1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2263 Daniel B. Stahl, AOS057149. Eternal God, our Father, who art at.. The ilitemational standing achieved Duane G. Teuscher, A03051193. ways seeking to draw us within the by the Bank and Fund is such that the Thomas G. Tobin, A03050663. compass and circuit of Thy divine fel- international economic system of today Eugene H. Unruh, A03058777. Matthew B. Wallace, A03028808. lowship, grant that we may be eager to cannot successfully function without BertH W. Wallin, A03057092. accept and acclaim the overtures of Thy them. They are indeed vital to the con­ Alford M. White, Jr., A03048012. friendship and love. _ tinued economic growth and cohesion of Harry D. White, Jr., A03028468. We acknowledge humbly that we great- the entire free world. Richard K. Whitney, A03051137. ly need Thy counsel and companionship The National Advisory Council on In­ Joseph E. Wildt, A03058911. in order that we may be equal to all the ternational Monetary and Financial John R. Wojahn, A03058053. tasks and responsibilities which are far Problems, which is responsible for ad­ Bernard J. Zajkowski, A03058779. beyond our finite wisdom and strength. vising me with respect to United States TO BE SECOND_ LIEUTENANT-DISTINGUISHED Inspire our souls to lay hold confident- relationships with the Bank and Fund, AVIATION CADET GRADUATE ly and courageously of those principles has now recommended that the resources Larimer J. Lenhardt, A03081803. of truth and righteousness, good will and . of the Bank and Fund be increased. IN THE COAST GUARD brotherhood which Thou hast ordained I strongly concur in this recommenda­ The following-named persons to be chief for the building of a nobler civilization. tion. Accordingly, I ask that Congress, warrant officers, W-4, in the U.S. Coast May glory and majesty, dominion, and in accordance with the provisions of the Guard: power, through Jesus Christ, our Lord, Bretton Woods Agreements Act, author­ Cecil M. Thomas Oscar D. Diel be Thine forever and ever. Amen. ize the U.S. Governor of the Interna- John Needham PeterS. Fredriksen, Jr. The Journal of the proceedings of tional Moneta~y Fund to request a~d Arva S. Alexander George Tanghe .w. yesterday was read and approved. consent to an mcreas~ of 50 perc~nt m Robert J. Mohr Roy L. Daisey the quota of the Umted States m the Frank P. Coffin Cecil L. James Wesley R. Hansberry Charles E. Mueller International Monetary Fund, and au­ Gerard A. Hearn Thomas E. Harwell · thorize the U.S. Governor of the Inter- Peter Majkut Joseph M. McGahee MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT national Bank to vote for an increase of Raymond E. Holley Arthur N. Colona · A messr.ge in writing from the Presi­ 110 percent in the capital stock of the William M. Parker John E. Rowe dent of the United States was communi­ Bank, and, subject to said increase be­ The following-named persons to be chief cated to the House by Mr. Ratchford, coming effective, subscribe on behalf of warrant officers, W-3, in the U.S. Coast one of his secretaries. the United States to 31,750 additional Guard: shares of stock of the Bank, amounting Arloy F . Jensen Victor M. Adams to a doubling of the United States sub­ "A" "Z" Shows Charles I. Carpenter INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND scription. Charles H. Sanders Jack S. Breschini AND INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR The recommended increase is neces­ Richard G. Degnan F erdinand J. Selissen sary to enable the two institutions to Louis W. Stanley Ernest T. Bittman RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOP­ Jack D. Rodgers · Julian R. Sherman MENT-MESSAGE FROM THE continue to operate successfully over the Marshall K. Phillips Leo V. Walsh, Jr. PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED years ahead. Our subscriptions are the Artell B. Crowley, Jr. Adrian Fulcher STATES (H. DOC. NO. 77) only financial support we are required to Gordon R. Campbell Shelbert P. Creech give these institutions. Within the Martin F. Groff George J. McKinlock The SPEAKER laid before the House framework of their capital structure, Ronald McClellan Glenn N. Nelson the following message from the Presi­ they are self-supporting and do not re­ Lloyd T . Twiford David A. Smith dent of the United States, which was quire additional periodic contributions. Millard W. Johnson WalterS. Yearga-in read by the Clerk and, together with ac­ INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Daniel W. Cluff Elmer L. Alban companying papers, referred to the Com­ Robert C. Ashdon George D. Miller, Jr. mittee on Banking and Currency and The International Monetary Fund has George W. Hupper Frederick D. Mann two primary tasks. It promotes interna­ Harry J. Backman James W. Berry ordered to be printed: tional monetary cooperation and sound Henry 0. Aeschlima n William F. Brock To the Congress of the United States: foreign exchange practices which are Morris J. Marshall Doily Fulcher vital to the balanced growth of world William E. Hughes Merle s. Wilson In the Bretton Woods Agreements Act trade and development. It also provides Joseph L. Richardson Finis L. McClanahan of 1945 Congress authorized the partici­ Norman R. Hundwin Robert F. Konrad short-term financial assistance to mem­ John T. Mears, Jr. Cornelius A. Johnson pation of the United States in the Inter­ ber countries to help them stabilize their George D. Doll Palmer F. Guarente national Monetary Fund and in the In­ currencies, maintain or move toward Earl W. Skinner Clinton 0 . Gregory ternational Bank for Reconstruction and convertibility, and overcome temporary Lester G. Quarles Francis C. McCracken Development. balance-of-payments problems without Stanley Thoroughman Howard A. Carande This act of leadership on the part of resorting to restrictions or other prac­ The following-named persons to be chief the Government of the United States tices which may be harmful to interna­ warrant officers, W- 2, in the U.S. Coast made it possible