An Analysis of Gender Issues in the Lost Girl and the Plumed Serpent by D.H. Lawrence Ela Akgün November 2005
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
AN ANALYSIS OF GENDER ISSUES IN THE LOST GIRL AND THE PLUMED SERPENT BY D.H. LAWRENCE ELA AKGÜN NOVEMBER 2005 AN ANALYSIS OF GENDER ISSUES IN THE LOST GIRL AND THE PLUMED SERPENT BY D.H. LAWRENCE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ELA AKGÜN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE NOVEMBER 2005 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences ___________________ Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. ____________________ Prof. Dr. Wolf König Head of Department Foreign Language Education This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. ____________________ Prof. Dr. Meral Çileli Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Meral Çileli (METU, FLE) __________________ Prof. Dr. Esin Tezer (METU, EDS) __________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Margaret Sönmez (METU, FLE) __________________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all materials and results that are not original in this work. Name, Last name: Ela Akgün Signature : iii ABSTRACT AN ANALYSIS OF GENDER ISSUES IN THE LOST GIRL AND THE PLUMED SERPENT BY D.H. LAWRENCE Akgün, Ela M.A., Department of Foreign Language Education Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Meral Çileli November 2005, 110 pages This thesis analyzes the ways how David Herbert Lawrence advocates sexual politics in his novels The Lost Girl and The Plumed Serpent. The thesis argues that although D.H. Lawrence portrays modern women’s search for identity in The Lost Girl and The Plumed Serpent, his attitude is that of a very conventional man who advertises his male fantasies through female characters; and the gender role that he finally assigns to women is unquestioning submissiveness to male authority. The power relations between sexes and the depiction of modern woman in both novels are analyzed as propagandas of patriarchy. This thesis makes use of feminist reading which requires analyses of texts with reference to behavioral codes that are incorporated in the novels and to the systematic patriarchal propaganda which is imposed through textual strategies. The reason for choosing this method of analysis for the present study is to trace the ways in which sexual politics operate within the novels The Lost Girl and The Plumed Serpent by D.H. Lawrence. Keywords: Sexual Politics, Propaganda, David Herbert Lawrence iv ÖZ D.H. LAWRENCE’IN KAYIP KIZ VE TÜYLÜ YILAN ADLI ROMANLARINDA TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET KAVRAMININ ANALİZİ Akgün, Ela Yüksek Lisans, Yabancı Diller Eğitimi Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Meral Çileli Kasım 2005, 110 sayfa Bu çalışma Kayıp Kız ve Tüylü Yılan adlı romanlarında David Herbert Richards Lawrence’ın cinsel politikayı nasıl savunduğunu incelemiştir. Çalışma, D.H. Lawrence Kayıp Kız ve Tüylü Yılan’da her ne kadar çağdaş kadının kimlik arayışını işliyormuş gibi görünse de yazarın tavrının eril fantezilerini kadın karakterler aracılığıyla yansıtan tipik bir erkek tavrı olduğunu ve sonuçta kadına verdiği rolün erkek otoritesine kayıtsız şartsız boyun eğme olduğunu savunmaktadır. Her iki romanda da cinsler arası güç ilişkisi ve çağdaş kadın tanımlamaları ataerkil düzenin propagandaları olarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, metinlerin romanlarda bulunan davranış biçimlerine ve metinsel stratejilerle empoze edilen ataerkil propagandalara dayandırılarak incelenmesini gerektiren feminist okumadan faydalanmıştır. Çalışma için bu tekniğin seçilmesinin nedeni D.H. Lawrence’ın Kayıp Kız ve Tüylü Yılan adlı romanlarında cinsel politikanın işlediği yolları bulmaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cinsel Politika, Propaganda, David Herbert Lawrence v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express her gratitude to her supervisor Prof. Dr. Meral Çileli for her guidance, advice, criticism, encouragements and insight throughout the research. The author would also like to thank to Prof. Dr. Esin Tezer and Assist. Prof. Dr. Margaret Sönmez for their suggestions and comments. The moral assistance of my family and Mr. Kenan Aykut Özbek are gratefully acknowledged. vi To my family vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM ............................................................................................ iii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... iv ÖZ ................................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................ vi DEDICATION ............................................................................................vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................1 1.1 Background to the Writer .........................................................1 1.2. Theoretical Background ........................................................... 9 1.3.1. Kate Millett and Politics of Gender ............................... 9 1.3.2. Jacques Derrida and Metaphysics of Presence ............ 19 2. BIOLOGY ........................................................................................ 22 2.1. The Lost Girl.................................................................... 23 2.2. The Plumed Serpent..........................................................34 3. EDUCATION AND WOMEN ........................................................37 3.1. The Lost Girl.....................................................................38 3.2. The Plumed Serpent..........................................................41 4. OCCUPATION AND WOMEN ..................................................... 46 4.1. The Lost Girl.................................................................... 47 4.2. The Plumed Serpent......................................................... 55 5. MEN VERSUS WOMEN ............................................................... 57 5.1. The Lost Girl.................................................................... 58 5.2. The Plumed Serpent......................................................... 70 6. MARRIAGE AND WOMEN ......................................................... 81 6.1. The Lost Girl.................................................................... 82 6.2. The Plumed Serpent......................................................... 90 7. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................102 REFERENCES...........................................................................................108 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE WRITER David Herbert Richards Lawrence (1885-1930) is a novelist, a story writer, poet, an essayist, a playwright, a painter and above all a philosopher who develops his own philosophy about issues about life. He wrote extensively on politics, education, religion and sexuality which point to Lawrence’s large perspective concerning life. His works are full of representations of human psyche and the human condition through which he conveys his ideas (Danburry 86). The reason why he was focusing on these issues was that he was displeased with the modern world which he found diseased mostly because of industrialization and wars, and he believed that he was “living in a time of cosmic crisis” (Kermode 155). As a strong believer of Apocalypse, Lawrence thought that this kind of crisis was essential for the betterment of the world and the humans, and he expected that there should be a certain fall before renovation (Kermode 155). He told Ottoline Morell that “Our death must be accomplished first, then we will rise up.” (qtd. in Kermode 156). This “rise up” in Lawrence’s philosophy is the regaining of the equilibrium “which recognizes difference but values balance” in life since he believed that there was a certain balance in the world and this balance was beginning to shatter, as he explains in many of his essays including “Nottingham and the Mining Countryside” and “Reflections on the Death of Porcupine” (Williams 73). Thus, he not only dealt with the renovation but also focused on the fall and its reasons in both his philosophical and literary writings. 1 According to Lawrence, life consists of opposing principles. He believes that everything in the world has an opposite. These opposites are in continuous conflict, yet they are complementary at the same time, and the equilibrium in life can only be preserved so long as these conflicting yet complementary elements are present. In his poem “Death is not Evil, Evil is Mechanical” he defines self as a thing of kisses and strife a lit up shaft of rain a calling column of blood a rose tree bronzey with thorns a mixture of yea and nay a rainbow of love and hate a wind that blows back and forth a creature of beautiful peace like a river and a creature of conflict, like a cataract. (qtd in Williams 14) Just like the self which comprises “kisses and strife”, “yea and nay” in it simultaneously, any kind of relationship including the one between man and woman also includes such conflicting pairs. In fact, the relationship