Newton Longville

Newton Longville Conservation Area

NB Boundary on this photograph for illustrative purposes Aerial photograph by UK Perspectives

Designated by the Council 29th November 2006 following public consultation

Newton Longville Conservation Area

St Faith’s Church

page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction ...... 1

CHAPTER 2 PLANNING POLICY Planning Policy ...... 2

CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY Summary ...... 3

CHAPTER 4 LOCATION AND CONTEXT Location ...... 4 Context ...... 5

CHAPTER 5 GENERAL CHARACTER AND PLAN FORM General character and plan form ...... 6

CHAPTER 6 HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT AND FORMER USES Origins ...... 7 Historic Development ...... 8 Former Uses ...... 10

CHAPTER 7 ARCHAEOLOGY Archaeology ...... 12

CHAPTER 8 KEY VIEWS AND VISTAS Key views and vistas ...... 13

CHAPTER 9 OPEN SPACES AND TREES Open spaces and trees ...... 14

CHAPTER 10 PERMEABILITY Permeability ...... 15

CHAPTER 11 ALTERATIONS TO BOUNDARY Alterations to boundary ...... 17

CHAPTER 12 DEFINITION OF IDENTITY AREAS Definition of Identity Areas ...... 18 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 13 VILLAGE MORPHOLOGY Identity Area 1 ...... 19 Identity Area 2 ...... 21

CHAPTER 14 ARCHITECTURAL FORM Identity Area 1 ...... 22 Identity Area 2 ...... 23

CHAPTER 15 DETAILS AND MATERIALS Roofs ...... 24 Chimneys ...... 25 Walls ...... 26 Windows ...... 28 Doors ...... 29 Boundary treatment ...... 30 Surface treatment ...... 32

CHAPTER 16 KEY BUILDINGS Key buildings ...... 33

CHAPTER 17 NEGATIVE FACTORS AND ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES Negative factors and enhancement opportunities ...... 35

CHAPTER 18 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Glossary of Terms ...... 36

CHAPTER 19 GUIDANCE AND USEFUL INFORMATION Guidance ...... 39 Bibliography ...... 39 Acknowledgements ...... 40

APPENDIX I Map showing Conservation Area Boundary ...... 41

APPENDIX II Conservation Area constraints ...... 42

APPENDIX III Planning Policy ...... 43

APPENDIX IV Archaeology ...... 44

APPENDIX V Asset sheets

Designated by the Council on the 29th November 2006 following public consultation. Information contained in this report is correct at the time of compilation, Jan 2006

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

A Conservation Area was designated at Newton Longville on 16th October 1991. The Conservation Area incorporates a relatively small area of the village centred on the junction of Whaddon Road, Bletchley Road, Drayton Road and Stoke Road. The boundary includes a number of key historic buildings, notably, St. Faith's Church, Newton Longville Manor House, the Old Rectory and St. Anne's Grange as well as clusters of historic development around Church End and the village green.

Notwithstanding the requirement under The Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 for the Local Planning Authority to review ‘from time to time1’ the Conservation Areas within their boundaries, the need to review Newton Longville fifteen years after the original designation has been prompted by the increased pressures being exerted upon it by the potential future growth of Milton Keynes.

The following appraisal identifies minor changes to the 1991 boundary2 and attempts to qualify those characteristics that make Newton Longville special and worthy of Conservation Area designation. It is acknowledged that this document cannot be completely comprehensive and where buildings, features and spaces etc. have not been specifically identified, it should not be assumed that they are of no significance.

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Hall LondonLondon

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Pond St Faith's PH 4 2 Church WestbrookWestbrook EndEnd STO

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MoorMoor End Newton Longville End Primary School 2310

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in ra Existing ConservationD Area Boundary N

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N O T Y A R D Aylesbury Vale District Council. LA 100019797 2006 Map showing 1991 Conservation Area boundary

1 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 Section 69.1a 2 1 A map of the proposed Conservation Area is contained within Appendix I Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 2 - PLANNING POLICY

Section 69.1a of the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 places a duty on local planning authorities to determine which areas within their district are of 'special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve 3 or enhance' . Once identified these areas should be designated as Conservation Areas and regularly reviewed. As part of the designation and review process it is important to produce up-to-date appraisal documents that support and justify designation and which can be used to inform planning decisions affecting Conservation Areas.

The principal purpose of Conservation Area designation is the official acknowledgement of the special character of an area. This will influence the way in which the Local Planning Authority deals with planning applications which may affect the area. Within Conservation Areas, permitted development rights are restricted, which means that applications for planning permission will be required for certain types of work not normally needing consent. A list of the types of development that are controlled by Conservation Area designation is contained within Appendix II of this document. In Appendix III is a list of Planning Policies contained within Aylesbury Vale District Local Plan (January 2004) which relate to Conservation Areas and the management of the historic environment.

The process of public consultation adopted in the production of this document is laid out in the Aylesbury Vale District’s Statement of Community Involvement, as adopted in October 2006.

2 3 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 Section 69.1a Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 3 - SUMMARY

The Conservation Area boundary at Newton Longville encloses a small area of historic buildings within a much larger village significantly altered by modern development. The Conservation Area is important because it is the only part of two formerly separate areas of historic development to have retained significant elements of its former character and cohesion.

Despite its size, the Conservation Area boundary contains two areas of distinct identity. Enclosing the north-eastern side of the village green is a collection of modest vernacular properties which form a mixture of one and a half to two storey semi-detached and detached buildings, situated towards the front of their plots. Historically many of these buildings housed local trades. Mainly converted to domestic use, several small businesses and a public house still attract people to the green reinforcing its former role as the economic focus of the village. 6-9 Church End In contrast, the properties located at the north-eastern end of Drayton Road are substantial in scale and set within sizeable grounds. They include Newton Longville Manor House, the Old Rectory and Parsonage, St. Anne's Grange and the Village School. Not only do these buildings provide visual landmarks, which help to create a strong sense of place, but they also represent the higher status buildings within the architectural hierarchy of the village. This clearly demarcated juxtaposition of vernacular and polite architecture in such a compact area is a key characteristic of the Conservation Area. Manor House and barns The former rural character of Newton Longville has to a large extent been lost through the impact of more recent development. However, the mature trees, hedges and grass verges concentrated around the churchyard and grounds of Newton Longville Manor still provide a connection with the wider rural landscape. This grouping of trees helps to locate the Conservation Area in distant views of the village from the south-east and within the boundary their natural forms provide a contrast with the sharp outline of the buildings

Although not physically located at the centre of Newton Longville, the Conservation Area is perceived as the historic nucleus of the village. This small area contains the junction of four of the five arterial routes through the settlement and encloses the principal economic, social and religious focuses to community life. In a village which has grown and changed substantially during the last century the Conservation Area retains tangible connections with the past and possesses a distinct identity and sense of place which makes it worthy of designation.

3 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 4 - LOCATION & CONTEXT

Location

Newton Longville is situated in the north of the Vale of Aylesbury approximately three miles south-west of Bletchley and approximately a mile from the boundary of Milton Keynes4. Surrounding villages include Stoke Hammond to the south-east, Drayton Parslow to the south, Mursley to the south-west and Whaddon to the north-west.

The village sits on land which slopes gently from the south-west to north-east and within an undulating landscape of semi-rural farmland. The soils are a light clay consistency with deep stiff clay sub-soil intermixed with coarse sand.

Whaddon N Milton Keynes

Bletchley

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90 District Boundary

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Disused Railway Newton n

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Longville n

a n

London Birmingham - Railway a

110 l

120

R iv e r O uzel

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150 Stoke Hammond

150 Mursley Drayton Parslow

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110 150

Not to any recognised scale 150

125 120

110

100

80 Contours are shown in 70 metres at vertical intervals.

4 4 The proposed expansion of Milton Keynes may affect the existing relationship and proximity between the boundaries of Milton Keynes and Newton Longville. Newton Longville Conservation Area

Context

The Church End Conservation Area at Newton Longville is small in relation to the overall size of the village. It is situated towards the north-east of the village and focuses upon the junction of Whaddon Road, Bletchley Road, Drayton Road and Stoke Road.

The settlement of Newton Longville developed from two separate areas of historic development; Westbrook End (also called Lower End) to the west and London End, Church End and Moor End to the east. During the latter half of the 20th century substantial modern development between Drayton Road and Westbrook End, and to the north of Whaddon Road, subsumed the former hamlets and created the settlement of Newton Longville as it exists today.

The expansion and development of the village that occurred during the latter half of the 20th century has changed the character of the village from a primarily agricultural community with large areas of internal farmland to a largely dormitory settlement. Census figures show that the population of the parish of Newton Longville quadrupled between 1901 and 2001 from 424 to approximately 1,850 and that the number of households rose from 90 in 1801 to 770 in 2001.

