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Sizing and Operation Optimization of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Battery Backup System Assisting an Intermittent Primary Energy Source

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Sizing and Operation Optimization of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Battery Backup System Assisting an Intermittent Primary Energy Source Sizing and operation optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic-battery backup system assisting an intermittent primary energy source for a residential application Jawad Khoury To cite this version: Jawad Khoury. Sizing and operation optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic-battery backup system assisting an intermittent primary energy source for a residential application. Electric power. Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2016. English. NNT : 2016CERG0763. tel-01328712 HAL Id: tel-01328712 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01328712 Submitted on 8 Jun 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Année 2016 UNIVERSITE DE CERGY PONTOISE THESE Présentée pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE CERGY PONTOISE Ecole doctorale : Sciences et Ingénierie Spécialité : Génie Electrique Soutenance publique prévue le 01 Juin 2016 Par Jawad KHOURY Sizing and operation optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic-battery backup system assisting an intermittent primary energy source for a residential application JURY Rapporteurs : Prof. Giovanni Spagnuolo Université de Salerno Prof. Manuela Sechilariu Université de technologie de Compiègne Président du jury : Prof. Benoit Robyns École des Hautes Études d’Ingénieur Directeur de thèse : Prof. Eric Monmasson Université de Cergy Pontoise Co-directeur de thèse : Prof. Georges Salloum Université Libanaise Laboratoire SATIE - UCP/UMR 8029, 1 rue d’Eragny, 95031 Neuville sur Oise France This work is dedicated to my parents who have believed in me, encouraged me, and sacrificed a lot in order for me to reach my goals. I also dedicate this work to my beloved country, which has been the main focus of this research, may I always try to benefit you the best way I can iii Acknowledgments The work presented in this thesis was carried out within the research laboratory of Systems and Applications of Information and Energy Technologies (SATIE), the team of Systèmes d’énergie pour les transports et l’environnement (SETE). The thesis was achieved under the supervision of Professor Eric Monmasson, head of SATIE pole at the University of Cergy Pontoise and Professor Georges Salloum, head of CERGE research team at the Lebanese University. First and foremost, I wish to thank my advisor Prof. Eric Monmasson, for it has been an honor to have worked under his guidance since my Master’s project. I appreciate all his contributions in terms of time, ideas, and funding to make my research more productive and bring the best out of me. For me, becoming as much of a reputable and knowledgable researcher as him was my greatest motivation during my Ph.D. Second, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my co-advisor Prof. Georges Salloum who has always been there for me, helping and advising me during the most difficult times. He went to great lengths so I can achieve my goals and become the researcher that I am today. This Ph.D. study would not have been possible without him. For that I am forever grateful. My deep appreciation goes out to Dr. Rita Mbayed who has been like a sister to me, providing me with unlimited academic and moral support. There are no words to describe my gratitude and appreciation. I am also very grateful to Don Abasse Boukari, Aude Brebant, Lahoucine Idkhajine, and all the personnel of SATIE laboratory who have surrounded me with the best working conditions during my stays in France. I would also like to thank my colleagues with whom I spent the best time in Paris and who have given me the beautiful experience of having friends from all over the world. I would like to thank the members of the assessment committee, prof. Manuela Sechilariu, prof. Giovanni Spagnuolo, and prof. Benoit Robyns for reading and evaluating the manuscript. I appreciate their willingness to assume responsibility for the assessment of the quality of this thesis. v vi A special thanks goes to my family, especially my sister, and friends whose endless support helped me get through this tiring experience. A particular thank you goes to my fellow Ph.D. student Maria Achkar, for we have endured challenges and found support in each other since our undergraduate studies. vii Résumé Le travail effectué dans cette thèse propose et évalue une solution au problème de coupure fréquente du courant électrique fourni par le réseau publique défaillant dans plusieurs pays en voie de développement. La solution consiste à installer un système de panneaux Photovoltaïques (PV) avec des batteries de stockage opérant conjointement avec le réseau. L’étude traite particu- lièrement le cas Libanais et considère une application résidentielle à consommation d’énergie élevée. La topologie du système