Omslag_040335-1 02-04-2004 10:57 Pagina 1
Commission for Environmental Impact Assessment
The Netherlands Annual Report 2003 Commission for Commission for Environmental Impact Environmental Impact Assessment Assessment (NCEIA) Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) provides the online information needed to allow full consideration of en- vironmental interests in decisions on plans and pro- What can you find on our website? jects which have significant consequences for the envi- Advisory work conducted by the NCEIA in the Nether- ronment. The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) lands: www.commissiemer.nl shows how the proposal will affect the environment • News: press releases and whether there are alternatives with fewer negative • General: background information on the EIA proce- impacts on the environment. dure in the Netherlands • Commission: the Commission’s role with regard to Advisory reports EIA, the Commission’s views, as well as contact In the Netherlands the Commission advises the govern- information on the Commission’s secretariat. ment authority responsible for the decision on the pro- • Projects: the actual state of affairs in EIA procedures: ject, usually twice during the procedure: • Overview of current projects • Advice on scoping guidelines: which topics should • The complete text of published advisory reports; the EIS cover? a few days after publication these reports can be • Advisory review: has the essential environmental viewed on our website and downloaded free of information for decision making been presented? charge; using the ‘search’ option will help you find what you If requested, the Commission issues advice at other are looking for in an instant. times in the process and on projects for which an EIA is • Procedural and summarised background informa- not compulsory. tion on projects the NCEIA has recently advised on. The Commission also advises on EIA in other countries. Advisory work conducted by the NCEIA with regard to Besides environmental impacts, these EIAs also cover international co-operation: www.eia.nl social impacts and impacts on poverty. The Commission • News page in 4 languages about: our international provides advice not only on concrete projects but also on activities, our website and the most recent publica- the development of EIA systems. This advice is prepared tions for use by Dutch embassies, foreign environment mini- • Commission: our organisation and staff responsible stries and the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. for international co-operation, and contact informa- tion Independent expertise • Services: which services do we offer and who could The Commission can draw on a pool of 400 experts benefit; when assembling the working groups. These draw up answers to frequently asked questions the Commission’s advice on each project and are sup- • Products: reports of our activities with regard to ported by the Commission’s secretariat. strengthening national EIA systems; advice on (con- Independent expertise is the Commission’s hallmark. troversial and complex) projects and advisory re- The Commission has no administrative responsibilities ports by the secretariat and does not interfere with political judgements. The • Publications: articles, country EIA profiles, annual Commission supports the process and monitors the reports, the business card brochure and videos. quality of the environmental information available to decision makers when making their decisions. 00_Voorwerk_040335 02-04-2004 10:24 Pagina 1
Commission for Environmental Impact Assessment Annual Report 2003 00_Voorwerk_040335 02-04-2004 10:24 Pagina 2 00_Voorwerk_040335 02-04-2004 10:24 Pagina 3
Commission for Environmental Impact Assessment
Annual Report 2003
This annual report is presented to the Minister of Spatial Planning, Housing and the Environ- ment and the Minister for Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality in accordance with article 2.18 of the Environmental Management Act.
Also presented to the Minister for Foreign Affairs and the Minister for Development Co-operation. 00_Voorwerk_040335 02-04-2004 10:25 Pagina 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8 12 16
Strategic Environmental Advice on EIA processes A smarter system with fewer Assesment: why and how? Boxes: rules Boxes: • Utrecht Station Area Boxes: • Strategic Environmental Redevelopment • EIA on the main issues Assessment and the World • EIA Process Groningen- • Sustainability assessment Bank Meerstad • The NCEIA’S vision: • Spatial Plan for Noord- • Fast-track EIA procedure concentrate quality criteria Holland Noord for Schiphol at strategic level • Transport Options for Corridor Sands Titanium Mine in Chibuto, Mozambique
ISBN: 90 421 1251 4
© 2004 Netherlands Commission for Environmental Impact Assessment
Editing: Rinke Berkenbosch, Leiden
Æneas, technical publishers, P.O.Box 101, 5280 AC Boxtel, the Netherlands
All rights reserved. Nothing in this publication may be duplicated, saved in an automated database, or published, in a way or form, be it electronically, mechanically, through photocopying, recording, or in any way without the written consent of the publisher.
The editor and publisher aim to ensure the production of a publication which is as reliable as possible, but cannot accept respon- sibility for any inaccuracies it may contain.
Design and realisation: Twin Design bv, Culemborg
Cover photo: Het Vossemeer, nature development area in the province of Flevoland. The area has been appointed a special protection zone, due to the presence of cormorants, tundra swans and tufted ducks, in accordance with the EU-directive on the conservation of wild birds and as a wetland of international significance according to the Ramsar-convention. Photo: Karel Tomeï 00_Voorwerk_040335 02-04-2004 10:25 Pagina 5
22 30 34
Activities in The Netherlands International systems for Development co-operation Boxes: environmental assesment activities • Alde Feanen rural land Boxes: Boxes: development programme • Improving the EIA system in • Sharing knowledge in the • First Rural Restructuring EIS India Knowledge and Learning reviewed • Working towards a more Platform (KLP) • Ice coring in Antartica: effective EIA system in Central • SIEPAC project, Central damaging or not? America and Mozambique America • Discussions with the • Strategic Environmental • EIS for the oil pipeline in provincial councils Assessment in Lithuania and Georgia • EIA and public support Turkey • International Commission for • River works in the • Our products and services Impact Assessment (ICIA) ‘Grensmaas’ for better environmental • EIS for Mavoco Hazardous • Westerschelde Container assessment Waste Facility Terminal and Birds Directive • Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy • Strategic Environmental Assessment in North Africa and the Middle East
Appendix 1 Advisory reports on Dutch and international projects in 2003 Appendix 2 Organizational structure Appendix 3 Members of the Commission for EIA and experts in 2003 Appendix 4 Technical secretaries and their specialists fields 00_Voorwoord_040335 25.03.2004 12:23 Pagina 6
Annual report nceia 2003 6 FOREWORD
Ladies and gentlemen, of quality remain essential features of a good system for assessing complex and controversial plans and projects. In a country like the Netherlands, where intensive use is Why? Because it is precisely these elements that ensure made of the land and environmental pressures are high, the confidence in the outcome. However, the exact timing and decoupling of economic growth from environmental way in which the instrument is used can vary per project. degradation must remain uppermost in the way we think and act. In my view, reliable information on the environ- In my opinion, a thorough EIA process at the strategic mental impacts of projects and plans makes an important level makes it possible to take a more optional approach at contribution to achieving this goal. The recently published project level, which would contribute to the desired evaluation of the Dutch system of Environmental Impact lightening of the regulative burden. Both of the evalua- Assessment (EIA) drew on the practical experiences of those tions indicate that the scoping process clearly needs im- involved in conducting and evaluating EIAs and found that proving. Quite rightly, people look to the NCEIA to help the system functions well. This evaluation was carried out bring this about. The action we are already taking to focus for the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing and the our own advice more specifically on the key points most Environment and was published in October 2003. It relevant for decision making meets this need. I invite you concluded that EIA in the Netherlands is applied well across to keep reminding us of this aim where appropriate. a broad spectrum and ensures environmental interests are properly incorporated into decision-making processes. This A successful environmental impact statement (EIS) is the conclusion backs up previous evaluations by the Evaluation result of a process that is fully integrated into the planning Commission for the Environmental Management Act. The procedure and ensures that the right (environmental) evaluation warns against dismantling the achievements of information is made available during the various steps in the the Dutch system and falling back on the minimum process. In recent years, particularly in 2003, we have gained requirements of the European Union (EU). The inadequacy experience with EIA processes that depart from the standard of a minimum approach is reinforced by an evaluation approach. Our international work always requires a tailor- conducted by the EU itself, published in June 2003, in made process that matches the social and administrative which it argues forcefully for formal quality assurance context of the country in question. But this does not make arrangements, an aspect that is not elaborated on in the basic principles redundant. Transparency, participation and directive but which has been included in the Dutch system quality of information are the foundations upon which good right from the start. There is considerable international decision making rests. These are the essential features of any interest in our system for quality assurance. If, when environmental assessment process. They guide our thinking reassessing Dutch policy, we choose to adopt a minimum on EIA in the Netherlands and our advice on EIA systems in approach in our EIA system, this would go against what is other countries, and they underpin what is considered to be being insisted upon at the European level. We would imperil good practice in environmental assessment. our mature approach to environmental issues, which is particularly important in the Netherlands. In this annual report we want to show you how we put these principles into practice in our advisory work on EIA This is not to say that everything should remain as it is. The processes and systems. pros and cons of a system introduced almost twenty years ago deserve to be subjected to a critical analysis, and this Niek Ketting, Chairman analysis should form the basis for re-evaluating and of the Netherlands Com- updating the EIA system. The body of experience mission for Environmen- accumulated by EIA practitioners means that we no longer tal Impact Assessment. need to regulate procedures in detail. In the many contacts I have had over the past year I have made the case for a more flexible, tailor-made EIA process, without strict procedural regulations. However, I do not believe this means we should undermine the quality assurance now built into the EIA system. Public consultation, from the start of the process right up to the decision, along with critical consideration of alternatives and an independent evaluation 00_Voorwoord_040335 25.03.2004 12:23 Pagina 7
7 Foreword Jaap van den Beukel Jaap van
Gerrit Blom Frans Evers Leni van Rijn-Vellekoop deputy chairperson deputy chairperson deputy chairperson
Klaas Jan Beek Hans Ouwerkerk Dick Tommel deputy chairperson deputy chairperson deputy chairperson
Ad Lansink en Dick de Zeeuw, Aad van der Velden Marieke van Rhijn ad-hoc deputy chairpersons. deputy chairperson deputy chairperson Annual report nceia 2003 8
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASS
The Netherlands Commission for Environmental Impact Assessment (NCEIA) has more than fifteen years experience with Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), which describes the environmental impacts of plans and programmes at a more strategic level. With the deadline for introducing SEA under the European directive just around the corner, now is a good time to reflect on our practical experiences so far and identify the most important lessons for the future.
Why Strategic Environmental Assessment? What is Strategic Environmental Assessment? Politicians and other decision makers are very interested Strategic Environmental Assessments are conducted for a in SEA for plans and programmes. The reason for this is variety of plans, such as sectoral plans, spatial plans and that SEA poverty reduction plans. Some SEAs focus on environ- • helps to choose for a clear policy that defines the mental information, others on integrated information on criteria for tiered decisions on project level, environmental, economic and social issues or on • ensures more efficient and faster project planning pro- sustainability. In short, SEA is not one tool, but a family of cedures, tools. • reduces the risk of overlooking promising alternatives, • avoids environmental obstacles to economic develop- Practical experience with SEA however has revealed a set ment, of ‘family values’. What all SEA systems have in common • makes plans more credible and commits government is that they aim to improve the environmental quality of authorities and other parties to implement those plans. policies and plans by ensuring that environmental
S TRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND THE WORLD BANK
In 2001 the World Bank adopted a new environmental strate- Setting up studies gy, which includes a more systematic application of SEA. The In Mozambique we are coordinating a study of existing Bank aims to learn how best to implement SEA by examining experiences with SEA and the links between EIA and related existing experiences, both within and outside the Bank, and instruments such as social and poverty impact assessment. by carrying out studies and pilot projects together with This study will be discussed in a national workshop, leading different countries. In 2003 the Bank asked the NCEIA to to an action programme for SEA in Mozambique. A similar assist with these activities. What have we done so far with project will soon be starting in Bolivia. and for the World Bank? Pilot projects Evaluation of existing experiences The NCEIA has been approached to act as independent The NCEIA is coaching Bank employees who are evaluating consultant in the SEA for electricity planning in the countries the Bank’s experiences with the use of SEA. Experience along the upper reaches of the Nile. The main thrust of the gained by other parties has been summarized by the NCEIA to NCEIA’s input is to provide government authorities and ex- provide a basis for internal workshops and clinics on the perts in these countries with practical training in SEA. subject. In addition, assistance is being given to individual Bank employees who are currently working on SEAs, for example for national development plans in Bhutan, agricul- tural plans in Kenya and forestry plans in Brazil. 01_Artikel_1_040335 02-04-2004 10:28 Pagina 9
9 Strategic environmental assessment: why and how?
S ESSMENT: WHY AND HOW?
Strategic EIA: also for reconstruction plans of rural areasH
Photo: Mark Wagenbuur
authorities and interest groups participate adequately in the process. This is only possible if the planning process is sufficiently transparent to these parties and if good quality information is available to inform discussions on the environmental aspects of plans. SEA, therefore, is a tool for ensuring that planning is always sufficiently transparent and participatory and draws on the best available information. These are the three key concepts in every SEA. The ‘family values’ mentioned above, by the way, are the same as those for a ‘normal’ EIA for specific projects. The difference lies in how they are put into practice.
