DOCSLIB.ORG

Observation on Food Items of Asian Water Monitor, Varanus Salvator (Laurenti, 1768) (Squamata Varanidae), in Urban Eco - System, Central Thailand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Observation on Food Items of Asian Water Monitor, Varanus Salvator (Laurenti, 1768) (Squamata Varanidae), in Urban Eco - System, Central Thailand Biodiversity Journal , 2015, 6 (3): 695–698 Observation on food items of Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) (Squamata Varanidae), in urban eco - system, Central Thailand Sitthi Kulabtong * & Rujira Mahaprom Save wildlife volunteer Thailand, Wangnoi District, Ayuttaya Province 13170, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected] (Sitthi Kulabtong); e-mail: [email protected] (Rujira Mahaprom) *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Feeding habit of Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) (Squamata Varan- idae) in urban areas of Central Thailand indicated that this species is carnivorous and scavenger according to the observations data. KEY WORDS food items; Asian water monitor; Varanus salvator; urban ecosystem; Thailand. Received 09.07.2015; accepted 22.08.2015; printed 30.09.2015 INTRODUCTION urban ecosystem. Habitat of this species is semi- aquatic ecosystem. The microhabitat of the species Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, was thermally stable and the species also used bur- 1768) (Squamata Varanidae) is the largest monitor rows for the body temperature control (Shine et al., in Thailand and the second largest lizard in the 1996). Feeding habit and reproductive biology of world (Shine et al., 1996). Asian water monitor is Asian water monitor were reported in many coun- the most widespread species of all monitor lizards. tries, especially in Sumatra, Indonesia, Shine et al. Distribution range of this species is extending from (1998) reported that, the monitor lizard can eat a India Subcontinental to South East Asia, Sunda wide variety of prey, including vertebrates (e.g. rats, Islands, and Moluccas (Böhme, 2003; Gaulke & chickens) and invertebrates (e.g. insects, crabs). Horn 2004; and Koch et al., 2007, 2010). Reproduction of the monitor lizard is all year-round Current status of the species can be separated spawned, with lower intensity in drier months and into following subspecies according to Koch et al. the monitor lizard can produce multiple clutches of (2010) namely V. salvator salvator from Sri Lanka; 6–17 eggs each year. In Thailand, the biological V. salvator bivittatus (Kuhl, 1820) from Indonesia, data of Asian water monitor, V. salvator are poorly type locality Java; V. salvator andamanensis De- known, especially in urban ecosystem. raniyagala, 1944 from Andaman Islands; V. salvator macromaculatus Deraniyagala, 1944 from Thai- land, Peninsula Malaysia, Vietnam, southern China, MATERIAL AND METHODS Hainan, Sumatra, and Borneo and smaller off-shore islands. The surveys were carried out by direct observa- In Thailand, Asian water monitor can be found tion of Asian water monitor, V. salvator in many in many ecosystems from hill stream ecosystem, urban areas of Central Thailand during the period mangrove ecosystem, national park ecosystem to January–December, 2014. 696 SITTHI KULABTONG & R UJIRA MAHAPROM The determination of the ingested material was Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) carried directly on the site as observation or trans- porting food waste is difficult to identify in the 5. PERCIFORMES CHANNIDAE laboratory. The observation areas include: green Striped snakehead space of Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus and many parks in Bangkok; green space of Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) Silpakorn University Sanamchandra palace Cam - pus, Meuang District, Nakhon Patthom Province; 6. DECAPODA GRAPSIDAE green space of Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Marsh crab Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom Province; Mueang District, Ayuttaya Province; Meuang District, Episesarma spp. Chachoengsao Province; Bang Kruai District, Nonthaburi Province and Bang Kachao green zone, 7. TESTUDINES BATAGURIDAE Prapadaeng District, Samut Prakan Province (Figs. Snail-eating turtle 1–4). Malayemys macrocephala (Gray, 1859) RESULTS 8. ANURA RANIDAE Chinese edible frog In the observation zone and in laboratory we surveyed many food products which constitute the Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Wiegmann, 1834) basic diet of the Asian water monitor in urban eco - system of Central Thailand. 