Analisi Del Mercato Dell'abbigliamento Americano

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Analisi Del Mercato Dell'abbigliamento Americano Analisi del Mercato dell’Abbigliamento Americano È consentito l’utilizzo, anche parziale, del contenuto degli interventi riportati, purché venga fatto riferimento alla fonte PRESENTAZIONE Gli Stati Uniti d’America rappresentano il più grande mercato per l’abbigliamento a livello mondiale. In considerazione della capacità di acquisto e della complessità di questo mercato, la Camera di Commercio di Treviso ha promosso la realizzazione di un’analisi preliminare sulle modalità di approccio al consumatore americano di abbigliamento, avvalendosi dello studio e della collaborazione del Consorzio universitario CIMBA – Consortium Institute of Management and Business Analysis con sede ad Asolo. L’indagine che presentiamo fornisce ai produttori di abbigliamento elementi conoscitivi di base che rappresentano il primo step per l’elaborazione di una strategia di penetrazione commerciale nel mercato statunitense. Attraverso questo studio l’Ente camerale, nell’ambito delle proprie funzioni istituzionali di diffusione della conoscenza a supporto dello sviluppo locale e delle iniziative previste dallo Sportello regionale per l’Internazionalizzazione - SPRINT Veneto, ha inteso offrire alle imprese provinciali attive in uno dei settori portanti dell’economia trevigiana un supporto informativo che possa essere d’aiuto per sfruttare le potenzialità del grande mercato americano. Sottoponiamo quindi alle imprese e agli operatori interessati del settore la presente indagine, nell’auspicio che i dati e le analisi fornite consentano di potenziare le esportazioni e di favorire la crescita e l’affermazione dell’abbigliamento Made in Treviso nel più importante e strategico mercato attualmente esistente. Camera di Commercio Treviso 3 INDICE COMPRENDERE IL MERCATO 7 Dati di mercato 7 Quote di mercato 7 Crescita del mercato 7 Dati socio-economici 8 Il profilo del consumatore 9 La fedeltà al marchio 9 COSTRUIRE UN VANTAGGIO COMPETITIVO 11 I fattori chiave del successo 11 Lo sviluppo del prodotto 12 Tipologie di Prodotti 12 Pubblicità e campagne promozionali 13 Prezzi 14 Punti di forza e debolezze 14 Opportunità 15 Minacce 17 Barriere all’entrata 17 DISTRIBUZIONE 19 Profilo dei Distributori 19 Grossisti e distributori 19 Grandi magazzini 19 I negozi monomarca 20 I “discount” 20 I “quality indipendents” 21 Le boutiques 21 Internet 21 Gli importatori 22 I compratori-buyer internazionali 22 Le trading companies 22 Gli agenti 23 La consegna 23 LE TENDENZE 25 Le tendenze storiche 25 Le tendenze attuali 25 Raccomandazioni 27 La vostra azienda è pronta ad entrare nel mercato Americano? 27 Regione che offre la maggiore probabilità di successo per voi 28 5 FIERE 29 Fiere italiane a cui partecipano buyer americani 29 Le più importanti fiere americane 30 Esempi di prezzi al dettaglio 33 Trasportare in America 36 Logistica 36 Etichettatura 37 Comparazione taglie italiane-americane 37 Bibliografia 39 Istruzione e Appendice 42 6 COMPRENDERE IL MERCATO Il mercato dell’abbigliamento americano può intimorire le aziende italiane che vogliano espandersi al di là dell’Atlantico. Tuttavia, l’ingresso nel mercato americano può risultare molto profittevole se effettuato mediante prodotti e modi giusti. Le aziende italiane di abbigliamento sono una parte importante del panorama americano e questa indagine è intesa a delineare i meccanismi di tale mercato e come le aziende italiane possano competere in quello che è considerato il mercato più competitivo e profittevole al mondo. Dati di mercato Quote di Mercato Nel 2003 gli Stati Uniti hanno speso 115.5 miliardi di dollari in abbigliamento: sono i più grandi consumatori di abiti al mondo.1Tale spesa corrisponde ad un incremento dell’1.9% rispetto al 2002, a testimonianza della forte ripresa rispetto alla caduta dei consumi avutasi nel 2000. Il mercato dell’abbigliamento americano è dominato da aziende dal marchio forte e ampiamente riconosciuto, basti pensare che i 5 più grandi dettaglianti contano per il 30% delle vendite totali. Nel 2003 gli Stati Uniti hanno importato 71 miliardi di dollari di abiti da tutte le parti del mondo: sono i più grandi importatori a livello mondiale. Questa cifra rappresenta il 30% delle importazioni mondiali di abiti ed è sbalorditiva se comparata ai 60 miliardi di dollari importati dall’intera Unione Europea.2 La maggioranza delle importazioni di abiti negli Stati Uniti proviene dai mercati asiatici (58%), seguiti dall’America Latina (26%), mentre l’intera Unione Europea arranca figurando con un modesto 3.7% sul totale delle importazioni (di cui 2.3 miliardi di dollari provengono dall’Italia). Crescita del Mercato In seguito alla continua e progressiva delocalizzazione della produzione in mercati stranieri e alla vendita di prodotti domestici in