How are Strategic Environmental Assessments conducted? Slowly but surely, family values are also emerging on how to conduct an SEA. One of the lessons from practical experience is that SEA should not be seen as a process in itself, but rather as an addition to the planning process, within which it is fully incorporated, with the purpose of giving more weight to the environmental and social dimensions. It is important that the people directly affected are involved in the weighing of interests during all stages of the planning process, from the problem analysis right through to monitoring. Experience teaches us that for proper consideration of the issues involved, an SEA must contain all the steps listed below because they determine how the relevant issues are carried through the planning process, and ultimately determine the quality of the final plan. 01_Artikel_1_040335 02-04-2004 10:28 Pagina 10
Annual report nceia 2003 10
The senario’s: ‘Save Space’ Save Space Create Space and ‘Create Space’ described in the spatial plan for Noord-Holland Noord H
Maps: province of Noord-Holland
SPATIAL PLAN FOR NOORD-HOLLAND NOORD
The province of Noord-Holland is preparing a ‘Spatial Plan The discussions held in the region uncovered the main for Noord-Holland Noord’. This will present a vision for the problems and provided building blocks for solutions. This spatial development of the northern half of the province to process highlighted how important it is that administrators the year 2030. The plan sets out to provide solutions to a formulate clear dilemmas which the plan makers can range of economic, social and environmental problems. translate into options with consequences for the economy, Discussions with those directly involved in the region have social aspects and the environment. Problems that prove led to two ‘realistic scenarios’: ‘Save Space’ and ‘Create difficult to overcome in both scenarios can be subjected to Space’. The provincial executive has decided to subject a creative design process to generate and illustrate both scenarios to a strategic integral impact assessment potential new solutions. It proved possible to conduct the as an input to the formulation of the final spatial plan. At Integral Assessment in a relatively short period of time the same time, the province will gain experience with the (about three months). environmental assessment of plans and programmes, which will become compulsory in 2004 under the new EU This is what the province had to say about the exercise: ‘The directive. We presented a detailed step-by-step action integrated approach was set up in such a way that it plan for the impact assessment and made a firm proposal revealed many cross-cutting links between topics such as for an assessment framework, which was adopted almost residential, employment and transport uses, agriculture, entirely by the province in its Integral Assessment. The water and climate and also between house building and the method has proved to be practicable. provision of amenities. The integrated approach ensured that the report was widely accepted among sectoral experts The province has put considerable effort into a proactive as well as administrators. Another strength of the approach approach to involve the region, not so much in a formal lay in the fact that the Integral Assessment ran in parallel sense, but throughout the process by organizing dis- with the planning process and the results were generated in cussion meetings and photograph and essay competitions. the form of recommendations for the final spatial plan.’ 11 Strategic environmental assessment: why and how?
TRANSPORT OPTIONS FOR CORRIDOR SANDS TITANIUM MINE IN CHIBUTO, MOZAMBIQUE
At the request of the Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) in Mozambique, we provided advice on the construction of infrastructure for the transport of bulk goods from a titanium smelter in Chibuto, which lies to the north of the capital city, Maputo. In view of the fact that this infrastructure was planned in a coastal zone reserved for tourism development, that other favourable mining concessions have been issued and, moreover, that the infrastructure could boost development in the region, we recommended that the decision-making should be based on an integral assessment of all interests in a SEA. The ministry adopted our advice and asked us to support the process.
An initial assessment of the process clearly showed that the ministry has been successful in organizing a transparent and participatory process. The out- comes are a long-term and short-term vision for the phased development of the infrastructure in the region and the requisite step-by-step decision- making. After establishing the strategic choices, an EIS will be presented to support the decision on the infrastructure to be developed in the short term. Future decisions will be subject to EIAs or SEAs.
Workshop on the subject of SEA in Mozambique H Photo: Reinoud Post
In the earliest stage of plan preparation: • Identify the key stakeholders and announce the start of plan preparation. • With these parties, develop a common vision of the problem, the objectives, the alternatives to be considered and the most important policy dilemmas. • Bring the relevant authorities together and perform a ‘consistency analysis’ of the plan objectives. Are they in line with the objectives of current policy? During the planning process: • Assess the environmental consequences of alternatives and policy dilemmas and document them. • Arrange effective quality assurance for the documents (in the Netherlands this is one of the tasks of the NCEIA). During plan adoption: • Based on the assessment, discuss with the previously identified stakeholders which alternative should be preferred and why. • Adopt the plan (this will, of course, be a political decision) and explain this choice in the light of the assessment and discussion. After plan adoption: • Monitor and evaluate the impacts arising from the implementation of the plan and discuss the results with the interested parties. Annual report nceia 2003 12
ADVICE ON EIA PROCESSES
Environmental impact assessment is most valuable when substantive aspects and process are geared to one another. Practical experience shows us that if the process does not run smoothly, the substantive aspects are unlikely to play a significant role. For this reason we increasingly include advises on the process of EIA in our advisory reports. Administrative bodies that are unfamiliar with EIA or that face a certain type of project for the first time may decide to ask the NCEIA for advice on the process architecture.
Process advice from the NCEIA For various projects, after due consultation with the UTRECHT STATION AREA competent authority and project proponent, we have REDEVELOPMENT included recommendations for the procedures to be followed. These are always based on the principles of The area around Utrecht Central Station, which includes transparency, participation and quality of information. the Jaarbeurs exhibition and conference centre, Hoog They focus on the points in the process when decisions Catherijne indoor shopping mall and Vredenburg concert are made by the competent authority and on delivering hall, will be demolished and will be redeveloped. This total information and expertise precisely when they are needed metamorphosis will take place in stages from 2005 to in the decision-making process. 2017, a process that will be defined in a new municipal spatial plan. Utrecht Municipal Council is preparing this Breaking down the process plan with a number of other public and private parties. The If the policy framework for a plan or project is not yet phased development of this project over a period of 12 fixed, or if there is insufficient insight into the influence years will involve numerous public authorities and private of changing economic circumstances and technological parties and is unlike any other redevelopment project. The developments, or if the initiative is not focused or detailed key question is: how can the process be made flexible enough, the process may need to be made more flexible by enough to allow a quick response to changing (economic) breaking it down into stages to make it more transparent. circumstances and technological developments? Inextri- We proposed just such a phased approach for the restruc- cably bound up with this is the question of how EIA can turing of the rural area of the Gelderse Vallei and for the make a useful contribution to the whole process. In redevelopment of the urban area of the Central Station in consultation with the project management we have Utrecht. devised a phased approach to the EIA. The EIS for the first phase describes alternatives for the For the restructuring of the rural areas of the Gelderse main layout and is linked to the debate in the municipal Vallei our advice was first to establish the full scope of the council on the master plan. An important subject for debate initiative and conduct a preliminary investigation to identify during this phase is whether or not to build over the railway the preferred alternative. A detailed plan of the proposals lines. The EIS for the second stage goes deeper into the and an alternative most favourable to the environment material and forms the basis for the detailed plans for some could then be drawn up in the second stage. Thanks to this areas in the municipal development plan. Development phased approach the final EIS was highly specific. It proposals for the remaining areas will be finalized at a later became clear during the first stage that resources were stage. These will be formalized in detailed zoning plans going to be limited because of the economic downturn. This which will include a comprehensive environmental state- meant that the alternative most favourable to the ment reviewed by the NCEIA. Widespread public consulta- environment had to be constructed mainly by reallocating tion is proposed during all stages. These provisions will do resources and activities. Specific themes identified for this justice to a dynamic planning process while retaining the alternative were acidification, water quality and water-based quality assurance provided by EIA. nature conservation because the preferred alternative proved to be deficient in these areas. 13 Advice on eia processes
EIA PROCESS GRONINGEN-MEERSTAD
‘Meerstad’ is an ambitious development programme for a new landscape in the province of Groningen to contain residential and employment locations, a large lake, recreational facilities and new natural habitats. The first phase is the master plan, which defines the main structure of the area. A voluntary EIA has been prepared for this phase. This was a wise approach because decisions taken at this level will have important consequences for the environment. The essence of the master plan is the creation of a high quality ‘blue/green framework’: a robust system of water, natural habitats and a landscape which incorporates existing historic ribbon settlements, to which new residential and employment developments can be added later.
In our review we noted that the quality of the master plan had been raised, as can be seen, for example, in the landscape design of the lake and in the quality of the water. The next stage in the planning has to answer important questions concerning the boundaries and layout of the nature areas and the water management regime. Solutions to these questions will go beyond the areas covered by the various land use plans. In the interests of maintaining the integrity of the total plan our advice for the next stage was to develop an integral plan, such as a joint land use plan by all the municipalities concerned. Soil extraction activities for which an EIA is mandatory could be included in this plan preparation procedure. Detailed plans for developments to be drawn up at a later date, such as housing developments and business parks, can then be prepared using short EIA procedures that revise and update previous studies.
Draft masterplan for Groningen-Meerstad H Map: province of Groningen Annual report nceia 2003 14
Coordination with other research of the business park. The province of Noord-Brabant has The EIA procedure can, if desired, be linked to a wider indicated that it will adopt our recommendations. goal. Take, for example, the development by the province of Noord-Brabant of the pioneering Moerdijkse Hoek Arranging public participation and using the input sustainable business park. Given the province’s high Public consultation can generate useful information, ambitions for sustainability, the NCEIA suggested including creative alternatives. This is particularly so for presenting the conclusions of studies into the social and projects that have a direct impact on the interests of economic consequences of the initiative at the same time individuals, businesses or groups. This is usually the case as the EIS. To achieve the best possible comparison, we for major projects (such as the Grensmaas river works), recommended running these studies in parallel with the decisions on locations, including route alignments, and EIS – in terms of timing, coordination and structure – for for some specific projects such as waste management example by basing them both on the same social and facilities. Phased planning processes with intermediate economic assumptions and scenarios and on the same decision moments should probably also include interme- alternatives for the design and operational management diate consultation exercises.
FAST-TRACK EIA PROCEDURE FOR SCHIPHOL
In 2003 a new set of environmental quality standards for Amsterdam Airport Schiphol came into force and the new Polderbaan runway was opened. In June 2003 it was revealed that the aviation industry had made a mistake in the input data for calculating the distribution of flights between the Polderbaan and the parallel Zwanenburgbaan runway: more flights were planned for Polderbaan than are actually possible and too few planned for Zwanenburgbaan. It is not possible to transfer flights from Polderbaan to the Zwanenburgbaan without changing the environmental limit values laid down in the legislation. The relevant criterion is that the changed environmental limits must, on balance, provide at least the same level of protection as the old ones. All this has to be decided before the summer of 2004 because otherwise there is a chance that all the environmental capacity will be ‘used up’, which would mean that the airport could handle far fewer flights than intended by opening the Polderbaan in the first place. The NCEIA and a number of other societal organisa- tions were asked by the Second Chamber of Parliament to attend a round table meeting to discuss the situation that has arisen and suggest possible solutions. An additional relevant issue was how an EIA could be conducted on amendments to the legislation. We suggested using a shortened EIA procedure to save time. The scoping guidelines could be omitted and the EIS put on display straight away, with the annotation that if the EIS addresses issues other than the errors in the input data it would be better to follow the full procedure for an EIA, with public consultation on a notification of intent. This would take more time. The Second Chamber of Parliament wanted to reduce the noise nuisance in Spaarndam as well as correcting the input data, and decided on the full EIA procedure so that all those affected have ample opportunity to make representations. Our advice on scoping guidelines was published within one month to speed up the procedure as much as possible. 15 Advice on eia processes
Schiphol and surrounding area; on the left hand side the Polderbaan and the Zwanenburgbaan ∏
Photo: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol 03_Artikel_3_040335 15.03.2004 17:04 Pagina 16
Annual report nceia 2003 16
A SMARTER SYSTEM WITH FEWER
Environmental Impact Assessment works well, according to Dutch and European evaluations, but could be better. Reports should be thinner and focus on the most controversial issues affecting the decision making, and the process should be more flexible. We must work towards a new system of environmental assessment that is better equipped for the future: a smarter system with fewer rules and stronger application of the principles of good governance, that can be tailored to the needs of each decision-making procedure. The challenge is to do this while at the same time retaining the core qualities of public participation, alternatives, independent advice and review, and reasoned grounds for the final decision.
EIA works well – but can work better Of course, improvements can be made. All parties In line with the Government’s policy of cutting back needless concerned should ensure that EISs focus more on the regulations, the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing and essentials and are shorter and more readable. This has the Environment launched a review of its own regulations, been an issue for some years now, but we took this further including those on EIA. In a preparatory step, EIA as an in 2003 by developing an ‘above and below the line’ administrative tool has been evaluated for effectiveness and approach, in which an aspect is only examined if it is efficiency. The general impression is that environmental relevant to the decision and not just for the sake of being impact statements (EISs) clearly reflect the environmental ‘complete’. interests at stake and that EIA remains necessary for its substantive contribution and not just because it is obligatory A shift from projects to policy … under European legislation. The authors of the review One of the recommendations in the evaluation is to slim consider that deregulation aimed purely at meeting the down EIAs for licences issued under the Environmental minimum European requirements is not a sensible option. Management Act. The added value of the meticulous EIA The risk of doing more harm than good is considerable. It is procedure for these licences is relatively limited; the strict highly questionable, for example, that a decentralization of legislation leaves little room for alternative options, one of powers and changes to working procedures would in fact the core features of an EIA. The NCEIA’s role in these lead to the intended lightening of the administrative burden. procedures could be optional. EIA is also of limited value
EIA ON THE MAIN ISSUES
‘EIA on the main issues’ was a prominent item on our agenda for 2003. The goal is to focus more closely on the topics relevant to administrators and the public. Better scoping should lead to a more efficient EIA system. This has resulted in the following working procedures within the NCEIA’s secretariat: for each specialist field an analysis is made of the environmental aspects ‘above the line’ (always important), those ‘below the line’ (never important) and those which are specific to the project. In the scoping phase the discussion starts with the ‘minimum line’: only those aspects above the line and the relevant project-specific aspects are covered in the scoping guidelines. A strong case has to be made for including more information, and any additional information will have to be significant for the decision making. In our scoping guidelines we respond to the notification of intent: we review the proposed approach and information to be included in the EIS and indicate what needs to be added and what can be disregarded. We attempt to involve administrators more actively in this process (for example by encouraging them to join us on our site visits) and we question competent authorities more closely on the main issues to be covered by the EIA and on the administrative context. Competent authorities have, in general, reacted positively to this method of working. However, it is too early to draw any conclusions on the effects this has on the decision making. 17 A smarter system with fewer rules
RULES
Photo: Piet Janse J Examples of choices that have far-reaching environmental consequences: Space for Rivers…
the core features of an EIA. The NCEIA’s role in these procedures could be optional. EIA is also of limited value for projects such as multiplex cinemas or optimizing the use of existing motorways. In contrast, the value of EIA in spatial planning is widely recognized.
Administrators indicate that EIA in the Netherlands is applied too late, when numerous strategic decisions have already been taken. Their wish is to implement EIA at the highest possible level of abstraction, and at the least to link it to decisions on the location of proposed developments. We endorse this view. A big advantage of an environmental assessment early on in the process is that at a later stage, when detailed development proposals are put forward, the scope of the EIA can be narrower and involve less study.
