DOCSLIB.ORG

The World Court Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The World Court Project ...ryttr• THE WORLD COURT PROJECT THE EVOLUTION AND IMPACT OF AN EFFECTIVE CITIZENS' MOVEMENT UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND THE WORLD COURT PROJECT THE EVOLUTION AND IMPACT OF AN EFFECTIVE CITIZENS MOVEMENT A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of New England by CATHERINE F. DEWES B.A.(Canterbury), L.T.C.L.(London), Dip.Tchg. (Auckland) CHRISTCHURCH, AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND OCTOBER 1998 For my daughters Jessie, Annie and Lucy Boanas That their generation and successors may 4 know a world free from the threat of nuclear annihilation CONTENTS List of Illustrations xi Preface xii Acknowledgements xvi List of Abbreviations xix List of Characters xxii Abstract xxvi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 PART I. WORLD COURT PROJECT ORIGINS: 1945-1990 2. INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCES FROM CITIZEN GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS: 1945-1981 13 2.1 Introduction 2.2 International Committee of the Red Cross 2.3 Sean MacBride 2.4 Legal Views 2.5 The Military 2.6 International Peace Bureau 2.7 World Peace Council 2.8 Scientists and Physicians 2.9 Womens International League for Peace and Freedom 2.10 Conclusions 3. THE 1980s: WOMEN MOBILISE 44 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Actions Inspired by Women 3.3 Oxford Research Group 3.4 Four Politicians:Theorin, Kelly, Vallentine, Lini 3.5 Women-Only Actions Greenham Womens Peace Camp 3.6 Conclusions vi • 4. THE 1980s: OTHER DOMESTIC INITIATIVES 67 4.1 Introduction 4.2 United Kingdom Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament International Law Against War London Nuclear Warfare Tribunal MacBride Appeal Pax Legalis Institute for Law and Peace Snowball 4.3 Other Countries Japan West Germany Netherlands Canada United States 4.4 Conclusions 5. GOVERNMENTS RESPOND 86 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Treaties and Resolutions: 1945-1980 5.3 The 1980s: A Decade of New Thinking 5.4 Unilateral Actions by States 5.5 Nuclear Free Zones 5.6 Conclusions PART II WORLD COURT PROJECT GESTATION :1986-1992 6. CITIZENS MOBILISE IN AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND: 1986-1990 103 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Harold Evans 6.3 Open Letters 6.4 Richard Falks Visit 6.5 Edward St John 6.6 Approaches to Governments 6.7 Approaches to Citizen Groups Lawyers Physicians vii • 6.8 Public Advisory Committee on Disarmament and Arms Control and the Third UN Special Session on Disarmament 6.9 Conclusions 7. AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT POLICIES: 1945-1990 • 139 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Tacit Support for Nuclear Weapons 1945-1972 7.3 Using the International Court of Justice 1973-1974 7.4 Emerging Nuclear Allergy 1972-1984 7.5 "The Kiwi Cure " 1984-1990s 7.6 Labour Governments Response to the WCP 1986-1990 7.7 Conclusions 8. INTERNATIONAL MOBILISATION: 1988-1992 167 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Citizen Groups World Association of World Federalists British Connections International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA) iS Links with the Commonwealth Parliamentarians 8.3 United Nations 1991 New York Geneva 8.4 Other Groups 8.5 WCP Co-Sponsors 8.6 WCP International Launch 8.7 Conclusions PART WORLD COURT PROJECT PROGRESS IN THE UN: 1992-1996 9. APPROACHES TO THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION 195 9.1 Introduction viii • • 9.2 Erich Geiringer 9.3 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) 9.4 World Health Assembly: 1992 Preparation Ann Marie Janson and George Salmond Presenting the Resolution Lessons Learned 9.5 World Health Assembly: 1993 Preparation WHO Executive Board Meeting Resolution and Voting Role of Citizen Groups 9.6 From the World Health Assembly to the ICJ 9.7 Conclusions 10. BUILDING PUBLIC AND GOVERNMENT SUPPORT: 1992-1994 236 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Public Participation Declarations of Public Conscience Endorsing Groups and Prominent Individuals 10.3 Case Study of Aotearoa/New Zealand: 1992-1994 10.4 WHA Submission to the Court and UNGA Resolution • 10.5 Conclusions 11. UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS: 1993 AND 1994 275 11.1 introduction 11.2 Alyn Ware 11.3 Lobbying New York Diplomats and Governments 11.4 Role of the Non-Aligned Movement 11.5 UN General Assembly: 1993 11.6 UN General Assembly: 1994 11.7 Conclusions • 12. GOING TO COURT: 1994-1996 320 12.1 Introduction ix • 12.2 Submissions to the Court World Health Assembly Question UN General Assembly Question 12.3 Aotearoa/New Zealand Reopens 1973 Nuclear Tests Case 12.4 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 12.5 Citizens Gather at The Hague 12.6 Oral Proceedings Australia Non-Aligned Movement Representatives South Pacific Islands, Japan and San Marino Nuclear Weapon States and their Allies 12.7 Conclusions PART IV. CONCLUSIONS 13. THE IMPACT OF THE WORLD COURT PROJECT.... 