DOCSLIB.ORG

Master's Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Master's Thesis MASTER'S THESIS Analysis of UDP-based Reliable Transport using Network Emulation Andreas Vernersson 2015 Master of Science in Engineering Technology Computer Science and Engineering Luleå University of Technology Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering Abstract The TCP protocol is the foundation of the Internet of yesterday and today. In most cases it simply works and is both robust and versatile. However, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in building new reliable transport protocols based on UDP to handle certain problems and situations better, such as head-of-line blocking and IP address changes. The first part of the thesis starts with a study of a few existing reliable UDP-based transport protocols, SCTP which can also be used natively on IP, QUIC and uTP, to see what they can offer and how they work, in terms of features and underlying mechanisms. The second part consists of performance and congestion tests of QUIC and uTP imple- mentations. The emulation framework Mininet was used to perform these tests using controllable network properties. While easy to get started with, a number of issues were found in Mininet that had to be resolved to improve the accuracy of emulation. The tests of QUIC have shown performance improvements since a similar test in 2013 by Connectify, while new tests have identified specific areas that might require further analysis such as QUIC’s fairness to TCP and performance impact of delay jitter. The tests of two different uTP implementations have shown that they are very similar, but also a few differences such as slow-start growth and back-off handling. A previously identified problem with increasing queuing-delay could be replicated with both uTP implementations but new experiments show that a small amount of packet loss seems to prevent this problem. This work has shown how Mininet can be used to build test systems to analyze UDP- based transport protocol implementations. iii Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 1.1 Background..................................2 1.2 Problem description and goals........................2 1.3 Demarcations.................................3 1.4 Thesis outline.................................3 Chapter 2 – Theory 5 2.1 A short history of TCP............................7 2.2 TCP mechanisms...............................8 2.3 Why UDP................................... 10 2.4 Overview of UDP-based protocols...................... 11 2.5 Delays, BDP and fairness.......................... 12 2.6 SCTP..................................... 14 2.7 QUIC..................................... 16 2.7.1 QUIC Implementation........................ 18 2.7.2 Related work on QUIC........................ 18 2.8 uTP...................................... 21 2.8.1 uTP Implementations........................ 23 2.8.2 Related work on uTP......................... 24 2.9 Mininet.................................... 25 2.9.1 Python example............................ 26 2.10 Brief overview of used tools......................... 27 Chapter 3 – Methodology 29 3.1 Alternative test methods........................... 30 3.2 Selection of tests............................... 31 Chapter 4 – Mininet 33 4.1 Rationale................................... 33 4.2 Test system setup............................... 34 4.3 Test system verification............................ 35 4.3.1 Packet delay and jitter........................ 35 4.3.2 Packet loss............................... 36 4.3.3 Queue length............................. 37 4.3.4 Bandwidth and congestion...................... 38 4.4 Issues and solutions.............................. 38 Chapter 5 – Google QUIC 47 5.1 Test setup................................... 47 5.2 Connectify performance comparison test.................. 48 5.2.1 Connectify performance comparison results............. 48 5.3 New performance tests............................ 50 5.3.1 New performance tests results.................... 52 5.4 Congestion tests................................ 56 5.4.1 Congestion tests results....................... 56 5.5 Conclusions for QUIC............................ 59 Chapter 6 – uTorrent Transport Protocol (uTP) 61 6.1 Test setup................................... 61 6.2 Performance tests............................... 62 6.2.1 Performance tests results....................... 62 6.3 Congestion tests................................ 66 6.3.1 Congestion tests results....................... 67 6.4 Growing queuing delay............................ 68 6.4.1 Growing queuing delay results.................... 69 6.5 Conclusions for uTP............................. 74 Chapter 7 – Conclusions 75 7.1 Discussion................................... 75 7.2 Conclusions.................................. 76 7.3 Further work................................. 77 References – 79 Appendix A– Test system details I Appendix B– List of abbreviations III vi Chapter 1 Introduction The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the foundation of the Internet of yesterday and today. In most cases it simply just works and is both robust and versatile. However, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in building new reliable transport protocols based on the unreliable User Datagram Protocol (UDP). In this thesis, we will first study three reliable UDP-based protocols to learn what prob- lems and situations they are trying to handle better and how they are different from TCP. Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP) is a generic transport protocol that designed to run directly over IP[1], but can also be used over UDP when the operating systems that lacks a kernel implementation of SCTP[2]. Thereby, a user space implementation of SCTP can be used. Google’s Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) is used for transporting web requests and responses[3]. uTorrent Transport Protocol (uTP) which is used by BitTorrent for peer to peer file sharing[4]. Looking at SCTP, QUIC and uTP, several features that are not widely possible with TCP emerge. For example QUIC connections can handle IP address changes[3], which are not uncommon when smart phones switch between Wi-Fi and mobile networks, and uTP that can transfer files using low bandwidth priority[4]. 1 2 Introduction The second part of this thesis examines QUIC and uTP in more detail to test actual protocol implementations using network emulation. These tests are performed to evaluate the implementations’ performance characteristics in different network situations, and their congestion handling to see how they react to concurrent TCP connections. The tests were performed using Mininet[5], a software based network emulator, which makes it possible to test implementations using different network properties in a con- trolled environment. 1.1 Background The background of this thesis was to learn more about new UDP-based reliable transport protocols and the limitations of TCP. Not for implementing or improving a specific appli- cation, but to be able to consider alternative protocols when developing new applications in the future. Depending on the situation and the set of requirements, there might be a more suitable protocol than TCP. The tests are performed to evaluate the implementations, both to gain better experience and understanding of them but also to create a test system that can be useful to test other implementations in the future. The performance characteristics in different net- work situations and comparison with TCP are important decision factors when selecting an implementation. To check their congestion handling is important to avoid causing unintended effects for other users or the networks. QUIC was selected because it’s a new and relatively complex protocol that has already been deployed by Google servers and in Chrome browser[3][6], and because it has not seen much public analysis yet. uTP was selected because of its unique low priority con- gestion control and it’s wide usage[7] and that multiple implementations exists and can be compared[8][9]. 1.2 Problem description and goals The goal of this thesis is to examine the design of the protocols SCTP over UDP, QUIC and uTP and to test the implementations of QUIC and uTP to evaluate their network performance and congestion handling. 1.3. Demarcations 3 In particular, the thesis tries to answer the following questions: • What limitations of TCP can reliable UDP-based protocols handle better? • Which features do reliable UDP protocols offer compared to TCP and how do they work? • How can Mininet be used to test reliable UDP implementations? • How does the QUIC implementation perform compared to TCP? • What differences are there between the popular uTP implementations and how do they perform compared to TCP? 1.3 Demarcations To limit the scope of the thesis and keep time constraints, the following was not included. • Detailed review of the protocol design or implementations. • Complete evaluations of the implementations, for example their compatibility, scal- ability or security. • The effects when emulating corruption and reordering to network packets. 1.4 Thesis outline Chapter 2 begins with a short refresher on reliable transport protocols, a few relevant TCP mechanisms, why UDP is necessary and a few words about delays and fairness. Thereafter follows the study of three existing reliable UDP transport protocols to see what problems they are trying to solve and how they work, including related work. The chapter ends with an introduction to Mininet, the network emulator used to test and measure different aspects of the implementations. Chapter 3 describes
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New York University Annual Survey of American Law New York of American Law University Annual Survey
    nys69-2_cv_nys69-2_cv 9/22/2014 8:41 AM Page 2 (trap 04 plate) Vol. 69 No. 2 Vol. New York University Annual Survey of American Law New York University Annual Survey of American Law New York ARTICLES TOWARD ADEQUACY Sarah L. Brinton SHOULD EVIDENCE OF SETTLEMENT NEGOTIATIONS AFFECT ATTORNEYS’ FEES AWARDS? Seth Katsuya Endo A LOOK INSIDE THE BUTLER’S CUPBOARD: HOW THE EXTERNAL WORLD REVEALS INTERNAL STATE OF MIND IN LEGAL NARRATIVES Cathren Koehlert-Page NOTES EXPERTISE AND IMMIGRATION ADMINISTRATION: WHEN DOES CHEVRON APPLY TO BIA INTERPRETATIONS OF THE INA? Paul Chaffin WHAT MOTIVATES ILLEGAL FILE SHARING? EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES Joseph M. Eno 2013 Volume 69 Issue 2 2013 35568-nys_69-2 Sheet No. 1 Side A 10/28/2014 12:36:12 \\jciprod01\productn\n\nys\69-2\FRONT692.txt unknown Seq: 1 23-OCT-14 9:10 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY ANNUAL SURVEY OF AMERICAN LAW VOLUME 69 ISSUE 2 35568-nys_69-2 Sheet No. 1 Side A 10/28/2014 12:36:12 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW ARTHUR T. VANDERBILT HALL Washington Square New York City 35568-nys_69-2 Sheet No. 1 Side B 10/28/2014 12:36:12 \\jciprod01\productn\n\nys\69-2\FRONT692.txt unknown Seq: 2 23-OCT-14 9:10 New York University Annual Survey of American Law is in its seventy-first year of publication. L.C. Cat. Card No.: 46-30523 ISSN 0066-4413 All Rights Reserved New York University Annual Survey of American Law is published quarterly at 110 West 3rd Street, New York, New York 10012.