… and fewer needless rules We think it is time to abandon many of the current procedural rules. These regulations make it hard to tailor individual EIAs to specific situations. A golf course and a major land reclamation project for industrial and port activities are totally different projects, but at the moment require the same EIA procedure. ‘Back then we wrote down how you had to work the 03_Artikel_3_040335 15.03.2004 17:04 Pagina 18
Annual report nceia 2003 18
Photo: Havenbedrijf Rotterdam N.V.
J …and the Second Maasvlakte
pedals and ring the bell, but the people we did that for now weak in many member states and need to be improved. The know how to ride a bike. The parties involved can now European Commission has a more formal regulation on discuss a project and decide on an appropriate form of quality assurance in mind, in which experts give their environmental assessment,’ wrote the NCEIA’s chairman, opinion on the quality of the information contained in EISs. Niek Ketting, in the Government Gazette (5 November According to the European Commission, the lack of a 2003). Procedural rules can remain in place for those who formal regulation on reviewing environmental information are less experienced in EIA, but in the form of non- makes EIA procedures less effective than they should be. statutory guidelines. This will avoid reinventing the wheel each time and so lighten the administrative burden. The systems of quality assurance currently in place in the member states differ widely. A few member states, such as Europe: more attention to quality Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands, have introduced In June 2003 the European Commission published an precisely defined quality control steps within a formal evaluation of the EIA directive. In its report it noted that framework for review which involves input from external member states still had to amend certain sections of their experts. Other member states, such as Germany, France relevant legislation, for example to introduce the correct and Greece, have no quality assurance requirements and threshold values and to take full account of cumulative leave decisions on the correctness and completeness of the impacts. Moreover, provisions for quality assurance are too environmental information to the competent authority. 19 A smarter system with fewer rules
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) The European Union has instructed the member states to implement a new directive on Strategic Environmental Assessment before the end of July 2004. The aim of this directive is to ensure that full account is taken of the environmental implications of plans drawn up prior to project proposals for which an EIA is mandatory and which set conditions, such as defining search areas or identifying project locations. An SEA is also required for plans that may have consequences for conservation areas under the Birds and Habitats Directives (which make up Natura 2000, the European ecological network). The view of the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing and the Environment is that introduction of SEA will require close coordination with EIA procedures because some of the decisions for which EIA is now mandatory will fall under the SEA regime. Moreover, SEA will have to be a high quality policy tool. A number of key questions arise: At what point should the public be involved? When will independent quality assurance be needed?, and When should alternatives be investigated? SEA is also seen as an important step towards an integral assessment of ecological, economic and social aspects: a sustainability assessment.
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
Experiments are underway at national level with sustainability have to be developed in co-operation with stakeholders in assessment (or sustainable development assessment) of a wider social process. Plans and projects will have to be plans and projects. The NCEIA is participating in the Sounding assessed against these goals. Board formed to advise on these experiments. The Association of the Provinces (IPO) is also preparing experiments with The approach described above formed the starting point sustainability assessment at regional level. The provinces are for our advisory reports on the Moerdijkse Hoek considering asking the NCEIA to contribute, primarily to sustainable business park, the Development Plan for guarantee the quality of the substantive information and Noord-Holland Noord, the Utrecht Regional Structure Plan ensure that the procedural arrangements are in order. The and the ‘Hof van Twente’ recreational complex. For the harmonization of sustainability assessment with EIA is Moerdijkse Hoek business park we asked that the EIS another important consideration. In anticipation of the specifically examine the consequences of the business outcome of these experiments we will – if asked by the park for economic development on the local, regional and competent authorities concerned – attempt to take on board national scales and the short-term and long-term existing ideas about sustainability assessment when consequences for the existing facilities and amenities preparing our advice. (housing, shops, education, social services and health care facilities, recreational amenities). Sustainability assessment is all about identifying whether a plan or project will benefit the economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability. The risks of passing impacts Economy Environment Society on to future generations or other regions should also be Here and now stated. This clarifies the main dilemmas in the decision Later making process. We consider the 3x3 matrix (see below) Elsewhere developed for the National Strategy for Sustainable Development (NSSD) to be a good tool for sustainability The NSSD matrix as developed in the National Strategy for assessment. As few policies or concrete goals for sustainable Sustainable Development (Ministry VROM, 2002) development have yet been developed, these will, as a rule, 03_Artikel_3_040335 25.03.2004 13:29 Pagina 20
Annual report nceia 2003 20
G Licences in the framework of the Environmental Management Act: little scope for alternative options.
Photo:Twence B.V.
Abandon the unnecessary, keep what is needed The NCEIA has developed a vision for the future of SEA and EIA: in future there should be one tool for environmental assessment. Decisions with the most far-reaching consequences for the environment are made in policy plans and location decisions. Legal quality requirements for the decision making process should therefore concentrate on these plans and decisions: public participation at the start of the process and when the environmental report is ready, alternatives, independent advice and solid motivation of the decision. Environmental assessments for tiered decisions at project level can then be simpler. Even the procedural rules can be largely abandoned, as well as the mandatory EIA for some types of project that have little impact on the environment. The result will be a high quality system which is anchored to processes at the right level, which guarantees legal certainty for all parties and which delivers real reductions in the administrative burden on businesses and government authorities.
GBetter use of existing motor- ways: the added value of EIA Photo: Nicole van Buren is limited 21 A smarter system with fewer rules
THE NCEIA’S VISION: CONCENTRATE QUALITY CRITERIA AT A STRATEGIC LEVEL
Present Future
EIA Policy plans Scoping: •Participation
• Waste •Independent Pr ocedural rules • Drinking water advice • Raw materials Report: •Alternatives • ... Review: •Participation Environmental Assessment •Independent advice Scoping: •Participation Decision: •Motivation •Independent advice none Report: •Alternatives Location decisions EIA Review : •Participation • Regional plan Scoping: •Participation •Independent
• Route alignment •Independent Pr advice ocedural rules decisions advice Decision : •Motivation • Spatial planning key Report: •Alternatives decisions Review: •Participation • Restructuring •Independent • ... advice Decision: •Motivation
Implementation EIA Environmental Assessment • Local land useplan Scoping: •Participation
• Licence under the •Independent Pr Scoping: •Participation ocedural rules Environmental advice •Independent Management Act Report: •Alternatives advice none • Other licences Review : •Participation Report : •Alternatives • ... •Independent Review : •Participation advice •Independent Decision : •Motivation advice Decision : •Motivation
Legal obligation
Option Annual report nceia 2003 22
ACTIVITIES IN THE NETHERLANDS
In 2003 we issued more advisory reports than in the previous year. Over the last five years we have provided more advice to municipal councils and less to provincial councils. Following the peak in 2002, the proportion of environmental impact statements that required supplementary information has fallen back to the average percentage of the previous years. The evaluation of our advisory work revealed that in 90% of cases the competent authorities were satisfied with the quality and usefulness of our advice and the speed at which we delivered it.
Trends Scoping guidelines Number and type of projects In 2003 the NCEIA issued 87 scoping guidelines. In these In 2003 the NCEIA issued 160 advisory reports, slightly guidelines we often raised points not covered by the more than in 2002 (157) and 2001 (141). A striking notification of intent: development is the increase in the number of advisory 1. Relevant alternatives not mentioned in the notification reports submitted to municipal councils over the last five of intent. years. During the same period the number of advisory 2. Need to prioritize environmental impacts and methods reports to provincial councils has declined. for identifying environmental impacts. 3. Reasons for the need and purpose of the proposal and the choice of location.
Wind turbines H
Photo: Piet Janse
Photo: Piet Janse GGreenhouse production 23 Activities in the netherlands
Number of Dutch advisory reports per year
200
150
100
50
0
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 until 1986
Scoping guidelines Advisory reviews Other advisory reviews
J Development overview of the total of advisory reports published in the period 1986-2003
In our scoping guidelines we try to provide tailor-made advice based on the notification of intent and based on what the competent authorities need to make the EIS useful and to come to a good decision. If the notification of intent already provides a good indication of the topics the EIS should address we will not repeat this in our scoping guidelines. We are careful to draw a distinction between main and secondary issues. If the notification of intent is scanty, or if the competent authority so wishes, we will provide full scoping guidelines with a specification of the main and secondary issues.
In 2003 three notifications of intent were evaluated as if they were draft EISs. The scoping guidelines for these projects indicate which points had to be expanded on in the EIS. This led to a considerable speeding up of the process: in these cases the time between the publication of the notification of intent and the publication of the advisory review of the EIS was just three to four months, which is shorter than the average time for other projects. 04_Artikel_4_040335 02-04-2004 10:31 Pagina 24
Annual report nceia 2003 24
supplementary information. In only two cases was the ALDE FEANEN RURAL LAND supplementary information put on display, allowing us to DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME consider the representations in our review.
One of the EISs for which we recommended that supple- The essential shortcomings we identify in EISs almost mentary information should be provided was for the Alde always fall into one or more of the following categories: Feanan rural land development programme. We asked for • A relevant alternative is lacking or presented in an elaboration of one of the alternatives, which turned out insufficient detail. to support the proponent’s goals. The alternative descri- • The environmental impacts of alternatives are not bed in the EIS proved to be outdated and the alternative described in enough detail. These cases often involve we proposed was better suited to the proponent’s requi- impacts on water and nature, and less frequently rements for recreational development. It also proved to be involve traffic or impacts on the quality of the living better for the environment. environment (noise, odours, light). • The claims on space or choice of location are given too little attention. • The summary does not accurately reflect the key Advisory review and supplementary information elements in the EIS and cannot be read as an In 2003 the NCEIA issued 66 advisory reviews. In more independent document. than 60% of these reviews we concluded that the content of the EIS was sufficient. Essential shortcomings were noted The following reasons for requiring supplementary in about 40% of the reviewed EISs. Most of these projects information were given by competent authorities: finally received a positive review after supplementary • The importance of the description of a particular information was provided. If the competent authority asks alternative was not recognized, or the alternative us to delay issuing our advisory review, until the sup- concerned would not be politically advisable. plementary information is available, we comply with their • The EIS has been prepared too quickly or with an request. Last year we introduced a maximum delay of six insufficient budget. weeks in order to keep procedures transparent and avoid keeping the public waiting for our advice. Preliminary reviews In recent years we have evaluated many draft EISs and The percentage of EISs requiring supplementary infor- provided a preliminary review. In 2003 the number of mation in 2003 (40%) was lower than in 2002 (50%). This preliminary reviews fell to four. In all cases, the preliminary puts 2003 in line with previous years. Surprisingly, almost review was a valuable exercise because the subsequent EISs none of the supplementary reports were put on public contained better quality information on a number of display during the review period, despite the fact that this is important points. In three cases we found that the report recommended in the environment ministry’s guidance on contained sufficient information to support the decision
FIRST RURAL RESTRUCTURING EIS REVIEWED
Following the adoption of the Restructuring Act a number of ‘rural restructuring EIAs’ were initiated in the provinces of Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Gelderland and Overijssel. The EIS for North and Central Limburg was the first (and only) one to be reviewed by the NCEIA in 2003; the remainder will be completed in 2004. The NCEIA takes a positive view of the approach taken and the content of the EIS, which has had a significant impact on the Draft Restructuring Plan. The restructuring does not provide a definite solution to the problems of veterinary safety or impacts on nature, odour nuisance and water quality. This requires more time, further elaboration of the plan and, for certain aspects, the use of other policy instruments. On these aspects the EIS contains honest and realistic information. It meets the stated requirements. 04_Artikel_4_040335 02-04-2004 10:31 Pagina 25
25 Activities in the netherlands
Ice coring samples taken from Lake Vostok H
Russian research station near Lake Vostok, Antarctica I
Photos: National Science Foundation
ICE CORING IN ANTARCTICA: DAMAGING OR NOT?
Lake Vostok lies almost four kilometres under the • Is it useful and/or necessary to drill right through Antarctic ice sheet. Russian scientists are interested in the ice sheet, given the fact that the deepest section what forms of life may be present in this deeply buried of the existing borehole already contains lake water? lake. So far they have been examining samples from the • The risk of pollution has been underestimated. Any ice sheet, but now they want to drill deeper into the leaks of drilling fluid will accumulate at the ice-water water of the lake itself. A Russian research team has interface, precisely where the greatest biological prepared an environmental report on these planned activity can be expected. activities, in which they concluded that this deep • To limit the risks it would be sensible to work in an drilling will have no or negligible environmental international team, which would allow expertise and impacts and that the chance of the lake water becoming advanced technology available elsewhere to be contaminated with drilling fluid (a mixture of kerosene used. and freon) is very small. The Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing and the At the request of the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Environment has adopted our recommendations and Housing and the Environment, the NCEIA has evaluated presented them in international discussions on this environmental report. Our main comments were: Antarctica. 04_Artikel_4_040335 02-04-2004 10:31 Pagina 26
Annual report nceia 2003 26
DISCUSSIONS WITH THE PROVINCIAL COUNCILS
In 2003 we held a further round of meetings with the • There is no single explanation for the peak number of sup- provincial councils and evaluated our advisory reports on the plementary reports in 2002. Limited budgets probably projects conducted during the past three years. The main played a role. The provinces do not have the impression conclusions, in brief, are: that we set higher standards than in the past. • In general, the provinces hold the NCEIA’s work in high • The provinces consider informal preliminary reviews of esteem; they acknowledge and commend the flexible draft EISs to be useful. The NCEIA’s expertise can be used approach we advocate. to greater effect through more intensive contact in the • Important points for improvement are: do not demand so period before the publication of the final EIS. We look much detail and pay more attention to the administrative favourably on requests to share ideas during the course of context. Our current ‘EIA on the main issues’ campaign the preparation of the EIS, as long as this does not com- addresses this issue. promise our independence.
making. The policy of taking a more selective approach to • the proposed approach to conducting the whole preliminary reviews, which we introduced in 2002, and process, better communication of the seriousness of the shortco- • the critical but helpful and informal attitude adopted by mings in the preliminary review appear to have borne fruit. the NCEIA.