355 13.1 Responses to the Courts Decision 13.2 Preparing the Ground 13.3 Reasons for Success 13.4 The Role of Small States 13.5 The Role of Women 13.6 Aotearoa/New Zealand Government Reluctance 13.7 Impact on Nuclear Disarmament 13.8 Impact on Peace Movements 13.9 Lessons Learned 13.10 Concluding Thoughts Chronology 394 Appendix 397 I. Precursors to WCP II. Citizen Evidence III. WHA and UNGA ICJ resolutions Sources Consulted 423 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Leading women figures in the anti-nuclear movement 50 2. Example of media coverage of Falks 1986 visit 111 3. Some key international personalities mentioned in the text 127 4. Some key personalities and the PACDAC Committee 128 5. Aotearoa/New Zealand politicians cited in the text 150 6. Pathways to the Court 167 7. Diagram outlining groups to be contacted for WCP 172 8. WHO Lobbying Team and WCP ISC 207 9. Chronology of WHA Voting on ICJ Resolution 221 10. Diagram of 1991 UNGA Voting on Disarmament 243-4 11. A/NZ attitudes towards WCP and Disarmament 250 12. Postcard to Prime Minister Bolger 258 13. Cartoon on WCP 258 14. Photos of Ware, Tangiora and Gorbachev 294 15. Chronology of 1993 UNGA ICJ Resolution 300 16. Photos of ICJ Judges and South Pacific Legal Team 340 17. Photos of DPC Display and NZ Legal Team meeting WCP 341 18. Collage of media headlines on ICJ Opinion 359 19. Summary of opinion polls in six NATO states 380 20. ICJ Opinion implications flow diagram 383 X: • PREFACE This thesis of yours is truly a magnum opus. It brings together an enormous amount of material which might otherwise not see the light of day. ...this story must be put on record. It is important for all sorts of reasons not the least of which is that it shows how a few thinkers and citizens can start a popular movement which, with support from the appropriate professions, can build into a global movement even the most powerful countries in the world cannot ignore. This is an enormously important observation. George Salmond [1] This study began in 1994, and was initially the dissertation component for an M.A.(Hons). As it developed, it became clear that a much greater commitment of time and research was needed to do justice to the historic importance of the international citizens initiative I had chosen to document. During 1993-94 the World Court Project (WCP) helped to persuade the UN to request the International Court of Justice for an advisory opinion on the legal status of nuclear weapons. At the end of 1995 the thesis was upgraded to PhD level, which offered scope to delve more deeply into the archives of individuals and organisations behind the WCP; to interview some of the personalities who had helped it succeed; and to place the stories in the wider historical context of both Aotearoa/New Zealands (A/NZ) foreign and defence policies and international nuclear disarmament issues. [2] As one of the people who had been intimately involved in the evolution of the WCP, there were several reasons why I felt compelled to record accurately and draw out the lessons learned from, a supreme example of a successful anti-nuclear initiative which impacted significantly on international disarmament issues. Because it came primarily from A/NZ, it was important to have someone document the history who knew many of the personalities and who had some understanding of New Zealands foreign policy and the nature of its peace movement. There was also a sense of urgency to record the stories of some of the older key participants while they were alive. I was in a unique position to write this history as a long-time member of the Aotearoa and international peace movements, one of the WCP pioneers and a member of the WCP International Steering Committee (ISC); an Executive a xii member and more recently a Vice-President of the International Peace Bureau (IPB). For the past 19 years I have worked closely with the main architect of the WCP and had unrivalled access to many of the primary documents. My experience as a member of the Public Advisory Committee on Disarmament and Arms Control (PACDAC) from 