    [Show full text]
  • Prebrane Zo Stranky
    Manuál pre začiatočníkov a používateľov Microsoft Windows Galadriel 1.7.4 Manuál je primárne tvorený pre Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn. Dá sa však použiť aj pre Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Edubuntu, Ubuntu Studio a neoficiálne distribúcie založené na Ubuntu. Pokryté verzie: 7.10, 7.04, 6.10, 6.06 a 5.10 (čiastočne) Vypracoval Stanislav Hoferek (ICQ# 258126362) s komunitou ľudí na stránkach: linuxos.sk kubuntu.sk ubuntu.wz.cz debian.nfo.sk root.cz 1 Začíname! 5 Pracovné prostredie 9 Live CD 1.1 Postup pre začiatočníkov 5.1 Programové vybavenie 9.1 Vysvetlenie 1.2 Zoznámenie s manuálom 5.1.1 Prvé kroky v Ubuntu 9.2 Prístup k internetu 1.3 Zoznámenie s Ubuntu 5.1.2 Základné programy 9.3 Pripojenie pevných diskov 1.3.1 Ubuntu, teší ma! 5.1.3 Prídavné programy 9.4 Výhody a nevýhody Live CD 1.3.2 Čo tu nájdem? 5.2 Nastavenie jazyka 9.5 Live CD v prostredí Windows 1.3.3 Root 5.3 Multimédia 9.6 Ad-Aware pod Live CD 1.4. Užitočné informácie 5.3.1 Audio a Video Strana 48 1.4.1 Odkazy 5.3.2 Úprava fotografii 1.4.2 Slovníček 5.4 Kancelária 10 FAQ 1.4.3 Ako Linux funguje? 5.4.1 OpenOffice.org 10 FAQ 1.4.4 Spúšťanie programov 5.4.2 PDF z obrázku Strana 50 1.5 Licencia 5.4.3 Ostatné Strana 2 5.5 Hry 11 Tipy a triky 5.6 Estetika 11.1 Všeobecné rady 2 Linux a Windows 5.7 Zavádzanie systému 11.2 Pokročilé prispôsobenie systému 2.1 Porovnanie OS 5.7.1 Zavádzač 11.3 Spustenie pri štarte 2.2 Náhrada Windows Programov 5.7.2 Prihlasovacie okno 11.4 ALT+F2 2.3 Formáty 5.7.3 Automatické prihlásenie 11.5 Windows XP plocha 2.4 Rozdiely v ovládaní 5.8 Napaľovanie v Linuxe Strana 55 2.5 Spustenie programov pre Windows 5.9 Klávesové skratky 2.6 Disky 5.10 Gconf-editor 12 Konfigurácia 2.7 Klávesnica Strana 27 12.1 Nástroje na úpravu konfigurákov Strana 12 12.2 Najdôležitejšie konf.