9. GALLIFORMES PHASIANIDAE Food items can be separated into 17 groups Chicken which were Cyprinid fishes, Common suckers, Nile tilapia, Climbing perch, Striped snakehead, Marsh Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) crab, Snail-eating turtle, Chinese edible frog, Chicken, Duck, Waterhen, Myna, Rat, Cat, Dog, 10. ANSERIFORMES ANATIDAE food scraps and carcass. Duck Below is the list of foods classified in detail. Anas spp. 1. CYPRINIFORMES CYPRINIDAE 11. GRUIFORMES RALLIDAE Carps or Cyprinid fish White-breasted waterhen Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Amaurornis phoenicurus Pennant, 1769 Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) 12. PASSERFORMES STURNIDAE 2. SILURIFORMES LORICARIIDAE White vent Myna Common suckers Acridotheres grandis Moore, 1858 Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (C. Weber, 1991) Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) 13. RODENTIA MURIDAE Common rat 3. PERCIFORMES CICHLIDAE Nile tilapia Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) 14. CARNIVORA FELIDAE Cat 4. PERCIFORMES ANABANTIDAE Climbing perch Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 Observation on food items of Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator , in urban ecosystem, Central Thailand 697 Figures 1 –4. Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in urban ecosystem of Bang Kachao green zone, Prapadang District, Samut Prakan Province, Central Thailand 15. CARNIVORA CANIDAE urban areas of Central Thailand indicated that this Dog species is carnivorous and scavenger. Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 16. Food scraps from households and restaurants, rubbish bin We wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their invaluable editorial advice. A very special 17. Carcass thank to Assist. Prof. Dr. Prateep Duengkae, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Thailand for CONCLUSIONS providing available data for this species and helping us during the field survey. The Asian water monitor, V. salvator , are carni - vores, and have a wide range of foods. They are known to eat fish, frogs, rodents, birds, crabs, REFERENCES snakes, turtles, young crocodiles and crocodile eggs (Sprackland, 1992; Whitaker, 1981) and Böhme W., 2003. Checklist of the living monitor lizards garbage (Uyeda, 2009). of the world (family Varanidae). Zoologische Verhan - According also to these our observations which deln, 341: 1–43. include a wide range of foods (see above), at Gaulke M. & Horn H.G. , 2004. Varanus salvator (Nom- present, feeding habit of Asian water monitor, in inate form). In: Pianka E.R. & King D.R. (Eds.): 698 SITTHI KULABTONG & R UJIRA MAHAPROM Varanoid lizards of the Word. Indiana University monitors Varanus salvator in Southern Sumatra. Press, Bloomington, Indianapolis, 244–257. Biological Conservation, 77: 125–134. Koch A., Auliya M., Schmitz A., Kuch U. & Böhme W., Shine R., Ambariyanto, Harlow P. & Mumpuni, 1998. 2007. Morphological Studies on the Systematics of Ecological traits of commercially harvested water South East Asian Water Monitors ( Varanus salvator monitors, Varanus salvator , in northern Sumatra. Complex): Nominotypic Populations and Taxonomic Wildlife Research 25: 437–447. Overview. In: Horn H.-G., Böhme W. & Krebs U. Sprackland R.G., 1992. Giant lizards. Neptune, NJ: (Eds.), Advances in Monitor Research III. Merten - T.F.H. Publications, 61 pp. siella 16, Rheinbach, 109–180. Uyeda L.T., 2009. Garbage appeal: relative abundance Koch A., Auliya M. & Ziegler T., 2010. Updated checklist of Water Monitor Lizards ( Varanus salvator ) correl- of the living monitor lizards of the world (Squamata: ates with presence of human food leftovers on Tinijil Varanidae). Bonn zoological Bullettin, 57: 127–136. Island, Indonesia. Biawak, 3: 9–17. Shine R., Harlow P.S. & Keogh J.S., 1996. Commercial Whitaker R., 1981. "Bangladesh – Monitors and turtles". harvesting of giant lizards: the biology of water Hamadryad, 6: 7–9..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Observations on Varanus S. Salvator in North Sulawesi