Interim reviews In one case our advice was considered to be too detailed In addition to the reviews and informal preliminary and in another that we paid too little attention to an aspect reviews, we also provide interim advice (at various times considered to be relevant. Some responses suggested that during the course of the EIA process). Where decisions are the distinction between the main and secondary issues made in stages, we can issue interim advice when a decision was not clear enough. (formal or informal) has to be taken, for example on reducing the number of alternatives. In contrast to the How are our advisory reviews and the requested supplemen- informal preliminary reviews, these interim reviews are tary information received? always made public. This is important because in our If we ask for additional information in our review, the opinion all interested parties should be aware of the competent authority usually adopts this advice. Competent NCEIA’s opinions on the quality of the information upon authorities think that the supplementary information which the interim decision is based. provides a more solid basis for the final decision and makes it easier to follow the reasoning involved. In just a Evaluation of our advice few cases the competent authority considered the request For each project we record whether our recommendations for supplementary information to be logical, but had the have been incorporated into the adopted scoping guidelines impression that it had no additional value. or in the final decision, and whether the competent authority was satisfied with our advice and the advisory process. Again, in about 90% of cases the competent authority was satisfied with the advice, in particular How are our scoping guidelines received? • the reasoning behind our judgement, Three-quarters of the NCEIA’s scoping guidelines issued in • the focus on the main issues, 2003 were adopted in their entirety by the competent • the recommendations regarding the decision or further authority in their scoping report. In almost 90% of cases plan development. the competent authority was satisfied with our advice and the advisory process. The most positive reactions concerned In one case our advice was considered to be too wide- • the suggestions made for developing alternatives, ranging and detailed and the recommendations too • the clear distinction between the main and secondary weighty. Suggestions for improvement were to be more issues, selective in making recommendations and to go into less 04_Artikel_4_040335 02-04-2004 10:31 Pagina 27
27 Activities in the netherlands
Photo: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
EIA AND PUBLIC SUPPORT
In 2002 an EIS had to be prepared for the ‘Waalsprong’, a proposed new housing district near Nijmegen. Under pressure from the ‘De Groene Long’ action group, the Council of State ordered all construction work to cease in May 2001. The EIS published in 1992 had been prepared for the wrong decision and so it did not formally meet the requirements of the mandatory EIS. The new EIA procedure was used to establish good contacts with the members of the public who thought that the area was too valuable to be developed for housing. The EIS examined the issues of J Waalsprong near importance to them at great length, which made it a weighty document. Nijmegen Nevertheless, our review was positive and we thought that the plan had been improved as a result of the new procedure. This time there were hardly any representations. The city council hopes that the construction of the Waalsprong can now proceed without any further delay.
Paul Depla (an alderman of Nijmegen City Council): ‘The plan for Waalsprong has emerged from the Environmental Impact Assessment in a more mature and robust form. We turned the freeze on building into an advantage.’ 04_Artikel_4_040335 02-04-2004 10:31 Pagina 28
Annual report nceia 2003 28
Grensmaas H
RIVER WORKS IN THE ‘GRENSMAAS’ Photo: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
The ‘Grensmaas’ project involves river works, nature development and gravel extraction in the stretch of the detail. These comments underline the need for tailoring Meuse river that runs along the border between our advice to the needs of each case. Belgium and the Netherlands. To make implementation of the project affordable the new plan from 2002 What do the decisions contain? included more gravel extraction than the old plan from About three-quarters of the decisions on projects for 1998. This led to increased opposition from residents in which EIA is mandatory incorporated the main the area. Because the new plan was the result of years recommendations – or at least most of them – contained of intensive negotiation between officials, gravel com- in our review. In general, our recommendations are panies and interested parties, the administrators saw considered to be useful; they provide an extra incentive to little room for manoeuvre. Public comments however, re-examine the issues raised when coming to a decision or did identify some possibilities for amending the plan during the further planning process. Why are our and came up with their own interpretation: a ‘stripped recommendations sometimes not adopted? Competent down alternative’, with less gravel extraction, fewer authorities often mention that they think these environmental impacts and greater public support. On recommendations are not yet applicable to the decision at our advice, the compilers of the EIS worked this idea up hand, but that they will take them on board at a later stage. well in a supplement to the EIS. Unfortunately, owing to differences of opinion with the European Commission, Biodiversity and the use of protection formulas it is not yet clear whether the officials will be able to In our 2002 Annual Report we mentioned that we are make use of this new information. busy developing ways of including biodiversity issues in our advisory reports. We have adopted the following Mr Geerlings, representing the Schipperskerk action policy. group: ‘We are convinced that investigation of this stripped down alternative will improve the quality of Species information the decision making process.’ The EIS should list the target species affected by the Mr Vestjens, member of the Limburg Provincial Exe- proposal. Target species are rare plant and animal species cutive: ‘Although we were under intense pressure, I whose Dutch populations display a downward trend in thought that the supplement to the EIS was numbers and are relatively important for the necessary. All the information we need is now at our conservation of the species as a whole. The impacts on disposal. There should be no doubt about this, these selected target species must be described in notwithstanding the time pressure.’ qualitative and quantitative terms. The EIS should examine whether the populations of these species will be significantly harmed. If the EIS also forms the basis for P 04_Artikel_4_040335 02-04-2004 10:31 Pagina 29
29 Activities in the netherlands
an application concerning an exemption under the Dutch Flora and Fauna Act, it must contain a full list of species.
Area information It should be clear whether the study area contains, or is located near, any protected areas which form part of the National Ecological Network or are designated under the European Habitats or Birds Directives. If so, the following questions need to be answered: 1. Could any significant impacts arise? 2. If so, are there any reasonable alternatives? 3. If so, are there any major public interests at stake? 4. If so, how can the impacts be compensated?
In all cases, the EIS must provide answers to the first two questions. To answer these questions it will almost always be necessary to analyse the landscape ecological system.
WESTERSCHELDE CONTAINER TERMINAL AND BIRDS DIRECTIVE
The Zeeland Provincial Executive wants to build a other economic activities as well as the container new container terminal in Vlissingen. The EIS terminal. In the absence of other realistic options devoted attention to how the impacts on the that do not damage the Special Protection Area, Westerschelde - Designed Special Protection Area consideration should have been given to areas under the Birds Directive - can be minimized or outside the province. The Province of Zeeland is prevented. The Administrative Judicial Review now investigating, with our assistance, how the Division of the Council of State has evaluated the requirements arising from the Birds and Habitats project. The Council of State decided that, in view Directives can be met. The outcome of this study of the project’s objective of creating employment can be used to respond better to issues affecting in the province, the EIS should have considered protected areas in future.
GPort of Vlissingen including the location where the Westerschel- de Container Terminal has been planned.
Photo: province of Zeeland 05_Artikel_5_040335 02-04-2004 10:34 Pagina 30
Annual report nceia 2003 30
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS FOR ENV
For some years we have been advising countries on the set-up of their EIA systems, mostly for environmental assess- ment at project level. The main aim is to improve their effectiveness. Many countries now want to introduce Strategic Environmental Assessment for plans and policies, the next step in the development of environmental assessment. Enough practical experience has already been gained to enable us to draw up a list of dos and don’ts, both for projects and at strategic level.
Basic principles coordinate and assess them. For Strategic Environmental Assessments as well as • Independent quality control of the EIA process and the Environmental Impact Assessment of projects the challenge EIS is lacking. is to embed the principles of good governance within the • Weak or absent monitoring and enforcement mean environmental assessment system. These basic principles of that provisions for protecting the environment participation, transparency and quality of information should included in the EIS and the licence are slow, or fail to be interpreted and expressed in a manner appropriate for get off the ground. each country. After all, the effectiveness of environmental assessment depends strongly on the administrative and social Some problems can be solved, for example with the context, which varies considerably between countries. The implementation of legislation and regulations. Other nature of the assessment (sector plans, spatial plans, poverty issues can only partially be influenced by improvements reduction plans, etc.) is also important when deciding on the of the EIA system, such as the position of the best approach to take. We co-operate with consultancies and environment ministry, the legal system and the training institutes when drawing up our advice. administrative culture. We discuss the results of the analysis and possible solutions with representatives from Environmental assessment of projects government, the business community and NGOs and this In most cases the environment ministry of the country forms the basis for the improvement plan. concerned asks us to evaluate their EIA system. We do this in three stages: Improving the system 1. Analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the existing In close co-operation with the responsible authorities we EIA system. develop basic elements for a new system that have a good 2. Develop a plan for improving the system. chance of working well. An important starting point for 3. Draw up an implementation programme. designing a new system is the number of people available within the government authorities to keep the process Analysis of strengths and weaknesses moving. This capacity determines the number of good For the analysis of strengths and weaknesses we interview quality EIAs that can be implemented, whereas the representatives from the government, the business screening criteria determine how many EIAs will be community and NGOs. From these discussions we can necessary. Getting this balance right is the key to quickly identify where the main practical difficulties lie. obtaining a good match between supply and demand. For example: • In many countries EIA is synonymous with Another basic element is the role that public participation environmental licensing; alternatives are not explored. can or should play in the EIA process. For EIA processes • The effectiveness of EIA depends strongly on factors that do not yet incorporate participation the most that are difficult to influence, such as the admini- promising approach is to introduce provisions for strative culture and the level of democracy. participation in stages. In these cases we often recommend • There tends to be a discrepancy between the number of starting with public consultation during the review stage EIA procedures and the number of people available to and extending this to the scoping stage later on. 05_Artikel_5_040335 02-04-2004 10:34 Pagina 31
31 International systems for environmental assessment
NVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
GWood transhipment in an Indian harbour
Photo: Ministry of External Affairs, India IMPROVING THE EIA SYSTEM IN INDIA
Implementing the programme Since the end of 2002 we have been advising the Ministry of The final element is drawing up and supervising Environment and Forests in India on amending the current the introduction of an implementation system for EIA. We commented on the problem analysis carried programme. This generally contains the out by a local research consultancy, advised on the feasibility of following elements: the improved EIA system proposed by this consultancy and • Amendments to the legislation (including looked into possible ways to improve the transparency and handbook and guidelines). customer orientation. We also gave advice on drafting the list of • Changes to management structures and projects subject to mandatory EIA, incorporating biodiversity allocation of responsibilities. considerations into EIA, preparing scoping guidelines, • Training of the various groups involved in investigating alternatives, strengthening public participation EIA, such as the competent authorities, those and improving the review process. who compile EISs and NGO’s. The new system is usually ‘road tested’ with those in- volved in one or more pilot projects.
Environmental assessment of plans and policies A growing number of countries want to introduce Strategic Environmental Assessment for plans and policies (SEA). This often begins with pilot projects, but sometimes governments want to legislate for this form of environmental assessment straight away. The countries joining the European Union will have to amend their environmental legislation to bring it up to European standards very quickly indeed. Lithuania, one of the countries joining the EU in May 2004, is now busy preparing legislation for the Strategic Environmental Assessment of plans and programmes. Many Arab countries prefer a gradual increase in the use of SEA and do not want to introduce legislation just yet. National contexts and ambitions differ. A custom- built procedure is essential. This involves three steps: 05_Artikel_5_040335 02-04-2004 10:34 Pagina 32
Annual report nceia 2003 32
WORKING TOWARDS A MORE EFFECTIVE EIA SYSTEM IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND MOZAMBIQUE Regional meeting of EIA directors in Central America I The Commission has for some years been involved in the harmonization of existing EIA systems in the Central American countries of Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Guatemala. In 2003 we started to support these countries with the implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment. We are working closely with the Ministry for the Co-ordination of Environmental Affairs in Mozambique to make the EIA system more effective. Besides the changes to the legislation, joint EIA pilot projects are being carried out, which provides welcome training for those responsible for carrying out EIA in practice.
Photo: Ineke Steinhauer
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN LITHUANIA AND TURKEY
In Lithuania and Turkey the Commission is working with a number of consultancies on ideas for introducing Strategic Environmental Assessment. We are reviewing the safeguards which are already included in the planning procedures in these countries, for example in their development planning systems, and the need for additional provisions to meet the requirements of the European Union.
In the existing systems the environment ministry plays a central role as competent authority, with the Field mission to the power to approve or reject projects on the basis of an EIS. We recommend placing this authority with the surrounding region of ministries responsible for the relevant plans because they are the ones who have to take the Antalya, Turkey I environmental information into account when coming to a decision. The role of the environment ministry would then be as a statutory adviser whose input carries considerable weight.
Quality assurance is also currently the responsibility of the environment ministries. Because they have limited capacity and their expertise mainly covers the ‘grey’ environment (pollution issues), a realistic option that would enable them to satisfactorily fulfil their role of statutory adviser is to call upon external consultants more often than is currently the case when assessing project proposals. We are drawing up a list of conditions under which this could be arranged in practice.
Compared to EIA, SEA requires a more open system that fits better into existing planning processes. In close co-operation with the counterparts this approach is elaborated in draft legislation and guidelines. The pilot projects on the recreational development of the Antalya region in Turkey and the spatial plan for the Klaipeda district in Lithuania will show whether this approach is workable or not. Photo: Patrick Mulder, Witteveen en Bos 05_Artikel_5_040335 02-04-2004 10:34 Pagina 33
33 International systems for environmental assessment
1. Obtain insight into how plans and policies are drawn up in the country– the planning culture. 2. Evaluate and select the options for SEA and work these up into a programme. 3. Provide assistance with drawing up an implementation plan.
Insight into the planning culture Each country develops plans and policies in its own unique way. In some countries public participation is actively encouraged, in others it is almost absent. Some countries have a highly centralized planning system; others devolve considerable responsibilities to lower tier authorities. This type of information needs to be collected and analysed before SEA can be introduced.
Select a model for Strategic Environmental Assessment The next step is to determine what the parties involved want. Roughly speaking, they can choose between a number of options: voluntary or mandatory SEA, the environment minister as decision maker or adviser, and a gradual or quick introduction. Here are some examples of factors that determine the choice of model: • Position and ambition of the environment ministry • Importance attached to the environment by the government • Experience with environmental assessment for projects • Planning culture • Tradition of and experience with participation
The most promising model is elaborated and a programme drawn up for its introduction.
Introduction of Strategic Environmental Assessment The Commission can act as a sounding board during the introduction of Strategic Environmental Assessment. We can also provide training in quality assurance.
OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Projects • Analysis of the existing EIA system for projects; at the moment we are deve- loping a set of guidelines for such an analysis • Assistance with developing a better system; a toolkit with concrete ideas and suggestions is being assembled • Help with practical training
Plans and policies • Analysis of the existing planning system • Assistance with developing a country-specific model SEA • Help with training during the introduction of SEA 06_Artikel_6_040335 02-04-2004 10:36 Pagina 34
Annual report nceia 2003 34
DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION
In 2003, ten years after we began our activities in support of Dutch development co-operation, the emphasis was on strengthening EIA programmes and the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment. Many, often international, donors give financial support for the preparation of national policies for integrated poverty reduction and the sectoral programmes arising from these policies. This raises the demand for Strategic Environmental Assessments compared with the demand for project EIAs. We provide long-term structural assistance in three regions of the world: Central America, Asia and Africa. The NCEIA also aims to establish structural support in other countries with which the Directorate General for International Co-operation has a development relationship.
What is structural support? This year we were involved in workshops on SEA in Structural support aims to strengthen local EIA systems Nicaragua, Guatemala and Costa Rica. At the request of the and support the establishment of Strategic Environmental president of Nicaragua we held a meeting with the council Assessment (SEA). If the need arises, we also give advice of ministers and top civil servants. We have received on EIAs for complex and controversial projects, exchange requests from Panama, Honduras and El Salvador to take information and work together in the ‘Knowledge and part in similar workshops. Guatemala has now adopted Learning Platform’ (KLP). SEA in their EIA legislation and Costa Rica intends to do the same in 2004. Guatemala has also asked us to assist with Central America the implementation of an SEA on the free trade agreement We have been working with the Central American between the United States and Central America. Commission for Environment and Development (CCAD) and the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation As part of the ‘Plan Puebla Panamá’ regional development of Nature) since 2001. This involves support for regional project, a NCEIA working group has drawn up scoping projects, strengthening national EIA systems and the guidelines for the transboundary impacts of the SIEPAC, harmonization of these systems. a high voltage transmission line through Central America. Although this project is not anticipated to have any major
SHARING KNOWLEDGE IN THE KNOWLEDGE AND LEARNING PLATFORM (KLP)
Although we are not the only organization with Learning Platform for EIA in developing countries. In the knowledge about environmental assessment, the fact is KLP we are working to that time and again our independent position and • make expertise and information more accessible via extensive experience are the major reasons why we are the internet, beginning with a database on SEA and approached to provide answers to numerous questions. an international newsletter, Some of the answers to these questions are already • establish an ‘ask the experts’ service for SEA, EIA documented, but most of our expertise and experience and EIA systems, is in the heads of our working group secretaries. To • set up a network with EIA centres in developing support our international co-operation activities a start countries to make experiences available to others. has been made with making this expertise more readily In addition to these services, we remain committed to available through the establishment of a Knowledge and providing tailor-made advice. 06_Artikel_6_040335 02-04-2004 10:36 Pagina 35
35 Development co-operation activities
Development co-operation activities N ACTIVITIES
Photo: Ineke Steinhauer
SIEPAC PROJECT, CENTRAL AMERICA
The construction of a high voltage transmission line along an 1800-kilometre route through six countries will lower electricity prices, provide a better service and ensure regional complementarity between energy resources. JField mission to the However, our review of the EIS for this SIEPAC project revealed that strategic SIEPAC project questions had not been addressed. For example, how can a relatively small project (300 MW capacity, in relation to a total installed capacity of 6500 MW) achieve the stated goals? And how can SIEPAC ensure regional complemen- tarity in energy generation and the associated environmental consequences? The EIS contained no scenarios for the relation between the use of hydro- power and thermoelectric power generation.
In addition, the route corridor had already been fixed without any clear supporting argumentation. We recommended presenting three alternatives: the autonomous development, the preferred alternative and an alternative that makes the best contribution to social and environmental objectives. We indicated the criteria that are important from an ecological point of view (habitat fragmentation, migratory birds), a social point of view (in particular backward border regions with few facilities/infrastructure and areas with indigenous people) and from the perspective of natural risks (volcanic activity, earthquakes and flooding). 06_Artikel_6_040335 02-04-2004 10:36 Pagina 36
Annual report nceia 2003 36
impacts, a number of complex and environmentally Colombo is financing an environmental programme. This damaging projects are in the pipeline, such as is the time to ensure that environmental aspects are improvements to the Central American road network. In considered when making decisions on plans and projects. July 2003 the eight Central American environment The environmental programme, which is being ministers signed an agreement which states that ‘a implemented by the Ministry of the Environment and Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Plan Puebla Natural Resources, focuses on the environment as a sector Panamá could be completed with advice from the Dutch and on strengthening the institutional capacity of the Commission for Environmental Impact Assessment, in ministry itself. We have been asked to help with coordination with the technical Committee for EIA of the establishing cooperative arrangements with Dutch CCAD.’ research institutes and knowledge centres, including the Commission for EIA itself. We are at the beginning of a Much has been achieved in recent years: a handbook on more permanent working relationship with Sri Lanka, EIA, including quality assurance, has been developed, the which, at the request of the ministry, started with a critical purpose and role of public participation have become clear, analysis of the EIA system and the procedures for CCAD guidelines for harmonization have been drawn up granting environmental licences. and a start has been made with the introduction of SEA. We have been invited by the Indian Ministry of Environ- Vladimir Bonilla, the Guatemalan Minister for Environ- ment and Forests to provide assistance with improving ment and Natural Resources: ‘The last few years have their existing EIA system. This project, which is financed been fruitful; the Technical Committee for EIA has by the World Bank, began in 2002 and is planned for become stronger and more visible as one of the most completion in 2004. Indian consultants have analysed the important committees within the CCAD.’ Based on existing system and made proposals for improvement. We these results, a second phase has now been formulated provided them with information on the Dutch EIA system (2004–2006) for which funding has been promised. and international experiences. The result is a new national The second phase will concentrate on public partici- EIA manual and six sectoral guidelines. We have reviewed pation, SEA and the relation between EIA and poverty the national guidelines and four sectoral guidelines, and reduction. discussed them with representatives from the ministry during two workshops held in India. Once the new system Asia has been introduced we will provide training on their With considerable resources now becoming available for application in co-operation with Dutch and Indian reconstruction work in Sri Lanka, the Dutch embassy in consultants.
GSri Lanka, meeting on the subject of EIA systems with the Central Environmental Authority
Photo: Johan Bentinck 06_Artikel_6_040335 02-04-2004 10:36 Pagina 37
37 Development co-operation activities
Development co-operation activities
EIS FOR THE OIL PIPELINE IN GEORGIA
At the request of the Georgian environment minister the NCEIA has been advising on the EIA for an oil pipeline which will run for a total length of 1800 km through Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. The NCEIA concluded its advice on the EIS in 2003. The advice focused mainly on the question whether a few alternative routes which avoid the vulnerable Borjomi area, and which have not yet been described, can realistically be implemented. The NCEIA came to the conclusion that these routes, although technically difficult, are feasible. The EIS and the NCEIA’s advice did not lead to an amendment of the route chosen by the Georgian Government in December 2002, but it did contribute to the public debate on the consequences of the route of the oil pipeline, and additional mitigating measures have been taken.
Photo: BP
J Construction of the BTC oil pipeline in Georgia
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ICIA)
In 2003 we continued to work with an international group of stakeholders to get the International Commission for Impact Assessment up and running. The creation of the ICIA arose out of a recommendation in ‘Our Common Future’, the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development chaired by Gro H. Brundtland. The ICIA reviews, on request, impact state- ments on complex and/or controversial, transboundary projects throughout the world. During the current period of economic downturn, it has proved difficult to obtain the financing required for the planned two-year pilot phase, but we expect that the pilot phase will be able to start in 2004. The pilot phase is intended to be a time for gaining experience and demonstrating the added value of the ICIA. The first requests for advice have already been received, including one on the construction of a zinc and cobalt mine in New Caledonia. Annual report nceia 2003 38
Africa In 2003 most of our work in Africa was in Mozambique and Ghana. Our activities in Ghana are described in a separate box (see below). In Mo- zambique we gave advice on an EIA for a C2 landfill (see below) and on an EIA for the construction of a mineral ore harbour and access road, for which an SEA was also conducted (see page 11). Under an on- the-job training scheme a number of local experts took part in the working group. These experts were recruited for us by the Southern African Institute for Environmental Assessment (SAIEA) in Windhoek, Namibia.
EIS FOR MAVOCO HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY
Photo: Reinoud Post In its advisory review the working group noted that the landfill was planned in a location upstream of the water JMavoco, Hazardous intake for the capital city Maputo, on a fault line and in an area of regular seismic activity. The working group waste dump site in also noted that the management plan was not included in the EIS. The proponent subsequently decided to Mozambique change the location of the landfill cells, to add an extra layer of bentonite underneath the landfill and considerably increase the number of sampling points for monitoring the groundwater. The competent authority decided to issue the licence only after all the recommendations in the EIS procedure have been implemented and the management plan has been reviewed and approved.
Felicidade Munguambe, director for EIA at the Ministry for Environmental Coordination (MICOA): ‘The NCEIA’s advice in its review of the EIS for the Mavoco landfill for hazardous waste made a substantial contribution to the quality of the information on the choice of location for the landfill cells. It clarified the management requirements for the landfill cells in relation to the hydrology of the site and the social consequences. It has also led to changes in the way we approach other projects, such as the Sasol gas exploration project and the Corridor Sands project. In answer to the proponent’s question about why we could not just continue in the usual way, I had to reply by saying: You cannot prevent us growing in our work.’
S TRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE GHANA POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY (GPRS)
In mid 2002 we drew up guidelines for a Strategic Environ- mission and the Dutch Embassy. We also worked on the mental Assessment of the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy practical elaboration of the GPRS in district plans. SEA scoping Strategy (GPRS). This forms the agenda for the future, both for guidelines have now been drawn up for the district plans and the Ghanaian government and for the donors. In January, July sustainability reviews have been completed for almost 40 and October 2003 we gave advice on the quality of the district plans. At the moment about 400 policy initiatives from information to be used to amend the policies and budget for the GPRS are being subject to SEA. All these activities should the GPRS. We did this at the request of the Environmental lead to win-win options for the environment and poverty Protection Agency, the National Development Planning Com- reduction and a list of dos and don’ts in the amended GPRS. 06_Artikel_6_040335 02-04-2004 10:36 Pagina 39
39 Development co-operation activities
Development co-operation activities
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN NORTH AFRICA AND Photo: CITET Jordanië THE MIDDLE EAST JParticipants to the CITET workshop in Jordan At the invitation of CITET, the EIA centre for North Africa and the Middle East, we held introductory workshops on SEA in Tunisia and Jordan. The participants came from Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Yemen, Croatia, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia, Turkey and Syria. During the workshops the representatives from the environment and planning ministries of each country sat together at one table. The participants expressed a number of different visions on the most effective way of introducing and implementing SEA. In 2002 Iran, Croatia, Lebanon and Turkey made a start with the introduction of SEA according to the European directive, the intention being to introduce appropriate legislation. Other countries prefer to take a more gradual approach or give priority to improving the environmental assessment of projects. The workshops may lead to the establishment of structural co-operation with a number of the participating countries. Annual report nceia 2003 40 APPENDIX 1
PROJECTS IN THE NETHERLANDS IN 2003
3, 38, 77, 133,150, 152, 8160, 162 76, 80, 101, 104, 120, 122, 128,9 139, 143
28, 36, 73, 77, 91, 107, 138,8 160 1, 5, 9, 40, 54, 2,4,24,30,42, 137, 148 47, 53, 55, 61, 66, 82, 97, 103, 7 106, 123, 141, 144, 146, 161 19 18, 29, 45, 57, 22, 25, 70, 78, 87, 75, 89, 98, 132 89, 92, 95, 114, 121, 127, 129, 131, 135, 8 136,17 156, 157,
27, 33, 34, 44, 65, 6, 7, 19, 35, 37, 56, 63, 65, 96, 111, 112, 116, 118, 67, 83, 84, 85, 94, 105, 126, 140, 147, 158 17, 20, 23, 58, 59, 111, 113, 124, 125, 145, 151, 60, 64, 72, 86, 88, 14 153,23 157, 163 99, 100, 102, 109, 115,18 117, 134, 155,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 26, 31, 32, 41, 62, 68, 69, 81, 119, 130, 149, 39, 46, 48, 71, 93, 108, 142, 19
7 8, 29, 41, 43, 49, 50, 51, 52, 57, 79, 90, 110, 14154, 159
The project numbers on this map are clustered by province and correspond to the numbers (in bold face) in the list of projects for which advice has been given in the Netherlands. The list starts on page 42. The large numbers correspond with the total number of projects per province. 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 41
41 Appendix 1
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN 2003
CENN Lithuania Georgia 5, 13
Turkey CITET Nepal: 14
CCAD/IUCN World Bank
Vietnam Central America: India: 4, 7, 9 11, 15, 16, 23 Yemen Nicaragua Senegal Guatemala Honduras Belize Ghana: 8, 17 El Salvador Sri Lanka: Panama 12, 18, 19, 22 Bolivia: 10, 21
Mozambique: 1, 2, SAIEA 3, 6, 20, 24
Antarctica:74
The project numbers on this map correspond to the international projects 2003 listed on page 46 (and subsequent pages). An exception is Antarctica (no. 74) This number corresponds with the list of projects for which advice has been given in the Netherlands. Co-operation between NCEIA and regional EIA centres (marked in blue): CENN, CITET, SAEIA, CCAD/IUCN, and World Bank. 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 42
Annual report nceia 2003 42
PROJECTS IN THE NETHERLANDS FOR WHICH ADVICE WAS PUBLISHED IN 2003
1152 Natural Gas Extraction from Platform K7-Fb1 in Block K7 (Dutch 1315 Water-Cooled Grate Furnace, Sita Reenergy Rotterdam (sg) Part of the Continental Shelf) (ar) 24 January 2003 (20) 6 January 2003 (1) 1317 Waalresche Heide Golf Course, Waalre (sg) 1298 Dike Strengthening Section Enkhuizen-Hoorn (sg) 28 January 2003 (21) 13 January 2003 (2) 1316 Stadshagen-II Housing Development, Zwolle (sg) 1309 Delfzijl Noord Wind Park (sg) 29 January 2003 (22) 13 January 2003 (3) 1318 Schans-Oost Transshipment Terminal and Rerouting of the 1223 Naarderbos Master Plan (ars) N207 at Alphen aan den Rijn (sg) 14 January 2003 (4) 3 February 2003 (23)
1310 Natural Gas Extraction in Block L5-B of the Dutch Part of the 1320 Extension of Beverwijkse Bazaar/Rerouted Ringvaartweg (sg) North Sea Continental Shelf (sg) 3 February 2003 (24) 15 January 2003 (5) 1314 Steenbrugge Housing Development, Deventer (sg) 1308 Storage of Soil from the River Forelands in the Afferdense and 4 February 2003 (25) Deestse Waarden (Druten) (sg) 16 January 2003 (6) 1321 Brandevoort Housing Development Phase II, Helmond (sg) 4 February 2003 (26) 1312 Landscape Works in the Heesseltsche River Forelands (sg) 22 January 2003 (7) 1307 Utrecht Station Area Redevelopment Plans (sg) 12 February 2003 (27) 1208 Business Parks in South Limburg (ar) 22 January 2003 (8) 1323 Housing Development between Meppel and Nijeveen (sg) 13 February 2003 (28) 1246 Natural Gas Extraction from Platform Q4-C in Blocks Q1 And Q4 of the Dutch Part of the Continental Shelf (ar) 1241 National Spatial Planning Key Decision Airport Sites Maast- 23 January 2003 (9) richt and Lelystad (ar) 20 February 2003 (29) 1300 Restructuring De Peel (sg) 23 January 2003 (10) 1322 Business Park A4 – West Zone, Haarlemmermeer (sg) 20 February 2003 (30) 1301 Restructuring Beerze-Reusel (sg) 23 January 2003 (11) 1319 Moerdijkse Hoek Innovative Sustainable Business Park (sg) 21 February 2003 (31) 1302 Restructuring Boven-Dommel (sg) 23 January 2003 (12) 1328 Braks Piggery, Odiliapeel, Municipality of Uden (ev) 24 February 2003 (32) 1303 Restructuring De Mayerij (sg) 23 January 2003 (13) 1248 Vathorst Biomass Power Plant, Amersfoort (iar) 17 March 2003 (33) 1304 Restructuring De Peel (sg) 23 January 2003 (14) 1326 Dredge Spoil Disposal and Sand Extraction at Bosscherwaar- den (sg) 1305 Restructuring Maas en Mayerij (sg) 17 March 2003 (34) 23 January 2003 (15) 1324 Second Waal Bridge, Nijmegen (sg) 1306 Restructuring De Baronie (sg) 20 March 2003 (35) 23 January 2003 (16) 1332 Extension to Kruit Poultry Farm, Municipality of Gasselte (sg) 1311 N11 Road Section Zoeterwoude–Alphen aan den Rijn (sg) 20 March 2003 (36) 23 January 2003 (17) 1230 Ede-Veenendaal Business Parks (ar) 1278 Hogekant Business Park and Poort Plan Area, Almere (ar) 21 March 2003 (37) 24 January 2003 (18) 1325 Chlorine and Monochloroacetic Acid (Mca) Plants at Delfzijl, 1313 Extension and Alteration of Van Diermen Laying Hen Farm, Bar- Akzo Nobel Chemicals B.V (sg) neveld (sg) 21 March 2003 (38) 24 January 2003 (19) 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 43
43 Appendix 1
1327 Sluiskil Canal Crossing (sg) 1214 Extension of Dordrecht Sewage Treatment Plant (ar) 21 March 2003 (39) 28 April 2003 (58)
1310 Natural Gas Extraction in Block L5 - B of the Dutch Part of the 1282 Extraction of Brackish Groundwater by Heineken, Zoeterwoude North Sea Continental Shelf (ar) (sg) 25 March 2003 (40) 28 April 2003 (59)
1331 Cranendonck Sustainable Industrial Park (Dic) (sg) 1161 Zoetermeer-Zuidplas Second Phase (ar) 27 March 2003 (41) 1 May 2003 (60)
1242 Renovation of the Bijlmermeer Flats (ars) 1123 Heerhugowaard-Zuid Recreation Area (ars) 28 March 2003 (42) 2 May 2003 (61)
1330 Transformation Plans for the Belvédère Site in Maastricht (sg) 1145 Construction of Bergen op Zoom Outer Harbour (ar) 31 March 2003 (43) 6 May 2003 (62)
1329 Large-Scale Wind Park Locations, Province of Utrecht (BlOW ) 1055 Extension of A12-Zone Business Parks, Municipality of Duiven (sg) (ar) 1 April 2003 (44) 14 May 2003 (63)
1087 Regatta Centre and Coastal Development at Meerdijkhaven 1339 Technopolis Business Campus, Delft (sg) Lelystad (ars) 14 May 2003 (64) 3 April 2003 (45) 1191 Restructuring of Gelderse Vallei/ Utrecht East (sg) 1280 Storage and Treatment of Organic Fertilizers and Tank Cleaning 15 May 2003 (65) at Sluiskil (Kunst Ecoservice B.V.) (ev) 3 April 2003 (46) 1341 De Blauwe Berg Leisure Park, Hoorn (sg) 15 May 2003 (66) 1337 Noord-Holland Noord Development Sketch (oa) 7 April 2003 (47) 1340 Hagenwind Wind Park, Aalten (sg) 19 May 2003 (67) 1213 Storage of Petroleum Products by Oiltanking Terneuzen (ar) 8 April 2003 (48) 1348 De Haas Piggery, Cuijk (ev) 19 May 2003 (68) 1333 Surface Soil Backfill at Borgharen and Itteren (sg) 10 April 2003 (49) 1088 Borchwerf II Business Park, Roosendaal (ar) 22 May 2003 (69) 1334 Surface Soil Backfill at Bosscherveld (sg) 10 April 2003 (50) 1342 Nature and Recreational Development in Beulakerpolder, Steenwijkerland (sg) 1335 Surface Soil Backfill at Aan de Maas (sg) 22 May 2003 (70) 10 April 2003 (51) 1354 Van Doremalen Piggery, Tholen (ev) 1336 Surface Soil Backfill at Nattenhove and Koeweide (sg) 22 May 2003 (71) 10 April 2003 (52) 960 South-West Ring Road, Gouda (ar) 1235 Extension to Waste Incineration Plant, Amsterdam (ar) 27 May 2003 (72) 14 April 2003 (53) 1347 Extension to the Essent Milieu Incineration Plant, Wijster (sg) 1202 Sand Extraction for the Westerschelde Container Terminal (ar) 2 June 2003 (73) 18 April 2003 (54) 1353 Draft Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation Water Samp- 1338 Local Land Use Plan for the Wester Gasworks Site, Amsterdam ling of the Subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica (ar) (sg) 3 June 2003 (74) 23 April 2003 (55) 1218 Widening of the N302 Road (Ganzenweg), Zeewolde (ar) 1163 Omnisport Centre ‘De Voorwaarts’, Apeldoorn (ar) 10 June 2003 (75) 25 April 2003 (56) 1101 North-West Distributor Road, Leeuwarden (ar) 1241 Additional Information on External Safety and Route Structure 12 June 2003 (76) for the National Spatial Planning Key Decision Airport Sites Maastricht and Lelystad (ar) 1345 Construction of New Link Road Roden/Leek-A7 (sg) 25 April 2003 (57) 12 June 2003 (77) 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 44
Annual report nceia 2003 44
1350 Hessenpoort 2 Business Park, Zwolle (sg) 1239 Neminco Granular Asphalt Processing Plant, Rotterdam (ar) 12 June 2003 (78) 16 July 2003 (99)
1270 Grensmaas 2003 (ar) 1358 Municipal Building Yards, Dordrecht (sg) 13 June 2003 (79) 16 July 2003 (100)
1344 Noordwest Fryslân Greenhouse Horticulture (sg) 1361 Use of Landfill Material in Northern Noise Barrier, Drachten 13 June 2003 (80) (sg) 16 July 2003 (101) 1226 Ring Road, ‘s-Hertogenbosch (ar) 16 June 2003 (81) 1363 Zestienhoven Polder Housing Development, Rotterdam (sg) 17 July 2003 (102) 1349 Baanstee-Noord Business Park, Purmerend (sg) 16 June 2003 (82) 1364 Musical Theatre, Amsterdam (sg) 22 July 2003 (103) 1077 Bommelerwaard Greenhouse Horticulture (ar) 17 June 2003 (83) 1295 ‘Sportstad’ Sport and Welfare Facilities, Heerenveen Station Area (ar) 1343 Sand Extraction and Nature Development Plan ‘Over de Maas’ 30 July 2003 (104) (sg) 17 June 2003 (84) 1073 Poultry Manure Incineration / Power Plant Fibroned B.V., Apel- doorn (ar) 1351 Renovation of Sow Sheds by G. Riphagen, Hattem (sg) 6 August 2003 (105) 17 June 2003 (85) 1360 ‘De Draai’ Housing Location, Heerhugowaard (sg) 1359 Vlaardingen River Zone (ev) 11 August 2003 (106) 19 June 2003 (86) 1060 Het Rundedal Greenhouse Horticulture Development, Klazie- 1314 1e Phase Steenbrugge Housing Location, Deventer (iar) naveen (ar) 23 June 2003 (87) 12 August 2003 (107)
1172 Multiplex Cinema, Spuimarkt, Den Haag (ar) 1367 Nuclear Fuel Enrichment at Borssele Nuclear Power Plant (sg) 25 June 2003 (88) 12 August 2003 (108)
834 Hanzelijn-A6 Crossing (ars) 1362 Bornsche Maten Housing Development, Borne (sg) 26 June 2003 (89) 13 August 2003 (109)
1346 Landscaping of the Flood Channel at Lomm (sg) 1270 Grensmaas 2003 (ars) 26 June 2003 (90) 15 August 2003 (110)
1355 Ter Borch, Tynaarlo Urban Project (ev) 1045 A2 Motorway, Oudenrijn-Deil (ar) 1 July 2003 (91) 19 August 2003 (111)
1203 Construction of Nijreessingel, Almelo (ar) 1253 ’T Waal Recreational Lake (ars) 3 July 2003 (92) 25 August 2003 (112)
1206 Extension to the Bruinisse Marina (ars) 1372 Van Deurzen Poultry Farm, Groesbeek (sg) 4 July 2003 (93) 26 August 2003 (113)