to bring these two great tional cooperation. In its financial oper­ Guard: international institutions into being and ations, the Fund utilizes the gold and Frederick J. Alles William F. Kortlang to launch a major effort among the na­ currencies which have been provided to Edward J. Fraser William E. Woodman tions of the free world designed to estab­ it by the member countries on the basis Thomas A. Gauld Robert E. Bonville lish an effective and continuing system of of their quotas. These operations con­ Melvin C. Mize Robert L. Williams, Jr. international cooperation in the fields of Paul P . Sherrill Neil H. Endsley sist of advances or drawings repayable Timot hy J. Crowley Charles 0. Franklin monetary and exchange policy and eco­ in not more than 3 to 5 years. John H. DeBoe nomic development. Since the beginning of its operations, Since their foundation 12 years ago, the Fund has made available about $4.1 U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE the United States has given vigorous John G. Tucker, of Texas, to be U.S. dis­ billion to 36 countries. Of this sum $3.2 trict ju dge for the eastern district of Texas, support to the Bank and the Fund. billion was actually drawn in cash; com­ vice Lamar Cecil, deceased. The two institutions have been out­ mitments of over $800 million under standingly successful. standby arrangements or lines of credit .. -...... The Bank has assisted on an increasing are still outstanding; and $100 million in scale the economic growth of the less such credits were allowed to expire un­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES developed countries through well-con­ used. ·Approximately two-thirds of the ceived and intelligently executed de­ total was provided during the past 2 THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1959 velopment projects. The Fund, through years, and the total amount of drawings the provision of wise counsel and timely and unused standby commitments out­ The House met at 10: 30 o'clock a.m. financial assistance to member countries standing on December 31, 1958, was $2.6 The Chaplain,Rev.Bernard Braskamp, faced with balance-of-payments diffi­ billion. On that date, the Fund's hold­ D.D., offered the following prayer: culties, has successfully promoted the ings of gold and U.S. dollars available Judges 18: 5: Ask counsel of God, that adoption of sound fiscal, monetary and for new advances or commitments were we may know whether our way, which we foreign exchange ·policies in member $1.4 billion, compared with $3.5 billion go, shall be prosperous. countries. at the end of 1956. In the light of past 2264 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- HOUSE February 12 experience, this amount would not be ity securities. Both because of the mem­ . tive, to insure further progress toward adequate if calls on the fund comparable ber countries' guarantees and because realizing a better life for the peoples of to those of recent years were made. The of the outstanding character of its rec­ the free world. fund must maintain sufficient liquid re­ ord, the Bank has been able to borrow DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. sources to constitute a second line of large sums of money at frequent inter­ THE WHITE HousE, February 12, 1959. reserves to which its members can turn vals at rates of interest comparable to with assurance at any time. those on high-grade Government securi­ The proposed general increase of 50 ties. This permits the Bank to fix inter­ RECESS percent in the resources of the Fund, to­ est rates on its own loans that do not im­ The SPEAKER. The House will stand gether with larger increases requested . pose undue burdens on the borrowing in recess subject to the call of the Chair. by a few countries, will meet this need. countries. Thereupon ABRAHAM LINCOLN I should like to stress the cooperative of time. No part of the increase in our THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS, nature of this proposed increase in fund subscription would be required to be FRED SCHWENGEL, CHAmMAN resources. Three-fourths of the gold to paid in except to meet defaults on the For the Senate: PAUL H. DOUGLAS, of Illi­ be paid to the fund will come from other Bank's obligations. There is no reason nois; EVERE'IT M. DmKsEN, of Illinois; JoHN S. countries. Moreover, the additional to believe that this contingent liability CooPER, of Kentucky; VANCE HARTKE, of holdings of other leading currencies will will become a real one. Indiana. be increasingly useful to the fund, par­ As in the case of the Fund, the pro­ For the House: PETER F. MACK, JR., of ticularly in view of the recent extension posed increase in the capital of the Illinois; WINFIELD K. DENTON, Of Indiana; Bank will not become effective until sub­ FRED SCHWENGEL, of Iowa; WILLIAM G. BRAY, of the convertibility of major European of Indiana. currencies. This increase in resources scriptions have been received for ap­ on a very broad base is assured by the proximately 75 percent of the existing capital. This will assure a wide ·par­ THE PROGRAM FOR THE JOINT SESSION provision that the increase will not be­ Prelude ______u.s. Army Band Orchestra come effective until members having 75 ticipation by the member countries. percent of present fund quotas have con­ The Special Report of the National Maj. Hugh J. Curry, leader Advisory Council, which describes in Presiding officer------The Speaker sented to quota increases. detail the proposal to increase the re­ Hon. SAM RAYBURN INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND sources of the Bank and Fund, is Invocation _____ Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D.D. DEVELOPMENT The Chaplain of the House of Representatives attached. D istinguished guests presented. The International Bank for Recon­ The entire free world needs sound cur­ Songs ____ The Idlers, Choral Group of Cadets struction and Development has, in its rencies and orderly exchange systems to U.S. Coast Guard Academy 12 years of operations, made