1987-90, an adviser to the A/NZ Government delegation to the Third UN Special Session on Disarmament (UNSSOD III) in 1988; and as Co-Chair of the Labour Party Policy Committee on Defence and Foreign Affairs from 1988-90, has given me direct access to decision makers, government and the UN. It was from my base as a peace activist and educator that I realised the importance of sharing empowering stories with ordinary people struggling to have their voices heard in the democratic process. Through intimate involvement in the A/NZ Peace Squadron actions against nuclear warships, local neighbourhood peace groups, the womens peace movement and the campaigns for nuclear free zones, I learned the importance of translating direct action into dialogue and policy-making with decision makers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Formation of Policy on Treaty of Waitangi Claims in the Pioneering Years, 1988-1998
    Settling Treaty Claims: The Formation of Policy on Treaty of Waitangi Claims in the Pioneering Years, 1988-1998 Therese Suzanne Crocker A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2016 ABSTRACT For the past quarter-century the New Zealand government has negotiated with Māori groupings to find ways of compensating for the Crown’s historical breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi. The negotiations take place between mandated claimant negotiators and officials who represent the executive arm of government; the resultant settlements are then endorsed by legislation that declares them to be ‘full and final’ resolutions of historical grievances. This thesis analyses the way New Zealand governments conceived, introduced and implemented policies to address the claims during the pioneering years 1988–1998. The foundational policies worked out in this decade bedded-in the Treaty claims settlement processes which are now nearing their end. Through examining official archives, the thesis finds that these processes initially emerged as policy-driven responses to a combination of factors, such as the broad context of the ‘Māori Renaissance’, social shifts in understanding the past, legal cases and political pressure from iwi. The thesis goes on to explore several years of experimental negotiations and policy formulation which culminated in the Crown’s presentation in 1994 of both a suite of draft policies intended to offer a comprehensive approach to the negotiations process and a notional quantum of $1 billion to settle all historical claims (the ‘fiscal envelope’). It demonstrates that while this package was introduced to shape and contain the emergent settlement mechanisms and their outcomes, policies continued to be modified in highly significant ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensions of Remarks
    32254 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 19 7 6 before the Senate, I move, in accordance CONFffiMATIONS ject to the nominee's commitment to respond with the previous order, that the Senate to requests to appear and testify before any Executive nominations confirmed by duly constituted committee of the Senate. stand in adjournment until the hour of the Senate September 23, 1976: THE JUDICIARY 9 a.m. tomorrow. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND Howard G. Munson, of New York, to be The motion was agreed to; and at 8: 03 WELFARE U.S. district judge for the northern district p.m., the Senate adjourned until tomor­ Susan B. Gordon, of New Mexico, to be an of New York. Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Vincent L. Broderick, of New York to be row, Friday, September 24, 1976, at 9 Welfare. U.S. district judge for the southern dtstrict a.m. The above nomination was approved sub- of New York. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE POLISH NATIONAL ALLIANCE Toastmaster, Felix Mika. attractive for advertisers to distribute their OF YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO Introduction of, Jack c. Hunter, Mayor, brochures unaddressed, as newspaper sup­ Youngstown, Ohio. • plements for instance, than to distribute Introduction of guests, Toastmaster. them separately to specific people or ad­ HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY Presentation of honoree, Mary C. Grabow­ dresses. OF 01!110 ski, Commissioner District 9, PNA. "Our members should be able to use pri­ Main speaker, Aloysius A. Mazewski, Presi­ vate delivery companies to deliver advertis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent PNA. ing material just as can be done for maga­ Thursday, September 23, 1976 Presentation of deb't~tantes, Mary C.
