Data Warehouse: an Integrated Decision Support Database Whose Content Is Derived from the Various Operational Databases
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1 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in DATABASE MANAGEMENT Topic Objective: At the end of this topic student will be able to: Understand the Contrasting basic concepts Understand the Database Server and Database Specified Understand the USER Clause Definition/Overview: Data: Stored representations of objects and events that have meaning and importance in the users environment. Information: Data that have been processed in such a way that they can increase the knowledge of the person who uses it. Metadata: Data that describes the properties or characteristics of end-user data and the context of that data. Database application: An application program (or set of related programs) that is used to perform a series of database activities (create, read, update, and delete) on behalf of database users. WWW.BSSVE.IN Data warehouse: An integrated decision support database whose content is derived from the various operational databases. Constraint: A rule that cannot be violated by database users. Database: An organized collection of logically related data. Entity: A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data. Database management system: A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to user databases. www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 2 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in Data dependence; data independence: With data dependence, data descriptions are included with the application programs that use the data, while with data independence the data descriptions are separated from the application programs. Data warehouse; data mining: A data warehouse is an integrated decision support database, while data mining (described in the topic introduction) is the process of extracting useful information from databases. Data; information: Data consist of facts, text, and other multimedia objects, while information is data that have been processed in such a way that it can increase the knowledge of the person who uses it. Repository; database: A repository is a centralized storehouse for all data definitions, data relationships, and other system components, while a database is an organized collection of logically related data. Entity; enterprise data model: An entity is an object or concept that is important to the business, while an enterprise data model is a graphical model that shows the high-level entities for the organization and the relationship among those entities. WWW.BSSVE.IN www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 3 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in Data warehouse; ERP system:Both use enterprise level data. Data warehouses store historical data at a chosen level of granularity or detail, and are used for data analysis purposes, to discover relationships and correlations about customers, products, and so forth that may be used in strategic decision making. ERP systems integrate operational data at the enterprise level, integrating all facets of the business, including marketing, production, sales, and so forth. Key Points: 1. Contrasting basic concepts Data dependence; data independence. With data dependence, data descriptions are included with the application programs that use the data, while with data independence the data descriptions are separated from the application programs. Data warehouse; data mining. A data warehouse is an integrated decision support database, while data mining (described in the chapter introduction) is the process of extracting useful information from databases. Data; information. Data consist of facts, text, and other multimedia objects, while information is data that have been processed in such a way that it can increase the knowledge of the person who uses it. Repository; database. A repository is a centralized storehouse for all data definitions, data relationships, and other system components, while a database is an organized collection of logically related data. Entity; enterpriseWWW.BSSVE.IN data model. An entity is an object or concept that is important to the business, while an enterprise data model is a graphical model that shows the high-level entities for the organization and the relationship among those entities. Data warehouse; ERP system. Both use enterprise level data. Data warehouses store historical data at a chosen level of granularity or detail, and are used for data analysis purposes, to discover relationships and correlations about customers, products, and so forth that may be used in strategic decision making. ERP systems integrate operational data at the enterprise level, integrating all facets of the business, including marketing, production, sales, and so forth. www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 4 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in 2. Database Server and Database Specified If you specify both a database server and a database, your application connects to the database server, which locates and opens the database. The dbname option establishes a connection to the default database server or to another database server in the DBPATH environment variable. It also locates and opens the specified database. (The same is true of the db_var option if this specifies only a database name.) If you specify only dbname, its database server is read from the DBPATH environment variable. The database server in the INFORMIXSERVER environment variable is always added before the DBPATH value. On UNIX, set the INFORMIXSERVER and DBPATH environment variables as the following example (for the C shell) shows: setenv INFORMIXSERVER srvA setenv DBPATH //srvB://srvC On Windows, choose Start > Programs > Informix > setnet32 from the Task Bar and set the INFORMIXSERVER and DBPATH environment variables: set INFORMIXSERVER = srvA set DBPATH = //srvA://srvB://srvC The next example shows the resulting DBPATH that your application uses: //srvA://srvB://srvC The application first establishes a connection to the database server that INFORMIXSERVER specifies. The database server uses parameters in the configuration file to locate the database. If the database does not reside on the default database server, or if the default database server is not online, the application connects to the next database server in DBPATH. In the previous example, that database server would be srvB 3. USER Clause The USER clause specifies information that is used to determine whether the application can access the target computer on a remote host. USER Clause: WWW.BSSVE.IN |--USER--+-'user_id'---+--USING--validation_var-----------------| '-user_id_var-' ELEMENT DESCRIPTION RESTRICTIONS SYNTAX user_id Valid login name See Restrictions on the User Quoted Identifier Parameter. String user_id_var Host variable that contains Must be a fixed-length character Language user_id data type; same restrictions as specific user_id www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 5 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in validation_var Host variable that contains Must be a fixed-length character Language a valid password for login type. See Restrictions on the specific name in user_id or Validation Variable Parameter. user_id_var [Table 1] The USER clause is required when the CONNECT statement connects to the database server on a remote host. Subsequent to the CONNECT statement, all database operations on the remote host use the specified user name. In DB-Access, the USING clause is valid within files executed from DB-Access. In interactive mode, DB-Access prompts you for a password, so the USING keyword and validation_var are not used. Topic : The Database Development Process Topic Objective: At the end of this topic student will be able to: Understand the Development Process Basics Understand the Key Components of the Information Systems Architecture Understand the SystemWWW.BSSVE.IN Planning Understand the CASE and Repository Understand the Three-Schema Architecture. Definition/Overview: Information systems architecture (ISA): A conceptual blueprint or plan that expresses the desired future structure for the information systems in an organization. Systems development life cycle (SDLC): A traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems. www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 6 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in Client/server architecture:: A local area network-based environment in which database software on a server (called a database server or database engine) performs database commands sent to it from client workstations, and application programs on each client concentrate on user interface functions. Incremental commitment:: A strategy in systems development projects in which the project is reviewed after each phase and continuation of the project is rejustified in each of these reviews. Enterprise data model:: The first step in database development, in which the scope and general contents of organizational databases are specified. WWW.BSSVE.IN www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 7 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in Conceptual data model (or schema):: A detailed, technology-independent specification of the overall structure of organizational data. Logical data model