loans of foster trade and economic growth and it Reading of the Gettysburg address ______over $4 billion in 49 different countries needs capital which will support rising Fredric M arch and territories. The Bank's reconstruc­ living standards and accelerate the pace BenedictionAddress ------Carl______Sandburg _ tion loans were made in 1947, and since of economic development in all of the then the Bank has made loans of some member countries. The International Rev. Frederick Brown Harris, D.D. $3.6 billion for productive development Monetary Fund and the International The Chaplain of the Senate projects. Loans by the Bank are cur­ Fank for Reconstruction and Develop­ The Speaker of the House presided. rently running at the rate of about $700 ment have achieved outstanding records The Doorkeeper announced the Vice million per year. Most of these loans as effective instruments toward these President and Members of the U.S. Sen­ have been made to the underdeveloped ends. For the well-being of the free ate, who entered the Hall of the House areas of the world. The Bank's own fi­ world and in our own interest, it is of Representatives, the Vice President nancing and technical assistance activi­ essential that the proposed increases in taking the chair at the right of the ties have increased the pace of economic the resources of these two institutions Speaker and the Senators occupying growth all over the free world. The take place. seats in front of the Representatives on Bank has also been able to act as a con­ There is real urgency for prompt ac­ the east and west side of the main aisle. duit and stimulant to the flow of private tion. The United States has for many The Doorkeeper announced the fol­ capital into less developed areas. months been taking the lead in this im­ lowing guests: Under the charter of the International portant effort to equip the Bank and Former Vice President of the United Bank, only a small part of its authorized Fund to continue their work. The coun­ States Henry A. Wallace. capital is available for lending, and the tries of the free world look to the United The assistant heads of departments; Bank obtains its funds primarily through states, because of our economic strength, heads of independent agencies, offices, borrowings in the financial markets of to set the pace by acting without delay and commissions; Lincoln Sesquicenten­ the world. Most of its authorized capi­ to take up our subscription in the new nial Commission, honorary and advisory tal is, in effect, a guarantee for these stock of the Bank and to pay our quota members, Director and Assistant Direc­ borrowings. The Bank has raised the increase in the Fund. I consider it to tor; and Civil War Centennial Commis­ equivalent of more than $2 billion be most important for the U.S. sion Director and Assistant Director who through issuance of its bonds in several Government to maintain the posture of occupied seats assigned them on the different currencies. Approximately leadership which it now occupies. To floor. $1.8 billion of such bonds are currently this end, I urge the Congress to enact The Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, outstanding. These bonds are recog­ the necessary legislation so that these Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of nized throughout the world as high qual- increases may promptly be made effec- Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the 1959 - CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD- HOUSE 2265 Air Force, Commandant of the Marine niu8i:c: · "Lord, Thou Hast Been Our present to you this great writer, this Corps, commandant of the Coast Guard, Dwelling Place Forever," "America," great historian, Carl Sandburg. generals of the Army, fleet ad­ "Dixie," "When Johnnie Comes March­ [Applause,·the Members rising.] mirals who occupied seats assigned them ing Home," "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, th~ Mr. SANDBURG. Before beginning on the floor. · Boys Are Marching," "Ora Lee," "Battle this prepared address, I must make the The Chief Justice of the United States Hymn of the ·Republic,"· "Taps;" and remark that this introduction, this re­ and the Associate Justices of the Su­ tJ:ie closing portion of "Lincoln's Gettys­ ception here calls for humility rather preme Court, who occupied seats on the burg Address." Arrangement by Band­ than pride. I am well aware of that. left of the rostrum. master Janse. Not often in the story of mankind The Ambassadors, Ministers, and READING OF THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS does a man arrive on earth who is both Charges d'Affaires of foreign govern­ steel and velvet, who is as hard as rock ments who occupied seats assigned them The SPEAKER. Members of the Con­ and soft as drifting fog, who holds in on the floor. gress, it is now my great pleasure to pre­ his heart and mind the paradox of ter­ The members of the President's Cab­ sent a very famous man who has be~n rible storm and peace unspeakable and inet who occupied seats in front of and heard and seen throughout the country perfect. Here and there across cen­ on the right of the rostrum. and throughout the world, twice an turies come reports of men alleged to Mr. Fredric March, escorted by the Academy Award winner, and selected for have these contrasts. And the incom­ his present role after consultation with parable Abraham Lincoln born 150 years committee of Senators and Representa­ the Motion Picture Association of the tives, took his place at the Clerk's desk. ago this day, is an approach if not a United States of America. I take great perfect realization of this character. In [Applause, the Members rising.] pleasure, therefore, in presenting to you Mr. Carl Sandburg, escorted by the the time of the April lilacs in the year a distinguished cititzen, a fine man, and 1865, on his death, the casket with his committee of Senators and Representa­ a great artist, Fredric March. [Ap­ tives, took his place at the Clerk's desk. body was carried north