1352 Dike Relocation, Lent (sg) 1357 Relocation of the Engelse Werk Drinking Water Abstraction 8 July 2003 (94) Facility, Zwolle (sg) 29 August 2003 (114) 311 Extension to ‘t Gagel Golf Course, Zwolle (ars) 14 July 2003 (95) 1368 Carriageway Space Reallocation (Extra Lane) on the Northbound Carriageway of the A27 Motorway Gorinchem–Noordeloos (sg) 1356 Veenendaal-Oost Housing Development (sg) 29 August 2003 (115) 15 July 2003 (96) 1369 Carriageway Space Reallocation (Extra Lane) on the A27 1366 Rustenburg Inverdan Cinema, Zaandam (sg) Motorway at Utrecht, Eemnes Direction (sg) 15 July 2003 (97) 29 August 2003 (116)
649 Strengthening of the IJsselmeer Dike, Ketelbrug-Houtribslui- 1370 Carriageway Space Reallocation (Extra Lane) on the A12 zen (ar) Motorway Westbound, Woerden–Gouwe (sg) 16 July 2003 (98) 29 August 2003 (117) 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 45
45 Appendix 1
1371 Carriageway Space Reallocation (Extra Lane) on the A28 1377 Balgzand–Bacton Gas Pipeline (UK) (sg) Motorway Leusden-Zuid – A1 Motorway at Hoevelaken, Hoeve- 5 November 2003 (137) laken Direction (sg) 29 August 2003 (118) 941 Redevelopment of Zuidwolde-Zuid (ars) 7 November 2003 (138) 1373 Nimbus Business & Entertainment Centre, Eindhoven (sg) 9 September 2003 (119) 1199 Drachten A7-North Business Park (ar) 10 November 2003 (139) 1275 De Haven Noordwest Business Park, Drachten (ars) 10 September 2003 (120) 1307 Phase 1 Development Plans for Utrecht Station Area (iar) 13 November 2003 (140) 1263 Deventer Entertainment Centre (ar) 12 September 2003 (121) 1181 Use of Secondary Fuels in the Coal-Fired Power Plant Hemweg 8, Amsterdam (ars) 1227 Reconstruction of the N31, Zurich–Harlingen (ar) 14 November 2003 (141) 16 September 2003 (122) 1380 Improved Traffic Flow on Sloeweg (N62), Zeeland (sg) 1337 Noord-Holland Noord Development Plan (o.a.) 14 November 2003 (142) 26 September 2003 (123) 1102 Alignment Study N381 (ars) 1313 Extension and Alterations to Van Diermen Laying Hen Farm, 20 November 2003 (143) Barneveld (ar) 2 October 2003 (124) 1381 City Centre Project, Amsterdam North (sg) 20 November 2003 (144) 1189 Waalsprong Housing Development 2003 (ars) 13 October 2003 (125) 1230 Ede-Veenendaal Business Parks (ars) 21 November 2003 (145) 1365 Regional Structure Plan 2005–2015 Utrecht Region (sg) 13 October 2003 (126) 1322 A4-Zone-West Business Park Haarlemmermeer (ar) 21 November 2003 (146) 1162 Expansion of Uranium Enrichment Capacity at Urenco, Almelo (ars) 1379 Utrecht-West Green Space (sg) 17 October 2003 (127) 21 November 2003 (147)
1093 Extension to Leeuwarden-Zuid (De Zuidlanden), Plan for 1287 Layout of the Near Shore Wind Park Demonstration Park (ar) Techum (ar) 27 November 2003 (148) 21 October 2003 (128) 1144 Hypeco Site Recreation Area, Vinkel (ar) 1281 Addition of a Third Incineration Line, Avitwente (ar) 28 November 2003 (149) 21 October 2003 (129) 1243 Development of Meerstad Groningen Master Plan (ar) 1374 Bergvliet Estate Golf Course, Oosterhout (sg) 28 November 2003 (150) 22 October 2003 (130) 1237 Extension of Hummelo en Keppel Golf Course (ev) 959 Construction of Zuiderzee Harbour, Kampen (ars) 2 December 2003 (151) 23 October 2003 (131) 1323 Akzo Nobel Chlorine and MCA Plant, Delfzijl (ar) 1174 Luttelgeest II Greenhouse Horticulture Area (ar) 2 December 2003 (152) 27 October 2003 (132) 1383 Development of Southern Waterfront, Harderwijk (sg) 1375 Development of Housing Locations based on the Haren Lands- 8 December 2003 (153) cape Development Plan (sg) 27 October 2003 (133) 1273 Restructuring Plan For North and Central Limburg (ar) 9 December 2003 (154) 1100 Alteration of the Alignment of the Primary Flood Barrier at Hoek van Holland (sg) 1385 Extraction of Natural Gas from the Spijkenisse Oost, Spijkenis- 31 October 2003 (134) se West and Hekelingen Gas Fields (sg) 11 December 2003 (155) 1376 Expansion and Renovation of Van De Berg Wekerom B.V. Poult- ry Farm, Lunteren (sg) 951 North-West Overijssel Rural Land Development Scheme (ars) 31 October 2003 (135) 11 December 2003 (156)
1378 Hof van Twente Golf Course and Bungalow Park, Goor (sg) 31 October 2003 (136) 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 46
Annual report nceia 2003 46
1043 Carriageway Space Reallocation (Extra Lane) on the A1 Motor- 1390 Underground Natural Gas Buffer Storage Zuidwending (sg) way Beekbergen-Deventer-Oost (ar) 19 December 2003 (162) 12 December 2003 (157) 1388 Landscape Works in the Hurwenense River Forelands (sg) 1384 Rerouting of the N201 Utrecht, Amstelhoek Passage (sg) 23 December 2003 (163) 16 December 2003 (158) sg = scoping guidelines for the EIS 1387 Construction of Park Zaarderheiken Golf Course, Venlo (sg) ar = advisory review of the EIS 16 December 2003 (159) iar = interim advisory review of the EIS ars = advisory review of the EIS and supplement 1386 Drentse Horn Housing Development at Stadskanaal and Bor- ars = advisory review of the supplement ger-Odoorn (sg) ev = EIS evaluation 18 December 2003 (160) oa = other advice
1114 Amendment to the Schiphol Implementation Decree (sg) 19 December 2003 (161)
INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOR WHICH ADVICE WAS PUBLISHED IN 2003
050 Advisory Review of the Environmental Impact Assessment Stu- 052 Advisory Guidelines on Transboundary and Regional Impacts dies of the Mavoco Hazardous of the Siepac Waste Facility, Beluluane, Mozambique Transmission Line Project in Central America (in English) 3 February 2003 (1) 24 February 2003 (4) (03-03-03 - in Spanish)
051 Advisory Guidelines on a Two-Step Approach for Selecting a 1120 Advisory Review of the Environmental and Social Impact Bulk Cargo Transport Assessment Reports and Option for Southern Gaza Province, Mozambique Supplementary Information for the Baku – Tblisi-Ceyhan Oil 4 April 2003 (2) Pipeline and the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline in Georgia 15 October 2003 (5) 051 (Draft) Advisory Review of the Strategic Environmental Asses- sment of Transport Options for Corridor Sands Ltda, Mozambique 14 November 2003 (3)
ADVICE BY THE SECRETARIAT ON INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS
1. Review of European Development Fund (EDF) Project Proposal 9. Draft Advisory Review of the EIA Capacity Building Project of for Tanzania the Ministry of Environment and Forests in India (11)
2. Advisory Guidelines for the Comparative EIA for the Corridor 10. Report on a Scoping Mission to Sri Lanka in Preparation for a Sands Transport Option Mozambique (6) Mission to the Netherlands by the Secretary of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources and the Chairman of the 3. Review of EDF Project Proposals for Rwanda and Chad Central Environmental Authority (CEA) (12)
4. Observations/Comments on General Guidelines for a Technical 11. Advice on Terms of Reference for the Assessment of Effective- Manual on EIA in Central America (7) ness of the EIA System in the South Caucasus States (13)
5. Findings of the Support Mission by the NCEIA in the Frame- 12. Advisory Review of the Integrated Environmental Impact work of the SEA for GPRS, Ghana (8) Assessment Report for the Biogas Support Programme, Nepal (14) 6. Comments on Terms of Reference for an Oil-Pipeline in Nicara- gua (9) 13. Advice on the Draft National EIA Guidance Manual for the Ministry of Environment and Forests in India (15) 7. Review of EDF Project Proposal for Mozambique 14. Advisory Review of the Draft Sectoral Guidelines for Ports and 8. Memorandum on a Needs Assessment Workshop on EIA/SEA Harbours, Petrochemicals, Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals for with the Ministry of Sustainable Development in Bolivia (in the Ministry of Environment and Forests in India (16) Spanish) (10) 15. Review of EDF Project Proposals for Ethiopia, Sierra Leone and the Sub-Saharan Africa Transport System 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 47
47 Appendix 1
16. Memorandum on the Final Mid-Term Review of the Sea for the 19. Draft Report on a Follow-Up Mission on EIA/SEA Effective- GPRS Ghana (17) ness and Future Collaboration between the NCEIA and the Central Environmental Authority in Sri Lanka (19) 17. Draft Review on Headlines of the Eia Report for the Alternate Highway (Expressway) between Colombo and Kandy, Sri Lanka 20. Draft Specialist Review of the Operational Manual for the (18) Mavoco Hazardous Waste Facility in Beluluane, Mozambi- que (20) 18. Review of EDF Project Proposals for Surinam, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Djibouti and Ethiopia, and Rwanda
CAPACITY BUILDING
Republic of Yemen Mozambique The Ministry of Environment has asked the NCEIA for advice on The NCEIA has signed a co-operation agreement with the the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment and Ministry of Environmental Coordination. Under this agree- improving the effectiveness of the current EIA system. ment the NCEIA and the Ministry jointly reviewed a number of EISs and an SEA process was started. A study into the Vietnam need for SEA is being prepared in consultation with the The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment has World Bank. (24) asked the NCEIA for support with improving policies for EIA and SEA. Southern Caucasus/CENN The NCEIA is assisting with the evaluation of the effective- Senegal ness of the EIA system in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbajan. Preliminary contacts have been made with the Ministry of Envi- ronment and Waste Management in preparation for institu- Mediterranean Region/CITET tional support by the NCEIA. In co-operation with Citet and a Dutch engineering consul- tancy, the NCEIA has provided two training courses on SEA Bolivia for ten countries. Participation in a workshop on the need to strengthen the EIA system and on possible future co-operation between the Southern Africa/SAIEA Ministry of Environment and the NCEIA, financed by various The NCEIA, via the Southern African Institute for Environ- donors. This process will be followed up. (21) mental Assessment (SAIEA), has recruited local experts for various working groups. The NCEIA assisted with the plan- Sri Lanka ning for a project on ‘the role of public participation for deci- Sri Lanka is looking for strategic partners to assist with the sion making in Southern Africa’. The EIA profiles for these reconstruction following the signing of the peace accord. At countries are also being made available on the internet. the request of the Central Environmental Authority the NCEIA has visited Sri Lanka twice. During the first visit we gauged the Central America/CCAD/IUCN need for support and identified a number of strategic partners During the final year of the current co-operation agreement in the Netherlands. During the second visit we reviewed the with the regional EIS project of CCAD/IUCN we gave various EIA system in greater depth and presented proposals for a training courses and provided support for strengthening possible agreement. (22) and harmonizing the EIA and SEA regulations in Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. India The NCEIA has signed a co-operation agreement with the World Bank Ministry of Environment and Forests on providing assistance The NCEIA has signed an agreement with the World Bank on with strengthening the EIA system. The NCEIA audited propo- providing support for its SEA activities. Assistance has been sals for national EIA legislation, an EIA manual and a number given for training activities and workshops and we have of sectoral guidelines. (23) advised on a number of SEA activities. 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 48
Annual report nceia 2003 48 APPENDIX 2
COMPOSITION OF THE CONSULTATIVE BODY OF CHAIRPERSONS. BOARD AND SECRETARIAT OF THE NETHERLANDS COMMISSION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN 2003.
Consultative body of chairpersons Board of governors Chairperson Chairperson ir. N.G. Ketting (Niek) ir. N.G. Ketting (Niek)
Deputy chairpersons Secretary/treasurer ir. K.J. Beek (Klaas Jan) drs. L. van Rijn – Vellekoop (Leni) dr.ir. G. Blom (Gerrit) mr. F.W.R. Evers (Frans) Board members drs. H.G. Ouwerkerk (Hans) prof.dr. J.M. Cramer (Jacqueline) drs. J.G.M. van Rhijn (Marieke) prof. dr. W. Lemstra (Wolter) drs. L. van Rijn – Vellekoop (Leni) dr. D.K.J. Tommel (Dick) dr. D.K.J. Tommel (Dick) ir. A. van der Velden (Aad) Authorised representatives drs. S.A.A. Morel (Stefan) Ad-hoc chairpersons drs. M.P. Laeven (Marc) dr. A.G.W.J. Lansink (Ad) prof.dr.ir. D. de Zeeuw (Dick)
SECRETARIAT: Management team General secretary and director drs. S.A.A. Morel (Stefan)
Deputy secretaries ir. V.J.H.M. ten Holder (Veronica) drs. M.P. Laeven (Marc) (deputy director) drs. R.A.A. Verheem (Rob)