    [Show full text]
  • Malware Extorts Cash from Bittorrent Users | Torrentfreak
    Malware Extorts Cash From BitTorrent Users | TorrentFreak http://torrentfreak.com/malware-extort-cash-from-bittorrent-use... TorrentFreak Home Contact About Archives Forum Malware Extorts Cash From BitTorrent Users Written by enigmax on April 11, 2010 A new type of malware is riding the wave of file-sharing pre-settlement letters by infecting BitTorrent users’ machines and then demanding payments in order to make imaginary lawsuits go away. ICPP Foundation try to give the impression they are RIAA and MPAA affiliated but the whole thing is a scam to extort cash and obtain credit card details. ICCP Foundation claims to be an international company operating out of Switzerland. They say they are “committed to promoting the cultural and economic benefits of copyright” while assisting their partners to fight “copyright theft around the world”. In fact what they really do is operate a scam to extort money from BitTorrent users. Right at this moment we are unsure of the exact route of infection, but somehow malware (probably in either fake file or attached virus form) is displaying a “copyright violation alert” on the victim’s screen, locking it, and redirecting users to the ICPP site where they are told they have been caught infringing copyright. There they are warned their offenses could result in 5 years in prison and a $250,000 fine and are given the option to take the (fake) case to court. They are also offered a chance to make the whole thing go away for the payment of a ‘fine’ of around $400. Victims are also prompted to give their name, address and full credit card details – it is unclear how this information is further abused but it doesn’t look good.
    [Show full text]
  • Faster Interconnects for Next-Generation Data Centers 2
    Faster Interconnects for Next- Generation Data Centers Summary Insight With the data deluge washing over today’s data centers, IT Author: Jean S. Bozman infrastructure benefits from Introduction faster interconnects. Faster storage requires faster A wave of change is sweeping over the data center – and a multi- networks. Even more terabyte data deluge is coming along with it. This rapid change is being generated by new sources of data coming from Cloud performance can be achieved by Computing, Mobility, Social Media and Big Data/Analytics. All of using iSER, a maturing these workloads must now be supported, along with transactional standard for extending iSCSI processing, enterprise applications and data warehouses. with RDMA (Remote Direct For many IT professionals, the new demands are causing a “rethink” Memory Access). Using iSER, of their data-transfer infrastructure. The Fibre Channel high-performing storage can be interconnects and slower Ethernet links are showing their age – and connected to fast Ethernet links the aging links must be updated or replaced as quickly as possible. via iSCSI, speeding data Otherwise, these slow links will be “bottlenecks” that slow down the transfers from the network to business or organization that depends on that IT infrastructure. servers and storage systems. This process of data center transformation requires thoughtful These technologies can be used planning – but IT organizations cannot afford to wait too long, or together to replace aging high- performance of mission-critical applications and databases will speed interconnects, such as suffer. Fibre Channel links and older Ethernet links. Flash Storage and Your Network Many technologies will need to become more efficient in the process, including the storage systems that house the data – and send it to the compute engines for processing.
    [Show full text]
  • Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Detekcia Seedboxov V Sieti Bittorrent
    VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA INFORMAČNÍCH TECHNOLOGIÍ FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ÚSTAV INFORMAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS DETEKCIA SEEDBOXOV V SIETI BITTORRENT DETECTION OF SEEDBOXES INBITTORRENT NETWORK BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE BACHELOR’S THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE MARTIN GRNÁČ AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE Ing. LIBOR POLČÁK, Ph.D. SUPERVISOR BRNO 2018 Abstrakt Bakalárska práca sa venuje problematike sledovania a detekcie seedboxov v sieti BitTorrent za pomoci technológie netflow. V teoretickej časti je predstavená a popísaná architektúra P2P, základy a kľúčové pojmy architektúry BitTorrent a teoretická definícia seedboxu. Taktiež sú tu rozobrané metódy pomocou ktorých sa dá detekovať sieťová komunikácia a ďalej je uvedená analýza seedboxov v sieti a hľadanie ich charakteristík. Na základe týchto znalostí a sledovaní je navrhnutá sada nástrojov, ktoré napomáhajú ich detekcií. V praktickej časti je predstavená implementácia týchto nástrojov a výsledky ich testovania. Abstract Bachelor’s thesis is focused on issues with monitoring and detection of seedboxes in Bit- Torrent network with help of netflow technology. In the theoretical part of this thesis is introduced and described P2P architecture, basics and key terms of BitTorrent architec- ture and theoretical definition of seedbox. There are also described specific methods which can be used for detection of network communication and next there is described process of seedbox analysis in network and process of finding its characteristics. On base of this kno- wledge and observations is designed a set of tools,which help with detection of seedboxes. In the practical part of this work is presented implementation of these tools and results of testing these tools. Kľúčové slová BitTorrent, seedbox, detekcia, netflow, analýza, sieťová prevádzka, P2P, netflow Keywords BitTorrent, seedbox, detection, netflow, analysis, network traffic, P2P, netflow Citácia GRNÁČ, Martin.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Fountain Erasure-Recovery in Bittorrent
