andes. However, mining and oil extraction are also major threats. These 14 key sites hold popu- lations of over 57 species of global conserva- tion concern, 6 Endangered, 18 Vulnerable and 30 Near Threatened. Of these, 14 are endemic to Peru, including the Endangered Yellow-browed Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus huallagae), Golden-backed Mountain-tan- ager (Buthraupis aureodorsalis) and Plain- tailed Warbling- nch (Poospiza alticola). Thirteen sites have also been identi ed for the presence of restricted-range species and nine for the presence of biome-restricted species.

11 Suriname

Figure 10. Amazonian IBAs in Suriname Photo: Otte H Ottema

Suriname forms part of the Guianan Shield in the destruction of large tracts of forest. northeast of the Amazon basin. The Amazon region covers 142,800 km2, representing over 80% of the Nine IBAs have been identi ed within the Surinam- country. This region is mainly covered by tropical for- ese Amazon, covering an area of 43,090 km² and with est, although important savanna habitats are also found good representation of Amazon ecosystems. Six spe- inland, as well as slightly higher altitude “mountain” cies of conservation concern trigger IBA criteria over or “moss” forests. Much of this area remains to be ex- this network of sites, ve of which are Near Threatened plored ornithologically, but, to date 727 species have and Sun Parakeet (Aratinga Solstitialis) is Endangered. been recorded in the Amazon Region. Sipaliwini Natuurreservaat (SR013) in Suriname is only one of two sites where this species triggers IBA crite- Although most of the forests in Suriname are undis- ria. Three sites have been identi ed for the presence of turbed due to the low human population density, the restricted-range species and nine for the presence of main threat facing the Amazon region in this country biome-restricted species. is deforestation caused by gold mining and timber ex- ploitation. Bauxite mining is also responsible for the

12 Venezuela

Figure 11. Amazonian IBAs in Venezuela Photo: David Southall Photo: David

The Venezuelan Amazon covers an area of 230,000 km² region (18 sites), covering an area of 151,419 km², rep- in the states of Amazonas and Bolivar, representing resenting over 70% of the total IBA are in the country. 36% of the country’s terrestrial area, and 2.5% of The majority of the region’s ecosystems are covered the total Amazon basin. Nineteen indigenous groups by Amazonian IBAs. This network of key sites holds live in the Venezuelan Amazon, including the Hiwi, populations of nine bird species of conservation con- Wotuhjeje, Puinave, Piakoko, Baniba, Warekena, cern, two of them globally threatened and seven Near Kuripako, Yeral, Bare, Yanomami, Sanem, Ninam, Threatened species. Endemic species triggering IBA Pemón and Kapon. criteria in the Amazon region include the Critically Endangered Carrizal Seedeater (Amaurospiza carriza- Expansion of the agricultural frontier represents the lensis), the Vulnerable Orinoco Softtail (Thripophaga biggest threat to the Venezuelan Amazon. However, cherriei) and the Near Threatened Saffron-breasted almost all of the Amazonian IBAs are fully protected Redstart (Myioborus cardonai) and Duida Grass- nch under national protection categories. (Emberizoides duidae). Fifteen sites were identi ed for restricted-range species and 16 for biome-restrict- A quarter of Venezuela’s IBAs lie within the Amazon ed species.

13 5. Setting priorities

By de nition, all IBAs are priorities for conservation. in turn for each IBA category (threatened species, However, it is clear that action is needed more ur- restricted-range species, biome-restricted species gently for some than for others. Since the resources and congregations) based on the species popula- to take action are always limited, it is essential to tions it holds. These scores were then combined to work out where interventions should be targeted give a single, overall importance ranking. This allows rst. This does not imply that any IBAs are dispens- the different ‘currencies’ of the IBA categories to be able, but provides a rational way of minimising bio- combined into one measure. The scoring assumes diversity loss. that more trigger species (species which “trigger” the application of the IBA criteria), higher species threat Setting priorities for action is not straightforward. status and/or larger congregations equate to greater Many interacting factors are involved, and how importance.

Photo: Murray Cooper

these are balanced is often a matter of values as 5.2. Assessing threats much as of objective science. A priority-setting ex- ercise may have no ‘right’ answers, but one way to Threats to IBAs were assessed using a standardized think about how to set priorities is to consider the threat classi cation (IUCN 2006) scoring with regard potential impact on biodiversity if no effective inter- to their likely impacts on the bird species of concern, vention is made at a site. Simply put, this depends looking at timing (occurrence), scope (geographic ex- on the relative biodiversity importance of a site and tent) and severity. The single highest score from among the degree of threat, or vulnerability. Where a site all the different threats assessed at a site was taken to has high importance and high threat, it represents a be the overall threat score for that IBA. potential large loss of biodiversity in the near future. Intervention at such a site is more urgent than at a Each national partner organization held a series of site with lower importance and/or lower threat. workshops with local people and/or researchers from NGOs and government to obtain rst hand information For IBAs in the Amazon basin, priorities have been about the threats at IBAs. The threat and importance set by combining a measure of threat with a measure scores were then combined allowing IBAs to be catego- of biological importance. As these are priorities for rized by priority for action (urgent, high and critical). action, the urgency and scale of action are primarily determined by threat. 5.3. National priority IBAs

5.1. Biological importance The national priority-setting processes have identi ed a total of 8 IBAs as Critical for action, 33 IBAs as Urgent The biological importance of each IBA was assessed priorities for action, and 54 IBAs as High priorities for in terms of the IBA criteria met. Each IBA was ranked action (see Table 1).

Table 2. Priority Amazonian IBAs.

14 Photo: Murray Cooper

15 5.4. Assessing threats at the regional level arrow indicates the approximate direction of the defor- estation, the width its magnitude, and the length its geo- Threats across the Amazon basin were assessed through graphic extent. a multi-temporal analysis of satellite imagery covering the period 2000-2009, using products from the Brazilian Land use change was assessed within 43 IBAs, primar- PRODES project as a baseline (http://www.obt.inpe.br/ ily within Brazil. Among those IBAs most affected by prodes). The analysis was conducted by Guyra Paraguay’s deforestation during the period were Baixada Maran- remote sensing laboratory, and covered a total area of hense (BR032) with 783,239 ha deforested (38.5% of its 6,918,203 km² (southeastern Brazil and parts of Colom- area), Reentrâncias Maranhenses/Paraenses (BR030) with bia, and Venezuela were excluded due to a 330,073 ha cleared (29% of its area), Gurupi (BR031) with lack of cloud-free imagery). 231,779 ha cleared (16.6% of its area) and Río Capim (BR013) with 245,399 ha cleared (11.4% of its area). During the study period there was a marked increase in the area cleared for agriculture, from 543,121 km² (7.9% The deforestation maps were used to identify fourteen of the study area) in 2000 to 697,636 km² (10% of the subregions within the Amazon basin ranked in terms of area) in 2009 (Fig. 11). the actual and expected future degree of threats to the IBAs. The four most threatened subregions were all found An assessment of the principal land cover changes to lie in the southern Amazon, with the next two along between 2000 and 2009 identi ed 20 deforestation the lower reaches of the Amazon River (Fig. 13).

Photo: Murray Cooper

“fronts”, as illustrated in Fig 12. These clearly show the A total of 2,909,372.73 ha of forest have been deforest- expansion of agricultural into the Amazon basin from ed in the Brazilian Amazon IBAs, which corresponds to the south and along “bi-oceanic” routes cutting across 4.7% of total IBAs analyzed (Table 3). the basin from East to West. The Amazon River is also an important axis for deforestation (as illustrated by arrow 8 in Fig. 13).

The arrows show the main deforestation fronts detected in the Amazon during 2000-2009. The direction of each

Figure 12. Deforestation in the Amazon basin 2000-2009

16 Figure 13. Deforestation fronts in the Amazon Basin

Figure 14. Subregions of the Amazon ranked by threat level

17 Figure 15. Reentrâncias Maranhenses/Paraenses (BR030)

Figure 16. Gurupi (BR031)

18 Figure 17. Río Capim (BR 013) Photo: Murray Cooper Photo: Murray

5.5. Regional priority IBAs IIRSA is implemented through 10 regions for integra- tion and development. Four of these regions fall with- Within each subregion of the Amazon, information on in the Amazon basin: the threat level of each IBA (derived from the deforesta- tion maps) was crossed with information on biological • Andean region (Bolivia-Colombia-Ecuador-Peru- importance (gathered through national participatory Venezuela) processes) to identify the highest priority IBAs for con- • Amazon region (Brazil-Colombia-Ecuador-Peru) servation action within the Amazon basin. • Guianas region (Brazil-Guyana-Suriname-Venezuela) • Peru-Brazil-Bolivia region 5.6. Amazon IBAs and IIRSA Within each region, transport and/or communica- The Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastruc- tions infrastructure will be built, linking countries and ture in (IIRSA) was established at the industries and representing a total investment of ap- First Meeting of South American Presidents in Brasilia proximately US $69 billion. Already, many projects in 2000. The initiative aims to develop transport, en- have been completed or are underway, often nanced ergy and telecommunications infrastructure in order through novel schemes, whereby construction is li- to achieve greater integration between the 12 South censed to private rms, with national governments American countries. acting as guarantors to multilateral banks who nance IIRSA’s objectives are to: the projects.