    [Show full text]
  • Race-Ing and Engendering the Nation-State in Aotearoa/New Zealand Nan Seuffert
    Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law Volume 10 | Issue 3 Article 4 2002 Race-ing and Engendering the Nation-State in Aotearoa/New Zealand Nan Seuffert Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/jgspl Part of the Foreign Law Commons, and the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Seuffert, Nan. "Race-ing and Engendering the Nation-State in Aotearoa/New Zealand." American University Journal of Gender Social Policy and Law 10, no. 3 (2002): 597-618. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Seuffert: Race-ing and Engendering the Nation-State in Aotearoa/New Zealand SEUERT MACRO 4 WITH AUTHOR EDITS 7/17/02 4:56 PM RACE-ING AND ENGENDERING THE NATION-STATE IN AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND NAN SEUERT* I. Introduction...................................................................................................597 II. Silencing Maori Women: Alliances of Men Across Race ............................598 A. Disrupting New Zealand’s Illusion of National Unity: The Nation as Bicultural ...............................................................................................599 B. State Structural Adjustment: The Nation as Global
    [Show full text]
  • In Memoriam, HE Professor Dr. Christopher Gregory Weeramantry1
    Revista Tribuna Internacional Volumen 6 • Nº 12 • 2017 ISSN 0719-482X (versión en línea) In Memoriam, HE Professor Dr. Christopher Gregory Weeramantry1 Sergio Peña Neira [email protected] Profesor Asociado de Derecho internacional público y Filosofía del Derecho en la Universidad Bernardo O´Higgins, Doctor por la Universidad Internacional de Andalucía. El día 5 de enero de 2017 ha fallecido en Colombo, Sri Lanka, uno de los juristas más relevantes para el Derecho internacional público y particularmente para el Derecho internacional del Desarrollo, el profesor Cristopher G. Weeramantry. Nacido el 17 de noviembre de 1926 en Colombo, Ceylán gran parte de su trabajo lo efectuó allí, en Australia y en La Haya (Holanda). El Centro de Estudios de Derecho Internacional Sustentable (en sus siglas en inglés CISDL) ha expresado que el juez Weeramantry, como se le conoció universalmente, fue uno de sus miembros más ilustres. Desarrolló, sin duda, un trabajo extraordinariamente fecundo en cuanto a sus ideas desde su trabajo como juez. Un jurista de gran bondad y autoexigencia. Fue uno de sus fundadores y patrón del mismo por 16 años.2 Sus estudios los realizó en Sri Lanka, Universidad de Ceylan, su país natal, en aquel tiempo el Royal College, Colombo para luego dedicar su tiempo y esfuerzo en una licenciatura en Derecho y doctorado en el King´s College London, una universidad de fama mundial, hoy parte de la Universidad de Londres. Esta universidad, sin duda, es la más importante universidad formadora de juristas en derecho internacional, transnacional, filosofía jurídica y derecho tributario del mundo. Sus estudios en Sri Lanka fueron excelsos en cuanto obtuvo premios de diversa índole.3 Sus primero pasos se encaminaron a la Historia para luego, bajo la influencia de su hermano Lucien Weeramantry, dedicarse al Derecho.4 1 Artículo enviado el 13.07.2017 y aceptado el 19.07.2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Democrats.[1]
    CHIPP, Donald Leslie (1925–2006)Senator, Victoria, 1978–86 (Austral... http://biography.senate.gov.au/chipp-donald-leslie/ http://biography.senate.gov.au/chipp-donald-leslie/ Don Chipp's Senate career almost never happened. Dropped from Malcolm Fraser's Liberal Party ministry in December 1975, he turned this career blow into an opportunity to fight for the causes in which he believed. The result of Chipp's personal and political upheaval was the creation of a third force in Australian politics, the Australian Democrats.