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LONDON END

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9 Newton CHURCH Longville END

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24 Church Westbrook End STOKE ROAD

95.9m 2

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Manor House

END Stoke Road Farm

The Rectory

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4 1 YTON3

6 Pond

1 DRA

2 1

Moor

Newton Longville End Primary School 2310

850

Existing ConservationDrain Area Boundary N

Drain Areas of former historic developments Pond

Not to any recognised scale Pond

YTO RA D Aylesbury Vale District Council. LA 100019797 2006 Map showing areas of historic development 5 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 5 - GENERAL CHARACTER AND PLAN FORM

Newton Longville is a large settlement characterised primarily by modern development. This development has taken a suburban form with modern housing laid out along cul-de-sacs or alternatively forming infill development between historic properties. The two historic areas of development, Westbrook End (also called Lower End) to the west and Moor End, Church End and London End to the east have, as a result of modern development, lost any sense of their former physical separation and much of their visual cohesion. Development during the 20th century has also resulted in the loss of the agricultural land originally situated between and within the hamlets. This has to a large extent resulted in the loss of the original open and rural character of the village and severed its formerly strong connection with the surrounding agricultural landscape.

The only surviving clues to the former open character of the settlement are the open spaces around the church, manor, village green and to the rear of the former church school. More recent growth within the village has resulted in a relatively tightly developed form.

Roads play an important role in dictating the village's form, for although the village is widespread, it is nevertheless strongly contained by Bletchley Road, Whaddon Road, Drayton Road and Westbrook End. The junction of the former three roads and Stoke Road is an important nodal point within the village and the location of the Church End Conservation Area.

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Hall London BLET End

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Baptist

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3 8 Allotment Gardens

ROAD

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1 Crooked 1 WHADDON End 8 Billet(PH) ROAD

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9 CHURCH Newton E N D

Pond St Faith's PH Longville 4 2 Church Westbrook End

STOKE ROAD 95.9m 2

R Manor House

END Stoke Road Farm

The Rectory

ROAD

1 3

2 5

6 YTON Pond 1 A

9 21

Moor

Newton Longville End Primary School 2310

in ra D

850

Surviving areas of historic development

Areas of post war development

Map showing impact of modern development upon Newton Longville

6 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 6 - HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT AND FORMER USES.

Origins

Newton Longville is an ancient settlement which probably originated as a number of individual farmsteads which coalesced over time. The early origins of the settlement are reflected in the original Anglo-Saxon name Newington which is assembled from the words 'new'5 and 'ing' meaning tribe or group and 'ton' meaning enclosure. Longville was added after the Norman Conquest when William the Conqueror gave the manor to Walter Giffard. He had founded an abbey of Santa Foy (St. Faith's) in the French village of Longueville-sur-Scie in Normandy.

After Walter Giffard's death in 1080, the manor passed to his son who was also called Walter. He established a cluniac6 priory7 at Newton Longville circa 1150 which retained strong ties with his father's abbey of Santa Foy.

In 1414, the priory was sequested by Henry V and in 1442 it was granted by Henry VI to New College Oxford for the notional annual rental of one red rose. In 1550 New College constructed a manor house on the site of the former priory using materials from the demolished ecclesiastical buildings. The manor remained the property of New College well into the 20th century.

5 The use of ‘new’ may also indicate a deliberate act of settlement planning or plantation in the late Saxon period as found in the various ‘Newports’ and ‘Newtons’ across England and Wales. 6 Modelled on the abbey church of Cluny, near Lyon in France. 7 It is likely that Newton Longeville Priory was in fact an ‘alien cell’ because it was never a ‘daughter house’ and obtained its monks directly from the Cluniac monastry at Longueville in France. There is no recorded evidence of there being more than one or two monks at Newton Longville and no evidence of the usual monastic buildings. 7 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Historic Development

Development along Westbrook End was very linear in form closely hugging the line of the road. Clearly visible on the 1779 map are long thin plots extending back from the properties along both sides of Westbrook End. These are thought to have been divisions of a much larger ‘open field’ and were cultivated on a rotational system8. This type of field system is considered to be very rare because it occurs at less than 1% frequency across the county. In Newton Longville although more than half of the east - west plot boundaries recorded in 1779 have disappeared through modern infill development, the western rear boundaries of the plots along Westbrook End remain well defined. This clear western boundary to the village is very

important and should be respected.

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S VER RO D Y

Newton Longville WA 6 Parish Plan 1779 - Westbrook End OS map 2006 - Westbrook End Reproduced with permission of Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies

In contrast, the 1779 parish plan and 1841 enclosure map clearly show that the arrangement of buildings around the village green and Church End have changed relatively little9. However, what is strikingly clear from the maps is that, in the past, the village green must have felt much more open with agricultural land extending north-westwards from Church End up to what is now Fire Lane. At this time St. Faith's church would have been a prominent visual landmark within the village, being clearly visible from the village green, Fire Lane, Paradise and potentially Westbrook End.

8 This indicates that Westbrook End was established as a deliberate act of planned settlement after the creation of the open field system which would have occurred around the 10th century AD 9 It is also worth noting that this part of the village, unlike Westbrook End and Moor End, shows no signs of 8 having being laid out over earlier open fields. This would indicate that this part of the village was established at an earlier date than Westbrook End and Moor End. Newton Longville Conservation Area

Parish Plan 1779 - Church End Enclosure map 1841 - Church End

The 1779 and 1841 maps show the linear form of development to either side of what is now Drayton Road. Similar to Westbrook End, the buildings tended to be situated fairly close to the road edge with long thin plots stretching back at right angles to the road. This form of development is still recognisable on the 1923 OS map, but by 1971 only survives in part on the south-eastern side of Drayton Road.

Parish Plan 1779 - Drayton Road OS map 1923 - Drayton Road OS map 1971- Drayton Road

Maps reproduced with permission of Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies

9 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Former Uses

Clearly evident from the 1779 to 1923 maps is the impact of farming upon the form of Newton Longville. Up until the 19th century agriculture formed the economic mainstay of the community and even well into the 20th century working farms and small holdings existed within the heart of the village. Historically fields and common land enveloped the settlements and were interspersed between the cluster of buildings around Church End, Paradise and Fire Lane. The open field system was enclosed by Act of Parliament in 184110 which created the regular pattern of hedged fields seen today. By the 1970s development had heavily encroached upon these areas of green space. Today virtually all the field strips within these areas have disappeared and, as a result, the separate identities of the formerly distinct settlements of Westbrook End to the west and London End, Church End and Moor End to the east have been lost, as has much of the villages' former rural character.

Historical data provided by Bucks County Council Archaeological Unit

Map showing previous historic uses.

Historically the areas around the village green provided the religious and economic focus to the settlement. The church, rectory, former school and manor house are located in this area and the buildings that congregate around the green housed local trades including at various times a bakers, cobblers, village shop and public houses. Until 1934 there was a blacksmiths located on the village green to the south-east of the Red Lion public house on a site now occupied by the village twinning sign. Reputedly the building dated from the period of the construction of the church during the 12th century. Old photographs show that this timber frame and thatch building was a focal feature within the village and helped to provide enclosure on the south- western side of the green.

10 10 This was one of the last acts of enclosure in Aylesbury Vale and the resulting 19th century landscape around Newton Longville remains largely intact today. Newton Longville Conservation Area

The 19th century heralded a change in the local economy of Newton Longville. As well as the essential village trades, local cottage industries also flourished in the village. Women were employed in making lace until the 1890s when cheap imports from the Far East began to flood the market. Women also plaited straw for the hat industry in the Midlands. However, far more significant for local employment and the built character of the area was the establishment in the 1840s of a brick-making yard on the western side of the Bletchley Road, known locally as 'Brickyard Hill.' OS map 1971 showing the Brickworks

The brick yard was acquired by the Read family in the 1890s, a prominent Baptist family and local philanthropists. Early production was un-mechanised; the clay was extracted at a shallow depth using shovels and picks and the bricks were hand moulded and fired in a Scotch kiln. In 1907 Mr. Read went into partnership with a Mr. Richard Andrews and the firm was renamed 'Read and Andrews.' A Mr. Lamb joined the firm in 1919 and the name was changed in 1923 to 'The Bletchley Brick Company.' After this date clay was mechanically excavated at a deeper level from the lower Oxford clay belt. The properties of this clay combined with the use of more efficient Hoffman kilns meant brick production increased dramatically. In 1929 The Bletchley Brick Company was bought by The London Brick Company. Four years later the works expanded to the eastern side of Bletchley Road. By the end of the 1930s, the brickyard employed around 400 people. The success of the brickworks declined during the 1970s and despite resurgence in production during the 1980s, the decision was taken in 1990 to close the brickworks with the loss of 350 jobs.

19th century cottages located on Bletchley Road built for workers at the Brickyard Running to the north-west of the village is the former Oxford to Bletchley railway line. The Great London and North Western Railway Company constructed the railway during the middle of the 19th century prior to the success of the local brickworks and at a time when the village was in decline. For these reasons it was decided not to construct a station at Newton Longville, but at Swanbourne11 approximately 3 miles to the south-west of the village. Nevertheless, the railway did have an impact upon the local economy since labourers from Newton Longville were employed on the construction of the line. The railway was closed in 1994 after a significant reduction in train services using the line.