    ARTICLES Biawak 1(2): 59-66 © 2007. International Varanid Interest Group Observations on Varanus s. salvator in North Sulawesi HAROLD F. DE LISLE P.O. Box 1975 Twentynine Palms, CA 92277, US [email protected] Abstract: Asian Water Monitors (Varanus s. salvator) are widespread on the main island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, but rather rare in the province of North Sulawesi because of human predation. This study documents observations on the daily behavior of a small coastal population over a two week period. Observations of aquatic behavior led to discussion of the possibility that this population is able to catch live fish in a particular coastal lagoon. Introduction The Asian Water Monitor (Varanus salvator salvator) is perhaps the most wide-spread of all varanids. It is found from Sri Lanka, northern India, Bangladesh, Burma, Vietnam and Hainan (China) through Malaysia east to the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi and Wetar (De Lisle, 1996). Its ability to colonize the remote islands of Malaysia and Indonesia might be due to its adaptability towards freshwater and saltwater (Traeholt, 1994a), and also its large size is an advantage, giving both the energy reserves and power to survive an extended sea voyage and a greater potential to actually achieve a landfall. Backwash from tsunamis could start this process frequently enough. Figures 1A and B. Remnant primary forest on North Sulawesi Biawak 2007 Vol. 1 No. 2 60 Figure 2. Coastal stream, North Sulawesi Figure 3. Coast of the Moluccan Sea In March 2001, a month was spent in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia (island of Sulawesi) to observe the northeastern-most populations of the Asian Water Monitor (V.
    [Show full text]
  • Iguanid and Varanid CAMP 1992.Pdf
    CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR IGUANIDAE AND VARANIDAE WORKING DOCUMENT December 1994 Report from the workshop held 1-3 September 1992 Edited by Rick Hudson, Allison Alberts, Susie Ellis, Onnie Byers Compiled by the Workshop Participants A Collaborative Workshop AZA Lizard Taxon Advisory Group IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION A Publication of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, and the AZA Lizard Taxon Advisory Group. Cover Photo: Provided by Steve Reichling Hudson, R. A. Alberts, S. Ellis, 0. Byers. 1994. Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for lguanidae and Varanidae. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. Additional copies of this publication can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124. Send checks for US $35.00 (for printing and shipping costs) payable to CBSG; checks must be drawn on a US Banlc Funds may be wired to First Bank NA ABA No. 091000022, for credit to CBSG Account No. 1100 1210 1736. The work of the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group is made possible by generous contributions from the following members of the CBSG Institutional Conservation Council Conservators ($10,000 and above) Australasian Species Management Program Gladys Porter Zoo Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Sponsors ($50-$249) Chicago Zoological
    [Show full text]
  • AC31 Doc. 14.2
    Original language: English AC31 Doc. 14.2 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Thirty-first meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 13-17 July 2020 Interpretation and implementation matters Regulation of trade Non-detriment findings PUBLICATION OF A MANAGEMENT REPORT FOR COMMON WATER MONITORS (VARANUS SALVATOR) IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA 1. This document has been submitted by Malaysia (Management Authorities of Peninsular Malaysia – Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources and Department of Wildlife and National Park Peninsular Malaysia).* Background 2. For the last 50 years, Malaysia has sustained a trade in the skins of Common Water Monitors (Varanus salvator), listed in Appendix II since 1975. In accordance of Article IV, paragraph 3, exports of the specimens of Appendix-II species must be monitored continuously and suitable measures to be taken to limit such exports in order to maintain such species throughout their range at a level consistent with their role in the ecosystems and well above the level at which they would qualify for Appendix I. 3. The CITES Scientific and Management Authorities of Peninsular Malaysia committed to improve monitoring and management systems for Varanus salvator in Malaysia, which has resulted in the management system published here (Annex). Objectives and overview of the Management System for Varanus salvator 4. The management report provides information on the biological attributes of V. salvator, recent population data findings in Peninsular Malaysia and the monitoring and management systems used to ensure its sustainable trade. 5. The main specific objectives of the management report are: a) To provide a tool to support wildlife management authorities in Malaysia in the application of CITES provisions such as Non-detriment findings (NDFs).