• Develop and modernize transport, energy and tele- An overlay of Amazon IBAs with planned communications infrastructure in an integral man- and existing IIRSA projects as of ner in South America. 2009 suggests that 43 IBAs • Improve competitiveness of South American econ- omies as well as their insertion into international markets. • Promote fair and sustainable economic and social development in South American countries. Photo: Murray Cooper

19 will be affected by infrastructure developments: eight The social and environmental impacts of these projects in Bolivia, 14 in Brazil, three in Colombia, four in Ec- are likely to be substantial and it is critical that steps be uador, eight in Peru, three in Suriname and three in taken to minimize negative effects and maximize the Venezuela (Fig. 18). bene ts from these large-scale infrastructure projects.

Figure 18. IBAs likely to be affected by IIRSA infrastructure projects

5.6.1. Key actions to minimize impacts of in- • Ensure that all viable alternatives to infrastructural fraestructure development in IBAs. projects within IBAs have been evaluated, and that the least environmentally and socially damaging option • Adopt IBAs as a tool to guide the assessment of po- has been chosen. tential impacts and the implementation of donor safe- guard policies. • Ensure that all projects which negatively impact IBAs include appropriate and suf cient mitigation measures. • Use IBAs to ensure increased consistency and trans- parency of donor safeguard policies, assist with their • Develop environmental impact models and provide standardization and compatibility, and generate greater information on the likely impacts of projects in a for- coherence in their application. Ensure compliance with mat that facilitates decision-making by local and re- environmental safeguards through the completion of envi- gional governments as well as nancing organizations. ronmental impact assessments and strategic environmen- Information provided by the Corporación Andina de tal assessments prior to the initiation of project activities. Fomento (CAF).

20 Bolivia Bajo Río Beni, Región Tacana BO003 485245 Crax globulosa Wattled Curassow VU x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Cercanías de Riberalta BO022 49736 Euscarthmus rufomarginatus Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant NT x auricularis Masked VU x x Cerrado de Riberalta BO027 55092 Euscarthmus rufomarginatus Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant NT x Estación Biológica del Beni BO038 135211 Eleothreptus candicans White-winged Nightjar EN x x Laterallus xenopterus Rufous-faced Crake VU x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Rhea americana Greater Rhea NT x Saltator atricollis Black-throated Saltator - x Sporophila ru collis Dark-throated Seedeater NT x Thryothorus guarayanus Fawn-breasted - x Este de Río Mamoré BO050 766232 Alectrurus tricolor Cock-tailed Tyrant VU x Ara glaucogularis Blue-throated Macaw CR x x Culicivora caudacuta Sharp-tailed Tyrant VU x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Rhea americana Greater Rhea NT x Sporophila ru collis Dark-throated Seedeater NT x Federico Román BO029 173672 Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Antshrike - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Galbula cyanicollis Blue-necked Jacamar - x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated - x Heterocercus linteatus Flame-crested Manakin - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x rufa Rufous-necked - x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x sclateri Fulvous-chinned Nunlet - x philippii Needle-billed - x aurifrons Bar-breasted - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied - x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested - x Pyrrhura rupicola Black-capped Parakeet - x Lagunas Rogaguado y Ginebra BO036 341720 Alipiopsitta xanthops Yellow-faced Amazon NT x x cristatellus Curl-crested - x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Rhea americana Greater Rhea NT x Loreto BO037 512646 Alectrurus tricolor Cock-tailed Tyrant VU x x Ara glaucogularis Blue-throated Macaw CR x x Coryphaspiza melanotis Black-masked VU x Culicivora caudacuta Sharp-tailed Tyrant VU x Gubernetes yetapa Streamer-tailed Tyrant - x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Rhea americana Greater Rhea NT x Sporophila hypochroma Rufous-rumped Seedeater NT x x Sporophila ru collis Dark-throated Seedeater NT x Thryothorus guarayanus Fawn-breasted Wren - x Noel Kempff Mercado BO020 2251080 Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Hyacinth Macaw EN x Antilophia galeata Helmeted Manakin - x Capito dayi Black-girdled Barbet - x Charitospiza eucosma Coal-crested Finch NT x x Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Culicivora caudacuta Sharp-tailed Tyrant VU x Cyanocorax cristatellus Curl-crested Jay - x Cypsnagra hirundinacea White-rumped Tanager - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Euscarthmus rufomarginatus Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant NT x Geositta poeciloptera Campo Miner VU x x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Hemitriccus minimus Zimmer’s Tody-tyrant - x longirostris Large-billed Antwren - x Heterocercus linteatus Flame-crested Manakin - x Hylexetastes uniformis Uniform - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x

21 Bolivia Noel Kempff Mercado BO020 2251080 Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lepidothrix nattereri Snow-capped Manakin - x Leucopternis kuhli White-browed - x Malacoptila rufa Rufous-necked Puffbird - x Melanopareia torquata Collared Crescent-chest - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x Neothraupis fasciata White-banded Tanager NT x x Odontorchilus cinereus Tooth-billed Wren - x Phaethornis nattereri Cinnamon-throated Hermit - x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Picumnus fuscus Rusty-necked Piculet NT x x x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Porphyrospiza caerulescens Blue Finch NT x x Pteroglossus bitorquatus Red-necked Aracari - x Pyrrhura perlata Crimson-bellied Parakeet - x Rhea americana Greater Rhea NT x Saltator atricollis Black-throated Saltator - x gouldii Gould’s Toucanet - x Sporophila hypochroma Rufous-rumped Seedeater NT x x Sporophila nigrorufa Black-and-tawny Seedeater VU x x x Thryothorus guarayanus Fawn-breasted Wren - x Oeste de Río Mamoré BO049 1103018 Alectrurus tricolor Cock-tailed Tyrant VU x Ara glaucogularis Blue-throated Macaw CR x x x Celeus lugubris Pale-crested - x Culicivora caudacuta Sharp-tailed Tyrant VU x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Rhea americana Greater Rhea NT x Sporophila ru collis Dark-throated Seedeater NT x Reserva de Inmovilización BO040 910164 Alectrurus tricolor Cock-tailed Tyrant VU x Iténez Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Harpyhaliaetus coronatus Crowned Eagle EN x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lepidothrix nattereri Snow-capped Manakin - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x Psophia viridis Dark-winged Trumpeter - x Rhea americana Greater Rhea NT x Reserva Forestal Alto Paraguá BO024 517402 Harpyhaliaetus coronatus Crowned Eagle EN x Sporophila nigrorufa Black-and-tawny Seedeater VU x x Reserva Nacional Amazónica BO041 765599 Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar - x Manuripi Heath Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Bamboo Antshrike - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus Chestnut Jacamar - x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lophotriccus eulophotes Long-crested Pygmy-tyrant - x x Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird - x x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Pyrrhura rupicola Black-capped Parakeet - x

22 Bolivia Reserva Nacional Amazónica BO041 765599 Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian NT x x Manuripi Heath Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Tahuamanu BO044 223790 Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Bamboo Antshrike - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Formicarius ru frons Rufous-fronted Antthrush NT x x x Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus Chestnut Jacamar - x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk - x Lophotriccus eulophotes Long-crested Pygmy-tyrant - x x Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x x Myrmotherula iheringi Ihering’s Antwren - x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Nonnula sclateri Fulvous-chinned Nunlet - x Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird - x x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Pyrrhura rupicola Black-capped Parakeet - x Simoxenops ucayalae NT x x Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Brazil Abunã BR087 79289 Poecilotriccus senex Buff-cheeked Tody- ycatcher - x Alto Sucunduri BR027 4629900 atrogularis Rondonia Bushbird VU x x aurantiocephala Bald Parrot NT x Arquipélago de Anavilhanas BR024 197812 Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Myrmotherula klagesi Klages’s Antwren NT x x Baixada Maranhense BR032 2045444 Calidris canutus Red Knot - x Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper - x Species group - waterbirds A4iii - x Baixo Rio Javari BR026 77158 Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Heterocercus aurantiivertex Orange-crested Manakin - x Heterocercus linteatus Flame-crested Manakin - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Leucippus chlorocercus Olive-spotted - x Myrmoborus melanurus Black-tailed Antbird NT x x x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Tachyphonus ru venter Yellow-crested Tanager - x Thamnomanes saturninus Saturnine Antshrike - x Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Thryothorus griseus Grey Wren - x Baixo Rio Xingu BR014 622266 Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Hyacinth Macaw EN x Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Penelope pileata White-crested Guan NT x Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill NT x Synallaxis cherriei Chestnut-throated Spinetail NT x Campinas e Várzeas do Rio BR004 3859627 Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Branco Cercomacra carbonaria Rio Branco Antbird NT x x x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x x Cyanocorax cayanus Jay - x Dolospingus fringilloides White-naped Seedeater - x x plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x