11 Ironically, today Swanbourne is a smaller village than Newton Longville and has experienced much less growth. 11 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 7 - ARCHAEOLOGY

The parish of Newton Longville has produced a few prehistoric finds and more substantial evidence of Roman settlement from the fields around the village. By the medieval period settlement had coalesced in the area around St. Faith's church, which was almost certainly the original village core and can be expected to contain archaeological evidence for late Saxon and medieval occupation.

The areas of St. Faith's Church and the Manor House have been identified as an "archaeological notification area" because of the potential for remains associated with the priory.

Also of archaeological interest are the village's lesser late medieval buildings, of which five are known (two within the Aerial photograph of Newton Longville 1999 Conservation Area and three in Westbrook End) and more may remain to be discovered where early structures have been hidden behind later facades and alterations.

Outside the Conservation Area, small-scale archaeological recording on the construction of houses along Westbrook End confirm that it was settled from the 13th century. To the southwest of the village lay an enigmatic mound known as Hangman's Hill, which was sadly bulldozed in 1971. Archaeological investigations confirm historical references to its use for gallows up to the 17th century, but also suggest that it may have originated as a small motte castle around the 12th century and may later have been used as a windmill mound. Also with the fields beyond the village are fragmentary remains of ridge and furrow from the medieval open fields.

Contained within Appendix IV of this document is a map showing archaeological finds and planning notification areas in the vicinity of Newton Longville derived from the County Sites and Monuments Records. Development proposals affecting sites of potential archaeological interest (whether below grounds remains or standing structures) will need to be assessed and determined in accordance with national and local planning and policy guidance.

12 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 8 - KEY VIEWS AND VISTAS

Views into and out of the historic cores of Newton Longville changed significantly during the latter half of the 20th century with the development of the village. Modern housing has enveloped the area around the village green, Drayton Road and Westbrook End with the effect that formerly extensive views into these areas have been enclosed or destroyed. Distant views of the Conservation Area are limited and only visible from the area to the south-east of Newton Longville and south-west of Stoke Road.

Views out of the Conservation Area are also limited although, due to the elevated position of the village, long distance views of the rural landscape to the south-east of Newton Longville are visible from the village green. New development has restricted views within the historic core of the village and this has resulted in the formerly strong connection between the built and natural environment being severed. Today there is limited evidence of Newton Longville’s previous rural character.

3 21

1 Pond BAY TREE CLOSE V 39 8 18 7 Charnwood V View to specific object / landmark

E HOUSE RED 11 11 12

8 10 1 G Glimpsed views Hall

CLOSE PARADISE 9 11 4

3 2 1

5 1 Vista

10b 3 HOME FARM 11 10a

1 2 9 6 10 FIRE LANE 7

1a 13 12 CHURCH 6

END 4a Pond Aylesbury Vale District Council. LA 100019797 2006

17 4 ROAD

BLETCHLEY

1 PH 2 4

St Faith's 1 Church War Meml V Lych Gate

6 Most views within the Conservation 2 TCB V Area focus upon or are truncated by GP 8

1 buildings. St. Faith's church is the Manor House THE

SLADE Cemetery 2 V STOKE ROAD most visually prominent building

and is an important landmark within

8 the village. Significant views of the 1 ST G FA G ITH 'S St Anne’s Grange C church are gained from Whaddon LO SE The Old Parsonage V & Old Rectory Road and Church End. Other Church Hall 8 visually prominent buildings include The Rectory

10 7

12 St. Anne's Grange and the Old

35 V 9 Newton

9a Parsonage and Old Rectory located

32 Longville

11 ROAD 11a N on the eastern side of Drayton

YTON 31 A DR Road. Key views and vistas

Within the Conservation Area there are also a number of glimpsed views between buildings or across boundaries. These views have a more intimate and private character and include views from Drayton Road across the grounds of the Manor to the Manor building and between St. Anne's Grange and The Old Rectory to the trees located along their rear boundaries. This latter view provides an attractive backdrop to the buildings and forms a connection between the built environment and the adjacent rural landscape. View looking east from the churchyard

13 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 9 - OPEN SPACES AND TREES

Aerial photographs show that the only significant areas of public open spaces within the village envelope are concentrated around St. Faith's church and the village green. Here the boundary hedges, wide grass banks, verges and trees provide a soft edge to the street and hark back to the former rural character of the village.

Aerial photographs also reveal a concentration of trees around St. Faith's church and Newton Longville Manor. The trees within the environs of the church, village green and manor have been highlighted on the green space map as being particularly important because of the positive contribution they make to the streetscape12. These trees help to emphasise the historic core of the village Aerial photograph of Conservation Area 1999 as well as providing an attractive foreground and backdrop to views of individual buildings. In distant views of B AY TREE CLOSE the village from the south-east, it 39 8 18 7 Charnwood

is possible to locate the spire of 16

E HOUSE RED 11 11 12 St. Faith's church because it is 8 10

1 surrounded by trees against a sky Hall CLOSE PA

R A 9 11 DISE 4

line otherwise fairly devoid of 2 1

5 1

10b 3 HOME FARM vegetation. The statuesque 11 10a 14

1 2 9 6 10 organic forms of these trees FIRE LANE 7

1a 13 12

CHURCH 6 6

12 provide a strong visual contrast H 10 ADDON ROAD ROAD 5

END 4a Pond with the hard edges of the 17

BLETCHLEY

PO 1 PH 2 adjacent buildings as well as a 4 St Faith's 1 connection with the wider rural Church War Meml Lych Gate

6 2 landscape. TCB

GP 8

Manor House 1 TH

E SLADE Cemetery 2 S TO KE RO AD

T.P.O.’s (Tree Preservation Orders)

8 Other important trees / groups of trees 1 ST FAITH

'S CLOSE St Anne’s Grange

Important green spaces The Old Parsonage & Old Rectory

Church Hall Important hedges that provide 8 The Rectory

enclosure or firm village edge 10 7

Not to any recognised scale 9 Newton 9a

11 Aylesbury Vale District Council. LA 100019797 2006 11a

N 31 RAYTON ROAD D Map of Conservation Area showing extent of greenery

12 Conservation Area designation extends protection to all trees with stems measuring more than 75mm in diameter at a height of 1.5 metres above ground. Where trees have had a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) placed on them, this is usually in response to a perceived threat, and it should not be interpreted that trees within 14 Conservation Areas that are not subject to TPO’s are of no significance. Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 10 - PERMEABILITY

The five arterial roads that run

LTHE ROAD BLETCHLEY through and around Newton Longville, Whaddon Road,

BA Y TR EE C Westbrook End, Drayton Road, LO SE WHADDON Bletchley Road and Stoke Road ROAD provide a strong interconnecting framework from which all other

secondary routes and footpaths WESTBROOK

STOKE2 flow. The village green is the ROAD

ROAD nodal point of the village where END

YTON four of these five primary routes DRA (Whaddon Road, Bletchley Road, Drayton Road and Stoke Road) converge at a busy junction.

Despite the preponderance of cul- 2310 de-sacs within the village, Newton permeability is achieved through Longville the various narrow footpaths that connect these dead-ends to one another and to the principal routes N through the village. There are

850 several examples of surviving 4 Primary Routes Not to any recognised scale historic footpaths, notably a path Secondary Routes C Crown copyright. All rights reserved. which links Bletchley Road and Aylesbury Vale District Council. LA 100019797 2006 Footpaths Church End, and a partially Boundary of Conservation Area complete route that used to connect Westbrook End with St. Map showing roads and footpaths through village Faith's church.

The 1779 parish plan shows that the line of Drayton Road has altered since the 18th century. Previously the main Drayton Parslow to Stoke Road ran parallel to, but south-east of, the line of the current road. The road that has subsequently become Drayton Road formed, during the 18th century, a connection between the village green and the Drayton Parslow to Stoke Road. At some point between 1779 and 1841 the road arrangement changed and the Drayton Parslow to Stoke Road was realigned through the village. The section of the former road which had run along the Parish Plan 1779 showing original road layouts rear boundaries of the properties

Map reproduced with permission of Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies 15 Newton Longville Conservation Area

of the current Drayton Road became redundant. Nevertheless, a number of the historic properties along the south-eastern side of Drayton Road still present their principal elevations away from the road frontage and towards the direction of the former road.

Between 1779 and 1841 the current course of Bletchley Road, which runs north-eastwards from the village green, was established. The 1779 parish map shows that a short section of road did run north-eastwards from the green, but terminated at an area of free or common land at the boundary of the village. Access to the Bletchley Road was at this time gained from Whaddon Road via a small road13 which ran to the north-west of Fire Lane before turning eastwards to join Bletchley Road.

16 13 This road no longer exists. Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 11 - ALTERATIONS TO BOUNDARIES

The existing Conservation Area in Newton Longville incorporates a relatively small area of the village and is centred on the village green and junction of Whaddon Road, Bletchley Road, Drayton Road and Stoke Road.

