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The Eragrostis Pectinacea-Pilosa Complex in North and Central America (Gramineae: Eragrostoideae)

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The Eragrostis Pectinacea-Pilosa Complex in North and Central America (Gramineae: Eragrostoideae) M'^ The Eragrostis pectinacea-pilosa Complex in North and Central America (Gramineae: Eragrostoideae) STEPHEN D. KOCH k?i-*^"- AT UI?8A^' .LINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 48 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Volumes 1 through 24 contained four issues each and were available through subscription. Beginning with number 25 (issued in 1957), each pubhcation is numbered consecutively. No subscriptions are available, but standing orders are accepted for forthcoming numbers. Prices of previous issues still in print are listed below, and these may be purchased from the University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois 61801. Microfilm and photo-offset copies of out-of-print titles in the Illinois Biological Monographs are available from University Mi- crofilms, Inc., 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, and the Johnson Reprint Corporation, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003. Balduf, W. V. (1959): Obligatory and Facultative Insects in Rose Hips. 12 pis. No. 26. $3.50. Brandon, Ronald A. (1966): Sysfematics of the Salamander Genus Gryinopbilus. 23 figs. No. 35. $4.50. Campbell, John M. (1966): A Revision of the Genus Lobopoda (Coleoptero: Alleculidae) in North America and the West Indies. 174 figs. No. 37. $5.75. Jones, George Neville (1968): Taxonomy of American Species of Linden (Tilia). 6 pis. 52 halftones. No. 39. $5.95. Langebartel, David A. (1968): The Hyoid and Its Associated Muscles in Snakes. 19 figs. No. 38. $4.95. Levine, Norman D., and Virginia Ivens (1965): The Coccidian Parasites (Protozoa, Sporozoa) of Rodents. 2 figs. 48 pis. No. 33. $7.50. 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Ricker (1971): The Classification, Evolution, and Dispersal of the Winter Stonefly Genus Allocapnia. Ill figs. No. 45. $8.95. Sawyer, Roy T. (1972): North American Freshwater Leeches, Exclusive of the Piscicolidae, with a Key to All Species. 37 figs. No. 46. $8.50. Selander, Richard B. (1960): Bionomics, Sysfematics, and Phytogeny of Lytta, a Genus of Blister Beetles (Coleoptero, Meloidoe). 350 figs. No. 28. $4.50. Selander, Richard B., and Juan M. Mathieu (1969): Ecology, Behavior, and Adult Anatomy of the Albida Group of the Genus Epicauta (Coleoptero, Meloidoe). 60 figs. No. 41. $5.95. Stannard, Levi^is J., Jr. (1957): The Phylogeny and Classification of the North American Genera of the Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptero). 14 pis. No. 25. $2.50. Unzicker, John D. (1968): The Comparative Morphology and Evolution of the Internol Female Reproductive System of Trichopfero. 14 pis. No. 40. $3.95. Wrigley, Robert E. (1972): Sysfematics and Biology of the Woodland Jumping Mouse, Napaeozapus insignis. 22 figs. No. 47. $7.95. The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN art} DEC 1 <| 1975 L161 — O-1096 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/eragrostispectin48koch The Eragrostis pectinacea-pilosa Complex in North and Central America (Gramineae: Eragrostoideae) STEPHEN D. KOCH ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 48 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS URBANA, CHICAGO, AND LONDON Board of Editors. Donald F. Hoffmeister, Willard W. Payne, Tom L. Phillips, Richard B. Selander, and Philip W. Smith. Issued March, 1974. © 1974 by The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Manufactured in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 73-2454. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Koch, Stephen D. 1940- The Erogrostis pectinacea-pilosa complex in North and Central America (Gromineoe: Erogrostoideae). (Illinois biological monographs, 48) Bibliography: p. 1. Love grass. 2. Grasses — North America. 