    [Show full text]
  • Observation of Feeding Habit of the Asian Water Monitor, Varanus Salvator
    Biodiversity Journal , 2018, 9 (3): 213–216 DOI: 10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2018.9.3.213.216 Observation of feeding habit of the Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) (Squamata Varanidae) on a Asian toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) (Anura Bufonidae) in Thailand Rujira Mahaprom 1,2 & Sitthi Kulabtong 1* 1Save wildlife Thailand, Wangnoi District, Ayuttaya Province 13170, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The feeding habit of the Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) (Squamata Varanidae) in Thailand indicated that this species is carnivorous and scavenger. Here, we de - scribe an observation of an Asian water monitor on an Asian toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) (Anura Bufonidae) in urban areas of Central Thailand. Feeding habit data of an Asian water monitor is provided here. KEY WORDS Asian water monitor; Varanus salvator ; Asian toad; Duttaphrynus melanostictus ; ecology. Received 15.06.2018; accepted 21.07.2018; printed 30.09.2018; published online 05.10.2018 INTRODUCTION The current status of the species can be sepa - rated into following subspecies according to Koch The Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator et al. (2010). Namely, V. salvator salvator from Sri (Laurenti, 1768) (Squamata Varanidae) is the Lanka, V. salvator bivittatus (Kuhl, 1820) from In - largest monitor in Thailand and the second largest donesia, type locality Java, V. salvator andamanen - lizard in the world (Shine et al., 1996). In Thailand, sis Deraniyagala, 1944 from Andaman Islands, V.
    [Show full text]
  • Lotus Wind Power Project
    Initial Environmental Examination – Appendix H Project Number: 54211-001 March 2021 Document Stage: Draft Viet Nam: Lotus Wind Power Project Prepared by ERM Vietnam for Lien Lap Wind Power Joint Stock Company, Phong Huy Wind Power Joint Stock Company, and Phong Nguyen Wind Power Joint Stock Company as a requirement of the Asian Development Bank. The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Biodiversity survey Wet season report Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam 7 July 2020 Prepared by ERM’s Subcontractor for ERM Vietnam Document details Document title Biodiversity survey Wet season report Document subtitle Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam Date 7 July 2020 Version 1.0 Author ERM’s Subcontractor Client Name ERM Vietnam Document history Version Revision Author Reviewed by ERM approval to issue Comments Name Date Draft 1.0 Name Name Name 00.00.0000 Text Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam CONTENTS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Varanus Doreanus) in Australia
    BIAWAK Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry Volume 11 Number 1 ISSN: 1936-296X On the Cover: Varanus douarrha The individuals depicted on the cover and inset of this issue represent a recently redescribed species of monitor lizard, Varanus douarrha (Lesson, 1830), which origi- nates from New Ireland, in the Bismark Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. Although originally discovered and described by René Lesson in 1830, the holotype was lost on its way to France when the ship it was traveling on became shipwrecked at the Cape of Good Hope. Since then, without a holotype for comparitive studies, it has been assumed that the monitors on New Ireland repre- sented V. indicus or V. finschi. Recent field investiga- tions by Valter Weijola in New Ireland and the Bismark Archipelago and phylogenetic analyses of recently col- lected specimens have reaffirmed Lesson’s original clas- sification of this animal as a distinct species. The V. douarrha depicted here were photographed by Valter Weijola on 17 July and 9 August 2012 near Fis- soa on the northern coast of New Ireland. Both individu- als were found basking in coconut groves close to the beach. Reference: Weijola, V., F. Kraus, V. Vahtera, C. Lindqvist & S.C. Donnellan. 2017. Reinstatement of Varanus douarrha Lesson, 1830 as a valid species with comments on the zoogeography of monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae) in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology 64(6): 434–451. BIAWAK Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry Editor Editorial Review ROBERT W. MENDYK BERND EIDENMÜLLER Department of Herpetology Frankfurt, DE Smithsonian National Zoological Park [email protected] 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW Washington, DC 20008, US RUSTON W.