It is proposed that this boundary is extended north-eastwards to include the grade II listed nos. 8 and 11, Bletchley Road. These 16th and 17th century timber-frame cottages are surrounded by later development. Their form and appearance is consistent with historic properties within the Conservation Area and they are the last visual evidence of the historic core of the village from the north-east.

It is proposed that the Conservation Area is extended south- westwards to include the treed area to the south-west of St. Faith's Close and the Old School. This building is now redundant, but was constructed in 1902 to replace an earlier school building on the same site. This rather attractive but poorly neglected building retains many of its original features. Historically this building would have provided a key focus to village life and had strong connections with the church and Old Rectory. The Old School

It is proposed that the modern 12, Whaddon Road and the rear gardens of 6 and 7, St. Faith's Close are removed from the Conservation Area.

3 21

1 Pond BAY TREE CLOSE

39 8 18 7 Charnwood Areas to be included

E HOUSE RED 11 11 12

8 Areas to be excluded 10 1

Hall

CLOSE PARADISE 9 11 4

3 2 1

5 1

10b 3 HOME FARM E 11 1 N 14 0

A a

L 15 1 2 E 9 6 IR 10 F 7

1a 13 12

CHURCH 6 6

12 WHADDON 10 ROAD ROAD 5

END 4a Pond

17 4

BLETCHLEY

1 PH 2 4

St Faith's 1 Church War Meml Lych Gate

6 2 TCB

GP 8

Manor House 1 TH E S

LA Cemetery 2 DE 10

STOKE ROAD

8 1 ST FAITH'S CLOSE

St Anne’s Grange

The Old Parsonage Stoke Road & Old Rectory Farm The Old School

The Rectory

10 7

9 Newton 9a 32 Longville

D A 11 Not to any recognised scale

R 11 N a O T

R 107.5m 13 D Aylesbury Vale District Council. LA 100019797 2006 N

16 Map showing changes to boundary

14 The following principles have been applied in defining the boundary:- b Wherever possible the boundary follows features on the ground which are clearly visible, for example walls, hedges, building frontages. This is to minimise confusion. b Where there are important buildings, the boundary includes their curtilage. This is due to the fact that the setting of a building can be important and also to ensure that the Conservation Area is not eroded if land is sold or sub-divided. b Where landscape features such as a row of trees or an important hedge defines a boundary, then the Conservation Area status is assumed to apply to features on both sides of the boundary. It is not therefore 17 necessary to define the width of a hedge or the span of a tree. Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 12 - DEFINITION OF IDENTITY AREAS

3 21

1 Pond The boundary of the Church End BAY TREE CLOSE 39 8 18 7 Charnwood

Conservation Area contains two N E HOUSE RED 11

12 11

8 areas of contrasting character. 10 1

Hall

CLOSE PA

R A 9 Firstly the cluster of historic 11 DIS 4 E

3 2 1

5 1

10b 3 1 development of a primary HOME FARM 11 4 10a

1 2 9 6 10 FIRE LANE 7

vernacular character focused upon 1a 13 12

C 6 H 6

12 UR 10 WHADDON ROAD C

H the village green, and secondly, the ROAD 5

EN 4a Pond

D 17 4

BLETCHLEY

1 PH 2 more substantial buildings set 4

St Faith's 1 Church War Meml within large plots at the north- Lych Gate

6 2 eastern end of Drayton Road TCB GP 8

Cemetry

including the local landmark Manor House 1 THE SLADE 2 10

buildings of St. Faith’s Church, the 2 STOKE ROAD 4

Old Rectory, Old Parsonage, Pond

8 1 ST FAITH'S CLOSE

Newton Longville Manor and St. St Anne’s Grange

Stoke Road Anne's Grange. Farm The Old School

The Rectory

10 7

For the purposes of this appraisal, 3 5

9 9a

32 Newton these distinctive areas have been 11

11a Longville

YTON ROAD

31 107.5m 13 subdivided into identity areas 1 & 2 DRA

Pon and will be analysed individually 16 and then compared.

Map showing Identity Areas

18 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 13 - VILLAGE MORPHOLOGY

Identity Area 1

The village green functions as the primary public space within Newton Longville. It is roughly rectangular in shape and is formed from the widening of the south-eastern end of Whaddon Road. Like many village greens it is an important nodal point and is associated with the junction of four primary roads through the settlement. It is also the terminus of Paradise a minor road and an historic footpath that cuts between 5 and 6, Church End and leads through to Bletchley Road. These narrow and enclosed vehicular and pedestrian routes provide a strong visual contrast with the openness of the village green into which they feed.

The village green is contained along its north-eastern and north-western boundaries by buildings. Those on the north-eastern edge of the green are relatively densely organised

comprising of a mixture of small terraced and detached properties. In the main, properties here

21 are situated towards the 1 BAY TREE CLOSE front of their plots either 39 18 Charnwood hard up to the pavement

16 Newton edge or slightly back

Longville12 11 11 8 from it behind brick 10 1 boundary walls, with Hall PARADISE private gardens 4 9

2 1

5 extending to the rear at 1

10b 3 10a HOME FARM right angles to the road. 11

2 10 9 6 7 The plots range in width

1a 13 between 4.5m and 22m,

CHURCH 6 6

12 10 ROAD although the average is 5

WHADDON ROAD END

4a Pon closer to10m. 17

BLETCHLEY

PH 2 4

1 St Faith's Although there are a Church War Meml Lych Gate number of examples of

2 buildings orientated TCB

GP gable on to the street, 8

STOKE ROAD the majority are

Manor House 1 Cemetry 2 orientated so that their ridge lines run parallel to Identity Area 1- showing organisation of space the carriageway. Properties nos. 6 to 9, Church End are Loss of enclosure unusual because they are loosely Hedge & railings providing enclosure organised in a courtyard arrangement, Indicating rise in ground level set back from the road behind a low Strong building line providing enclosure brick wall. A number of buildings, including 10 and 17, Church End and Trees providing enclosure the Red Lion public house, have no Conservation Area Boundary land associated with their properties. Extent of former open space around village green

The buildings on the north-eastern side of the green create a strong edge and sense of enclosure which is further compounded by the relationship of these buildings to the small island of historic development to the south-west, containing the Red Lion public house15. This island of buildings runs parallel to the north-eastern boundary of the green, and although the buildings

15 This form of island of encroachment development typically suggests the location of a market. Often temporary market stalls became permanent buildings over the course of time infilling areas of village greens or town 19 squares. However no evidence of a market in Newton Longville has been found. Newton Longville Conservation Area

primarily face towards the church, the effect is to create a short isolated stretch of narrow street. Historically this dense grouping of buildings would have been much more visually prominent contrasting with the larger and more widely dispersed properties situated along Fire Lane and Paradise, which early maps show formed part of the open space of the green prior to modern infill development Drawing showing narrow street in during the late 20th century. village green

The south-western boundary of the green is formed not by buildings, but by the boundaries of St. Faith's church, Newton Longville Manor and the cemetery. Raised banks topped with hedges and railings, wide grass verges and trees border these areas and form a soft organic edge to the green.

The south-eastern boundary of the green is less clearly defined. The sense of contained public space begins to dissipate around the road junction and is further compounded by the falling ground levels and emerging long distant views of the countryside to the south-east.

20 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Identity Area 2

Drayton Road runs in a north-eastern to south-western direction from the south-eastern end of the village green. Properties in this part of the Conservation Area sit within substantial private grounds. On the south-eastern side of the road, St. Anne's Grange and the Old Rectory are fairly centrally positioned towards the front of their plots with private land to the sides and rear stretching south-eastwards down the hill at right angles to the road.

Newton Longville Manor is set some distance back from the north-western side of Drayton Road within substantial grounds. The plot is irregular in shape; however its width at the point where it fronts onto Drayton Road is approximately 49m, comparable to the 45m and 56m frontages of the properties opposite. The north-western boundary of the Manor and that of the adjacent cemetery, continues the organic form of the south-western side of the village green

and churchyard with raised banks, hedging and trees providing definition. 3 In contrast the south-eastern 11 1 1 0a

2 9 6 10 side of Drayton Road is 7 LANE

RE 13 12 CHURCH 6

defined by brick walls which 6 12

10 ROAD 5 create a dramatic boundary AD

END 4a Pond

and a hard edge to the street. 17 BLETCHLEY

PH 2 The walls are an architectural 4 St Faith's 1 Church War Meml statement that provides a Lych Gate 6

strong sense of enclosure, 2 TCB

clearly defining the boundaries GP 8

between public and private Manor House 1 THE SLADE Cemetry 2

space. STOKE ROAD

Beyond the boundary of the 4

1 Conservation Area, Drayton 8

1 ST FAITH'S CLOSE

Road continues south- St Anne’s Grange westwards. The buildings

along the north-western side The Old School

of the road are set some The Rectory

10 distance back from the road 7 12

edge behind wide grass verges. 9 9a

32 Newton This section of Drayton Road 11 OAD R L ill has an open and engineered Identity Area 2 - showing organisation of space feel.