[1] Donald Leslie Chipp was born in Melbourne on 21 August 1925, the first child of Leslie Travancore Chipp and his wife Jessie Sarah, née McLeod. Don's father Les was a fitter and turner who later became a foreman. With Les in regular employment during the 1930s, the Chipp family was cushioned from some of the harsher aspects of the Depression years. However, the economic downturn must have had some impact, because Don remembered his father saying to his four boys that 'When you all grow up, I want you to be wearing white collars. White collars, that's what you should aim at'. Chipp matriculated from Northcote High School at the age of fifteen, then worked as a clerk for the State Electricity Commission (SEC). He also began studying part-time for a Bachelor of Commerce at the University of Melbourne. In 1943, at age eighteen, he joined the Royal Australian Air Force, and spent much of the last two years of the Second World War undergoing pilot training within Australia. Discharged as a Leading Aircraftman in September 1945, Chipp took advantage of the Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme which provided ex-service personnel with subsidised tuition and living allowances.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Giving
    ANNUAL GIVING 2016-2017 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT GIVING IN REVIEW Dear Generous Benefactors, 2016 - 2017 It is my privilege to report on a few highlights of what your generosity enabled us to July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2017 accomplish this year. The 2016-17 annual giving year saw a few records set and many enhancements to the educational experience of our Dons. The Loyola Fund Unrestricted & Designated $2,227,693 33% I continue to be humbled by the extraordinary generosity that you bestow upon the Endowed Scholarship Gifts $1,562,963 49% Loyola Blakefield community. Leading the way in support of our mission not only Capital Projects Support $523,444 The Annual Fund invests in the formation of our Dons, but inspires others to follow in your charitable 11% Blue & Gold Auction - Net Proceeds $386,718 Endowed Scholarships footsteps. 7% Capital Projects Support Let’s continue to partner with one another to create more opportunities for our Dons $4,700,818 Blue & Gold Auction to grow in their faith, conquer intellectual pursuits, and learn the value of serving others. With gratitude, ALUMNI GIVING Mr. Anthony I. Day P ’15, ’19vt month TOTAL GIFTS* President JUNE OF ALL ALUMNI 17.4% MADE A GIFT TOP 5 CLASSES $4.7 participation dollars raised million 1953 71% 1978 $352,140 1947 & 1954 42% 1982 $177,599 1949 & 1955 38% 1963 $158,580 RECORD 1960 35% 1964 $121,922 LOYOLA FUND 1952 & 1965 33% 1957 $107,515 $2.6 million BREAKING campaignFAMILY GIVING YEAR FY FY FACULTY, STAFF, AND BOARD THANK YOU TO ALL OF OUR 2016 48% 55% 2017 OF TRUSTEES GIVING DONORS AND VOLUNTEERS PERCENT PARTICIPATION BY CLASS PARTICIPATION CLASS OF 2017 43% CLASS OF 2021 62% * Every effort has been made to include all donors to Loyola Blakefield whose gifts were CLASS OF 2018 47% CLASS OF 2022 73% received between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomarbeit
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Die externe PR von NPO im Ländervergleich Österreich – Schweden“ Verfasserin Claudia Dirnböck angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, im Juni 2009 Matrikelnummer: 98 07 034 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 301 295 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft Betreuer: Ing. Mag. Dr. Klaus Lojka II "Tu deviens responsable pour toujours de ce que tu as apprivoisé." „Du bist zeitlebens für das verantwortlich, was du dir vertraut gemacht hast.“ Antoine de Saint-Exupéry III IV ä p l u s k a k a o p . v l b m O i p r a n p b g e o e e V VI Vorwort Das Schreiben einer Diplomarbeit gehört zweifelsohne zum krönenden Abschluss eines Magistrastudiums. Das Thema für meine Diplomarbeit bedurfte keiner langen Suche, war früh gefunden und ist in folgender Mo- tivation begründet, die aus drei Richtungen stammt: Public Relations (PR) sind das Vertiefungsgebiet meiner Hauptrichtung Publizistik- und Kom- munikationswissenschaft. Um Erlerntes auch in der Praxis umzusetzen, war ich im zweiten Abschnitt meines Studiums auf der Suche nach einer „Spielwiese“, die ich in der Non Profit Organisation (NPO) „Stiftung Kin- dertraum“ gefunden habe. Eckpfeiler drei stammt aus einem Teil meiner Fächerkombination mit Skandinavistik, woraus ich Schwedisch gewählt habe. Während meiner Studienzeit habe ich insgesamt eineinhalb Jahre mit viel Freude und Begeisterung im Land, das als Synonym für IKEA, ABBA und Wohlfahrtsstaat gilt - Schweden - studiert. Besonders in einer neuen Umgebung sind Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in vielerlei Angelegenheiten augenscheinlich.