    [Show full text]
  • How Is the COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Wildlife Around the World?
    Open Journal of Ecology, 2020, 10, 497-517 https://www.scirp.org/journal/oje ISSN Online: 2162-1993 ISSN Print: 2162-1985 How Is the COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Wildlife around the World? Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine How to cite this paper: Abd Rabou, A.N. Abstract (2020) How Is the COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Wildlife around the World? Open The COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discov- Journal of Ecology, 10, 497-517. ered coronavirus at an animal market in Wuhan, China. Many wildlife spe- https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2020.108032 cies have been suggested as possible intermediate sources for the transmission Received: June 2, 2020 of COVID-19 virus from bats to humans. The quick transmission of COVID-19 Accepted: August 1, 2020 outbreak has imposed quarantine measures across the world, and as a result, Published: August 4, 2020 most of the world’s towns and cities fell silent under lockdowns. The current Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and study comes to investigate the ways by which the COVID-19 outbreak affects Scientific Research Publishing Inc. wildlife globally. Hundreds of internet sites and scientific reports have been This work is licensed under the Creative reviewed to satisfy the needs of the study. Stories of seeing wild animals Commons Attribution International roaming the quiet, deserted streets and cities during the COVID-19 outbreak License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ have been posted in the media and social media.
    [Show full text]
  • Pressing Problems: Distribution, Threats, and Conservation Status of the Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus Spp.) of Southeast
    March 2013 Open Access Publishing Volume 8, Monograph 3 The Southeast Asia and Indo-Australian archipelago holds 60% of the varanid global diversity. The major threats to varanids in this region include habitat destruction, international commercialism, and human consumption. Pressing Problems: Distribution, Threats, and Conservation Status of the Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus spp.) of Southeast Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago Monograph 3. André Koch, Thomas Ziegler, Wolfgang Böhme, Evy Arida and Mark Auliya ISSN: 1931-7603 Published in Partnership with: Indexed by: Zoological Record, Scopus, Current Contents / Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, Journal Citation Reports, Science Citation Index Extended, EMBiology, Biology Browser, Wildlife Review Abstracts, Google Scholar, and is in the Directory of Open Access Journals. PRESSING PROBLEMS: DISTRIBUTION, THREATS, AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE MONITOR LIZARDS (VARANIDAE: VARANUS SPP.) OF SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN ARCHIPELAGO MONOGRAPH 3. 1 2 1 3 4 ANDRÉ KOCH , THOMAS ZIEGLER , WOLFGANG BÖHME , EVY ARIDA , AND MARK AULIYA 1Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig & Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section of Herpetology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany, email: [email protected] 2AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Straße 173, 50735 Köln, Germany 3Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Jl. Raya Bogor km 46, 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia 4Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany Copyright © 2013. André Koch. All Rights Reserved. Please cite this monograph as follows: Koch, André, Thomas Ziegler, Wolfgange Böhme, Evy Arida, and Mark Auliya. 2013. Pressing Problems: Distribution, threats, and conservation status of the monitor lizards (Varanidae: Varanus spp.) of Southeast Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitor Lizards Research Station Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang Hasslinghauser Str
    BIAWAK Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry Volume 10 Number 1 ISSN: 1936-296X On the Cover: Varanus pilbarensis The Varanus pilbarensis depicted on the cover and inset of this issue was photographed by Max Jack- son in the northern Pilbara region of Western Aus- tralia on 15 Feburary 2015. Early searches during the day failed to turn up any wildlife due to the 40+ °C heat. Following a brief, but heavy mid-afternoon storm, a variety of wild- life emerged from rocky crevices to drink water that had collected in puddles on the surfaces of rocks. Among these animals were mammals, skinks, and a V. pilbarensis which remained active for around 10 minutes and allowed for a photograph. Also en- countered in a rocky crevice in close proximity to the V. pilbarensis was a V. tristis. BIAWAK Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry Editor Editorial Review ROBERT W. MENDYK MICHAEL J. BALSAI