DOCSLIB.ORG

One Discipline, Four Ways

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
One Discipline, Four Ways One Discipline, Four Ways One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American Anthropology The Halle Lectures With a Foreword by Chris Hann / is a research fellow of the Norwegian Ministry of Culture and professor of anthropology at Boston University. is professor in the Department for Social and Cultural Anthropology at the University of Vienna and head of the Anthropology Unit at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. is departmental lecturer in social anthropology at Oxford University. is professor emerita of anthropology at the City University of New York and president emerita of the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2005 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2005 Printed in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 1 2 3 4 5 : 0-226-03828-9 (cloth) : 0-226-03829-7 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data One discipline, four ways : British, German, French, and American anthropology / Fredrik Barth ...[et al.] ; with a foreword by Chris Hann. p. cm. — (The Halle lectures) “The twenty chapters of this volume derive from a series of lectures titled Four traditions in anthropology, which were organized to mark the inauguration of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle (Saale), Germany, in June 2002”—Fwd. Includes bilbiographical references and index. 0-226-03828-9 (cloth : alk. paper) — 0-226-03829-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Anthropology—History—19th century. 2. Anthropology—History—20th century. 3. Anthropology—Philosophy. I. Barth, Fredrik, 1928– II. Series. 17.48 2005 306—dc22 2004024388 o The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, 39.48–1992. Foreword / Chris Hann / vii / Fredrik Barth 1. The Rise of Anthropology in Britain, 1830–1898 / 3 2. From the Torres Straits to the Argonauts, 1898–1922 / 11 3. Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown, 1920–1945 / 22 4. The Golden Age, 1945–1970 / 32 5. Enduring Legacies of the British Tradition, 1970–2000 / 44 - / Andre Gingrich 1. Prelude and Overture: From Early Travelogues to German Enlightenment / 61 2. From the Nationalist Birth of Volkskunde to the Establishment of Academic Diffusionism: Branching Off from the International Mainstream / 76 3. From the Late Imperial Era to the End of the Republican Interlude: Creative Subaltern Tendencies, Larger and Smaller Schools of Anthropology / 94 vi / 4. German Anthropology during the Nazi Period: Complex Scenarios of Collaboration, Persecution, and Competition / 111 5. Anthropology in Four German-Speaking Countries: Key Elements of Post–World War II Developments to 1989 / 137 - / Robert Parkin 1. Pre-Durkheimian Origins / 157 2. Durkheim and His Era / 170 3. Mauss, Other Durkheimians, and Interwar Developments / 186 4. Structuralism and Marxism / 208 5. Practice, Hierarchy, and Postmodernism / 229 / Sydel Silverman 1. The Boasians and the Invention of Cultural Anthropology / 257 2. Postwar Expansion, Materialisms, and Mentalisms / 275 3. Bringing Anthropology into the Modern World / 292 4. Rebellions and Reinventions / 310 5. American Anthropology at the End of the Century / 328 References / 349 Index / 389 The twenty chapters of this volume derive from a series of lectures titled Four Traditions in Anthropology, which were organized to mark the inauguration of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle (Saale), Ger- many, in June 2002. Our institute had begun its work in temporary premises some three years earlier, but no one wanted any rituals before we had moved into our permanent buildings. By linking the inauguration to the annual gen- eral meeting of the Max Planck Society,we ensured that a good number of our research colleagues would be able to join all the ministers, rectors, and other dignitaries who had played a role in the founding of the institute. But we were also determined to infuse our collective rite of passage with an anthropologi- cal dimension; hence the idea for a lecture series. Our current research projects are overwhelmingly concerned with con- temporary social transformation and are based on fieldwork methods, but the establishment of a large new research center with an explicitly international ethos seemed to us an excellent opportunity to take a fresh look at the history of anthropology. Because this was very much an exercise in ritual, we felt free to experiment and even to indulge in role reversals. We therefore invited Adam Kuper, best known as a historian of the discipline, to deliver a Festvor- trag in the grand opening ceremony on a contemporary topic. (He chose to address controversies concerning the land claims of indigenous peoples, under the title “The Return of the Native”; for the published version see Cur- rent Anthropology for June 2003.) For the lecture series that preceded the in- augural ceremonies, we decided to approach four distinguished anthropolo- gists who, although they had contributed to the writing of disciplinary