OMSI Science on Screen:

Computers and the Dawn of Modern

Erik L. Arneson

@pymander https://arnesonium.com What is Cryptology? cryp•tog•ra•phy (krɪpˈtɒg rə fi) (n.) the study or the application of the techniques of secret writing, especially and cipher systems. crypt·a·nal·y·sis (krĭp′tə-năl′ĭ-sĭs) (n.) the analysis and deciphering of cryptographic writings or systems.

@pymander https://arnesonium.com Early Cryptography: Substitution Ciphers

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

D E F G H I J K L M N O P

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C

HELLO MOTHER KHOOR PRWKHU

@pymander https://arnesonium.com Early

Al-Kindi, father of Arabic philosophy (9th century CE)

@pymander https://arnesonium.com 19th Century: Cracking the Vigenère Cipher

@pymander https://arnesonium.com Codes and Codebreaking in World War I

P U G S C R Y T O A H L B D E F I K M N Q V W X Z

One-Time Pad Playfair Cipher @pymander https://arnesonium.com The Zimmerman Telegram

@pymander https://arnesonium.com Early Mechanical Ciphers

C-35 Cipher Machine M-209 Cipher Machine

@pymander https://arnesonium.com 1918: Enter the Enigma

Enigma patent drawing

@pymander https://arnesonium.com The Difficulty of the Enigma

Each of 3 scramblers in one of 17,576 26 positions (26 × 26 × 26)

Scrambler arrangement order 6 (3 × 2 × 1) Plugboard swapping with 3 100,391,791,5000 cables Total no. of keys 10,586,916,764,424,000

@pymander https://arnesonium.com Biuro Szyfrów Cracks the Enigma

Rejewski, Różycki and Zygalski

Polish Biuro Szyfrów

@pymander https://arnesonium.com 1939: Enigma's New Invulnerability

@pymander https://arnesonium.com (Government Code & Cipher School)

@pymander https://arnesonium.com Building the Bombe

Alan Turing (1912–1954)

@pymander https://arnesonium.com The Lorenz vs. the Tunny

Lorenz Cipher Machine Bletchley Park “Tunny”

@pymander https://arnesonium.com Colossus: First Electronic Digital Programmable

Tommy Flowers (1905–1998) @pymander https://arnesonium.com From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors

Transistor (definitely not to scale) @pymander https://arnesonium.com Modern Cryptography in Your Pocket

How many Enigma machines are in your pocket?

@pymander https://arnesonium.com Questions and Answers

Thank You! @pymander [email protected] https://arnesonium.com/

@pymander https://arnesonium.com