23 Brazil Campinas e Várzeas do Rio BR004 3859627 Hemitriccus inornatus Pelzeln’s Tody-tyrant - x x Branco Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren - x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmeciza disjuncta Yapacana Antbird - x x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula klagesi Klages’s Antwren NT x x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed Becard - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis - x Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Blackish-grey Antshrike - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Campo do Alto Marmelos BR029 451017 Euscarthmus rufomarginatus Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant NT x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Campos de Humaitá-Lábrea BR028 2724632 Coryphaspiza melanotis Black-masked Finch VU x Culicivora caudacuta Sharp-tailed Tyrant VU x Caxiuanã / Portel BR012 3422612 Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Penelope pileata White-crested Guan NT x Pyrrhura lepida Pearly Parakeet NT x Cristalino / Serra do Cachimbo BR019 1123562 Amazona kawalli Kawall’s Amazon - x Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Hyacinth Macaw EN x Capito dayi Black-girdled Barbet - x Cercomacra manu Manu Antbird - x melanogaster Black-bellied - x Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Galbula cyanicollis Blue-necked Jacamar - x Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Harpyhaliaetus coronatus Crowned Eagle EN x Hemitriccus minimus Zimmer’s Tody-tyrant - x Heterocercus linteatus Flame-crested Manakin - x Hylexetastes uniformis Uniform Woodcreeper - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lepidothrix nattereri Snow-capped Manakin - x Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk - x Malacoptila rufa Rufous-necked Puffbird - x Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Odontorchilus cinereus Tooth-billed Wren - x Penelope pileata White-crested Guan NT x x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Pipile cujubi Red-throated Piping-guan - x Primolius maracana Blue-winged Macaw NT x Psophia viridis Dark-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Pteroglossus bitorquatus Red-necked Aracari - x Pyrilia aurantiocephala Bald Parrot NT x x Pyrilia vulturina - x Pyrrhura perlata Crimson-bellied Parakeet - x Rhegmatorhina gymnops Bare-eyed Antbird - x Selenidera gouldii Gould’s Toucanet - x Synallaxis cabanisi Cabanis’s Spinetail - x Thamnomanes saturninus Saturnine Antshrike - x Thamnophilus stictocephalus Natterer’s Slaty-antshrike - x Goiabal / Piratuba BR007 968625 Buteogallus aequinoctialis Rufous Crab-hawk - x

24 Brazil Goiabal / Piratuba BR007 968625 Calidris alba Sanderling - x Gurupi BR031 1392974 Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x Ilha de Marajó BR009 3910144 Coryphaspiza melanotis Black-masked Finch VU x Cranioleuca muelleri Scaled Spinetail - x Primolius maracana Blue-winged Macaw NT x Jamanxim / Altamira BR016 1541628 Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Hyacinth Macaw EN x Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x Jamari BR086 792165 Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x Ji-Paraná / Roosevelt BR075 1112493 Amazona kawalli Kawall’s Amazon - x Capito dayi Black-girdled Barbet - x Clytoctantes atrogularis Rondonia Bushbird VU x x x Conopophaga melanogaster Black-bellied Gnateater - x Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Bamboo Antshrike - x Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi Hoffmanns’s Woodcreeper - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Galbula cyanicollis Blue-necked Jacamar - x Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x x Hemitriccus minimus Zimmer’s Tody-tyrant - x Heterocercus linteatus Flame-crested Manakin - x Hylexetastes uniformis Uniform Woodcreeper - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lepidothrix nattereri Snow-capped Manakin - x Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk - x Malacoptila rufa Rufous-necked Puffbird - x Myrmotherula iheringi Ihering’s Antwren - x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Odontorchilus cinereus Tooth-billed Wren - x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Pipile cujubi Red-throated Piping-guan - x Poecilotriccus senex Buff-cheeked Tody- ycatcher - x x Psophia viridis Dark-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus bitorquatus Red-necked Aracari - x Pyrilia aurantiocephala Bald Parrot NT x x Pyrrhura perlata Crimson-bellied Parakeet - x Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi White-breasted Antbird - x Selenidera gouldii Gould’s Toucanet - x Skutchia borbae Pale-faced Antbrid - x Thamnomanes saturninus Saturnine Antshrike - x Thamnophilus stictocephalus Natterer’s Slaty-antshrike - x Lavrados de BR003 1477273 Cercomacra carbonaria Rio Branco Antbird NT x x Synallaxis kollari Hoary-throated Spinetail EN x x Mamirauá BR023 1124000 Crax globulosa Wattled Curassow VU x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Leucippus chlorocercus Olive-spotted Hummingbird - x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Mata do Estado BR063 600 Curaeus forbesi Forbes’s Blackbird EN x x Myrmeciza ru cauda Scalloped Antbird EN x x Myrmotherula snowi Alagoas Antwren CR x x Phylloscartes ceciliae Alagoas Tyrannulet EN x x Picumnus fulvescens Tawny Piculet NT x x Synallaxis infuscata Pinto’s Spinetail EN x x Tangara fastuosa Seven-coloured Tanager VU x x Terenura sicki Orange-bellied Antwren EN x x Thalurania watertonii Long-tailed Woodnymph NT x Matas Ciliares do Rio do Coco BR051 138721 Alipiopsitta xanthops Yellow-faced Amazon NT x x e A uentes Antilophia galeata Helmeted Manakin - x Celeus obrieni Caatinga Woodpecker CR x x Cercomacra ferdinandi Bananal Antbird VU x x x Compsothraupis loricata Scarlet-throated Tanager - x Cypsnagra hirundinacea White-rumped Tanager - x Harpyhaliaetus coronatus Crowned Eagle EN x Herpsilochmus longirostris Large-billed Antwren - x Melanopareia torquata Collared Crescent-chest - x Paroaria baeri Crimson-fronted Cardinal - x Penelope ochrogaster Chestnut-bellied Guan VU x x

25 Brazil Matas Ciliares do Rio do Coco BR051 138721 Phaethornis nattereri Cinnamon-throated Hermit - x e A uentes Rhea americana Greater Rhea NT x Saltator atricollis Black-throated Saltator - x Novo Progresso BR018 2621296 Amazona kawalli Kawall’s Amazon - x Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Hyacinth Macaw EN x Capito dayi Black-girdled Barbet - x Galbula cyanicollis Blue-necked Jacamar - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lepidothrix vilasboasi Golden-crowned Manakin VU x x x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Pteroglossus bitorquatus Red-necked Aracari - x Pyrrhura perlata Crimson-bellied Parakeet - x Selenidera gouldii Gould’s Toucanet - x Parque Estadual do Cantão BR050 90017 Cercomacra ferdinandi Bananal Antbird VU x x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Penelope ochrogaster Chestnut-bellied Guan VU x Parque Nacional da Amazônia BR015 1161379 Capito brunneipectus Brown-chested Barbet - x Conopophaga melanogaster Black-bellied Gnateater - x Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi Hoffmanns’s Woodcreeper - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Galbula cyanicollis Blue-necked Jacamar - x Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus minimus Zimmer’s Tody-tyrant - x Heterocercus linteatus Flame-crested Manakin - x Hylexetastes uniformis Uniform Woodcreeper - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lepidothrix nattereri Snow-capped Manakin - x Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk - x Malacoptila rufa Rufous-necked Puffbird - x Myrmotherula iheringi Ihering’s Antwren - x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Penelope pileata White-crested Guan NT x x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pipile cujubi Red-throated Piping-guan - x Psophia viridis Dark-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus bitorquatus Red-necked Aracari - x Pyrilia vulturina Vulturine Parrot - x Rhegmatorhina berlepschi Harlequin Antbird - x Skutchia borbae Pale-faced Antbrid - x Thamnomanes saturninus Saturnine Antshrike - x Xipholena lamellipennis White-tailed - x Parque Nacional da Serra do BR060 840955 Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar - x Divisor Cercomacra manu Manu Antbird - x Conioptilon mcilhennyi Black-faced Cotinga - x x Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Eubucco tucinkae Scarlet-hooded Barbet - x x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lophotriccus eulophotes Long-crested Pygmy-tyrant - x x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x dachilleae Amazonian NT x x Nonnula sclateri Fulvous-chinned Nunlet - x Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird - x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x

26 Brazil Parque Nacional da Serra do BR060 840955 Pteroglossus azara Ivory-billed Aracari - x Divisor Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Tachyphonus ru venter Yellow-crested Tanager - x Thamnomanes saturninus Saturnine Antshrike - x Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Thamnophilus divisorius Acre Antshrike - x Parque Nacional do Cabo Orange BR005 410424 Buteogallus aequinoctialis Rufous Crab-hawk - x Parque Nacional do Jaú BR021 2377889 Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x x Dolospingus fringilloides White-naped Seedeater - x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren - x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Myrmeciza disjuncta Yapacana Antbird - x x Myrmotherula ambigua Yellow-throated Antwren - x x Myrmotherula klagesi Klages’s Antwren NT x x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Nonnula amaurocephala Chestnut-headed Nunlet - x x Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed Becard - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Rhegmatorhina cristata Chestnut-crested Antbird - x x Selenidera nattereri Tawny-tufted Toucanet - x Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Blackish-grey Antshrike - x Topaza pyra Fiery - x Parque Nacional Montanhas BR006 3882120 Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x do Tumucumaque Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora - x Synallaxis macconnelli MacConnell’s Spinetail - x Threnetes niger Sooty - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Reentrâncias Maranhenses / BR030 1134852 Buteogallus aequinoctialis Rufous Crab-hawk - x Paraenses Calidris canutus Red Knot - x Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper - x Eudocimus ruber Scarlet Ibis - x Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel - x Species group - waterbirds A4iii - x Reserva Biológica do Rio BR010 409585 Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Trombetas Picumnus varzeae Varzea Piculet - x Rio Capim BR013 2141584 Guaruba guarouba Golden Parakeet EN x Ortalis superciliaris Buff-browed Chachalaca NT x