Department of Herpetology Department of Biology, Temple University Smithsonian National Zoological Park Philadelphia, PA 19122, US 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW [email protected] Washington, DC 20008, USA [email protected] BERND EIDENMÜLLER Griesheimer Ufer 53 Department of Herpetology 65933 Frankfurt, DE Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens [email protected] 370 Zoo Parkway Jacksonville, FL 32218 MICHAEL FOST [email protected] Department of Math and Statistics Georgia State University Atlanta, GA 30303, US Associate Editors [email protected] DANIEL BENNETT RUston W. HARTDEGEN PO Box 42793 Department of Herpetology, Dallas Zoo Larnaca 6503, Cyprus 650 South R.L. Thornton Freeway [email protected] Dallas, Texas 75203, US [email protected] MICHAEL Cota Natural History Museum HANS-GEORG HORN National Science Museum, Thailand Monitor Lizards Research Station Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang Hasslinghauser Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Organ of Water Monitor Lizard, Varanus Salvator Bivittatus (Reptil: Varanidae)
    Proceeding of the 3 Joint International Meeting Bogor INDONESIA, 13-15 October 2014 P-02 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Organ of Water Monitor Lizard, Varanus salvator bivittatus (Reptil: Varanidae) Mahfud1,2*, Chairun Nisa’3, Adi Winarto3 1Study Program of Animal Anatomy and Development, Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University 2Biology Educational, Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang, Jl. KH. Ahmad Dahlan Walikota Kupang 82558 3Department of Anatomy, Physiology dan Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Keywords: Varanus salvator bivittatus, hemipenes, propulsar muscles INTRODUCTION One of the majority species of Varanidae is Varanus salvator or which commonly known as water monitor lizards (water monitor) or Asian water monitor lizard. This species is the most widely spread out of the all varanids. In Indonesia, V. salvator are distributed in almost all islands, from Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku and Flores. Subspecies V. s. bivittatus was found only in Java, Bali and South East Islands [1]. The information on reproductive biological aspects of the V. s. bivittatus, especially the male reproductive organs is limited. Therefore, the study was aim to explore the male reproductive organs system of V. s. bivittatus that focused on macroscopic evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two adult male lizards with 45.60 cm SVL from Bogor area were used in this study. The lizard were anesthetized and exanguinated to sacrifice and fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde through perfusion then followed by visceral observation and morphometric carefully measurement. All the observation finding and collected data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and figures.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploratory Study of an Urban Water Monitor (Varanus Salvator) Population in Bengkulu, Indonesia
    Biawak, 12(1), pp. 42–47 © 2018 by International Varanid Interest Group Living Among Water Monitors: An Exploratory Study of an Urban Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) Population in Bengkulu, Indonesia DOUGLAS LAWTON1*, DENI PARLINDUNGAN2, ARIYOGA PRATAMA3, PANI ASWIN3, PAUZI JUNDARA3, RAHMAD DARMAWAN3, ACENG RUYANI3,4, CATHERINE E. MATTHEWS5 & ANN SOMERS6 1School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University 427 E Tyler Mall #320, Tempe, AZ 85281 Email: [email protected] 2Undergraduate School of Science Education, University of Bengkulu Jl. W.R. Supratman, Bengkulu, 38371, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] 3SBIH: Learning Nature, Harmony from Facts Perumnas UNIB, Jl. Permai IV, 38371, Indonesia 4Graduate School of Science Education, University of Bengkulu Jl. W.R. Supratman, Bengkulu, 38371, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] 5School of Education, Department of Teacher Education and Higher Education University of North Carolina at Greensboro 1400 Spring Garden Street Greensboro, NC 27412, USA E-mail: [email protected] 6Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Greensboro 321 McIver Street Greensboro, NC 27402, USA E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract - Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) is widespread throughout Southeast Asia and can be found living closely with humans in urban areas. In this study, the effects of trash piles on the size and capture frequency of V. salvator living on the campus of Bengkulu University (UNIB), Bengkulu, Indonesia were investigated. In addition, daily and weather pattern-related activity of V. salvator were evaluated. Four traps were set in strategic locations on UNIB’s campus from 13 October to 28 November 2015; two were set close to trash piles (< 25 m), and two were set in more natural areas (> 200 m from trash piles).