and west a plause, the Members rising.] thousand miles; and the American peo­ [Applause, the Members rising;] Mr. March will now read the Gettys­ The joint session of Congress was ple wept as never before; bells sobbed, burg Address. cities wore crepe; people stood in tears called to order by the Speaker. Mr. MARCH. Mr. President, Mr. INVOCATION and with hats off as the railroad burial Speaker, Members of the Congress, hon­ car paused in the leading cities of seven The SPEAKER. The invocation will ored guests: States ending its journey at Springfield, be delivered by the Reverend Bernard "Fourscore and seven years ago our Ill., the hometown. During the 4 years Braskamp, D.D., Chaplain of the House fathers brought forth on this continent a he was-President he at times, especially of Representatives. new nation, conceived in liberty and in the first 3 months, took to himself Dr. BRASKAMP. I Corinthians 13: 13: dedicated to the proposition that all men the powers of a dictator; he commanded And now abideth faith, hope, and char­ are created equal. the most powerful armies till then as­ ity, these three; but the greatest of these "Now we are engaged in a great civil sembled in modern warfare; he enforced is charity. war, testing whether that nation or any conscription of soldiers for the first time Most merciful and gracious God, we nation so conceived and so dedicated can in American history; under imperative have assembled here to -pay tribute to long endure. We are met on a great necessity he abolished the right of the life and character of a great Amer­ battlefield of that war. We have come habeus corpus; he directed politically ican patriot who stood like a g_iant to dedicate a portion of that field, as a and spiritually the wild, massive tur­ among his contemporaries and whose final resting-place for those who here bulent forces let loose in civil war; he record of heroic service has made an in­ gave their lives that that nation might argued and pleaded for compensated delible impression upon succeeding gen­ live. It is altogether fitting and proper emanicipation of the slaves. The slaves erations. that we should do this. were property, they were on the tax­ We rejoice that he always kept the "But, in a larger sense, we cannot books along with horses and cattle, windows of his soul open toward the . dedicate-we cannot consecrate-we the v::\uation of each slave written next unseen and eternal, whence came his in­ cannot hallow-this ground. The brave to his name on the tax assessor's books. sight and inspiration, his faith and for­ men," living and dead, who struggled here, Failing to get action on compensated titude, his humility and charity. have consecrated it, far above our poor emancipation, as a Chief Executive hav­ Grant that his indomitable passion for power to add or detract. The world will ing war powers he issu:c-d the paper by the preservation of the Union may also little note, nor long remember what we which he declared the· slaves to be free inspire our longing to promote and pre­ say here, but it can never forget what under military necessity. In the end serve the union and concord of God­ they did here. It is for us the living, nearly $4 million worth of property was fearing men and nations in their search rather, to be dedicated here to the unfin­ taken away from those who were legal and struggle for peace and freedom. ished work which they who fought here owners of it, property confiscated, wiped May our beloved country continue to have thus far so nobly advanced. It is out as by fire and turned to ashes, at pray and labor to bring to fulfillment rather for us to be here dedicated to the his instigation and executive direction. and fruition that blessed day when all great task remaining before us-that Chattel property recognized and lawful the members of the human family shall from these honored dead we take in­ for 300 years was · expropriated, seized walk and work together in friendship creased devotion to that cause for which without payment. · and fraternity. they gave the last full measure of devo­ In the month the war began he told his Hear us in the name of the Prince of tion-that we here highly resolve that secretary, John Hay: Peace. Amen. these dead shall not have died in vain­ My policy is to have no pblicy. THE U.S. ARMY BAND that this nation, under God, shall have a new ·birth of freedom-and that govern­ Three years later in a letter to a Ken­ The SPEAKER. Members of the Con­ ment of the people, by the people, for the tucky friend made public, he confessed gress, we will now have the pleasure of people, shall not perish from the earth." plainly: some renditions by the U.S. Army Band [Applause, the Members rising.] I have been controlled by events. under the direction of Maj. Hugh Curry. The U.S. Army Band played the fol­ ADDRESS · His words at Gettysburg were sacred, lowing marches: "Adoration," "Spirit of The SPEAKER. And now it becomes yet strange with a color of the familiar: Independence," "Man of the Hour," and my great pleasure, and I deem it a high We cannot consecrate-we cannot hallow­ "All-American Soldier." privilege, to be able to present to you this ground. The brave men, living and The SPEAKER. Members of the Con­ the man who in all probability knows dead, who struggled here, have consecrated gress, we will now be entertained by a more about the life, the times, the hopes, it, far beyond our poor power to add or choral group as known as the Idlers, and the aspirations of Abraham Lin­ detract. Cadets of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. coln than any other human being. He He could have said "the brave Union The coast Gua1~d Academy Chorus, has studied and has put on paper his men." Did he have a purpose in omit­ the Idlers, under the direction of Band­ conceptions o{ the towering figure of this ting the word "Union?" Was he keeping master Donald L. Janse, rendered a med­ great and this good man. I take pleasure himself and his utterance clear of. the ley· of excerpts from