Loss of enclosure Hedge & railings providing enclosure Indicating rise in ground level Strong building line providing enclosure Trees providing enclosure Conservation Area Boundary

Visually important boundary

21 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 14 - ARCHITECTURAL FORM

Built form within Newton Longville is quite eclectic ranging from simple vernacular cottages to larger farmhouses and examples of more substantial polite architecture. Although buildings range in date from the medieval period through to the present day, the fluctuating economic fortunes of the village saw periods of more intense development. There are a number of surviving buildings with medieval origins16 which reflect the agricultural prosperity of Hollybush Farm the community during this period. There are also a number of properties dating from the mid to late 19th century when the brickyards were established to the north-east of the village. However, the majority of the buildings at Newton Longville date from the 20th century when development pressures changed the character of Newton Longville from a small agricultural community to a large commuter village.

Although the more historic structures within Newton Longville Manor House Barns have, due to large-scale modern development, lost much of their rural context, there remain a number of examples of former farmhouses, which allude to the historic importance of agriculture to the economy of the village. These buildings are primarily detached and set within relatively large plots, sometimes with associated ancillary buildings. Buildings range in height between one and a half and two storeys and are generally 3 to 4 bays in length. Many of the buildings are timber framed with steeply pitched thatched roofs.

A number of utilitarian buildings associated with agriculture also survive. The majority have been converted to dwellings or are used as ancillary buildings to domestic dwellings. Examples include the 10a and 10b, Church End, which were former stables, the barn between 2 and 3, Church End and the more substantial thatched barns at the Manor.

Identity Area 1

Historic development around the village green has a distinctive character. Buildings here are arranged more densely than elsewhere within the village. The majority are orientated towards the village green and provide enclosure. Although there is a mixture of detached and semi-detached buildings, all are vernacular in character and relatively modest in scale and form. The Narrow gable widths majority of the buildings are rectangular in plan although many have later extensions to the rear. All are between one and a half and two storeys with ridge heights ranging between approximately 5 to 8 metres although the average height is just less than 7 metres. Gable widths are generally narrow between 4 and 5.5 metres, and roof pitches vary between approximately 30° and 55°, according to the roofing material. Building elevations are constructed of brick or brick and timber and a number are painted. Fenestration details are fairly regular with strong solid to void ratios.

16 Several of which contain cruck frames. 22 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Identity Area 2

The buildings at the north-eastern end of Drayton Road are substantial in scale. Each is a listed building, significant not only for their age and architectural character, but also their contribution to the street scene. The buildings differ greatly in appearance and are linked by their scale and physical presence within the street.

A detailed description of these buildings is contained within chapter 15 and Appendix IV of this document. The Old Parsonage & Old Rectory

23 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 15 - DETAILS AND MATERIALS

Roofs

The majority of the older, timber-framed properties in Newton Longville are roofed in thatch. The roofs of these properties are generally gabled or half-hipped in form with steep pitches of approximately 55°17. In a number of cases the thatching material has been changed from the locally traditional long-straw or combed wheat reed to water reed. This change of material results in the loss of the typically soft rounded outlines of long-straw and combed wheat reed roofs to the much sharper clipped appearance of water reed.

Traditionally the ridges of thatched roof would have been flush with the roof plane. However, many of the thatched roofs of Newton Longville have been changed over time to more decorative block cut ridges associated with water reed and not traditional to either long-straw or combed wheat reed roofs.

A number of the historic properties within the village have shallow pitched roofs covered in slate. The steeper pitch of the Newton Longville Manor House is covered in traditional plain clay tiles, but their use elsewhere in the village is limited. Unfortunately a number of traditional roofing materials have been replaced with modern alternatives including artificial slates and machine made tiles. This has resulted in significant and detrimental changes to the visual character and outline of roofs within the village.

Water Reed Buckingham Hybrid

Straw

Artificial slate Slate Corrugated Machine tiles

24 17 Roofs of non-thatched historic properties are generally gabled or half-hipped in form. Newton Longville Conservation Area

Chimneys

Chimneys are an important element of the roofscape. They articulate rooflines, create an architectural rhythm and provide the opportunity for further decorative expression. There are examples of gable end, mid ridge and external stacks within the village. Gable end stacks act as a full stop to roofs, mid ridge chimneys interrupt the roofline providing interest and variety and external stacks are architectural statements by virtue of their scale and visual impact. There are a number of examples of 19th century properties, where dentillated brickwork has been used to ornament chimneys.

Gable Stacks

Ridge Stacks External Stack

25 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Walls

Timber

With the exception of St. Faith's church, the historic buildings within Newton Longville are constructed from timber framing, or brick, or a combination of both. Timber was the principal building material until the mid 19th century when the opening of a local brickyard heralded brick as the dominant building material.

Although the majority of timber-framed properties in the village are constructed in a simple square panel form, a number of cruck constructed buildings survive. This form of construction utilises paired curved timbers joined by a tie or collar beam which rise from ground level to the apex of the roof. In the majority of cases the cruck frames have been altered or hidden from external view beneath render and paintwork.

The majority of the timber-framed properties within the village sit upon rubble stone plinths and have brick infill panels. In many cases the brick panels have been rendered and painted creating a strong visual contrast between the painted surface and blackened timber elements.

Timber-framed with modern Timber-framed with braces and brick infill painted / and or rendered infill panels

26 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Brickwork

Brick became a popular construction material in Newton Longville after the mid 19th century when the local brickyard was established just to the north of the village along Bletchley Road. The bricks produced at the local brickworks were initially made by hand, moulded in wooden frames and wire cut. This created fairly uniform shaped bricks with some striations on their surfaces. The bricks range in colour from a reddish brown to an orangey brown.

The majority of the bricks used in the construction of historic buildings in Newton Longville are laid in a Flemish bond. There are however examples of buildings where the brickwork does not conform to a conventional bond such as 1, Church End. There are also examples where more than one bond has been used on a single building such as 3, Church End where bricks are laid in a Flemish bond for the main building, but the external chimney on the gable elevation is laid in English Bond. The majority of the brick boundary walls in the village are laid in a Flemish garden-wall (Sussex) bond.

Particularly characteristic to Newton Longville is the use of brick to create decorative detailing. At the Old Parsonage brickwork laid in a Flemish bond with vitrified headers results in a chequered pattern to the entire wall surface. More subtle examples of decorative work include the preponderance of dentilated brickwork under cornices at eaves level and on chimneys, decorative stringcourses where bricks have been laid diagonally exposing one corner to achieve a dogtooth pattern and diamond pattern diaper work within the apexes of the gables of 1 and 10, Church End.

Brickwork is also used to emphasise particular architectural features such as the ground floor gable window at 6, Church End where the segmental arch, cill and sides of the window opening are picked out in orange bricks.

A number of brick buildings within the village have been rendered and/or painted.

Flemish Bond Flemish Bond laid English Bond Flemish & Random in a chequered English Bond brickwork pattern

Dentilated brick eaves String course Diaper brickwork

27 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Windows

Unfortunately there are relatively few examples of historic properties within the Conservation Area that have retained their original fenestration. The majority of the properties have replaced their historic windows with UPVc and double glazed units fitted into original openings. This has significantly altered the appearance of many of the historic properties within the village, most notably around the village green.

There are examples of casement (including fixed light and opening light metal casements) and sash windows within the village18. The fenestration details of properties vary, but generally buildings with elevations post 19th century are articulated with relatively regular fenestration patterns, those pre 19th century tend to be more irregular. Historic openings are relatively small in comparison to the wall surface creating a strong solid to void ratio. Where original openings survive they reveal that the majority of historic windows sit slightly recessed from the wall plane beneath timber lintels or segmental brick arches.

Many of the thatched or previously thatched historic properties have dormer windows. These tend to be eyebrow dormers at eaves level, although where the roof is thatched in water reed, the edges around the dormer are very sharp. There are some examples of inverted dormers, notably in the thatched roof of St. Anne's Grange, these are not traditional in form. Examples of dormers within non-thatched historic properties are limited.

Wrought iron Leaded light Wooden sash Modern UPVc window window window window

Modern gable Eyebrow dormer in Eyebrow dormers in thatched Modern inverted dormer former thatched roofs dormer in roof thatched roof

18 There is also an example of a 16th century stone mullion window at Newton Longville Manor, but this is a form of window type found nowhere else within the village. 28 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Doors

Very few examples of historic doors exist within the village Conservation Area. The majority of properties have replaced historic doors and door surrounds with modern wooden or UPVc alternatives. A particularly attractive and visually prominent example of a 19th century six panel door with fan light and original door surround survives at 1, Church End. The door surround consists of an architrave, pilasters and console brackets supporting a flat canopy. Other less ornate examples of door surrounds include 7, Church End and 10, Whaddon Road.