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI BERGAMO Facoltà di Ingegneria Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Ingegneria Informatica Classe n. 35/S – Sistemi Informatici Digital Fountain Erasure Recovery in BitTorrent: integration and security issues Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Stefano Paraboschi Correlatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Andrea Lorenzo Vitali Tesi di Laurea Specialistica Michele BOLOGNA Matricola n. 56108 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2007 / 2008 This thesis has been written, typeset and prepared using LATEX 2". Printed on December 5, 2008. Alla mia famiglia “Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?” “That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,” said the Cat. “I don’t much care where —” said Alice. “Then it doesn’t matter which way you go,” said the Cat. “— so long as I get somewhere,” Alice added as an explanation. “Oh, you’re sure to do that,” said the Cat, “if you only walk enough.” Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Acknowledgments (in Italian) Ci sono molte persone che mi hanno aiutato durante lo svolgimento di questo lavoro. Il primo ringraziamento va ai proff. Stefano Paraboschi e Andrea Vitali per la disponibilità, la competenza, i consigli, la pazienza e l’aiuto tecnico che mi hanno saputo dare. Grazie di avermi dato la maggior parte delle idee che sono poi confluite nella mia tesi. Un sentito ringraziamento anche a Andrea Rota e Ruben Villa per l’aiuto e i chiarimenti che mi hanno gentilmente fornito. Vorrei ringraziare STMicroelectronics, ed in particolare il gruppo Advanced System Technology, per avermi offerto le infrastrutture, gli spa- zi e tutto il necessario per svolgere al meglio il mio periodo di tirocinio.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Characteristics for a VHF Data Exchange System in the VHF Maritime Mobile Band
    Recommendation ITU-R M.2092-0 (10/2015) Technical characteristics for a VHF data exchange system in the VHF maritime mobile band M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.2092-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Forescout Counteract® Endpoint Support Compatibility Matrix Updated: October 2018
    ForeScout CounterACT® Endpoint Support Compatibility Matrix Updated: October 2018 ForeScout CounterACT Endpoint Support Compatibility Matrix 2 Table of Contents About Endpoint Support Compatibility ......................................................... 3 Operating Systems ....................................................................................... 3 Microsoft Windows (32 & 64 BIT Versions) ...................................................... 3 MAC OS X / MACOS ...................................................................................... 5 Linux .......................................................................................................... 6 Web Browsers .............................................................................................. 8 Microsoft Windows Applications ...................................................................... 9 Antivirus ................................................................................................. 9 Peer-to-Peer .......................................................................................... 25 Instant Messaging .................................................................................. 31 Anti-Spyware ......................................................................................... 34 Personal Firewall .................................................................................... 36 Hard Drive Encryption ............................................................................. 38 Cloud Sync ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Downloading Copyrighted Materials
    What you need to know before... Downloading Copyrighted Materials Including movies, TV shows, music, digital books, software and interactive games The Facts and Consequences Who monitors peer-to-peer file sharing? What are the consequences at UAF The Motion Picture Association of America for violators of this policy? (MPAA), Home Box Office, and other copyright Student Services at UAF takes the following holders monitor file-sharing on the Internet minimum actions when the policy is violated: for the illegal distribution of their copyrighted 1st Offense: contents. Once identified they issue DMCA Loss of Internet access until issue is resolved. (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) take-down 2nd Offense: notices to the ISP (Internet Service Provider), in Loss of Internet access pending which the University of Alaska is considered as resolution and a $100 fee assessment. one, requesting the infringement be stopped. If 3rd Offense: not stopped, lawsuit against the user is possible. Loss of Internet access pending resolution and a $250 fee assessment. What is UAF’s responsibility? 4th, 5th, 6th Offense: Under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and Loss of Internet access pending resolution and Higher Education Opportunity Act, university a $500 fee assessment. administrators are obligated to track these infractions and preserve relevent logs in your What are the Federal consequences student record. This means that if your case goes for violators? to court, your record may be subpoenaed as The MPAA, HBO and similar organizations are evidence. Since illegal file sharing also drains becoming more and more aggressive in finding bandwidth, costing schools money and slowing and prosecuting alleged offenders in criminal Internet connections, for students trying to use court.