3. Grasses — Central America. I. Title. II. Series. QK495.G74K75 584'.93 73-2454 ISBN 0-252-00389-6 CONTENTS Page Abstract ix Introduction xl Materials and Methods 1 Delimitation of the Eragrostis peatinaaea-pilosa Complex 2 Taxonomic History of the Complex 5 Morphology and Anatomy 6 Chromosome Number 11 Ecology 14 Species Relationships 16 Description of the Eragr-ostis peotinaoea-pilosa Complex 20 Key to Species and Varieties 21 Eragrostis pilosa var. pilosa 22 Eragrostis pilosa var. perpZexa 28 Eragrostis peotinaoea 30 Eragrostis tephrosanthos 44 Eragrostis lutesoens 51 Eragrostis frankii 52 Eragrostis pringlei 55 Citation of Specimens 5° Literature Cited 57 Appendix: List of Collections from Which Chromosome Counts Were Obtained 63 Plates 67 PLATES Page I. Comparison of the E. pectinaoea-pilosa Complex and the E. oilianens-is Complex 67 II. Eragrostis pilosa var. pilosa 68 III. Eragrostis pilosa var. perplexa 69 IV. Eragrostis pectinacea 70 V. Eragrostis tephrosanthos 71 VI. Eragrostis lutescens 72 VII. Eragrostis frankii 73 VIII. Eragrostis pringZei 74 FIGURES 1. Section of blade, E. lutescens {Davis 4131) 8 2. Glandular pit, blade of E. lutescens {Davis 4131) 8 3. Blade epidermis, E. pectinacea {Barker 1877) 9 4. Blade epidermis, E. cilianensis {Koch 6663) 9 5. Section, macrohair and basal pustule; E. pringlei {Arsene 5441a) 10 6. Chromosome number — pollen diameter 13 7. Distribution of E. pilosa (both varieties) 25 8. Distribution of E. pectinacea s.l. 33 9. Uniform culture experiment, "E. diffusa" extreme 35 10. Uniform culture experiment, E. pectinacea s.s. extreme 36 11. Frequency distribution, summed standardized values, E. pectinacea s.l. 39 12. Clinal variation in E. veotinacea s.l. 40 Figures (cont'd) Page 13. Distribution of E. tepfwosanthos 46 14. Distributions of E. frankii , E. pringlei, and E. lutescens 53 MAPS Distribution of E. pilosa (both varieties) . (Fig. 7) 25 Distribution of E. peotinacea s.l. (Fig. 8) 33 Clinal Variation in E. pectinacea s.l. (Fig. 12) 40 Distribution of E. tephrosanthos . (Fig. 13) 46 Distributions of E. frankii, E. pringlei, and E. lutescens. (Fig. 14) 53 TABLES 1. Comparison of the E. peotinaeea-pitosa and the E. cilianensis Complex 4 2. Pollen Diameter and Chromosome Number in the E. peotinaoea-pilosa Complex 12 3. Important Characters of the Members of the E. pectinaoea-pilosa Complex 18 4. Comparison of E. pilosa s.s., "Z?. peregvina," and "£". pevplexa'^ with Respect to Quantitative Characters 27 5. Means, Standard Deviations, and Numbers of Individuals for Each Square on Fig. 12 42 6. Source of E. tephrosanthos s.l. Seed Used in the Uniform Culture Experiment 48 7. Progeny Test of Plants from Mixed Populations of E. peotinacea and E. tephrosanthos 50 ABSTRACT Koch, Stephen D. The Eragrostis pectinacea-pilosa Complex in North and Central America (Gramineae: Eragrostoideae) . Illinois Biologi- cal Monographs, 48. The Eragrostis pectinacea-pilosa complex is sep- arable from the rest o£ the genus on the basis o£ six characters: a non-stoloni£erous habit, an annual life cycle, non-disarticulating rachillas, caryopses which are round or slightly compressed dorsally in cross section, microhairs in which the basal cell is only 0.8-1.6 times the length of the apical cell, and a mean of 7.0 or fewer sto- mata per 500-micron-long segment of each abaxial intercostal zone. As traditionally treated, the complex consists of ten species, E. pilosa (L.) Beauv., E. perplexa Harvey, E. peregrina V/ieg. (== E. multicaulis Steud.), E. peotinaaea (T-liclix.) Nees, E. diffusa Buckl., E. tephrosanthos Schult., E. arida Hitchc, E. lutescens Scribn. , E. frankii Meyer ex Steud., and E. Pringlei Mattel. On the basis of examinations of over 2,000 herbarium specimens, chromosome counts, uniform culture experiments, field observations, and a statistical analysis of variation, the complex was found to consist of only seven taxa. These fall into three groups according to their chromosome numbers and panicle, spikelet, and caryopsis mor- phology. A key to the taxa is provided, along with synonymies, descriptions, distribution maps, discussions, and plates illustrating important fea- tures for each taxon. No new taxa are recognized, but one new com- bination is proposed. , INTRODUCTION Eragrostis is a world-wide genus o£ approximately 300 species. These are primarily tropical and warm- temperate in distribution, the genus being especially well developed in tropical and southern Africa. As treated herein, the Eragrostis peotinaoea-pilosa com- plex is a group of seven taxa: six species, one of which is com- posed of two varieties. All but one variety of one species are restricted geographically to North and Central America, the excep- tional variety having a pantropical distribution. All are annuals, three of the taxa are widespread weeds , three are narrow endemics and one is infrequent within its range. For the most part, this paper is adapted from a dissertation ac- cepted by the University of Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1969. The original version is available from University Microfilms, Inc., of Arui Arbor, Michigan. I am especially grateful to Dr. Warren H.
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