19th century door 19th century doorways with 20th century doors Modern porch and doorway

29 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Boundary treatment

The majority of property boundaries within the Conservation Area are defined by brick walls. These walls range in height from approximately a metre to over two metres along the boundary of the Old Parsonage and Rectory. Walls tend to be constructed in orangey/red brick19 similar to the buildings within the village and laid in Flemish garden-wall (Sussex) bond, capped with half round bricks or tiles. The low wall in front of nos. 6 to 9, Church End is unusual because it has a decorative stringcourse where bricks have been laid diagonally exposing one corner to achieve a dogtooth pattern. This is a decorative detail found on some brick buildings within the Conservation Area.

Other characteristic forms of boundary treatment in the Conservation Area are metal estate railings or wooden post and rail fencing set against hedgerows. This soft, organic boundary treatment contrasts with the hard edges created by brick walls and runs along the boundary of the church and Newton Longville Manor.

There are examples of both decorative metal and wooden entrance gates found in the Conservation Area.

3 2

Aylesbury Vale District Council.16 LA 100019797 2006

RED 11 11 12

HOUSE 10

Hall

CLOSE PARADISE 9 11 4

2 1

5 1

10b 3 HOME FARM 11 10a

1 2 9 6 10 FIRE LANE 7

1a 13 12

C 6 H 6

12 U

R A 10 ROAD DDON C ROAD H 5

END 4a Pond 17

BLETCHLEY

1 PH 2 4

St Faith's 1 Church War Meml Lych Gate

6 2 TCB

GP 8

Manor House 1 THE SLADE Cemetery 2 10 STOKE RO

8 1 ST FAITH'S CLOSE

St Anne’s Grange

The Old Parsonage Stoke Road & Old Rectory Farm The Old School

The Rectory

10 7

9 Newton 9a

32 Longville

11a

31 107.5m 13 DRAYTON ROAD N

Examples of important hedges that provide enclosure or firm village edge

Examples of visually important boundaries

Boundary of Conservation Area

Map showing significant boundaries

19 Part of the north-eastern boundary of Newton Longville Manor is constructed in white/buff coloured bricks 30 which are uncharacteristic to this area. Newton Longville Conservation Area

Modern brick wall with Brick walls with tile copings decorative brickwork and half round coping

Metal estate railing Wooden fences

Metal and wooden gates

31 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Surface treatment

There are no examples of surviving historic surfaces within the Conservation Area. Streets and pavements are covered in tarmacadam although stone kerbs survive around Church End and the village green.

Stone kerbs Concrete kerbs

32 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 16 - KEY BUILDINGS

A table of all the listed buildings and local note buildings20 within the Conservation Areas at Newton Longville are contained within Appendix V of this document. However, a number of key historic buildings deserve particular mention by virtue of the visual and historic contribution they make to the Conservation Area.

St. Faith's Church

Situated at the north-eastern end of the village adjacent to the village green, the church of St. Faith of Acquitaine was founded in the 12th century. It formed part of an alien priory established by Walter Giffard with close links to the cluniac abbey of Santa Foy (St. Faith's) in the French village of Longueville-sur-Scie in Normandy.

St. Faith's is the only building constructed entirely of rubble stone within the village. The nave is 12th century, the chancel, north chapel and aisles 14th century and the west tower and north and south porches 15th century.

St. Faith's forms the visual and religious focus to the village. Prominently located on raised ground, surrounded by trees and greenery, the church forms the focus to views when approaching the village green from the south-west along Whaddon Road and from Church End.

Newton Longville Manor House

In 1414, the alien priory at Newton Longville was sequested by Henry V and in 1442 it was granted by Henry VI to New College Oxford. In 1550 New College constructed a manor house on the site of the former priory using materials from the demolished ecclesiastical buildings. The manor and attached 17th or early 18th century timber and thatched barns are situated to the south-west of the church, away from the village green and Drayton Road and within substantial grounds enclosed by hedges and trees. This attractive building is constructed from red brick with diaper work in blue headers with stone quoins and rubble plinth. Although not visually prominent from the public domain, the manor is nevertheless significant in terms of its surviving architectural detailing and historical importance as the principal domestic building within the village.

St. Anne's Grange

St. Anne's Grange is a large timber frame building prominently located at the north-eastern end of Drayton Road. It forms a key visual element in the street by virtue of its size, position towards the front of its plot and large expanse of thatched roof. Although the history of the building is unclear, it is believed to date from the late 16th or early 17th century and is partly constructed of medieval materials salvaged from the demolition of the priory.

20 Local note buildings are buildings that are not listed but contribute positively to the character of the 33 Conservation Area. Newton Longville Conservation Area

The Old Parsonage and Old Rectory

Adjacent to St. Anne's Grange is the Old Parsonage and attached Old Rectory. The Old Rectory is an imposing three storey, flat roofed building dated 1830. The classically influenced red brick elevations are divided into three bays and articulated with tripartite sashes. This rather austere building creates a strong visual impact by virtue of its scale and position close to the south-eastern boundary of Drayton Road, and is also significant because in form and character it is unlike any other property within the village.

Attached to the north-western elevation of the Old Rectory is the rather more diminutive 18th century Old Vicarage. This two storey building is constructed of vitreous brick with red brick dressings and with its later alterations and extensions to the south is altogether more haphazard

in its form than its neighbour. 1

3 2

1 Pond BAY TREE CLOSE

39 8 18 7 Charnwood

N E HOUSE RED 11 11 12

8 10

Hall

CLOSE PARADISE 9 11 4

3 2 1

5 1

10b 3 HOME FARM 11 10a

1 2 9 6 10 FIRE LANE 7

1a 13 12

CHURCH 6 6

12 WHADDON ROAD 10 ROAD 5

END 4a Pond

17 4

BLETCHLEY

1 PH 2 4

St Faith's 1 Church War Meml Lych Gate

6 2 TCB

GP 8

Manor House 1 THE

SLAD Cemetery 2 E 10

STOKE ROAD

8 1 ST FAITH'S CLOSE

St Anne’s Grange

The Old Parsonage & Old Rectory Stoke Road Farm The Old School

The Rectory

10 7

9 Newton 9a

32 Longville

11a

31 107.5m 13 DRAYTON ROAD

34 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 17 - NEGATIVE FACTORS AND ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Aylesbury Vale District Council intends to develop a Management Strategy for all the Conservation Areas within the District. This document will set out short, mid and long-term objectives for the successful management of the historic environment.

Shown on the map below are a number of enhancement opportunities specific to Newton Longville.

3 21

Aylesbury Vale District Council.16 LA 100019797 2006

E HOUSE RED 11 11 12

8 10 N 1

Hall

CLOSE PARADISE 9 11 4

3 2 1

5 1

10b 3 HOME FARM 11 10a

LANE 15 1 2 9 6 10 FIRE 7

1a 13 12

CHURCH 6 6

12 10 WHADDON ROAD ROAD 5

7 END 4a Pond 17 4 PO Newton

BLETCHLEY 1 PH 2 1 4 Longville St Faith's 1 Church War Meml 6 Lych Gate 3 6

2 2 TCB 4 5 GP 8 5

Manor House 1 THE SLADE Cemetery 2 10

STOKE ROAD

8 1 ST FA ITH 'S C St Anne’s Grange LO SE DRAYTON ROAD The Old Parsonage & Old Rectory

Church Hall

The Rectory

10 7

9 9a 32

Road signs 1 Exposed bins 5

2 Street furniture 6 Impact of traffic & Parking

Overhead wires 3 7 All surfaces in the Conservation Area

4 Parish noticeboard

35 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 18 - GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aisles Part of a church. Running parallel to the nave (main body of the church) and usually separated from it by arcades or colonnades. Apex The highest point of a structure. Arcade A series of arches carried by columns, piers or pilasters. Architrave A moulding detail or frame surrounding windows, doors, panels or niches. Battlemented A parapet which has raised sections (called merlons) alternating between gaps or spaces (called crenelles). Bays Regular visual or structural divisions within the design of a building. Bond The pattern in which bricks or masonry are arranged within a wall. Cambered A shallow curve Canopy A covering or hood above a door or window. Casement window A metal, timber or plastic frame in which the opening lights are hung on hinges rather than sliding sashes or pivot hung. Chancel The eastern part of a church containing the choir and sanctuary. Cills A horizontal piece of timber, or metal or a course of bricks or stone, forming the bottom of a window or door opening. Collar beam A horizontal timber running across the roof span, at any point below the ridge and above the wall plate, which connects a pair of rafters. Colonnade A row of columns with an entablature above. Combed wheat reed Form of thatch using cereal straw (usually wheat). Produced by passing the straw through a reed comber which removes the grain, but does not crush the stem. Grouped in bundles with the stems laid in the same direction. Console brackets An S shaped bracket or corbel used to support elements above it, e.g. a cornice. Corbel A projecting or cantilevered block supporting elements above it. Cornice A moulded projection on top of an entablature, moulding, wall or opening. Cruck frames A pair of curved timbers which rise from ground level or the top of a wall to join together at the apex of the roof. Cul-de-sac A dead-end street, alley or passage. Curtilage The land contained within the boundary of a property Cusped A point formed at the junction of two curves or arches. Decorated Period of English medieval architecture dating from late 13th c to second half of 14th c. Dentilated brickwork Effect created by the projection of alternate headers to create a tooth-like pattern. Diaper work Pattern created by the use of different coloured or vitrified bricks. Dogtooth pattern Pattern created by bricks laid diagonally to expose one corner creating a serrated effect. Doric One of the five Classical Orders Dormer windows A window inserted vertically into a sloping roof with its own roof and sides. Dressed A surface finish e.g. planed timber, worked masonry. Eaves The bottom edge of a roof slope which overhangs the wall face. Ecclesiastical Term relating to the Christian Church Elevations The face of a building. Enclosure Map A form of land subdivision where small strip fields were amalgamated to form larger fields which were in turn enclosed. Up until 1750 this was a piecemeal process. Between 1750 - 1850 Enclosure Acts of Parliament made the practice widespread and changed the face of the countryside. An Enclosure map is a map showing the field divisions. English Bond Pattern created by bricks being laid in alternate courses of headers and stretchers.