sacred and secular and I deem it an honor to be able to passion th~t would not be good to look 2266 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 1~ back on when the time came for peace for the young blacks should be included in Millions there are who take him as a per­ and reconciliation? Did. he mean to the plan. sonal treasure. He had something they leave an implication that there were To Gov. Michel Hahn, elected in 1864 would like to see spread everywhere over brave Union men and brave Confederate by a majority of the 11,000 white male the world. - Democracy? We cannot men, living and dead, who had struggled voters who had taken the oath of say exactly what it is, but he had it. In there? We do not know, of a certainty. allegiance to the Union, Lincoln wrote: his blood and bones he carried it. In Was he thinking of the Kentucky father Now you are about to have a convention the breath of his speeches and writings whose two sons died in battle, one in which, among other things, will probably it is there. Popular government? Re­ Union blue, the other in Confederate define the elective franchise, I barely sug­ publican institutions? Government gray, the father inscribing on the stone gest. for your private consideration, whether where the people have the say-so, one over their double grave, "God knows some of the colored people may not be Jet way or another telling their elected lead­ which was right"? We do not know. His in-as for instance the very intelligent and ers what they want? He had the idea. changing policies from time to time especially those who have fought gallantly It is there in the lights and shadows of aimed at saving the Union. In the end in our ranks. his personality, a mystery that can be his armies won and his Nation became Among the million words in the Lin­ lived but never fully spoken in words. a world power. In August of 1864 he coln utterance record, he interprets him­ Our good friend, the poet and play­ wrote a memorandum that he expected self with a more keen precision than wright Mark Van Doren, tells us: in view of the national situation, he someone else offering to explain him. To me, Lincoln seems, in some ways, the expected to lose the next November elec­ His simple opening of the "house most interesting man who ever lived. He tion. That month of August was so divided" speech in 1858 serves for today: was gentle but this gentleness was combined dark. Sudden military victory brought If we could first know where we are, and with a terrific toughness, an iron strength. the tide his way; the vote was 2,200,000 whither we are tending we could better judge And how did Lincoln say he would for him and 1,800,000 against him. what to do, and how to do it. like to be remembered? Something of it Among his bitter opponents were such is in this present occasion, the at­ figures as Samuel F. B. Morse, inventor To his Kentucky friend, Joshua F. Speed, he wrote in 1855: mosphere of this room. His beloved of the telegraph, and Cyrus H. McCor­ friend, Representative Owen Lovejoy, of mick, inventor of the farm reaper. In Our progress in degeneracy appears to me to be pretty rapid. As a Nation we began Illinois, had died in May of 1864, and all its essential propositions the southern by declaring that "all men are created equal, friends wrote to Lincoln and he replied Confederacy had the moral support of except Negroes." When the know-nothings that the pressure of duties kept him from powerful, respectable elements through­ get control, it will read "all men are created joining them in efforts for a marble out the North, probably more than a mil­ equal except Negroes and foreigners and monument to Lovejoy, the last sentence lion voters believing in the justice of the Catholics." When it comes to this, I shall of Lincoln's letter, saying: southern cause. While the war winds prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretense of loving liberty. Let him have the marble monument along howled he insisted that the Mississippi with the well-assured and more enduring was one river meant to belong to one Infinitely tender was his word from a one in the hearts of those who love liberty, country, that railroad connection from White House balcony to a crowd on the unselfishly, for all men. coast to coast must be pushed through White House lawn: and the Union Pacific Railroad made a Today we may say, perhaps, that the I have not w1llingly planted a thorn in well-assured and most enduring me­ reality. While the luck of war wavered any man's bosom. and broke and came again, as generals morial to Lincoln is invisibly there, to­ failed and campaigns were lost, he held Or to a military Governor: day, tomorrow, and for a long time yet enough forces of the north together to I shall dp nothing through malice; what to come. It is there in the hearts of raise new armies and supply them, until I deal with is too vast for malice. lovers of liberty, men and women-this generals were found who made war as country has always had them in crises­ victorious war has always been made, He wrote for Congress to read on men and women who understand that with terror, frightfulness, destruction, December 1, 1862: wherever there is freedom there have and on both sides, North and South, valor In times like the present men should. utter been those who fought, toiled, and sacri­ and sacrifice past words of man to tell. nothing for which they would not willingly ficed for it. In the mixed shame and blame of the be responsible through time and eternity. I thank you. [Applause, the Members immense wrongs of two crashing civili­ Like an ancient psalmist he warned rising.] zations, often with nothing to say, he Congress: BENEDICTION said nothing, slept not at all, and on oc­ Fellow citizens, we cannot escape history. The SPEAKER. The benediction wili casions he was seen to weep in a way We will be remembered in spite of ourselves. be pronounced by Dr. Frederick Brown that made weeping appropriate, decent, No personal significance or insignificance can