Technical secretaries Netherlands Technical secretaries development co-operation ir. J.M. Bremmer (Marijke) ir. P.A.M. van Gent (Petrie) ir. H.G. de Brabander (Henri) drs. A.J. Kolhoff (Arend) dr. N.W.M. van Buren (Nicole) ing. R.A.M. Post (Reinoud) ir. F.D. Dotinga (Frans) ir. I.A. Steinhauer (Ineke) dr. G.P.J. Draaijers (Geert) drs. M. van Eck (Marja) drs. M. Odijk (Michiel) mr. S. Pieters (Steven) drs. B.C. Rademaker (Bauk) 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 49
49 Appendix 2
Administrative and domestic services Head of office A.M. de Bruyn Prince (AnneMay)
Secretaries Netherlands A.J.C. van Asperen (Angelina) H.J. Bijvank (Heleen) S. Broekhuizen (Soraya) A.M.E.M. Evers (Margareth) P.E.M. van Hulst (Elly) M. Huwai (Marlène) G. Lesman – Withaar bijgenaamd de Jong (Greet) A. Snel (Anouschka) (until 1 May 2003) G.W. Takken (Bep) W.N. The (Wen-Ny) F. Wiersma (Fleur)
Secretaries Development Co-operation L.M. Wildenburg (Liduina) M.E. van der Zee (Maike)
Domestic/administrative personnel G. Brakkee (Gea) J From left to right: G.D. Maikoe, F.M. Sloos, H.J. Bijvank, W.M.G.B. Lucassen – Janssen (Willeke) W.M.G.B. Lucassen, M.E. van der Zee, A. Dijkstra, A.M. de Bruyn Prince, M.J.F. Wagenbuur, P.E.M. van Hulst, L.M. Wildenburg, G. Lesman, S. Broekhuizen, A.J.C. van Asperen
Financial administration G.D. Maikoe (Gary) F.M. Sloos – van Doorn (Frieda)
Personnel department Personnel manager A. Dijkstra (Aafke)
Library Librarian/ documentalist In 2003 the NCEIA received a total subsidy M.J.W. van der Raay – Verdonk (Marie-Jeannette) of € 4,475,300 of this € 3.630.000 was granted bij the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing and the Environment and the IT department Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Manage- System manager ment and Fisheries for the execution of P. Kop (Peter) the Commission’s statutory tasks. The remaining € 845.300 was granted by Support assistant the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to cover M.J.F. Wagenbuur (Mark) international activities. 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 50
Annual report nceia 2003 50 APPENDIX 3
MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN 2003
dr.ir. F.G. van den Aarsen, ‘s-Hertogenbosch ir. J.H.J. van der Gun, Schalkwijk dr. H. Nieboer, De bilt dr.ir. H.F.M. Aarts, Renkum ir. F.A.C. de Haas, Voorburg ir. L. van Nieuwenhuijze, Utrecht prof.dr. B.J.M. Ale, Nieuwegein ing. D. Hamhuis, De bilt ir. K. Nije, Amersfoort ir. C.J.M. Anzion, Amersfoort dr.ir. H. Harssema, Renkum drs. J.P.J. Nijssen, Brielle ir. J.W. Assink, Apeldoorn prof.dr.ir. R.E.C.M. van der Heijden, Malden ir. D.C. van Ooijen, Goes drs. G.J. Baaijens, Dwingeloo ir. G.J. Hellinga, Almere dr. P.F.M. Opdam, Utrecht prof.dr. C.W. Backes, Schwalmthal dr. C.J. Hemker, Amsterdam drs. L. Oprel, Aalsmeer dr. A. Barendregt, Voorthuizen prof.dr.ir. Ch.F. Hendriks, Vlaardingen ing. P.M. Peeters, Ede gld drs. ing. A. van Beek, Rotterdam G.F.W. Herngreen, Pieterburen ir. A.G. Posthumus, Twello ing. W.G. Been, Schiedam drs. J.J.M.B. Heuer, Boxmeer drs. C.C.D.F. van Ree, Voorschoten drs. J.W. Beijersbergen, Kerkwerve prof.mr.dr. E.F. ten Heuvelhof, Rotterdam dr. J. Renes, Utrecht dr. A.J. Beintema, Doorn ir. H.Ch.M. Heyning, Amsterdam drs. N.M. de Rooij, Berkel en rodenrijs prof.dr.ir. E.W. Bijker, Maassluis drs. D. van der Hoek, Bennekom ing. C. Roos, Apeldoorn dr. W. Bleuten, Schalkwijk dr.ir. J. Hoeks, Bennekom ir. E.Ph.J. de Ruiter, Nootdorp dr. G.J. van Blokland, Maurik prof. dr. P. Hoekstra, Utrecht ir. J.B.R. van der Schaaf, Apeldoorn dr. J.P. Boon, Den burg ir. Chr.J. Huyskens, Dommelen dr. P.P. Schot, Abcoude A.P.H.M. Boonman, Brunssum dr.ir. P. Ike, Groningen ir. F.J. Schuurman, Almere ir. G. Boonzaaijer, Malden prof.mr. J.H. Jans, Groningen ir. M.B. Schöne, Assen ing. P.F.J. Brandsen, Heiloo ing. R.P.M. Jansen, Hazerswoude dorp ir. D.F. Sijmons, Amsterdam ir. J.J. Bruin, Rotterdam drs. S.R.J. Jansen, Doorwerth drs. J.H. Smittenberg, Irnsum ir. H.S. Buijtenhek, Deventer H.H. Janssen, Zwolle ir. K.A.A. van der Spek, Amersfoort prof.dr. P.J.H. Builtjes, Wolfheze dr. R. Janssen, Amstelveen ir. J.C. Stans, Gouda dr. K.J. Canters, Zwolle dr. W. Joenje, Groningen drs. J.W. Stellingwerff, Boskoop ing. C. Coenrady, Elst gld drs. A.L. de Jong, Amstelveen ing. G. van der Sterre, M.Sc., Oosterbeek dr.ir. W.J. Coumans, Weert drs. R.J. Jonker, Utrecht ir. J. Termorshuizen, Bleiswijk dr. N.M.J.A. Dankers, Den Burg dr. J. Joziasse, Apeldoorn prof.dr. J.H.J. Terwindt, Leusden ir. J.A.M. van Dijk, Amersfoort ir. W.H.A.M. Keijsers, Amsterdam drs. S.P. Tjallingii, Gouda ir. H. Dijkstra, Zetten ir. A. Kiestra, Boxtel dr. F.P.C.L. Tonnaer, Thorn ir. N. van Dooren, Utrecht dr.ir. A. Klapwijk, Bennekom dr. A. Tukker, ‘s-gravenhage ir. W.J. van Doorn, Nijmegen drs. M.A. Kooiman, Utrecht prof.dr. H.A. Udo de Haes, Leiden ing. A.J. Dragt, Leusden dr.ir. J.A.M.M. Kops, Arnhem ir. H. Vaessen, Wateringen ir. J.H.A. Driessen, Hattem dr.ir. I.W. Koster, Bennekom ir. J.H.G. Verhagen, Wageningen dr. P.P.J. Driessen, Zeist drs. J.W.M. Kuijpers, Berkel en rodenrijs ing. F. van Voorneburg, Dwingeloo ir. W. van Duijvenbooden, Woudenberg drs. R.H.D. Lambeck, Kapelle drs.ing. J.B. Vos, Almere ir. L.E. Duvoort-van Engers, Amersfoort ir. P.H.R. Langeweg, Rotterdam prof.dr.ir. H.J. de Vriend, Oegstgeest ir. P. van Eck, Leiden ir. J.E.M. Lax, ‘s-hertogenbosch dr. N.P.J. de Vries, Groningen ing. C.L. Eenkema, Tijnaarlo dr. R.S.E.W. Leuven, Nijmegen ir. P. Vrijlandt, Wageningen drs. H.C. Eerens, Utrecht ir. W.E. van Lierop, Hoogland prof.ir.drs. J.K. Vrijling, Rotterdam prof.dr. H.J.P. Eijsackers, Wageningen prof.dr. L. Lijklema, Renkum drs.ing. P.A. van Vugt, Capelle aan den ijssel drs. M. Epema-Brugman, Puttershoek dr. H.J. Lindeboom, Den burg prof.ir. J.J. van der Vuurst de Vries, Aerden- dr. F.H. Everts, Groningen drs. H.R.J. van Maanen, Amersfoort hout ing. R. Faasen, Dronten ir. A.J.G. van der Maarel, Warnsveld drs. J. Wiertz, Houten ir. Y.C. Feddes, Amsterdam prof.dr.ir. F.M. Maas, Breda ir. J.J. van Willigenburg, Amsterdam dr. L.M. Fliervoet, Nijmegen drs. R.G. Mes, Leiderdorp dr. G. van Wirdum, Wijk bij duurstede ir. G.J. Flóriàn, Velp gld dr. J.T. Meulemans, Maarssen dr.ir. G. Zeeman, Wageningen ir. G. Grakist, Doorn drs. R.H.J. Mooren, Arnhem ir. H.A.P. Zinger, Delft dr. A.P. Grootjans, Groningen ir. E. Mulder, Ugchelen drs. G. de Zoeten, Delft
PERSONS WHO HAVE ACTED AS ADVISORS FOR THE COMMISSION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN 2003
ing. R.J.M. van Aalderen, Haarlem ing. J. Derksen, IJzendoorn ir. J. van ‘t Hoff, Zeist ir. H.F. Ambachtsheer, ‘s-Gravenhage prof.ir. C.A.J. Duijvestein, Rijswijk (ZH) drs. W.C.M. van Hooff, Teteringen ir. G. Arends, Voorschoten drs. M.A. Elbers, Arnhem drs. J.H. Hoogendoorn, Diepenveen dr.mr. C.J. Bastmeijer, Tilburg ing. H.H. Ellen, Apeldoorn ir. J.A. Huizer, Alphen aan den Rijn drs. D.J.F. Bel, Ede (GLD) ir. M.J. Fabery de Jonge, Gorssel ir. P. Janse, Eindhoven ir. K.G. Bezuyen, Breda ir. C. van der Giessen, Giesbeek drs. M. Klinge, Diepenveen drs. L. Bijlmakers, Gorinchem drs. D. Ginter, Rotterdam T.R. Knottnerus, Groningen drs. T.J. Blonk, Gouda ir. H. Goossens, Linden ir. J. Koppejan, Apeldoorn ir. D.A. Boogert, Naarden ir. A. Grijns, Utrecht dr. M.J.A. Kraakman, Gouda dr.ir. M.M. Boone, Zoetermeer ir. J.R. Groenhuijse, Bunnik drs. J.A.A.M. Leemans, Nijmegen ir. B.A.H.V. Brorens, ‘s-Hertogenbosch dr.ir. P.W.G. Groot Koerkamp, Opijnen drs. A. van Leerdam, Rumpt dr. F.R. Bruinsma, Utrecht P.J.M. Grove, Huizen ing. J.J.A. van Leeuwen, ‘s-Gravenhage B. Burgess, Gieten dr. J.B.M. de Haas, Schagen dr. K. Leidelmeijer, Amsterdam drs. F.A.M. Claessen, Lelystad ing. H.J.M. Hendriks, Langenboom dr H.J.R. Lenders, Nijmegen J.A. Craeymeersch, Krabbendijke ir. M.J.M. Hermelink, Heemstede dr. H. de Mars, Maastricht ir. J.G. Cuperus, Epse drs. W.A.M. Hessing, Amersfoort dr. H. Middelkoop, Utrecht 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 51
51 Appendix 3
dr.ir G. Mol, Wageningen dr.ir. J.C. Sinke, Apeldoorn dr. N. Verster, Rotterdam ing. C.A. Nierop Azn., Amsterdam ing. C. Slijpen, Vijlen capt. G.R. Vissers, Bloemendaal ir. J.A. Nuesink, Nieuwegein dr. R. Slootweg, Oegstgeest ing. R.L. Vogel, Dieren dr.ir. N.W.M. Ogink, Wageningen ir. J.R.F. van der Sluis, ‘s-Gravenhage ir. M.E. Voskens-Drijver, Zeist ir. Olthof, Utrecht ir. B. Smolders, Rotterdam ing. A. Vrielink, Veendam drs. R.W. van Oostrum, Zoetermeer dr. J.T.C.M. Sprangers, Nijmegen ir. R.F. de Vries, Wirdum drs. L. Partouns, Maastricht ir. H.E.M. Stassen, Enschede drs. K. Wardenaar, Amsterdam ing. B. Peters, Goirle D. Steensma, Haren (GR) ir. J.C. Wardenaar, Arnhem drs J. Plaat, Assen ir. R.J. Swanenburg de Veye, Alkmaar drs. R.B. van der Werff, Enschede drs. J.L.P.M. van der Pluijm, Boxtel ir. J.B.A.A. Taks, Sint Michielsgestel ing. J.G. Westerhoven, Gouda drs. R. Pot, Oosterhesselen prof.dr. J. Thoen, Oud-Heverlee dr. R.A.P.M. Weterings, Beekbergen dr. A.H. Prins, Randwijk drs. W. Timmermans, Rumpt ir. D. Wiebes, Hillegom ing. L.J.M. Raaijmakers, Venlo ir. L.J.G. Tummers, Utrecht ir. B.J. Wiekema, Wapenveld ir. J.G.M. Rademakers, Maarn prof.dr J.L. Urai, Maastricht ir. Th. G.J. Witjes, Eerbeek ir. H.J. Roelofs, Hoevelaken ir. A. Valk, Krommenie dr.ir. T. ten Wolde, Leidschendam prof.dr. G. de Roo, Groningen drs. P.C. van Veen, Utrecht ir. J.H. de Zeeuw, Raalte ing. D. Rooks, Achterveld ing. R.F. Veenendaal, Assen drs. P.A.M. Zoetbrood, Amersfoort drs. F. J. A. Saris, Erlecom ir. H.J. Verhagen, Papendrecht
LIST OF EXPERTS CONTRIBUTING TO THE INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF 2003 (OS)
Mr. B. Baxter, South Africa Mr. C. Geerling, Driebergen-Rijsenburg Mr. B. Petry, Delft Mr. W.G. Been, Schiedam Mr. G. de Jong, Rotterdam Mr. N. Rengers, Enschede Mr. A.J. van Bodegom, Bennekom Mr. D. Joubert, South Africa Mr. P. Rosewarne, South Africa Mr. R.J. Boroto, South Africa Mr. J.J. Kessler, Wageningen Mr. D. Steensma, Haren Ms. S.F. Brownlie, South Africa Mr. J. Kool, Amersfoort Mr. P.W. Tarr, Namibia Mr. H.S. Buijtenhek, Deventer Ms. I. Kurtskhalia, Georgia Mr. M.J.E. Volgers, Elst Mr. C. Burden, South Africa Ms. S.B. Lane, South Africa Mr. B. Burgess, Gieten Mr. J.M. Marquenie, Eext Mr. C. Dalgliesh, South Africa Mr. J.D. Meindertsma, Woerden Mr. E. Darko-Mensah, Ghana Mr. S.G. Nooteboom, Leusden 07_Bijlagen_040335-2 02-04-2004 10:54 Pagina 52
Annual report nceia 2003 52 APPENDIX 4
TECHNICAL SECRETARIES AND THEIR SPECIALIST TOPICS
Roads (C/D 1) Nicole van Buren Railways (C/D 2) Rob Verheem Waterways (C/D 3) Michiel Odijk Marijke Bremmer: Ports (C/D 4) Michiel Odijk 030-2347621 Seabed Activities (C/D 5) Michiel Odijk Airfields (C/D 6) Stefan Morel Military exercise grounds (C/D 7) Stefan Morel
Pipelines (C/D 8) Michiel Odijk Henri de Brabander: Nicole van Buren: Rural land development ( C/D 9) Frans Dotinga 030-2347603 030-2347651 Recreation (C/D 10) Michiel Odijk House-building (C/D 11.1) Marja van Eck Industrial Estates (C 11.2/ D 11.2/3) Bauk Rademaker Greenhouse horticulture (C 11.3/ D 11.4) Henri de Brabander Geert Draaijers: 030-2347606 Dikes, flood barriers and dams (C/D 12) Marc Laeven Land reclamation, impoldering (C/D 13) Marc Laeven Intensive livestock farming/ reconstruction (C/D 14) Frans Dotinga Frans Dotinga: Marja van Eck: Water abstraction, pumped drainage, 030-2347624 030-2347625 infiltration, water basins (C/D 15) Marc Laeven Minerals extractions (C/D 16) Marja van Eck Fossil fuels (oil/gas production) (C/D 17) Geert Draaijers Waste management plans (C/D 18.1) Marijke Bremmer Veronica ten Holder: Waste processing including energy from 030-2347627 waste (C/D 18.4/D 18.1/3) Marijke Bremmer Landfill sites (C18.5/D18.3) Marijke Bremmer Dredged sludge (C/D 18.3) Michiel Odijk
Processing of hazardous waste (C18.2/D 18.3) Marijke Bremmer Petrie van Gent: Arend Kolhoff: Processing of fertilisers (C18.2/4 D18.2/3) Frans Dotinga 030-2347609 030-2347604 Waste water treatment (C18.6/D 18.6) Bauk Rademaker Water catchment areas (C/D 19) Marc Laeven Wood, paper and cardboard (C/D 20) Marijke Bremmer Industrial companies, GCIs ( C/D 21) Bauk Rademaker Stefan Morel: Electricity, wind energy (C/D 22.1/2) Geert Draaijers 030-2347607 Nuclear power (C/D 22.3-5) Stefan Morel Radioactive waste (C/D 23) Nicole van Buren Coal mining, mineral ores (D 29) Geert Draaijers Marc Laeven: Michiel Odijk: Various other plants (D 30-47) Bauk Rademaker 030-2347626 030-2347622 Aqueducts (D 48) Michiel Odijk
Legal aspects Steven Pieters SEA Rob Verheem Reinoud Post: Transboundary aspects Steven Pieters 030-2347649 Compensation, protection formulas Birds and Habitats Directives Steven Pieters Evaluation of EIA Marja van Eck
Health/perception Bauk Rademaker Steven Pieters: Bauk Rademaker: Ecology in advice Nicole van Buren 030-2347634 030-2347635 Cultural history Nicole van Buren Sustainability test Geert Draaijers/Rob Verheem MCA Marja van Eck Rob Verheem: External safety Henri den Brabander 030-2347636 Continued effect of our advice Bauk Rademaker Press relations Veronica ten Holder
Ineke Steinhauer: 030-2347654