36 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Entablature In Classical architecture, the section above the columns containing architrave, frieze and cornice. Eyebrow dormer Where the roofing material (thatch) has been swept over the dormer in a continuation of the roof form. Fan lights Any glazed opening above a doorway. Fenestration The arrangement of windows in an elevation. Flemish bond Pattern created by bricks being laid in alternate headers and stretchers. Flemish Garden-wall Pattern created by bricks where three stretchers are laid between each header. bond Also called Sussex Bond Frieze In Classical architecture, the section between the cornice and architrave of an entablature, sometimes decorated with patterns of figurative sculpture. Gable The end wall of a building. Gauged brick Precise brickwork, bricks laid with tight mortar joints. Headers A brick or stone where the longest dimension is positioned at right angles to the surface of the wall. Hipped gable A roof that slopes on all three sides at the gable. Infill panels Section of wall between timber frames. Usually infilled with lath and plaster (inter-woven strips of timber which are plastered) or bricks. Joists Parallel timbers, laid horizontally onto which a floor is laid or a ceiling fixed. Kerb A stone or block at the edge of a footpath which divides it from the carriageway. Lintels A horizontal beam spanning an opening which supports the wall above. Long straw Form of thatch using cereal straw (usually wheat, though sometimes rye). Length of stem usually more than 80cms and grouped into loose bundles with stems laid in different directions. Mesolithic Period between about 12,000 and 3,000 BC Order The detailing of a column in accordance with one of the Five Orders of Classical architecture i.e. Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite. Palaeolithic Period between approximately 2.5 to 3 million years ago and 12,000 B.C. Parapet A low wall along a roof, balcony or terrace. Pilaster Similar to a column, but rectangular and attached to a wall. Pitch The slope of a roof. Plain clay tiles The common clay, roofing tile. Plan The layout of a building Plinth The bottom section of a building designed to suggest that the building is sitting on a platform. Plot The land occupied by a building and its grounds. Polite architecture This term implies that aesthetics and architectural fashion have consciously been given consideration above functional requirements in the design of a building. Quoins The corner of a building emphasised with raised brick or stonework laid in a pattern. Rafters An inclined timber forming the sides of a roof. Render The finish of a surface with stucco, plaster etc. Ridge line The uppermost horizontal line of a roof, situated at the apex of the rafters. Roughcast Rough textured render. Rubble Rough and random sized un-worked stone. Segmental arch An arch which is formed from part of a circle but which is less that a semi- circle. Sequested Term meaning tempoarily removing a property from the possession of its owner. Solid to void ratio The ratio of areas of walls to areas of windows and doors

37 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Stacks Chimneys. Stretchers A brick or stone laid with its longest dimension parallel to the face of the wall. Stringcourse A horizontal band of moulding, usually located between storeys on a building. Terrace A row of adjoining houses, usually similar in appearance. Tie beam A horizontal timber connecting a pair of principal rafters designed to prevent the roof spreading. Timber-framed This term implies that the main structure of the building is formed from timber. Tracery Decorative pattern created by interconnecting elements of windows, screens, panels or vaults etc. Tripartite Divided into three Trusses Timber frames which support the roof, normally equally spaced along the length of the building. Tympana Name given to the space beween a lintel and an arch above a lintel. Urban Morphology Urban morphology is the analysis of the layout and form of places. Vernacular Traditional local building designs and techniques typically using locally sourced materials. Vitrified Bricks with a glazed finish typically darker in colour. Wall-plate Horizontal timber at the top of a wall to which are attached joists, rafters and roof trusses. Water reed (Phragmites australis) wetland plant used for thatching roofs. Traditionally its use was confined to Norfolk, the Fens and small areas along the south coast. Its use is now widespread and most water reed is sourced from abroad. Windbraces A timber within a timber frame, used to strengthen the structure against the wind. Usually forming an arch or diagonal.

38 Newton Longville Conservation Area

CHAPTER 19 - GUIDANCE AND USEFUL INFORMATION

Guidance b English Heritage & Planning Advisory Service, DCMS, Guidance on the Management of Conservation Areas, 2006. b English Heritage & Planning Advisory Service, Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals, 2006. b HMSO, Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, Chapter 9. b Department of the Environment, Planning Policy Guidance (PPG15), Planning and the Historic Environment. b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, Conservation Areas June 2003. b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, Listed Buildings, July 2003. b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, Building Materials, January 16th 1995. b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, The Conversion of Traditional Farm Buildings, July 18th 1990. b Aylesbury Vale District Council, Advisory Guide, 5a Thatching 30th August 2000.

Bibliography b English Heritage & Planning Advisory Service, DCMS, Guidance on the Management of Conservation Areas, 2006. b English Heritage & Planning Advisory Service, Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals, 2006. b HMSO, Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, Chapter 9. b Department of the Environment, Planning Policy Guidance (PPG15), Planning and the Historic Environment. b AVDC, Newton Longville Conservation Area, October 1991. b Royal Commission Buckinghamshire, Vol. 2, 1911. b Victoria History of the County of Buckinghamshire, Vol.4, Dawsons of Pall Mall b Pevsner, Nikolaus and Williamson, Elizabeth, The Buildings of England, Buckinghamshire, Penguin. 2000. b Martin, Roger, Bates, Jimmy, 'A Pictorial History of Newton Longville, 1995. b Tylor, John A. Newton Longville, A Glance at Times Gone By. b Newton Longville Jubilee Committee, Newton Longville Golden Jubilee Commemorative Brochure, 2002.

39 Newton Longville Conservation Area

b Young, F J L, Twigs on a Branch of the Young Family Tree, Fredrick J.L.Young, 1999.

b Newton Longville 1150 AD and Thereafter, A Guide to the Parish Church, Newton Longville Rectory. 1964.

Acknowledgements

The residents of Newton Longville

Newton Longville Parish Council

Buckinghamshire County Council Archaeological Unit

Buckinghamshire County Council, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies

Chris Barber

40 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Appendix I Map showing boundary of Conservation Area

3 21

1 Pond BAY TREE CLOSE

39 8 18 7 Charnwood

N E HOUSE RED 11

12 11

8 10

Hall

CLOSE PARADISE 9 11 4

3 2 1

5 1

10b 3 HOME FARM 11 10a

1 2 9 6 10 FIRE LANE 7

1a 13 12

CHURCH 6 6

12 WHADDON ROAD 10

END 4a Pond

17 4

BLETCHLEY ROAD

1 PH 2 4

St Faith's 1 Church War Meml Lych Gate

6 2 TCB

GP 8

Manor House 1 THE SLADE Cemetery 2 10

STOKE ROAD

8 1 ST FAITH

St Anne’s Grange 'S CLOSE

The Old Parsonage & Old Rectory Stoke Road Farm The Old School

The Rectory

10 7

9 9a Newton

32 Longville

11a

31 107.5m 13 DRAYTON ROAD

Not to any recognised scale

Features on the boundary are included in the conservation area

This map was accurate at the time of compilation in January 2006

41 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Appendix II Conservation Area Constraints

Below is a list of the types of development that are controlled by Conservation Area designation, and therefore require planning permission or Conservation Area Consent. This list is not exhaustive.

b Demolition of all and in some cases part, of any building or structure.

b An extension that exceeds 50 cubic metres or 10% of the volume of the original house as it was first built or as it stood on 1st July 1948.

b Cladding any part of the outside of a building with materials such as stone, artificial stone, timber, plastic or tile.

b Any addition or alteration to the shape of a roof, such as the addition of a dormer window.

b An extension or alteration to any structure within the grounds of a building, with a cubic content greater than 10 cubic metres, such as a garden shed.

Positioning a satellite dish on a wall, roof or chimney that faces a road or public space.

b Tighter advertisement controls

b Trees within Conservation Areas with stem diameters of 75mm or greater, measured 1.5 metres above the ground are protected. Anyone wishing to work on such trees must normally give six weeks written notice to the Local Authority. Replacement planting duties may apply.