    [Show full text]
  • ZOO VIEW Tales of Monitor Lizard Tails and Other Perspectives
    178 ZOO VIEW Herpetological Review, 2019, 50(1), 178–201. © 2019 by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Tales of Monitor Lizard Tails and Other Perspectives SINCE I—ABOUT 30 YEARS AGO—GOT MY FIRST LIVING NILE MONITOR OTHER AS THE ROLL OVER AND OVER ON THE GROUND. THE VICTOR THEN AND BECAME ACQUAINTED WITH HIS LIFE HABITS IN THE TERRARIUM, THE COURTS THE FEMALE, FIRST FLICKING HIS TONGUE ALL OVER HER AND THEN, MONITOR LIZARDS HAVE FASCINATED ME ALL THE TIME, THESE ‘PROUDEST, IF SHE CONCURS, CLIMBING ON TOP OF HER AND MATING BY CURLING THE BEST-PROPORTIONED, MIGHTIEST, AND MOST INTELLIGENT’ LIZARDS AS BASE OF HIS TAIL BENEATH HERS AND INSERTING ONE OF HIS TWO HEMIPENES [FRANZ] WERNER STRIKINGLY CALLED THEM. INTO HER CLOACA. (MALE VARANIDS HAVE A UNIQUE CARTILAGINOUS, —ROBERT MERTENS (1942) SOMETIMES BONY, SUPPORT STRUCTURE IN EACH HEMIPENES, CALLED A HEMIBACULUM). MODERN COMPARATIVE METHODS ALLOW THE EXAMINATION OF —ERIC R. PIANKA AND LAURIE J. VITT (2003) THE PROBABLE COURSE OF EVOLUTION IN A LINEAGE OF LIZARDS (FAMILY VARANIDAE, GENUS VARANUS). WITHIN THIS GENUS, BODY MASS VARIES MAINTENANCE OF THE EXISTING DIVERSITY OF VARANIDS, AS WELL AS BY NEARLY A FULL FIVE ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE. THE FOSSIL RECORD AND CLADE DIVERSITY OF ALL OTHER EXTANT LIZARDS, WILL DEPEND INCREASINGLY PRESENT GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION SUGGEST THAT VARANIDS AROSE ON OUR ABILITY TO MANAGE AND SHARE BELEAGUERED SPACESHIP OVER 65 MILLION YR AGO IN LAURASIA AND SUBSEQUENTLY DISPERSED EARTH. CURRENT AND EXPANDING LEVELS OF HUMAN POPULATIONS ARE TO AFRICA AND AUSTRALIA. TWO MAJOR LINEAGES HAVE UNDERGONE UNSUSTAINABLE AND ARE DIRECT AND INDIRECT CAUSES OF HABITAT LOSS.
    [Show full text]