proposé introduit des contraintes supplémentaires au fonction- nement de l’ensemble par rapport aux deux configurations classiques traitées dans la littérature, à savoir accrochage au réseau ou système autonome. L’étude vise principalement à maintenir une alimentation permanente en électricité du foyer ainsi qu’à réduire les frais du système installé tout en respectant les niveaux de confort exigés par les résidents. L’étude traite l’optimisation du système PV-Batteries, en partant du dimensionnement jusqu’au fonctionnement. Tout d’abord, sa configuration est optimisée en se basant sur une étude économique détaillée pour l’estimation des frais considérant une durée de vie de 20 ans. Le dimensionnement est formulé comme un problème d’optimisation visant la réduction du coût global du système. L’optimisation du fonctionnement du système PV-batterie vient en second lieu. Un algorithme de contrôle de charges est élaboré. Cet algorithme sert à éviter la coupure du courant électrique tout en mainte- nant des niveaux élevés de confort des habitants d’une part et en respectant les contraintes de fonctionnement du système d’autre part. La gestion des charges s’effectue à plusieurs niveaux, afin de gérer les charges prévisibles et imprévisibles. La commande développée assure la coordi- nation complète entre tous les composants de l’installation : réseau, panneaux PV, batteries de stockage et charges électriques. L’étude prouve que le contrôle des charges conçu ne se limite pas à l’optimisation du fonctionnement du système, mais contribue de même à la réduction de son coût global. Le logiciel établi est optimisé de sorte à assurer une faible consommation de mémoire et une prise de décision rapide afin de réaliser l’implémentation des codes sur des processeurs de type ARM Cortex-A9. Les résultats de simulation et d’implémentation montrent que le programme développé est générique, flexible, précis, rapide et fiable. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse attestent que le système PV-batterie proposé est bien approprié pour remplacer le réseau public pendant les périodes de coupure du courant électrique dans une application résidentielle. De plus, ce système présente une bonne fiabilité surtout lorsqu’il est couplé avec le programme de contrôle des charges développé. Mots-Clés — Photovoltaïques, réseaux électriques non fiables, pays en voie de dévelop- pement, algorithmes génétiques, optimisation, gestion de charges, implémentation numérique ix Abstract This thesis addresses the issue of intermittent primary energy source in several developing countries and considers, in particular, the case study of Lebanon. A PV-battery backup system is proposed and assessed as a replacement of the grid energy during daily power outage periods for a high energy consuming residential house. The proposed system topology introduces more critical conditions and additional constraints on the operation of the system compared to standard on-grid or standalone PV systems. The main concern is to provide permanent electricity supply to the house, reduce the resulting fees, and ensure high performance and reliability of the backup system while respecting the residents’ comfort levels. This thesis aims at thoroughly assessing the suitability of the proposed backup system by focusing on various aspects of the system. First, its configuration is optimized through the development of a detailed economic study estimating the resulting fees over its 20-year lifetime. The sizing process is formulated as an optimization problem having the sole objective of minimizing the overall cost of the system. Furthermore, a detailed comparative study of various water heating techniques is conducted to the end of determining the most suitable configuration to be coupled with the proposed backup solution. Second, the thesis targets the operation optimization of the PV-battery system by implementing a Demand Side Management (DSM) program aiming at preventing the occurrence of loss of power supply to the house while maintaining high comfort levels to the inhabitants and respecting the operation constraints of the system. The control is divided into several layers in order to manage predictable and unpredictable home appliances. The strength of the developed control lies in ensuring the complete coordination between all the components of the installation: the grid, PV panels, battery storage, and the load demand. The benefits of the DSM are proven to go beyond the operation optimization of the system since they highly affect the sizing of the backup, and by extension, the overall resulting cost. The established program is optimized for the hardware implementation process by ensuring a low memory consumption and fast decision making. The developed C codes of the full DSM program are implemented on ARM Cortex-A9 processors. The simulation and implementation results show that the developed management program is highly generic, flexible, accurate, fast, and reliable. The results presented in this thesis validate that the proposed PV-Battery backup system is highly suitable to assist unreliable grids.
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