mercati stranieri, tra il 1997 ed il 2002, le importazioni negli Stati Uniti sono cresciute del 35%. Durante lo stesso periodo, le importazioni provenienti dall’Unione Europea 1 Euromonitor, Clothing Retailers in the US, http://www.euromonitor.com/Clothing_retailers_in_USA 2 US Office of Textiles and Apparel, Italy Data, http://otexa.ita.doc.gov/ 7 sono cresciute solamente del 10%. La spesa totale nel 2004 è cresciuta rispetto a quella dell’anno precedente con vendite mensili maggiori ogni mese.3 Anche le importazioni italiane sono state toccate da tale crescita (l’ammontare delle importazioni italiane negli Stati Uniti è duplicato nei passati 12 mesi), nonostante la crescita si sia rallentata negli ultimi 5 anni a causa della spietata concorrenza orientale (Sud-Est asiatico) e del calo dei consumi seguito agli attentati dell’11 settembre. A partire dal 2000, il mercato dell’abbigliamento americano è cresciuto in maniera rilevante grazie agli acquisti on-line, i quali continuano a duplicarsi. L’intero mercato dell’abbigliamento on-line rappresenta solo il 3% delle vendite totali, ma ci si aspetta che arrivi al 10% nel giro di 10 anni. In considerazione di questa tendenza, molte società stanno guardando ad Internet per raggiungere quei consumatori a cui piace fare shopping nella privacy e nel comfort delle loro case. Le società che stanno crescendo più lentamente sono quelle che, per raggiungere i loro clienti, si sono affidate unicamente a cataloghi, quali Lands End e Spiegel. Ora tali cataloghi si posssono trovare anche on-line oltre che nei negozi tradizionali. Dati Socio-Economici E’ sempre più evidente una crescente consapevolezza relativa alle condizioni in cui gli abiti sono prodotti all’estero. Le aziende che scelgono di acquistare gli abiti da altre nazioni sono sempre più sotto pressione affinché divulghino informazioni inerenti alle condizioni di lavoro nelle fabbriche straniere e alle retribuzioni. Per questo motivo molte grandi aziende hanno iniziato a pubblicare tali informazioni in Comunicati di Responsabilità Sociale. Sebbene fornire le suddette informazioni non sia necessariamente una problematica che affligge le aziende italiane, ciò può tuttavia rappresentare per queste un’opportunità nel mercato. Se la pressione pubblica continua ad insistere affinché si migliorino le condizioni negli stabilimenti stranieri e si paghino equamente i lavoratori, i prezzi potrebbero alzarsi in Paesi come Cina ed India. Inoltre, le aziende che potranno provare che il loro modo di produrre abiti è equo ed onesto potrebbero essere quindi avvantaggiate nella commercializzazione dei loro prodotti. Un esempio delle misure socio-economiche utilizzate dalle aziende può essere rintracciato nel sito della Gap, www.gapinc.com, cliccando alla voce Social Responsibility. 3 US Office of Textiles and Apparel, Italy Data, http://otexa.ita.doc.gov/ 8 Il profilo del consumatore Quella americana è una società orientata al consumatore. Le innumerevoli aziende che si spartiscono il mercato statunitense hanno posto sempre maggiore attenzione a soddisfare le richieste dei consumatori che di conseguenza oggi si possono definire “viziati”. Per questo motivo è spesso molto meglio creare direttamente il prodotto giusto per il consumatore piuttosto che semplicemente proporre al consumatore il proprio prodotto qualsiasi esso sia. L’utilizzo dei colori varia a seconda del clima e delle tendenze. Generalmente, le città meridionali preferiscono colori più tenui e luminosi. In California e Florida la cultura latino-americana ha forti influenze sui comportamenti d’acquisto.4 Nonostante ciò, gli stili rintracciabili in California sono molto simili a quelli presenti a New York. In ciascuna delle principali etnie vi sono poi ulteriori distinzioni di gusti e stili. Ad influenzare le scelte del consumatore contribuiscono pure il fine per cui un capo viene acquistato e le caratteristiche-necessità del tessuto in questione. Sono ricercati prodotti che siano abbastanza resistenti da superare vari lavaggi, inoltre prodotti che tengano caldo ma che pesino poco e che non si sgualciscano (Lifestyle Monitor ha recentemente confermato che il 53% delle donne spenderà il 15% in più per pantaloni del valore di circa 30 dollari che non sgualciscano).5 Nonostante tutto, il comfort è sempre un fattore principale nel processo di selezione dell’abbigliamento (in un sondaggio del 2002 il 51% degli intervistati ha dichiarato di preferire abiti comodi anzichè alla moda per una notte in città). 6 La fedeltà al marchio I consumatori americani sono sicuramente orientati ai marchi ed infatti tendono a comprare ciò che appare di successo. Per tale motivo, avere un marchio che è stato ben pubblicizzato sicuramente aumenta le possibilità di successo di un prodotto. E’ inoltre importante che tali campagne pubblicitarie stabiliscano
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