    [Show full text]
  • BEYOND NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION Number 02
    BEYOND NUCLEAR NON- PROLIFERATION A Monthly Newsletter for Strengthening This page includes independent news NUMBER 02 coverage which is part of a project Awareness of Nuclear Abolition supported by Soka Gakkai International. IPS, the global news agency, brings you independent news and views on nuclear abolition. In this newsletter you will find in-depth reports by IPS correspondents and project partners from around the world as well as columns by experts, in addition to special sections for news from international NGOs and a review of the global media for a glimpse of what is happening on the ground. Join us in helping strengthen awareness about the abolition of nuclear weapons – and encourage your friends and colleagues to subscribe to this free monthly newsletter. Groups Seek World Court Opinion on Nukes By Thalif Deen UNITED NATIONS - A coalition of international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is seeking an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) - the second in 13 years - on the legality and use of nuclear weapons. Christopher Weeramantry, a former ICJ judge and president of the International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA), says more than a decade has passed since the Court unanimously declared that nuclear weapons have the "potential to destroy all civilisation and the entire ecosystem of the planet." MORE >> Mayors Gather at U.N. to Lobby Against Nukes By Matthew Berger UNITED NATIONS - The issue of nuclear disarmament being discussed with new vigour in the halls of the U.N. as the third and final preparatory committee leading up to the 2010 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) meets over the next two weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Skinny Puppy Éÿ³æ¨‚Å°ˆè¼¯ ĸ²È¡Œ (ĸ“Ⱦ‘ & Æ—¶É—´È¡¨)
    Skinny Puppy 音樂專輯 串行 (专辑 & 时间表) Weapon https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/weapon-7978041/songs The Process https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/the-process-7758446/songs VIVIsectVI https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/vivisectvi-7907100/songs The Greater Wrong of the Right https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/the-greater-wrong-of-the-right-1761720/songs Rabies https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/rabies-7278724/songs The Greater Wrong of the Right https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/the-greater-wrong-of-the-right-live-7738017/songs Live Remix Dystemper https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/remix-dystemper-7311955/songs Bootlegged, Broke, and In Solvent https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/bootlegged%2C-broke%2C-and-in-solvent-seas- Seas 16244609/songs https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/mind%3A-the-perpetual-intercourse- Mind: The Perpetual Intercourse 10585691/songs Twelve Inch Anthology https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/twelve-inch-anthology-7857610/songs The Singles Collect https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/the-singles-collect-7764468/songs Remission & Bites https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/remission-%26-bites-7311918/songs B-Sides Collect https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/b-sides-collect-4833705/songs https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/doomsday-%28skinny-puppy-album%29- Doomsday (Skinny Puppy album) 3714061/songs Bites https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/bites-1761169/songs Cleanse Fold and Manipulate https://zh.listvote.com/lists/music/albums/cleanse-fold-and-manipulate-5130586/songs
    [Show full text]
  • Ipb Annual Report 2004
    INTERNATIONAL PEACE BUREAU ANNUAL REPORT 2004 INTRODUCTION In 2004 the key issues facing the world's peace movements were little different from those they faced in the preceding 3 years. Probably they can be summed in the one word: Iraq. Armed intervention, the dominant rôle of the US, oil wars, terrorism, human rights, military spending, democracy, inter-cultural dialogue, reform of the UN...all the big themes that civil society peace organisations try to grapple with are visible there. The 'images of the year' were undoubtedly the sensational photographs of the abuses at the Abu Ghraib prison committed by US military personnel, which shook America and enraged the Arab world. Things have not got much better since then. With the re-election of the Bush team to the White House, peace advocates have had to accept that a rapid turnaround inUS policies is not on the horizon and that they must dig in for a long haul. For the IPB this was a year in two parts, separated by the great highlight of the Barcelona conference in June, which brought together over 1000 participants from all parts of the globe to debate the broad range of issues referred to above. Much of the early months at the IPB secretariat were spent preparing all the details of this extremely complicated event. The months after were focussed partly on the reporting process and partly on the development of the new project, on Women in Peacemaking. In between we also spent much time putting together the triple-purpose gathering in Florence: the seminar on UN reform; the annual Council meeting; and the MacBride Prize award ceremony.