    [Show full text]
  • Torrent Client No Download
    torrent client no download Top 10 Free Torrent Clients – Which Free Torrent Clients Are The Best? Are you looking for a reliable torrent client to download files online? To help make things easier for you, we’ve put together a list of some of the best free torrent clients. In case you’re in a hurry, these are our picks for the best free torrent clients: Also, always make sure you stay safe when using a torrent client. A good option for this is a VPN (such as NordVPN). A VPN will protect your data and keep you anonymous. That being said, always check to see that you’re only downloading files you’re allowed to download in your country, or else you will risk getting fined or worse. We do not support the illegal downloading of copyrighted files. For more information about these torrent clients, or to learn more about torrent clients in general, continue reading the full article. When you download or upload files or folders through a torrent network, that’s called torrenting. What makes torrenting different from other types of downloading is that you download files from another users’ device on the network rather than from a central server . Also, users upload files from their devices for other people to download. Torrenting is the leading form of peer-to-peer file-sharing online. If you want to download or upload files through this sort of system, you need to download a torrent client . These downloads are referred to as torrents and contain metadata about the files and folders, as well as information about the network location of trackers.
    [Show full text]
  • You Are Not Welcome Among Us: Pirates and the State
    International Journal of Communication 9(2015), 890–908 1932–8036/20150005 You Are Not Welcome Among Us: Pirates and the State JESSICA L. BEYER University of Washington, USA FENWICK MCKELVEY1 Concordia University, Canada In a historical review focused on digital piracy, we explore the relationship between hacker politics and the state. We distinguish between two core aspects of piracy—the challenge to property rights and the challenge to state power—and argue that digital piracy should be considered more broadly as a challenge to the authority of the state. We trace generations of peer-to-peer networking, showing that digital piracy is a key component in the development of a political platform that advocates for a set of ideals grounded in collaborative culture, nonhierarchical organization, and a reliance on the network. We assert that this politics expresses itself in a philosophy that was formed together with the development of the state-evading forms of communication that perpetuate unmanageable networks. Keywords: pirates, information politics, intellectual property, state networks Introduction Digital piracy is most frequently framed as a challenge to property rights or as theft. This framing is not incorrect, but it overemphasizes intellectual property regimes and, in doing so, underemphasizes the broader political challenge posed by digital pirates. In fact, digital pirates and broader “hacker culture” are part of a political challenge to the state, as well as a challenge to property rights regimes. This challenge is articulated in terms of contributory culture, in contrast to the commodification and enclosures of capitalist culture; as nonhierarchical, in contrast to the strict hierarchies of the modern state; and as faith in the potential of a seemingly uncontrollable communication technology that makes all of this possible, in contrast to a fear of the potential chaos that unsurveilled spaces can bring.
    [Show full text]
  • No Ad Torrent Downloader No Ad Torrent Downloader
    no ad torrent downloader No ad torrent downloader. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 67a27aef1d21c3d9 • Your IP : 188.246.226.140 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. BitCloudTorrent Downloader (No Ad) for PC. Download BitCloudTorrent Downloader (No Ad) PC for free at BrowserCam. Foossi Inc. published BitCloudTorrent Downloader (No Ad) for Android operating system mobile devices, but it is possible to download and install BitCloudTorrent Downloader (No Ad) for PC or Computer with operating systems such as Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10 and Mac. Let's find out the prerequisites to install BitCloudTorrent Downloader (No Ad) on Windows PC or MAC computer without much delay. Select an Android emulator: There are many free and paid Android emulators available for PC and MAC, few of the popular ones are Bluestacks, Andy OS, Nox, MeMu and there are more you can find from Google. Compatibility: Before downloading them take a look at the minimum system requirements to install the emulator on your PC.
    [Show full text]