Harris, Chaplain of the U.S. Senate. majestic. As he rode alone on horseback spare one or another of us. The fiery trial Dr. HARRIS. Our Father God, from near Soldiers Home on the edge of Wash­ through which we pass will light us down in this national sacrament of gratitude and ington one night his hat was shot off; honor or dishonor to the latest generation. memory, with the winged words of a a son he loved died as he watched at Wanting Congress to break and forget prophet of our day lodged in our hearts, the bed; his wife was accused of betray­ past traditions his words came keen and with the light of Thy countenance lifted ing information to the enemy, until de­ flashing: upc:: us, nials from him were necessary. An In­ Send us forth into this testing, try­ diana man at the White House heard The dogmas of the quiet past are inade­ ing time with the faith and patience of quate for the stormy present. We must him say, "Voorhees, don't it seem strange think anew, we must act anew, we must Thy servant, Abraham Lincoln-like to you that I, who could never so much disenthrall ourselves. him- as cuf off the head of a chicken, should To be true to all truth the world denies, be elected, or selected, into the midst of They are the sort of words that actu­ ated the mind and will of the men who Not tongue-tied by its gilded lies; all this blood?" He tried to guide Gen­ Not always right in all men's eyes, eral Nathaniel Prentiss Banks, a Demo­ created and navigated that marvel of the sea, the N au tilus, and her voyage from But faithful to the light within. crat, three times Governor of Massachu­ Amen. setts, in the governing of some 17 of the Pearl Harbor and under the North Pole 48 parishes of Louisiana controlled by icecap. RETmEMENT OF DISTINGUISHED GUESTS the Union armies, an area holding a The people of many other countries The Doorkeeper escorted the distin­ fourth of the slaves of Louisiana. He take Lincoln now for their own. He be­ guished guests from the Chamber in the would like to see the State recognize the longs to them. He stands for decency, following order: emancipation proclamation: honest dealing, plain talk,· and funny The members of the President's Cabi­ stories. "Look where he came from­ net. And while she is at it, I thihk it would not be objectionable for her to adopt some don't he know all us strugglers and The Chief Justice of the United States practical system by which the two races wasn't he a kind of tough struggler all and the Associate Justices of the United could gradually live themselves out of their his life right up to the finish?" Some­ States Supreme Court. old relation to each other, and both come thing like that you can hear in any near­ The ambassadors, ministers, and out better prepared for the new. Education by -neighborhood and across the seaS". charges d'affaires· of foreign governments. 1959 CONGRESSI()NAL RECORD- HOUSE 2267 The assistant heads of departments; of Congress, ·the privilege of Ameri­ lery: .in Paris. Unlike Lincoln, he was heads of independent agencies, offices, can citizenship, a considerable annual principally a soldier. and commissions; Lincoln Sesquicenten­ pension with landed . estates, and the But in spite of their divergent back­ nial Commission, honorary and advisory: rank of brigadier general. A year later grounds, Lincoln and Kosciuszko were members, Director and Assistant Direc­ he returned to his native Poland for alike in their love of liberty and justice, tor; and Civil War Centennial Commis­ many years he led the struggling Polish and in their belief in the dignity and sion Director and Assistant Director. people in their unending battle for in­ basic equality of men. The Chairman, Joint Chief of Staff, dependence. In 1796 he came to the It is these convictions which they Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval United States for a second visit and shared, and for which they lived and Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air lived in Philadelphia until May 1798. died, that have earned them our love, F orce, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Gaining new insights into the demo­ gratitude, and honor. Commandant of the Coast Guard, gen­ cratic process, he returned to Europe The lives of these two men, and their erals of the Army, and fleet admirals. and made one last, but fruitless attempt achievements, are well known to all of us. to restore the sovereignty of his home­ I shall not endeavor to repeat them. I JOINT SESSION DISSOLVED land at the Congress of Vienna. At length would, however, like to bring out one he retired to his estates. His last act be­ point which seems very significant, and The EPEAKER. The Chair declares fore his death on April 2, 1817, was very pertinent to the problems which our the joint session of the two Houses dis­ typical of a lifetime devoted to the free­ Nation, and the rest of the free world, solved. dom of the individual and belief in the ·face today. Thereupon (at 11 o'clock and 58 min­ dignity of man. He freed all the serfs Both Lincoln and Kosciuszko were in­ utes a.m.) the joint session of the two in his care, insisting only on the mainte­ volved directly in tremendous struggles Houses of Congress was dissolved. nance of schools on the liberated estates. to assure the freedom, and the unity, of The Members of the TJ.S. Senate re­ Today, with a world so torn with fear our Nation. And they both clearly real­ tired to their Chamber. and ideological conflict it is well that ized, and so indicated in their speeches we in the United States pause to pay ar'l writings, that those wars were not AFTER RECESS tribute to a great military leader, a great fortght solely for the sake of the then­ The recess having expired, the House statesman, and a great American. His living generations. Those wars were was called to order by the Speaker at 11 energy, his insight and his unfailing be­ fought so that generations to come could o'clock and 59 minutes p.m. lief in man as a rational political being enjoy liberty, justice, and progress in a provide a contemporary lesson for us. free, democratic, and united nation. all. Poland still fights in the name of We, too, are involved in a great and BIRTHDAY OF A GREAT PATRIOT, Kosciuszko. America remembers. terrible conflict: the conflict between the LEAD~R. AND REVOLUTIONARY Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, February free world and communism. The out­ WAR HERO: THADDEUS KOSCI­ 12 marks the 213th anniversary of the come of this conflict may well determine USZKO birth of Thaddeus Kosciuszk:.