27 Brazil Rio Capim BR013 2141584 Penelope pileata White-crested Guan NT x Pyrrhura lepida Pearly Parakeet NT x Saltos das Andorinhas e de BR076 740 Cypseloides senex Great Dusky - x Dardanelos zonaris White-collared Swift - x São Pedro da Água Branca BR046 112297 Celeus obrieni Caatinga Woodpecker CR x Cercomacra ferdinandi Bananal Antbird VU x x Savanas do Amapá BR008 766643 Euscarthmus rufomarginatus Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant NT x Neothraupis fasciata White-banded Tanager NT x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Savanas do Rio Cotingo BR002 1499454 Aratinga solstitialis Sun Parakeet EN x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Synallaxis kollari Hoary-throated Spinetail EN x x Serra dos Carajás BR017 1223610 Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Hyacinth Macaw EN x Capito dayi Black-girdled Barbet - x Conopophaga melanogaster Black-bellied Gnateater - x Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Galbula cyanicollis Blue-necked Jacamar - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hylexetastes brigidai Mato Grosso Woodcreeper - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lepidothrix iris Opal-crowned Manakin - x Malacoptila rufa Rufous-necked Puffbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Odontorchilus cinereus Tooth-billed Wren - x Penelope pileata White-crested Guan NT x x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Pipile cujubi Red-throated Piping-guan - x Psophia viridis Dark-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus bitorquatus Red-necked Aracari - x Pyrilia vulturina Vulturine Parrot - x Pyrrhura lepida Pearly Parakeet NT x x Selenidera gouldii Gould’s Toucanet - x Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill NT x x Synallaxis cherriei Chestnut-throated Spinetail NT x Thamnophilus stictocephalus Natterer’s Slaty-antshrike - x Xipholena lamellipennis White-tailed Cotinga - x Tabocais BR059 7351066 Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar - x Cercomacra manu Manu Antbird - x Conioptilon mcilhennyi Black-faced Cotinga - x x Crypturellus atrocapillus Black-capped Tinamou - x Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Bamboo Antshrike - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Eubucco tucinkae Scarlet-hooded Barbet - x x Formicarius ru frons Rufous-fronted Antthrush NT x x x Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus Chestnut Jacamar - x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lophotriccus eulophotes Long-crested Pygmy-tyrant - x x Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x x Myrmotherula iheringi Ihering’s Antwren - x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Nannopsittaca dachilleae Amazonian Parrotlet NT x x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x Nonnula sclateri Fulvous-chinned Nunlet - x Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird - x x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Picumnus subtilis Fine-barred Piculet - x x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x

28 Brazil Tabocais BR059 7351066 Pteroglossus azara Ivory-billed Aracari - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Pyrrhura rupicola Black-capped Parakeet - x Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill NT x x Synallaxis cherriei Chestnut-throated Spinetail NT x Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Thryothorus griseus Grey Wren - x de Roraima BR001 248250 Atlapetes personatus Brush- nch - x x Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x x Campylopterus hyperythrus Rufous-breasted - x x Diglossa major Greater Flowerpiercer - x x Elaenia dayi Great Elaenia - x x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x x Mitrospingus oleagineus Olive-backed Tanager - x x Myioborus castaneocapilla Tepui Redstart - x x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Pyrrhura egregia Fiery-shouldered Parakeet - x x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x x Thamnophilus insignis Streak-backed Antshrike - x x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x x Tepuis do Amazonas BR020 4429575 Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanocorax heilprini Azure-naped Jay - x x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x x Dolospingus fringilloides White-naped Seedeater - x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren - x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x Lepidothrix suavissima Orange-bellied Manakin - x x pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula ambigua Yellow-throated Antwren - x x Neomorphus ru pennis Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo - x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes virescens Olive-green Tyrannulet - x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x x Polytmus milleri Tepui - x x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrrhura egregia Fiery-shouldered Parakeet - x x Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Schistocichla caurensis Caura Antbird - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x x Synallaxis macconnelli MacConnell’s Spinetail - x Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Blackish-grey Antshrike - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x x Vale do Guaporé BR088 1664439 Picumnus fuscus Rusty-necked Piculet NT x x Várzeas de Monte Alegre BR011 2664834 Cranioleuca muelleri Scaled Spinetail - x Myrmotherula klagesi Klages’s Antwren NT x x Várzeas do Médio Rio Amazonas BR022 2875752 Cranioleuca muelleri Scaled Spinetail - x Myrmotherula klagesi Klages’s Antwren NT x x

29 Brazil Várzeas do Médio Rio Amazonas BR022 2875752 Picumnus varzeae Varzea Piculet - x Colombia Estación Biológica Mosiro- CO197 52700 Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Itajura Crax alector Black Curassow - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Rhegmatorhina cristata Chestnut-crested Antbird - x Selenidera nattereri Tawny-tufted Toucanet - x Isla Mirití CO184 500 Crax globulosa Wattled Curassow VU x Isla Mocagua y Zaragocilla CO198 2500 Crax globulosa Wattled Curassow VU x Lagos de Yahuarcaca e Isla Ronda CO199 2135 Leucippus chlorocercus Olive-spotted Hummingbird - x Parque Nacional Natural CO083 293500 Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Amacayacu Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis White-eared Jacamar - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Grallaria dignissima Ochre-striped Antpitta - x x Leucippus chlorocercus Olive-spotted Hummingbird - x x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Parque Nacional Natural CO200 1280000 Chlorostilbon olivaresi Chiribiquete Emerald - x x Chiribiquete Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus casiquiare Barred Tinamou - x x Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x x Dolospingus fringilloides White-naped Seedeater - x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren - x x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Myrmeciza pelzelni Grey-bellied Antbird - x x Myrmotherula ambigua Yellow-throated Antwren - x x Neomorphus ru pennis Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo - x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Picumnus pumilus Orinoco Piculet - x x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Rhegmatorhina cristata Chestnut-crested Antbird - x x Selenidera nattereri Tawny-tufted Toucanet - x Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x Parque Nacional Natural Sierra CO186 630000 Crax alector Black Curassow - x de la Macarena Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Riberas de la Cuenca Baja del CO082 5000 Cyanocorax heilprini Azure-naped Jay - x x Río Inírida Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren - x x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Myrmeciza disjuncta Yapacana Antbird - x x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Riberas del Río Duda CO188 17000 Cacicus sclateri Ecuadorian - x x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Serranía de los Churumbelos CO066 150000 Aburria aburri Wattled Guan NT x

30 Colombia Serranía de los Churumbelos CO066 150000 Andigena nigrirostris Black-billed Mountain- - x Ara militaris Military Macaw VU x Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus Dusky-headed Brush- nch NT x x Aulacorhynchus haematopygus Crimson-rumped Toucanet - x Boissonneaua avescens Buff-tailed Coronet - x Campylopterus villaviscensio Napo Sabrewing NT x x Chaetocercus heliodor Gorgeted Woodstar - x Chamaeza turdina Schwartz’s Antthrush - x unirufa Rufous Wren - x Cyclarhis nigrirostris Black-billed Peppershrike - x Dysithamnus leucostictus White-spotted Antvireo - x Grallaria hypoleuca White-bellied Antpitta - x cucullata Hooded Antpitta VU x x Heliangelus exortis Tourmaline Sunangel - x Heliodoxa gularis Pink-throated Brilliant NT x x x Iridosornis ru vertex Golden-crowned Tanager - x Leptopogon ru pectus Rufous-breasted Flycatcher - x Lipaugus fuscocinereus Dusky Piha - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myioborus ornatus Golden-fronted Redstart - x Odontophorus hyperythrus Chestnut Wood-quail NT x x Phlogophilus hemileucurus Ecuadorian NT x x chlorolepidota Fiery-throated Fruiteater NT x Siptornis striaticollis Spectacled Prickletail - x Spizaetus isidori Black-and-chestnut Eagle NT x Tangara vitriolina Scrub Tanager - x Thripadectes ammulatus Flammulated Treehunter - x Turdus fulviventris Chestnut-bellied Thrush - x Urosticte ru crissa Rufous-vented Whitetip - x x Ecuador Arajuno-Alto Napo EC094 3115 Cacicus sclateri Ecuadorian Cacique - x Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis White-eared Jacamar - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Grallaria dignissima Ochre-striped Antpitta - x x Herpsilochmus dugandi Dugand’s Antwren - x Hylopezus fulviventris White-lored Antpitta - x Lanio fulvus Fulvous Shrike-tanager - x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Myiophobus cryptoxanthus Olive-chested Flycatcher - x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x x Phaethornis malaris Great-billed Hermit - x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Poecilotriccus calopterus Golden-winged Tody- ycatcher - x Threnetes niger Sooty Barbthroat - x Bajo Napo EC092 77700 Cacicus sclateri Ecuadorian Cacique - x Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis White-eared Jacamar - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Grallaria dignissima Ochre-striped Antpitta - x x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Herpsilochmus dugandi Dugand’s Antwren - x Heterocercus aurantiivertex Orange-crested Manakin - x x Hylopezus fulviventris White-lored Antpitta - x Lanio fulvus Fulvous Shrike-tanager - x Leucippus chlorocercus Olive-spotted Hummingbird - x x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Poecilotriccus calopterus Golden-winged Tody- ycatcher - x Thamnophilus praecox Cocha Antshrike NT x x x Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x Gran Yasuní EC093 1600000 Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis White-eared Jacamar - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Grallaria dignissima Ochre-striped Antpitta - x x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Lanio fulvus Fulvous Shrike-tanager - x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x x

