Medieval Medieval Encounters 25 (2019) 227–262 Jewish, Christian and Muslim Culture Encounters in Confluence and Dialogue brill.com/me The Mass Conversion of 1495 in South Italy and its Precedents: a Comparative Approach Nadia Zeldes Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
[email protected] Abstract Forced mass conversions were relatively rare in the Middle Ages but they have a cen- tral place in both medieval narratives and modern historiography. A distinction should be made between conversions ordered by Christian rulers, and pressure to convert coming from popular elements. Some well-known examples of the first category are the baptism ordered by the Visigothic rulers in Spain and the forced conversion of the Jews in Portugal. The mass conversion of the Jews of the kingdom of Naples in 1495 belongs to the second category. The article proposes to analyze the causes leading to the outbursts of violence against Jews in 1495 and the resulting mass conversions by making use of primary sources such as contemporary Italian and Hebrew chronicles, rabbinic responsa, and Sicilian material. Finally it proposes a comparison with other events of mass conver- sion, and principally that of 1391 in Castile and Aragon. Keywords conversos – southern Italy – Jews – Christians – expulsion of 1492 – conversion – migration – Sicily – Ferrante I of Naples – Charles VIII of France Although relatively rare events in the Middle Ages,1 forced mass conver- sions have a central place in medieval narratives and modern historiography. The classic comparison is the response of the Jews of Sepharad (broadly 1 This article only addresses the history of the Jews in Western Christendom; therefore mass conversions in the areas under Byzantine rule remain outside its scope.