>, who con­ the survival of our western civilization, Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask tributed greatly to the b::J.ttle for free­ and the survival of the priceless heritage unanimous consent to extend my re­ dom both in his native Poland and in which came to us through the efforts and m l3Jrks in the RECORD and also that any America. sacrifices of men like Lincoln and Member who may desire to do so may Born in Poland in 1746 and educated Kosciuszko. have 3 legislative days in which to extend in the military schools of Poland and We must realize and remember, his remarks in the RECORD on the life France, Kosciuszko came to our shores therefore, as they did so clearly, that and character of Thaddeus Kosciuszko. during the dark days of the Revolution what is at stake in this conflict is not The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and unselfishly devoted his great ability only our own future, but also the future the request of the gentleman from New to the establishment of freedom and in­ of our children and of our children's York? dependence in America. children for many generations to come. There was no objection. To the cause of the struggling colonies Our actions today will determine the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, to­ Kosciuszkv brought three things: Scien­ framework of the society in which they day, February 12, is the birthday of a tific knowledge, strength of character, will live for decades and even centuries great Polish-American patriot. Tadeusz and unwavering enthusia:;m for the to come. Kosciuszko was one of those unique cause of liberty. His contribution to the With God's help, and a firm stand and European statesmen whose thinking was struggle for American independence was willingness to sacrifice on our part, we far beyond his contemporary lifetime. rivaled only by his fight for the freedom may preserve our heritage and pass it on Above all, Kosciuszko was a democrat of his native Poland. to our children, so that they too will be in the tradition of Jefferson and Lafay­ Today all the people of America join able to enjoy liberty and justice. ette. He implicitly believed in man's de­ with Americans of Polish descent in pay­ This is our responsibility. God give sire and ability to grow, develop, and be­ ing tribute to this great Polish patriot. us strength that, inspired by the example come strong under the democratic form His name will live always in the hearts of Lincoln and Kosciuszko, our Nation of government. Throughout his long of all people who believe in justice, today and in the days to come may live life-February 12, 1746, to April 2, freedom, 3-nd self-government. up to that responsibility. 1817-Kosciuszko devoted his entire en­ Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, we Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Speaker, February ergy and talent to furthering this belief have gathereressed carried him One of the bills that it will consider is a Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu­ across the seas to fight for principle on a rule on a bill reported by t he Commit­ tive communications were taken from the foreign shore. His participation in the tee on Ways and Means relating to the Speaker's table and referred as follows: Revolution was vital. A master in the taxation of insurance companies. If a 553. A letter from the Deputy Secretary of art of fortification construction, he is rule is reported out, it is my intention to Defense, transmitting a draft of proposed credited with laying the groundwork for bring that up on Wednes1ay. legislation, entitled "A bill to amend title some of the Americans' most outstanding At this time I know of no other legis­ 10, United States Code, to authorize the military achievements. And once the lation or no other matter that I can pro­ S ecretary of Defense and the Secretaries of war was over and America was free, the gram for next week, but I do not by the military departments to grant return people of his adopted land poured honors any remark of mine want to be placed in rights to career and career-conditional em­ ployees under certain conditions"; to the on Kosciuszko and bid him remain, as a the position where I am foreclosed from Committee on Armed Services. distinguished and respected citizen. assigning any legislation that we can 554. A letter from the Deputy Secretary of But the ideal of democracy is a mov­ bring up. As usual, and as is my cus­ Defense, transmitting a draft of proposed ing force, and it would not let Kosciuszko tom, I would give the House, if there is legislation entitled "A bill to amend sec­ rest. In a few years he was back in his any further program, as much advance tion 203 of the Career Compensation Act of native Poland, campaigning as an apos­ notice as possible. Of course, that state­ 1949, as amended, to provide for authority tle of constitutional government. Long ment does not include matters going to make payments of special pay for. certain subjected to the presence of foreign through by unanimous consent where physicians, dentists, and veterinarians after June 30, 1959"; to the Committee on Armed troops on their soil, the Polish people they are very carefully screened by the Services. grasped at the teachings of democracy, leadership on both sides of the aisle, in­ 555. A letter from the Assistant Secretary and in 1791 rose up to form a constitu­ cluding the chairman and the ranking of the Interior, transmitting a summary of tional monarchy, in the hope of at last member of the committee, and which contracts made by the Bureau of Indian Af­ attaining political unity and repelling require immediate action. fairs, for the fiscal year 1958, pursuant to foreign domination. When the neigh­ The only bill I know of now that I section 4 of the act of June 4, 1936 ( 49 Stat. boring states of Russia and Prussia com­ can announce is the bill relating to the 1458, 1459); to the Committee on Interior bined with certain Polish nobles to quell taxation of insurance companies. That and Insular Affairs. 