31 Ecuador Gran Yasuní EC093 1600000 Phaethornis malaris Great-billed Hermit - x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Synallaxis cherriei Chestnut-throated Spinetail NT x Threnetes niger Sooty Barbthroat - x Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x Reserva de Producción EC091 603380 Cacicus sclateri Ecuadorian Cacique - x Faunística Cuyabeno Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis White-eared Jacamar - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Grallaria dignissima Ochre-striped Antpitta - x x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Herpsilochmus dugandi Dugand’s Antwren - x Heterocercus aurantiivertex Orange-crested Manakin - x x Lanio fulvus Fulvous Shrike-tanager - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x x Phaethornis malaris Great-billed Hermit - x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Synallaxis cherriei Chestnut-throated Spinetail NT x Thamnophilus praecox Cocha Antshrike NT x x x Threnetes niger Sooty Barbthroat - x Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x Reserva Ecológica Cofán- EC048 55451 Aburria aburri Wattled Guan NT x Bermejo Ara militaris Military Macaw VU x Campylopterus villaviscensio Napo Sabrewing NT x x Grallaria alleni Moustached Antpitta VU x Heliodoxa gularis Pink-throated Brilliant NT x Hemitriccus ru gularis Buff-throated Tody-tyrant NT x Myiopagis olallai Foothill Elaenia NT x Phlogophilus hemileucurus Ecuadorian Piedtail NT x x Phylloscartes gualaquizae Ecuadorian Tyrannulet - x Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou VU x Touit stictopterus Spot-winged Parrotlet VU x Urosticte ru crissa Rufous-vented Whitetip - x Río Conambo-Bobonaza EC095 870000 Aburria aburri Wattled Guan NT x Grallaria dignissima Ochre-striped Antpitta - x Myiophobus cryptoxanthus Olive-chested Flycatcher - x Pipreola chlorolepidota Fiery-throated Fruiteater NT x Poecilotriccus calopterus Golden-winged Tody- ycatcher - x Territorio Achuar EC096 700000 Cacicus sclateri Ecuadorian Cacique - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis White-eared Jacamar - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Grallaria dignissima Ochre-striped Antpitta - x x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Herpsilochmus dugandi Dugand’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus gentryi Ancient Antwren NT x Hylopezus fulviventris White-lored Antpitta - x Lanio fulvus Fulvous Shrike-tanager - x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x x Phaethornis malaris Great-billed Hermit - x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Poecilotriccus calopterus Golden-winged Tody- ycatcher - x Threnetes niger Sooty Barbthroat - x Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x French Guiana Amana GF001 59000 Actitis macularius Spotted Sandpiper - x Buteogallus aequinoctialis Rufous Crab-hawk - x Calidris canutus Red Knot - x Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper - x Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper - x Charadrius collaris Collared Plover - x Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover - x Eudocimus ruber Scarlet Ibis - x

32 French Guiana Amana GF001 59000 Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher - x Mesembrinibis cayennensis Green Ibis - x Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover - x Species group - waterbirds A4iii - x Sterna antillarum Least Tern - x Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern - x Sterna superciliaris Yellow-billed Tern - x Tringa avipes Lesser Yellowlegs - x Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs - x Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper - x Atachi Bakka GF012 n/d Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Lucifer GF010 n/d Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Montagne Kaw GF007 n/d Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x

33 French Guiana Montagne Kaw GF007 n/d Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Threnetes niger Sooty Barbthroat - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Nouragues GF008 100000 Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x x Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus josephinae Boat-billed Tody-tyrant - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Iodopleura fusca Dusky Purpletuft - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed Becard - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Phylloscartes virescens Olive-green Tyrannulet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Synallaxis macconnelli MacConnell’s Spinetail - x Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Blackish-grey Antshrike - x Threnetes niger Sooty Barbthroat - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Parc Amazonien de Guyane GF011 2030000 Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x x & Saül Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus josephinae Boat-billed Tody-tyrant - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x

34 French Guiana Parc Amazonien de Guyane GF011 2030000 Iodopleura fusca Dusky Purpletuft - x & Saül Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed Becard - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Synallaxis macconnelli MacConnell’s Spinetail - x Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Blackish-grey Antshrike - x Threnetes niger Sooty Barbthroat - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Rorota GF004 769 Buteogallus aequinoctialis Rufous Crab-hawk - x Savanes Trou Poissons, GF003 3432 Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Brigandin, Corrossony Trinité GF009 76900 Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x x Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus josephinae Boat-billed Tody-tyrant - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Iodopleura fusca Dusky Purpletuft - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed Becard - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Synallaxis macconnelli MacConnell’s Spinetail - x Threnetes niger Sooty Barbthroat - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Ireng River 3 30900 Cercomacra carbonaria Rio Branco Antbird NT x x Species group - waterbirds A4iii - x Synallaxis kollari Hoary-throated Spinetail EN x x Iworkrama 7 n/a Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x

35 French Guiana Karasabai 8 n/a Aratinga solstitialis Sun Parakeet EN x Karaw/Aruka 2 12000 Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x Mapari - Kanuku Mountain 5 19400 Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x North Rupununi-Karanambu Ranch 4 34200 Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Species group - waterbirds A4iii - x Pacaraima Mountains 10 n/a Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x Pipreola whitelyi Red-banded Fruiteater - x South Central Rupununi 6 253800 Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x Carduelis cucullata Red Siskin EN x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Peru Alto Purús PE111 2724263 Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar - x Cacicus koepckeae VU x x x Conioptilon mcilhennyi Black-faced Cotinga - x x Conothraupis speculigera Black-and-white Tanager NT x Crypturellus atrocapillus Black-capped Tinamou - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Eubucco tucinkae Scarlet-hooded Barbet - x x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Grallaria eludens Elusive Antpitta NT x x x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk - x Lophotriccus eulophotes Long-crested Pygmy-tyrant - x x Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x Nonnula sclateri Fulvous-chinned Nunlet - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Pyrrhura rupicola Black-capped Parakeet - x Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill NT x x Tachyphonus ru venter Yellow-crested Tanager - x Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Cordillera del Cóndor PE104 1642567 Aburria aburri Wattled Guan NT x Campylopterus villaviscensio Napo Sabrewing NT x x Campylorhamphus pucherani Greater Scythebill NT x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Galbula pastazae Coppery-chested Jacamar VU x x x Grallaria hypoleuca White-bellied Antpitta - x Henicorhina leucoptera Bar-winged Wood-wren NT x x Megascops petersoni Cinnamon Screech-owl - x x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x Phlogophilus hemileucurus Ecuadorian Piedtail NT x x Picumnus lafresnayi Lafresnaye’s Piculet - x Touit stictopterus Spot-winged Parrotlet VU x Turdus fulviventris Chestnut-bellied Thrush - x Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron Orange-throated Tanager VU x x x Xenerpestes singularis Equatorial Greytail NT x x Cordillera Vilcabamba PE086 2425000 Amazilia viridicauda Green-and-white Hummingbird - x x Andigena hypoglauca Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan NT x Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis Blue-banded Toucanet - x Bolborhynchus orbygnesius Andean Parakeet - x Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar - x Cacicus koepckeae Selva Cacique VU x x x Cercomacra manu Manu Antbird - x Chiroxiphia boliviana Yungas Manakin - x x Cinnycerthia peruana Peruvian Wren - x Coeligena violifer Violet-throated Starfrontlet - x Conirostrum ferrugineiventre White-browed Conebill - x Conothraupis speculigera Black-and-white Tanager NT x

