San Joaquin River Watershed Sanitary Survey Focuses on Evaluating the Potential Contaminant Sources in the Watershed That Could Adversely Affect Water Quality
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State of California The Resources Agency Department of Water Resources The Municipal Water Quality Investigations Program State Water Project Sanitary Survey Volume 1 of 5: The San Joaquin River Watershed June 2015 Edmund Brown Jr. John Laird Mark W. Cowin Governor Secretary for Resources Director State of California The Resources Agency Department of Water Resources State of California Edmund G. Brown Jr., Governor California Natural Resources Agency John Laird, Secretary for Natural Resources Department of Water Resources Mark W. Cowin, Director Laura King Moon, Chief Deputy Director Office of the Chief Counsel Public Affairs Office Internal Audit Office Cathy Crothers Ed Wilson Jeff Ingles Office of Workforce Equality Policy Advisor Legislative Affairs Office Stephanie Varrelman Waiman Yip Kasey Schimke, Ass’t Dir. Deputy Directors Gary Bardini Integrated Water Management Assistant to Deputy Director: C Brown; Assistant Deputy Director J Andrew Carl Torgersen State Water Project Assistant to Deputy Director: D Adachi, M Kirkland, J Gleim, and D Uding; Assistant Deputy Director: M Andersen John Pacheco, acting California Energy Resources Scheduling Kathie Kishaba Business Operations Assistant to Deputy Director: J Cole Division of Environmental Services Dean F. Messer, Chief Office of Water Quality Stephani A. Spaar, Chief Municipal Water Quality Program Branch Municipal Water Quality Investigations Section Cindy Garcia, Chief Rachel Pisor, Chief Kim Koski, Staff Services Analyst Prepared under the Direction of Rachel Pisor By Shaun Rohrer, Environmental Scientist Sonia Miller, Environmental Scientist And Otome Lindsey, Environmental Scientist Municipal Water Quality Program Branch Municipal Water Quality Section Rachel Pisor, Chief Marcia Scavone-Tansey, Environmental Scientist Shaun Rohrer, Environmental Scientist Jason Moore, Environmental Scientist Sonia Miller, Environmental Scientist Water Quality Special Studies Section Theodore Swift, Senior Environmental Scientist Mark Bettencourt, Senior Environmental Scientist Quality Assurance/Quality Control Section Rose Harrelson, Senior Environmental Scientist Murage Ngatia, Environmental Scientist Otome Lindsey, Environmental Scientist Field Support Section Steven San Julian, Chief Travis Brown, Environmental Scientist Arin Conner, Environmental Scientist Jeremy Del Cid, Environmental Scientist Editorial review, graphics, and report production Under direction of Supervisor of Technical Publications Patricia Cornelius Research Writers Frank Keeley Charlie Olivares Carole Rains William O’Daly Jeff Woled Contents Contents ..................................................................................................................................................... i Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... iv Figures .................................................................................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 1 Regulatory Environment ........................................................................................................................... 1 Watershed Description .............................................................................................................................. 1 Potential Contaminant Sources ................................................................................................................. 1 Wastewater Treatment Plants ................................................................................................................ 2 Urban Runoff ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Agricultural Discharges ........................................................................................................................ 3 Confined Animal Facilities ................................................................................................................... 3 Water Quality ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Key Findings and Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 5 METRIC CONVERSION TABLE.......................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 12 History of the SWP Sanitary Survey ....................................................................................................... 12 Scope and Objectives of 2013/14 Update ............................................................................................... 13 Report Organization ................................................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 1 – Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 2 – Regulatory Environment ................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 3 – Watershed Description .................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 4 – Potential Contaminant Sources........................................................................................ 13 Chapter 5 – Water Quality .................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter 6 – Key Findings and Recommendations .............................................................................. 14 Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 15 Descriptive Plots ..................................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2: REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 18 State Plans and Policies .......................................................................................................................... 18 San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Water Quality Control Plan ............................... 18 Proposed Policy for Nutrients for Inland Surface Waters of the State of California .......................... 20 Central Valley Plans and Programs ........................................................................................................ 22 Water Quality Control Plan for the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River Basins ....................... 22 Total Maximum Daily Loads .............................................................................................................. 25 Wastewater Discharges ....................................................................................................................... 26 Urban Runoff ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Agricultural Discharges ...................................................................................................................... 29 Confined Animal Facilities ................................................................................................................. 31 Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long-Term Sustainability ................................................... 33 Grassland Bypass Project .................................................................................................................... 35 Central Valley Drinking Water Policy ................................................................................................ 36 i San Joaquin River Restoration Program ............................................................................................. 36 Work Cited .............................................................................................................................................. 39 Websites .............................................................................................................................................. 39 Personal Communications................................................................................................................... 42 CHAPTER 3: WATERSHED DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................... 44 Land Use ............................................................................................................................................. 44 Geology and Soils ............................................................................................................................... 49 Climate ................................................................................................................................................ 51 Hydrology ..........................................................................................................................................