Strategy for Integrated Revitalisation of Hornad/Hernad River Valley
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__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ This document has been developed in the frame of the Tisa Catchment Area Development (TICAD) project. The Ticad project is financed by the South East Europe Transnational Cooparation Programme of the European Union. Pilot Project PiP1 is prepared by the Slovak Environmental Agency (SEA) and the VÁTI Hungarian Nonprofit Limited Liability Company for Regional Development and Town Planning. Edited by Slovak Environmental Agency (SEA), Tajovského 28 975 90 Banská Bystrica -2- __________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENT 1.INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................4 1.1. Aim of the pilot project in the TICAD Project.......................................................4 1.2. Characteristics of the PiP1 target area ...............................................................4 2. TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS OF THE PIP1 TARGET AREA..................................6 2.1. Social characteristics..........................................................................................6 2.1.1. Selected demographic characteristics .............................................................6 2.1.2. Demographic prognosis...................................................................................9 2.2. Settlement structure .........................................................................................10 2.3. Economic characteristics...............................................................................13 2.3.1. Industry.......................................................................................................13 2.3.2. Agriculture ..................................................................................................15 2.3.3. Tourism and cultural heritage .....................................................................16 2.4. Natural characteristics and environmental characteristics.............................19 2.4.1. Land use.....................................................................................................19 2.4.2. Water management ....................................................................................21 2.4.3. Environment characteristics........................................................................24 2.4.3.1. Air ............................................................................................................24 2.4.3.2. Soils.........................................................................................................24 2.4.3.3. Protected areas .......................................................................................25 2.4.4. Territorial and settlement infrastructure ......................................................27 2.4.4.1. Flood protection.......................................................................................27 2.4.4.2. Transport .................................................................................................30 2.4.4.3. Infrastructure ...........................................................................................32 3. SWOT ANALYSIS...............................................................................................33 4. STRATEGY.........................................................................................................39 -3- __________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION 1.1. Aim of the pilot project in the TICAD Project The pilot project PiP1 – Slovakia/Hungary - Integrated revitalisation of the Hornád /Hernád River Valley cotains the creation of national database and information about the target area, national analysis, synthesis and strategy. The objective of The pilot project PiP1 – Slovakia/Hungary - Integrated revitalisation of the Hornád /Hernád River Valley is: creation of database of information about the target area , comprehensive analysis of the project area proposal of crossborder (Slovakia-Hungary) Integrated revitalisation of the Hornád /Hernád River Valley proposal strategy for balanced regional development, particularly in the water management and flood protection 1.2. Characteristics of the pilot project area The pilot project area is situated south of and around the city of Košice in Slovakia and northeast of the city of Miskolc in Hungary. The Slovak part of the pilot project area is a part of the Košice region and it includes 4 districts of the city of Košice (Košice I – IV) and a predominant part of the Košice-okolie district. It has the area of 1 250 km 2. The Hungarian part of the pilot project area is a part of the Borsod-Abaúj- Zemplén region and it includes 5 micro-regions. It has the area of 1 827 km 2. Very strong influence in the Hungarian part has Miskolc (also in cross-border relations to Košice) although is not a part of the pilot project area. The population number in 213 settlements of the pilot project area is about 453 000 inhabitants (2009), in 108 settlements in Slovakia it is about 313 000 inhabitants and in 105 settlements in Hungary it is about 140 000 inhabitants. Pilot project area within the Tisa Catchment area -4- __________________________________________________________________________________________ The main water course of the pilot project area is the river Hornád/Hernád. The area of the Hornád/Hernád River Basin is 5 436 km 2 and of it 4 427 km 2 is situated in Slovakia and 1 013 km 2 is situated in Hungary. The total length of the river Hornád/Hernád is 294 km and of it 186 km is situated in Slovakia and 108 km in Hungary. Part of the Bodva River Basin also belongs into the pilot project area in Slovakia, mainly the Ida River with the area of 381 km 2 and the total length of 53 km. It is the most important left-hand tributary of the Bodva River. The Ida River drainages the southeast part of the Volovské Mountains and the west part of the Košice Basin. In Hungary, the Szerencs–Takta River Basin with the area of 621 km 2 presents the part of the pilot project area situated in the he southwest part of the Eperjes–Tokaj Mountain Range. The most important tributaries of the Hornád River in Slovakia are: the Svinka Stream, the Torysa River, the Olšava River, the Levo ča Stream, the Margecianka Stream, the Slovinský Stream and the Hnilec Stream. The most important tributaries of the Hornád River in Hungary are the rivers: the Garadna, the Bélus, the Vasonca, the Szartos, the Csenk ő, the Gönc, the Vadász, the river branch Kis-Hernád ( “Lesser Hernád” ). The most important tributaries of the Ida River are the Čečejovský Stream and the Mokranský Stream. The most important tributaries of the Szerencs-Takto are the streams: the Gilip, the Harangod, the Boldogk őváralja, the Aranyos, the Fennsíki- csatorna ( “Plateau Channel” ) and the Mád Stream. In terms of geomorphology , the pilot project area in Slovakia belongs to the West Carpathians. The major part of the pilot project area is situated in the Košice Basin. The south part, on the border with Hungary, is situated in the Bodvianska Highlands. The northwest part is in the Slovak Rocky Mountains (Volovské Mountains and Čierka hora). The east part is situated in the Slanské Mountains. The pilot project area in Hungary belongs to several geographical regions such as the Great Plain in the southeast (where it forms part of the Middle Tisza Region) and in the southwest (forming part of the Alluvium Plain of the Northern Great Plain), and the Northern Hungarian Mountains in the east (where it forms part of the Tokaj– Zemplén Mountains). The rest of the area belongs to the Northern Hungarian Mountains and to the Northern Hungarian basins. In terms of relief , east and south parts of the pilot area in Slovakia have the mountainous relief with hills in the south and in the east and mountains in the northwest. The south part is situated in plains. The Hungarian pilot project area is highly versatile with plains in the south and in the central parts of the area, with rolling hills in the west, and with mountains in the east. The area has an altitude of between 80 m and 753 m above sea level. The geological structure of the pilot project area in Slovakia is varied. There are the complexes of the Inner Carpathians (Veporikum, Gemerikum), neogene volcanic rocks and neogene sediments. The major part of the pilot area creates neogene sediments. These are mostly: sandstones, conglomerates, limestones and clays. The northwest part of the pilot area has the most complicated geological structure of the -5- __________________________________________________________________________________________ whole area. The area is created by metasandstones, metaconglomerates, phyllites, carbonates, schist. The east part of the pilot area creates mostly andesites. In the pilot project area in Hungary, the rolling hills of the area consist of volcanic tuff, Pannonian sediments (sand and clay) and young deposits, loess, and loam. The Hernád Valley forms the boundary between the Cserehát Plateau and the Tokaj Mountain. Formed tectonically at the turn of the tertiary and the quaternary periods, this subsidence trench was gradually filled up with sediment thanks to the action of the secondary streams of the area. The upper strata of the Hernád Valley consist of Pleistocene gravel, red clay, and loess. The eastern