36 Peru Cordillera Vilcabamba PE086 2425000 Cranioleuca marcapatae Marcapata Spinetail - x x Creurgops dentatus Slaty Tanager - x x Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Bamboo Antshrike - x Delothraupis castaneoventris Chestnut-bellied Mountain-tanager - x Diglossa mystacalis Moustached Flowerpiercer - x Entomodestes leucotis White-eared Solitaire - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Eubucco versicolor Versicoloured Barbet - x Formicarius ru frons Rufous-fronted Antthrush NT x x x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Grallaria erythroleuca Red-and-white Antpitta - x x Heliodoxa branickii Rufous-webbed Brilliant - x x Hemispingus xanthophthalmus Drab Hemispingus - x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Hemitriccus ru gularis Buff-throated Tody-tyrant NT x x Herpsilochmus motacilloides Creamy-bellied Antwren - x x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Iridosornis jelskii Golden-collared Tanager - x x Iridosornis reinhardti Yellow-scarfed Tanager - x x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla Cerulean-capped Manakin - x x Leptopogon taczanowskii Inca Flycatcher - x x Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x Megascops marshalli Cloud-forest Screech-owl NT x x x Mitrephanes olivaceus Olive Flycatcher - x Myiotheretes fuscorufus Rufous-bellied Bush-tyrant - x x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x x Myrmotherula iheringi Ihering’s Antwren - x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x Odontophorus balliviani Stripe-faced Wood-quail - x x Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird - x x Phaethornis koepckeae Koepcke’s Hermit NT x x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Phlogophilus harterti Peruvian Piedtail NT x x x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Picumnus dorbignyanus Ocellated Piculet - x Pipreola intermedia Band-tailed Fruiteater - x Pipreola pulchra Masked Fruiteater - x x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psarocolius atrovirens Dusky-green Oropendola - x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Schizoeaca vilcabambae Vilcabamba Thistletail - x x parvirostris Trilling - x Scytalopus unicolor Unicoloured Tapaculo - x Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill NT x x Synallaxis cabanisi Cabanis’s Spinetail - x Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Thryothorus eisenmanni Inca Wren - x x Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou VU x x Zimmerius bolivianus Bolivian Tyrannulet - x x Cuenca Río Nanay PE107 354000 Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Herpsilochmus gentryi Ancient Antwren NT x Heterocercus aurantiivertex Orange-crested Manakin - x x Mitu salvini Salvin’s Curassow - x Nannopsittaca dachilleae Amazonian Parrotlet NT x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x Percnostola arenarum Allpahuayo Antbird VU x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x Zimmerius villarejoi Mishana Tyrannulet VU x x Los Amigos PE113 142000 Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar - x Conioptilon mcilhennyi Black-faced Cotinga - x x Conothraupis speculigera Black-and-white Tanager NT x Crypturellus atrocapillus Black-capped Tinamou - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Eubucco tucinkae Scarlet-hooded Barbet - x x Formicarius ru frons Rufous-fronted Antthrush NT x x x

37 Peru Los Amigos PE113 142000 Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lophotriccus eulophotes Long-crested Pygmy-tyrant - x x Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x x Myrmotherula iheringi Ihering’s Antwren - x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Nannopsittaca dachilleae Amazonian Parrotlet NT x x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird - x x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Picumnus subtilis Fine-barred Piculet - x x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Poecilotriccus albifacies White-cheeked Tody-tyrant - x x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Pyrrhura rupicola Black-capped Parakeet - x Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill NT x x Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Manu PE112 1716295 Aburria aburri Wattled Guan NT x collaris Semicollared Hawk NT x Amazilia viridicauda Green-and-white Hummingbird - x x Andigena hypoglauca Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan NT x Ara militaris Military Macaw VU x Asthenes urubambensis Line-fronted Canastero NT x x x Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis Blue-banded Toucanet - x Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar - x Cacicus koepckeae Selva Cacique VU x x x Campylorhamphus pucherani Greater Scythebill NT x Cercomacra manu Manu Antbird - x Chiroxiphia boliviana Yungas Manakin - x x Cinnycerthia peruana Peruvian Wren - x Coeligena violifer Violet-throated Starfrontlet - x Conioptilon mcilhennyi Black-faced Cotinga - x x Conopophaga ardesiaca Slaty Gnateater - x Conothraupis speculigera Black-and-white Tanager NT x Cranioleuca albicapilla Creamy-crested Spinetail - x x Cranioleuca marcapatae Marcapata Spinetail - x x Creurgops dentatus Slaty Tanager - x x Crypturellus atrocapillus Black-capped Tinamou - x viridicyanus White-collared Jay - x Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Bamboo Antshrike - x Delothraupis castaneoventris Chestnut-bellied Mountain-tanager - x Diglossa mystacalis Moustached Flowerpiercer - x Entomodestes leucotis White-eared Solitaire - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Eubucco tucinkae Scarlet-hooded Barbet - x x Eubucco versicolor Versicoloured Barbet - x Formicarius ru frons Rufous-fronted Antthrush NT x x x Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus Chestnut Jacamar - x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Galbula cyanicollis Blue-necked Jacamar - x Grallaria albigula White-throated Antpitta - x x Grallaria eludens Elusive Antpitta NT x x x Grallaria erythroleuca Red-and-white Antpitta - x x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Harpyhaliaetus solitarius Solitary Eagle NT x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Heterocercus linteatus Flame-crested Manakin - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Iridosornis jelskii Golden-collared Tanager - x x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla Cerulean-capped Manakin - x x Leptopogon taczanowskii Inca Flycatcher - x x Leptosittaca branickii Golden-plumed Parakeet VU x Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk - x Malacoptila rufa Rufous-necked Puffbird - x

38 Peru Manu PE112 1716295 Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x Metallura aeneocauda Scaled - x x Metriopelia ceciliae Bare-faced Ground-dove - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myiophobus inornatus Unadorned Flycatcher - x x Myiophobus ochraceiventris Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher - x Myiotheretes fuscorufus Rufous-bellied Bush-tyrant - x x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x x Myrmotherula iheringi Ihering’s Antwren - x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Nannopsittaca dachilleae Amazonian Parrotlet NT x x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x Nothocercus nigrocapillus Hooded Tinamou - x Nothoprocta taczanowskii Taczanowski’s Tinamou VU x x x Ochthoeca oenanthoides D’Orbigny’s Chat-tyrant - x Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird - x x Phaethornis koepckeae Koepcke’s Hermit NT x x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Phaethornis stuarti White-browed Hermit - x Phlogophilus harterti Peruvian Piedtail NT x x x Picumnus aurifrons Bar-breasted Piculet - x Picumnus subtilis Fine-barred Piculet - x x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Pipreola intermedia Band-tailed Fruiteater - x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psarocolius atrovirens Dusky-green Oropendola - x Pseudotriccus simplex Hazel-fronted Pygmy-tyrant - x x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Pyrrhura rupicola Black-capped Parakeet - x Scytalopus bolivianus Bolivian Tapaculo - x Scytalopus parvirostris Trilling Tapaculo - x Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill NT x x Spizaetus isidori Black-and-chestnut Eagle NT x Synallaxis cabanisi Cabanis’s Spinetail - x Synallaxis cherriei Chestnut-throated Spinetail NT x Tachyphonus ru venter Yellow-crested Tanager - x Terenura sharpei Yellow-rumped Antwren EN x x x Thamnomanes schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike - x Thlypopsis ru ceps Rust-and-yellow Tanager - x Thripadectes scrutator Buff-throated Treehunter - x Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou VU x x Tryngites subru collis Buff-breasted Sandpiper NT x Zimmerius bolivianus Bolivian Tyrannulet - x x Zimmerius cinereicapilla Red-billed Tyrannulet - x Maruncunca PE094 57100 Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis Blue-banded Toucanet - x Cinnycerthia peruana Peruvian Wren - x Conopophaga ardesiaca Slaty Gnateater - x Creurgops dentatus Slaty Tanager - x x Entomodestes leucotis White-eared Solitaire - x Eubucco versicolor Versicoloured Barbet - x Grallaria albigula White-throated Antpitta - x x Lipaugus uropygialis Scimitar-winged Piha VU x x x Myiophobus inornatus Unadorned Flycatcher - x x Nothocercus nigrocapillus Hooded Tinamou - x Phyllomyias sclateri Sclater’s Tyrannulet - x Pipreola intermedia Band-tailed Fruiteater - x Pseudotriccus simplex Hazel-fronted Pygmy-tyrant - x x Tangara meyerdeschauenseei Green-capped Tanager VU x x x Thlypopsis ru ceps Rust-and-yellow Tanager - x Zimmerius bolivianus Bolivian Tyrannulet - x x Morona PE106 144600 Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis White-eared Jacamar - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Herpsilochmus gentryi Ancient Antwren NT x Hylopezus fulviventris White-lored Antpitta - x Myrmoborus melanurus Black-tailed Antbird NT x x Nonnula brunnea Brown Nunlet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pithys castaneus White-masked Antbird NT x x