Designating a Conservation Area does not remove or diminish other legislation that may apply within an area, including Listed Building protection, protection for Ancient Monuments and Tree Preservation Orders.

For further information please contact the Conservation Areas Officer at Aylesbury Vale District Council on (01296) 585748

42 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Appendix III Planning Policy

Below is a list of Planning Policies contained within Aylesbury Vale District Council's Local Plan, Part 1 (January 2004), relating to the management of Conservation Areas and the wider built historic environment.

GP.34 New development and local distinctiveness

GP.35 Design of new development proposals

GP.36 Efficient use of land

GP.37 Density of new development

GP.38 Landscaping of new development proposals

GP.39 Existing trees and hedgerows

GP.40 Retention of existing trees and hedgerows

GP.41 Minimising light pollution

GP.42 Design of advertisements

GP.43 Advertisements in Areas of Special Control

GP.44 Removal of unsafe or unattractive advertisements

GP.45 'Secured by Design' considerations

GP.46 Supplementary Planning Guidance

GP.47 Changes of Use to listed buildings

GP.48 Extensions and alterations to listed buildings

GP.49 Total demolition of listed buildings

GP.50 Partial demolition of listed buildings

GP.51 Setting of listed buildings

GP.52 Long distance views of churches and listed buildings

GP.53 New development in and adjacent to Conservation Areas

GP.54 Car parking and traffic generation in Conservation Areas

GP.55 Demolition in Conservation Areas

GP.56 Trees in Conservation Areas

GP.57 Advertisements in Conservation Areas

GP.58 Development and Scheduled Ancient Monuments

GP.59 Preservation of archaeological remains

GP.60 Development of Parks or Gardens of Special Historic Interest 43 Newton Longville Conservation Area

Appendix IV Archaeological Finds

Below is a map showing the location of archaeological finds and Planning notification areas in the vicinity of Newton Longville derived from the County sites and Monuments Record (SMR). The SMR is regularly updated with new information which will need to be considered in assessing future development proposals.

1. Possible medieval spindle-whorl. 2. Site of fifteenth to sixteenth century timber-framed dovecote 3. Medieval pottery 4. Seventeenth century well or cistern Seventeenth century trackway Twelfth to seventeenth century pottery 5. Seventeenth century knife handle 6. Medieval trackway and medieval pits 7. Medieval pottery 8. Medieval metalwork Mesolithic flints 9. Seventeenth century pottery

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10. Medieval trackway Medieval pottery Roman pottery Roman or medieval metalwork 11. Medieval ditched enclosure Possible medieval building 12. Medieval pottery 13. Twelfth to fifteenth century records of Cluniac cell in priory 14. Three possible medieval fishponds 15. Seventeenth century house foundations Seventeenth century pottery Seventeenth century trackway Seventeenth century wall and hearth Remains of medieval house Medieval pottery Two medieval and one seventeenth century pit Thirteenth century pottery Possible Palaeolithic handaxe 16. Mound which may have been constructed as a motte, but in later centuries has been used a windmill site, gallows and cemetery 17. Possible medieval house platform Medieval pottery 18. Possible medieval house platform Two Mesolithic flints 19. Medieval house platforms 20. Medieval pottery and tile and eighteenth century pottery 21. Parchmark and wall foundation of possible further building or buildings of post- medieval date 22. Nineteenth century map notes a small field barn

45 Asset sheets of Listed and Local Note Buildings Listed Buildings Appendix V

Heritage Asset Name of structure/site Type / Date Status Description and assessment of significance No Parish church. 12th century nave, 14th century chancel and aisles. 15th century west tower and north and south porches (restored in 1881) Constructed of coursed rubble stone with dressed stone for tower. Roof is lead with battlemented ironstone parapets to tower and nave. Mixture of 1 St Faith's Church 12th century parish church Grade I window types,including 15th century 2-light cusped window at west end and 15th century decorated windows to aisles.

Red brick manor house with diapering with blue headers, moulded stone and brick plinth and stone quoins. 20th century tiled roof and external brick chimney stacks with stone quoins. H-plan and two and a half storeys. A number of historic windows and doors. Interior has 16th 2 Manor House 16th century Manor House Grade II century stone fireplace and 17th century staircase.

Timber-framed and weatherboarded on blackened brick plinth. Half- hipped thatched roof. Larger barn is two storeys and two bays. Braced tie beam, queen struts and large curved windbraces in roof. Lower barn of 17th century -early 18th one bay set back to left is similar but slightly later. 3 Manor House barns Grade II century barns

Whitewashed and roughcast timber-framed building with curved windbraces in roof. Thatched with brick chimneys to centre and to east side. Two storeys with attic and 20th century extensions. Irregular modern windows. Internally has 15th century moulded beams and dressed stone St Anne's Grange, Drayton 4 Late C16 or early C17 Grade II fireplace. Short section of garden wall attached to north-east corner Road constructed from re-used fragments of medieval ecclesiastical masonry including a two-light traceried window. The Old Parsonage is 18th century, constructed of vitreous brick with red brick dressings, band course and slate roof. Later extensions to south. Interior has fragments of timber-framing with cambered moulded tie beam The Old Parsonage, Drayton 5 Late C18 Old Parsonage Grade II in first floor room and 18th century staircase. Road

Dated 1830, constructed of red brick with plain parapets and pantile roof. Three storeys with classically inspired elevations. South-east elevation has tripartite sashes, those to ground floor with segmental arches with panelled tympana, and those to upper floors with guaged brick heads. The Old Rectory and Flat, Centralised double doored entrance has arched glazed panels and panelled 6 Early 19th century, Rectory Grade II Drayton Road tympanum below 20th century segmental hood on Doric columns what were formerly inside the house. South-western elevation has 19th century conservatory.

Much altered in the 20th century. Timber-frame construction with brick infill panel. Thatched roof with central brick chimney stack. One and a half storeys in height, two bay principal elevation. Irregularly positioned House. C17 timber-framed ground floor windows and three-light window to first floor in thatch. 7 9, Church End Grade II cottage Porch to left is 20th century.

Timber frame construction with three cruck trusses (two incomplete) hidden beneath whitewashed render. One and a half storeys in height, two bay principal elevation. Mixture of two and three light 20th century Small house. C15 altered 8 11, Church End Grade II casements with gabled semi-dormers to first floor. 20th century pantile cottage roof.

Timber-framed building with whitewashed brick and plaster infills. One and a half storeys with steeply pitched asbestos slate roof (originally House C16 and C17 timber- thatched) with re-built brick chimney to left of right-hand bay. 9 8, Bletchley Road Grade II frame cottage Timber-framed cottage with rectangular panels of 20th century brick infill. Thatched roof with central brick stack. One and a half storeys and two bays with irregular 20th century leaded casements. 10 11, Bletchley Road Cottage. C17 timber-frame Grade II

Local note buildings Attractive brick building with decorative diaper brickwork, dentilated brick course at eaves level and stringcourse. Surviving 19th century door 11 1, Church End 19th century brick cottage N/A and doorway.

Constructed c.1750 in brick with some timber-framing. Formerly a public house called The Three Horseshoes, now a private residence with a small outbuilding to the right which houses a butchers shop. 18th century brick building 12 2, Church End N/A with some timber-framing

Two storey brick cottage positioned gable onto the street. Prominent in views looking north. Constructed in Flemish bond with English bond external gable stacks. Dentilated bricks at eaves, shallow pitch slate roof Brick cottage with 19th 13 3, Church End N/A and 20th century windows. Central window at first floor level is blocked. century principal elevation

Small, attractive cottage constructed of brick and thatched prominently positioned gable onto the street. Unknown age. Small brick and thatched 14 6, Church End N/A cottage

Semi-detached whitewahed brick building set back from the street behind 6, Church End. Two storeys with shallow pitch plate roof and brick end Rendered two storey cottage stacks. Modern casements and attractive entrance doorway. 15 7, Church End N/A with slate roof Former cobblers, this two storey, narrow gable brick building has attractive decorative brickwork including diaper pattern in gable end, Late 18th or early 19th dentilated eaves and decorative brick string course. 16 10, Church End N/A century brick building

Located to the rear of 10, Church End, this building was formerly a stable, but has been converted to two dwellings. Late 18th or early 19th 17 10a & 10b, Church End N/A century brick buildings

Simple 19th century brick building situated prominently on the Whaddon Road opposite the church. Attractive balanced principal elevation retaining a number of original features. 18 10, Whaddon Road 19th century brick cottage N/A

Built in 1902 on the site of the original village school. Although redundant for a number of years, the building retains many of its original features The Old School, St. Faith's Early 20th century brick 19 N/A Hall school

Large printdocumentavailable 66 HighStreet Aylesbury BucksHP201SD AYLESBURY VALE DISTRICT COUNCIL Tel: (01296)585439Fax:398665 Department ofEnvironment&Planning call (01296)545454 www.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk Minicom: (01296)585055

Newton Longville