    [Show full text]
  • Converging Currents Custom and Human Rights in the Pacific 
    September 2006, Wellington, New Zealand | STUDY PAPER 17 CoNvERgiNg CURRENTS Custom and human rights in the paCifiC The Law Commission is an independent, publicly funded, central advisory body established by statute to undertake the systematic review, reform and development of the law of New Zealand. its purpose is to help achieve law that is just, principled, and accessible, and that reflects the heritage and aspirations of the peoples of New Zealand. The Commissioners are: Right Honourable Sir geoffrey Palmer – President Dr Warren Young – Deputy President Honourable Justice Eddie Durie Helen Aikman qC The Manager of the Law Commission is Brigid Corcoran The office of the Law Commission is at 89 The Terrace, Wellington Postal address: Po Box 2590, Wellington 6001, New Zealand Document Exchange Number: sp 23534 Telephone: (04) 473–3453, Facsimile: (04) 914–4760 Email: [email protected] internet: www.lawcom.govt.nz National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication Data New Zealand. Law Commission. Custom and human rights in the Pacific / Law Commission. (Study paper, 1174-9776 ; 17) iSBN 1-877316-08-3 1. Customary law—oceania. 2. Human rights—oceania. 3. Civil rights—oceania. i. Title. ii. Series: Study paper (New Zealand. Law Commission) 340.5295—dc 22 Study Paper/Law Commission, Wellington 2006 iSSN 1174-9776 iSBN 1-877316-08-3 This study paper may be cited as NZLC SP17 This study paper is also available on the internet at the Commission’s website: www.lawcom.govt.nz <http://www.lawcom.govt.nz> LawCommissionStudyPaper He Poroporoaki The New Zealand Law Commission acknowledges with deep regret the passing of two notable Pacific leaders shortly before the printing of this study, the Maori queen and the King of Tonga.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 4 the 1980S: OTHER DOMESTIC
    CHAPTER 4 THE 1980s: OTHER DOMESTIC 06 CHALLENGES -40 GENEVA CONVET\IIIONS COVEM10V, (.0":1:;:`;713\S NO ATTACK ON %sk $sk 1\10 ATIO 0% ,p, cz' r NO aTTACK ON A pi,iFfor;:i,t444:7, ANDPEACE LET LA4 AND PEACE PREVAIL! Demonstration against mass destruction : Snowballers at a Nuclear Base. — Wiltshire Times CHAPTER 4 THE 1980s: OTHER DOMESTIC INITIATIVES 4.1 Introduction In the early 1980s a plethora of citizen organisations, especially strong in the UK, began to focus on nuclear weapons and international law. Although the UK Lawyers for Nuclear Disarmament (LND) helped inspire groups of non-lawyers such as Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), the International Law Against War (INLAW), the Institute of Law and Peace (INLAP) and Pax Legalis to use international law, it did not survive long. MacBride was an early influence on all these groups, and initiated further projects with a final goal of obtaining a request for an International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion through the UN. A variety of groups in the Netherlands, West Germany, Canada and the US challenged their governments policies in the courts. Inspired by the Greenham Women and the Nuremberg (1983) and London (1985) Tribunals, they worked collectively with lawyers taking creative actions which included the development of legally binding Nuclear Free Zones (NFZs) in cities, ports and states. Over 100 citizen-initiated Tribunals were held in Japan; and several states banned visits by nuclear warships through legislation or their constitutions (see 5.4 and 5.5). This chapter highlights some of these initiatives to illustrate how by the end of the decade the ground was fertile for pursuing the World Court Project (WCP) internationally.
    [Show full text]