39 Peru Morona PE106 144600 Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x Parque Nacional Cordillera PE109 1353190 Aburria aburri Wattled Guan NT x Azul Capito wallacei Scarlet-banded Barbet VU x x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Heliangelus regalis Royal Sunangel EN x x Heliodoxa branickii Rufous-webbed Brilliant - x Hemitriccus ru gularis Buff-throated Tody-tyrant NT x Henicorhina leucoptera Bar-winged Wood-wren NT x x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Pipreola chlorolepidota Fiery-throated Fruiteater NT x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x Touit stictopterus Spot-winged Parrotlet VU x Zimmerius cinereicapilla Red-billed Tyrannulet - x Zimmerius viridi avus Peruvian Tyrannulet - x Reserva Comunal El Sira PE110 616413 Cinnycerthia peruana Peruvian Wren - x Entomodestes leucotis White-eared Solitaire - x Heliodoxa branickii Rufous-webbed Brilliant - x x Hemitriccus ru gularis Buff-throated Tody-tyrant NT x x Herpsilochmus motacilloides Creamy-bellied Antwren - x x Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla Cerulean-capped Manakin - x x Pauxi unicornis Horned Curassow EN x x x Phaethornis koepckeae Koepcke’s Hermit NT x x Pipreola chlorolepidota Fiery-throated Fruiteater NT x Tangara phillipsi Sira Tanager NT x x x Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou VU x x Zimmerius viridi avus Peruvian Tyrannulet - x x Reserva Nacional Pacaya PE108 2080000 Cacicus sclateri Ecuadorian Cacique - x x Samiria Crax globulosa Wattled Curassow VU x Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis White-eared Jacamar - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Leucippus chlorocercus Olive-spotted Hummingbird - x x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmoborus melanurus Black-tailed Antbird NT x x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Sterna superciliaris Yellow-billed Tern - x Río Abiseo y Tayabamba PE066 318668 Andigena hypoglauca Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan NT x Aulacorhynchus huallagae Yellow-browed Toucanet EN x x x Buthraupis aureodorsalis Golden-backed Mountain-tanager EN x x x Doliornis sclateri Bay-vented Cotinga VU x x x Entomodestes leucotis White-eared Solitaire - x Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris Rufous-browed Hemispingus VU x x x Leptosittaca branickii Golden-plumed Parakeet VU x Poospiza alticola Plain-tailed Warbling- nch EN x x Thripophaga berlepschi Russet-mantled Softtail VU x x x Vultur gryphus Andean Condor NT x Tambopata PE115 274690 Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar - x Cercomacra manu Manu Antbird - x Crypturellus atrocapillus Black-capped Tinamou - x Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou - x Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Bamboo Antshrike - x Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren - x Eubucco tucinkae Scarlet-hooded Barbet - x x Formicarius ru frons Rufous-fronted Antthrush NT x x x Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar - x Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus ammulatus Flammulated Bamboo-tyrant - x Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta - x Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird - x Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-tanager - x Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk - x Lophotriccus eulophotes Long-crested Pygmy-tyrant - x x Malacoptila semicincta Semicollared Puffbird - x Myrmeciza goeldii Goeldi’s Antbird - x x Myrmotherula iheringi Ihering’s Antwren - x Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater’s Antwren - x Nannopsittaca dachilleae Amazonian Parrotlet NT x x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Neopelma sulphureiventer Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin - x

40 Peru Tambopata PE115 274690 Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird - x x Phaethornis philippii Needle-billed Hermit - x Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot - x Poecilotriccus albifacies White-cheeked Tody-tyrant - x x Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw VU x x Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter - x Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Curl-crested Aracari - x Pyrrhura rupicola Black-capped Parakeet - x Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill NT x x Synallaxis cabanisi Cabanis’s Spinetail - x Tachyphonus ru venter Yellow-crested Tanager - x Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou VU x x Suriname Bakhuys gebergte SR009 561327 Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x x Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus josephinae Boat-billed Tody-tyrant - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Iodopleura fusca Dusky Purpletuft - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed Becard - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Phylloscartes virescens Olive-green Tyrannulet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Synallaxis macconnelli MacConnell’s Spinetail - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Boven Coesewijne SR006 27000 Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Natuurreservaat (BCNR) Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x

41 Suriname Boven Coesewijne SR006 27000 Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Natuurreservaat (BCNR) Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Brownsberg Natuurpark (BB) SR007 13000 Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Iodopleura fusca Dusky Purpletuft - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed Becard - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Centraal Suriname SR011 1600000 Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Natuurreservaat (CSNR) Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Dysithamnus leucostictus White-spotted Antvireo - x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Hemitriccus inornatus Pelzeln’s Tody-tyrant - x x Hemitriccus josephinae Boat-billed Tody-tyrant - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x Iodopleura fusca Dusky Purpletuft - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Pachyramphus surinamus Glossy-backed Becard - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Phylloscartes virescens Olive-green Tyrannulet - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x

42 Suriname Centraal Suriname SR011 1600000 Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Natuurreservaat (CSNR) Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Synallaxis macconnelli MacConnell’s Spinetail - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Kabalebo / Arapahu SR010 1683697 Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Hemitriccus josephinae Boat-billed Tody-tyrant - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Mesembrinibis cayennensis Green Ibis - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Lely gebergte SR012 78820 Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Rupicola rupicola Guianan Cock-of-the-rock - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Nassau gebergte SR008 28850 Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Contopus albogularis White-throated Pewee - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x

43 Suriname Nassau gebergte SR008 28850 Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylexetastes perrotii Red-billed Woodcreeper - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Noord- West Suriname IBA SR005 216386 Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Notharchus macrorhynchos Guianan Puffbird - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Picumnus minutissimus Guianan Piculet - x x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Veniliornis sanguineus Blood-coloured Woodpecker - x x Sipaliwini Natuurreservaat SR013 100000 Aratinga solstitialis Sun Parakeet EN x x Capito niger Black-spotted Barbet - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Euscarthmus rufomarginatus Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant NT x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Hemitriccus josephinae Boat-billed Tody-tyrant - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Lepidothrix serena White-fronted Manakin - x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Sakesphorus melanothorax Band-tailed Antshrike - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Venezuela Campamento Junglaven VE065 150000 Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x

44 Venezuela Campamento Junglaven VE065 150000 Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren - x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Neomorphus ru pennis Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Selenidera nattereri Tawny-tufted Toucanet - x Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Blackish-grey Antshrike - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Caruachi VE048 800000 Amaurospiza carrizalensis Carrizal Seedeater CR x Monumento Natural Cerro VE063 250000 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x Urutaní Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x Caprimulgus whitelyi Roraiman Nightjar - x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x Monumento Natural Tepui VE060 109600 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x x Guaiquinima Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x x Caprimulgus whitelyi Roraiman Nightjar - x x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x x Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Myioborus cardonai Saffron-breasted Redstart NT x x x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x x Pyrrhura egregia Fiery-shouldered Parakeet - x x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Monumento Natural Tepui VE057 12500 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x Guanay Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x Myioborus albifacies White-faced Redstart - x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x

45 Venezuela Monumento Natural Tepui VE057 12500 Schistocichla caurensis Caura Antbird - x Guanay Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x Monumento Natural Tepui Parú VE067 40000 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x Elaenia dayi Great Elaenia - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x Myioborus castaneocapilla Tepui Redstart - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x Thamnophilus insignis Streak-backed Antshrike - x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x Monumento Natural Tepui VE062 4500 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x x Roraima Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x x Campylopterus hyperythrus Rufous-breasted Sabrewing - x x Caprimulgus whitelyi Roraiman Nightjar - x x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x x Diglossa major Greater Flowerpiercer - x x Elaenia dayi Great Elaenia - x x Euphonia nschi Finsch’s Euphonia - x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x x Lepidothrix suavissima Orange-bellied Manakin - x x Lipaugus streptophorus Rose-collared Piha - x x Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x x Mitrospingus oleagineus Olive-backed Tanager - x x Myioborus castaneocapilla Tepui Redstart - x x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x x Pipreola whitelyi Red-banded Fruiteater - x x Poecilotriccus russatus Ruddy Tody- ycatcher - x x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Polytmus milleri Tepui Goldenthroat - x x Pyrrhura egregia Fiery-shouldered Parakeet - x x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x x Thamnophilus insignis Streak-backed Antshrike - x x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x x Monumento Natural Tepui Yavi VE059 1400 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x Myioborus albifacies White-faced Redstart - x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x

46 Venezuela Monumento Natural Tepui Yavi VE059 1400 Schistocichla caurensis Caura Antbird - x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x Monumento Natural Tepui VE058 27500 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x Yutajé Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x Myioborus albifacies White-faced Redstart - x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x Parque Nacional Canaima VE061 3000000 Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x x Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x x Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x x Campylopterus hyperythrus Rufous-breasted Sabrewing - x x Caprimulgus whitelyi Roraiman Nightjar - x x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus ptaritepui Tepui Tinamou - x x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Diglossa major Greater Flowerpiercer - x x Elaenia dayi Great Elaenia - x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x x Iodopleura fusca Dusky Purpletuft - x Lepidothrix suavissima Orange-bellied Manakin - x x Lipaugus streptophorus Rose-collared Piha - x x Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x x Mitrospingus oleagineus Olive-backed Tanager - x x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myioborus castaneocapilla Tepui Redstart - x x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x x Neomorphus ru pennis Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo - x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x x Pipreola whitelyi Red-banded Fruiteater - x x Poecilotriccus russatus Ruddy Tody- ycatcher - x x Polystictus pectoralis Bearded Tachuri NT x Polytmus milleri Tepui Goldenthroat - x x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Pyrrhura egregia Fiery-shouldered Parakeet - x x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x x Thamnophilus insignis Streak-backed Antshrike - x x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x x