556. A letter from the Secretary of the this democratic demonstration Kosci­ will definitely be put down for Wednes­ Treasury, transmitting a draft of proposed uszko met them on the battlefield and day if a rule is reported. legislation entitled "A bill to specify proc­ though initially defeated he returned in esses which shall be considered mining for 1794 at the head of an insurrectionary the purpose of computing percentage deple­ army to revive the democratic cause. PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY tion in the case of minerals and ores, and to For a moment, and for a moment only, Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. revise the depletion rates with respect to Kosciuszko sat at the head of the coun­ certain clays when used to make common Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. brick and tile products"; to the Committee sels of a free Poland. Temporarily tri­ The SPEAKER pro tempore.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The Businessman in Public Affairs greatly affected with the public interest, attitude against speaking one's mind on namely, the aviation industry. He is controversial issues--has taken seed among now, I am happy to say, our colleague too many of us. It is a measure of the fail­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ure of the democratic process-a failure in in the Senate. I ask unanimous consent the belief in the great dialogue of democ­ OF that his thoughtful and timely address, racy-when anyone, businessman, profes­ "The Businessman in Public Affairs," be sional man, or teacher, fears to participate HON. ERNEST GRUENING printed in the RECORD. in the political process. OF ALASKA There being- no objection, the address Therefore, I am much heartened by the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNrJ:ED STATES to U.S. Chamber of Commerce program of the was ordered be printed in the RECORD, Aircade and local political workshops to en­ Thursday, February 12, 1959 as follows: courage the political activity and participa­ THE BUSINESSMAN IN PuBLIC AFFAIRS tion of businessmen. Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, the Mr. Toastmaster, members of the Weirton . However, I would offer a word of caution. address I am about to ask to have in­ Chamber of Commerce, and guests, it is a For there is some indicati.on that this action serted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD pleasure to be with you and to discuss the is stimulated by the concern within the was made yesterday by a man who is role of the businessman in public affairs. thinking of some members of the chamber peculiarly qualified to make it. It is on This is a question which has long been of for what is seen as the growing power and the subject "The Businessman in Public interest and personal concern to me--since political effectiveness of organized labor. Affairs," and was made to the Weirton, I have considered myself a businessman as I hope that this view will not dominate the well as one professionally interested in pub­ political actions of businessmen. I hope W.Va., Chamber of Commerce. The that they will see their role in larger terms­ speaker was the senior Senator from lic affairs-and I nqte that it is a subject which is becoming of increasing regard to and not merely in opposition to labor. For West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPH]. He be­ your own organization. any action which is cast in terins of protag­ gan his activities as a working news­ During the campaign last fall an incident onist and antagonist limits the freedom of paperman. Then he became, successive­ the actors--by limiting the scope of their occurred which I think highlights one aspect imagination and perception. ly, a newspaper editor, a magazine editor, of our discussion tonight. As I was walking a college professor, and a business along the street in my home community of I would digress a moment to illustrate this Elkins, talking with the voters and discussing principle in reference to our own national executive. attitudes toward the Soviet Union. Russia• JENNINGS RANDOLPH served With dis­ the issues, I was stopped by a citizen who has at one and the same time become our na­ tinction for seven terms in the House of drew me into a doorway to discuss the cam­ paign. Mter finishing our conversation I tional demon and the gage by which we Representatives. In the course of that asked him why he had drawn me off the measure our own pr_ogress. We are too fre­ service, I was privileged to have him, street and into the privacy of a doorway. quently confronted with such questions as '!Are American schools as advanced as those with other members of a House com­ Whereupon he replied: "You know I am in mittee, visit us in Alaska, where his of Russia?" "Do we offer _enough support business and I must b~ very careful of what !or basic research in science and technology interest in its problems was reflected in I do and say." compared with that of Russia?" "Are race subsequent legislation. Thoug~ this man may have dramatized his relations ln the United States strengthening After his ·seven terms in the House, fears somewhat, ladies and gentlemen, he the position of Russia in world opinion?" JENNiNGS RANDOLPH became a busine-SS does not .represent an isolated -state of mind. Thus, in recent years, we have too fre­ executive again in an industry which is ror, the rule of prudence--the precauti