47 Venezuela Parque Nacional Canaima VE061 3000000 Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x x Parque Nacional Duida- VE069 210000 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x x Marahuaca Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x x Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x x Dolospingus fringilloides White-naped Seedeater - x x Elaenia dayi Great Elaenia - x x Emberizoides duidae Duida Grass- nch NT x x x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x x Lepidothrix suavissima Orange-bellied Manakin - x x Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myioborus castaneocapilla Tepui Redstart - x x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x x Myrmotherula ambigua Yellow-throated Antwren - x x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x x Neomorphus ru pennis Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x x Polytmus milleri Tepui Goldenthroat - x x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x x Schistocichla caurensis Caura Antbird - x x Selenidera nattereri Tawny-tufted Toucanet - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x x Thamnophilus insignis Streak-backed Antshrike - x x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x x Parque Nacional Jaua-Sarisari- VE064 330000 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x ñama Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x Caprimulgus whitelyi Roraiman Nightjar - x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x Elaenia dayi Great Elaenia - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x Myioborus castaneocapilla Tepui Redstart - x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x Polytmus milleri Tepui Goldenthroat - x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x Schistocichla caurensis Caura Antbird - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x Thamnophilus insignis Streak-backed Antshrike - x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x

48 Venezuela Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x Parque Nacional Parima- VE071 3420000 Amazona dufresniana Blue-cheeked Amazon NT x x Tapirapecó Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x x Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x x Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Herpsilochmus roraimae Roraiman Antwren - x x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x x Lepidothrix suavissima Orange-bellied Manakin - x x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x x Schistocichla caurensis Caura Antbird - x x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Parque Nacional Serranía La VE072 1360000 Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x x Neblina Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren - x x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren - x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Myioborus castaneocapilla Tepui Redstart - x x Myrmeciza disjuncta Yapacana Antbird - x x Myrmeciza pelzelni Grey-bellied Antbird - x x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x x Myrmotherula ambigua Yellow-throated Antwren - x x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x x Schistocichla caurensis Caura Antbird - x x Selenidera nattereri Tawny-tufted Toucanet - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x x Thamnophilus insignis Streak-backed Antshrike - x x

49 Venezuela Parque Nacional Serranía La VE072 1360000 Topaza pyra Fiery Topaz - x Neblina Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Parque Nacional Yapacana VE068 320000 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x x Cyanocorax heilprini Azure-naped Jay - x x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x Dolospingus fringilloides White-naped Seedeater - x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren - x x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Myrmeciza disjuncta Yapacana Antbird - x x Neomorphus ru pennis Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Selenidera nattereri Tawny-tufted Toucanet - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Blackish-grey Antshrike - x Reserva Forestal Imataca VE046 3640899 Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Corapipo gutturalis White-throated Manakin - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Cyanicterus cyanicterus Blue-backed Tanager - x Cyanocorax cayanus Cayenne Jay - x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Frederickena viridis Black-throated Antshrike - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle NT x Herpsilochmus stictocephalus Todd’s Antwren - x Herpsilochmus sticturus Spot-tailed Antwren - x Lepidothrix suavissima Orange-bellied Manakin - x Monasa atra Black Nunbird - x Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle NT x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren - x Myrmotherula gutturalis Brown-bellied Antwren - x Nannopsittaca panychlora Tepui Parrotlet - x Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose NT x Neomorphus ru pennis Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo - x Penelope marail Marail Guan - x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird - x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot - x Pteroglossus viridis Green Aracari - x Pyrilia caica Caica Parrot - x Selenidera piperivora Guianan Toucanet - x Streptoprocne phelpsi Tepui Swift - x Todirostrum pictum Painted Tody- ycatcher - x Tyranneutes virescens Tiny Tyrant-manakin - x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Xenopipo uniformis Olive Manakin - x Reserva Forestal Sipapo VE066 1215500 Atlapetes personatus Tepui Brush- nch - x x Automolus roraimae White-throated Foliage-gleaner - x x Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted Sabrewing - x x Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Cranioleuca demissa Tepui Spinetail - x x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus duidae Grey-legged Tinamou - x x Cyanocorax heilprini Azure-naped Jay - x x Diglossa duidae Scaled Flowerpiercer - x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia - x Galbula albirostris Yellow-billed Jacamar - x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird - x Heliodoxa xanthogonys Velvet-browed Brilliant - x x Heterocercus avivertex Yellow-crested Manakin - x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet - x Hylophilus sclateri Tepui Greenlet - x x

50 Venezuela Reserva Forestal Sipapo VE066 1215500 Lophornis pavoninus Peacock Coquette - x x Macroagelaius imthurni Golden-tufted Grackle - x x Microcerculus ustulatus Fluting Wren - x x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow - x Myioborus albifacies White-faced Redstart - x x Myrmothera simplex Brown-breasted Antpitta - x x Neomorphus ru pennis Rufous-winged Ground-cuckoo - x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin - x Phylloscartes chapmani Chapman’s Tyrannulet - x x Phylloscartes nigrifrons Black-fronted Tyrannulet - x x Pipra cornuta Scarlet-horned Manakin - x x Roraimia adusta Roraiman Barbtail - x x Schistocichla caurensis Caura Antbird - x x Thamnophilus insignis Streak-backed Antshrike - x x Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Blackish-grey Antshrike - x Thripophaga cherriei Orinoco Softtail VU- x x x Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren - x x Veniliornis cassini Golden-collared Woodpecker - x Yavita-Pimichin VE070 250000 Conopias parvus Yellow-throated Flycatcher - x Crax alector Black Curassow - x Crypturellus casiquiare Barred Tinamou - x x Cyanocorax heilprini Azure-naped Jay - x x Dolospingus fringilloides White-naped Seedeater x x Euphonia plumbea Plumbeous Euphonia x Gymnopithys ru gula Rufous-throated Antbird x Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Spot-backed Antwren x x Hylophilus brunneiceps Brown-headed Greenlet x Microbates collaris Collared Gnatwren x Mitu tomentosum Crestless Curassow x Myrmeciza pelzelni Grey-bellied Antbird x x Myrmotherula ambigua Yellow-throated Antwren x x Myrmotherula guttata Rufous-bellied Antwren x Neopelma chrysocephalum Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin x Percnostola ru frons Black-headed Antbird x Perissocephalus tricolor Capuchinbird x Pionites melanocephalus Black-headed Parrot x

Photo: Murray Cooper

51 References consulta de expertos organizado por la Comisión Europea en colaboración con la Organización del BUTLER, R (2008) Global Commodities Boom Fuels New Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica. Assault on Amazon. Yale Environment 360 (e360). Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. MITTERMEIER, R. A., MITTERMEIER, C. G., ROBLES GIL, P., PIL- GRIM, J., FONSECA, G. A. B., BROOKS, T. & KONSTANT, COSTA, M. H., S. N. M. YANAGI, P. J. O. P. SOUZA, A. RI- W. R. (2002) Áreas Silvestres. Las últimas regiones BEIRO, AND E. J. P. ROCHA (2007), Climate change vírgenes del mundo. Mexico City, Mexico: CEMEX, in Amazonia caused by soybean cropland ex- Agrupación Sierra Madre. pansion, as compared to caused by pastureland expansion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07706, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Am- doi:10.1029/2007GL029271. biente (PNUMA), Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (OTCA) y Centro de In- COUGHLIN JASON. (2006) The Initiative for the Integra- vestigación de la Universidad del Pací co (CIUP). tion of Regional Infrastructure (IIRSA). http://www. (2009) Informe Geo Amazonía. Retrospectivas del greengrants.org/grantstories.php?news_id=95 Medio Ambiente en la Amazonía

EVA H.D. Y HUBER, O. (2005) Una propuesta para la IUCN-CMP. (2006) Uni ed Classi cation of Direct de nición de los límites geográ cos de la Ama- Threats, Version 1.0. http://www.iucn.org/themes/ zonía. Síntesis de los resultados de un taller de ssc/sis/classi cation.htm

Photo: Murray Cooper

Editors: Itala Yépez, Christian Devenish, Rob P. Clay • Collaborators: Ana María Franco, Andre de Luca, David Díaz, Diana Esclasans, Fer- nando Angulo, Fernando Palacios, Gajendra “Andy” Nauth Narine, Maria Carolina Barrero, Miguel Lentino, Nyls de Pracontal, Oscar Rodas, Oswaldo Maillard Z., Otte H. Ottema, Pedro F. Develey, Sandra Loor, Susan E. Davis, Tatiana Santander • Photographs kindly donated by: Murray Cooper, Pedro F. Develey, Michel Giraud-Audine, Julie Larsen, Francisco Nieto, Otte H Ottema , Victor Utreras, Javier Torres PCAHE / SIMBIOE, David Southall, Rick Wright • Graphic design: Alejandro Miranda B./[email protected]

For more information please contact BirdLife International Americas Secretariat: Juan de Dios Martínez Mera N35-76 y Av. Portugal Casilla 17-17-717, Quito, Ecuador. Tel: +593 2 2277059 Fax: +593 2 2469838 [email protected] www.birdlife.org

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