history, were not primarily specialized in this field. Each lecturer was encouraged to adopt a basically chronological approach to a single “tradition” but was other- wise given an entirely free hand. Amazingly, everything proceeded according viii / to plan, so that over a ten-day period an audience augmented by numerous foreign guests was treated to a splendid program. Each lecture was a cocktail based on concentrated scholarship and vari- ously shaken up with engrossing personal reminiscences, entertaining di- gressions, and deadly serious scientific, moral, and political criticism. For this publication we have decided to group each author’s lectures together, al- though in the Halle delivery they were interspersed. Each lecture was fol- lowed by a brief question-and-answer period, and each cycle of four lectures by an extended discussion session. In this way, we continuously identified the multiple links between the four traditions and reminded ourselves of the ob- vious inadequacy of selecting only four, with a strong “Western” bias. There are now vibrant schools of anthropology on every continent. Given my own views on treating Eurasia as a unity, it was especially regrettable that our for- mat left us no scope to consider the rich traditions of Russian anthropology, or more recent developments in China and India. Perhaps most important, we constantly questioned the very idea of presenting disciplinary history in this way.Space restrictions prevent us from including any record of these ani- mated discussions in this volume, but the reader should be aware that they took place. The lecturers have occasionally picked up some of the key points in their revisions. It seems to me undeniable that the diverse trajectories of anthropology (which, of course, we take as an umbrella concept, subsuming fields such as ethnology and ethnography, as well as folklore, museum studies, and so on) have indeed been deeply marked by their “national” settings, that is, by differ- ent intellectual contexts as well as different social and political environments. This is nowhere more evident than in East-Central Europe, where our insti- tute is located. German scholars developed pioneering research agendas and coined numerous key terms in the eighteenth century, long before the forging of a unified German state. Here, as elsewhere in Europe, the anthropological field has been strongly marked by nationalism. Even where this legacy was later modified by the imposition of Soviet Marxist theories, the continuities remain substantial. These lectures are primarily devoted to four variants of the comparative enterprise of Völkerkunde rather than to Volkskunde, the study of one’s own people, but we need to recognize that national frames have influenced both of these strands of anthropology almost from the very begin- ning. Yet it also seems self-evident that at least some differences have been nar- rowing in recent decades. The very establishment of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology (in German, Max-Planck-Institut für ethnologische / ix Forschung—literally, “for ethnological research”) and my recruitment from Great Britain as one of the founding directors are small signs of these trends of convergence. Our institute respects differences in scholarly traditions just as we respect them in other fields. We have no wish to promote Anglo-Saxon domination or a bland uniformity of style; instead, we wish to encourage better contacts across all national and ideological boundaries. In short, we would like to foster cosmopolitanism in a field that, all in all, has been one of the less cosmopolitan up until now. João de Pina-Cabral, in a report on the Halle event (published in Newsletter 33 of the European Association of Social Anthropologists in October 2002), highlighted the diverse backgrounds of the participants and concluded optimistically that The moments of discussion...showed that,today, socio-cultural anthropology does share a common stock of knowledge and a set of mutually available working concepts and methodological formulations. These constitute a common, global framework for debate and intellectual fertilization that is claimed by anthropolo- gists far beyond the boundaries of the twentieth century imperial nations. Might this not be thought of as a fifth tradition that, coming out of the imperial moment, provides us today with
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2013 3. Szám 2013 Október
    Jogelméleti Szemle 20132013////3333.. szám TARTALOM Tanulmányok Bodnár, Zsolt: The interrelationships of segregation and its impact on crime .................................... 2 Frivaldszky János – Frivaldszkyné Jung Csilla: Az öngyilkosság és az abban való közrem űködés a természetes erkölcsi törvény és természetjogi gondolkodás szempontjából ....................................... 7 Hamza Gábor: A magánjog fejl ődése és kodifikációja Mexikóban .................................................. 34 Lázár Nóra Kata: Egy európai kormányzás lehet ősége a nukleáris kérdések területén ..................... 44 Németh Zoltán György: Az orvos szakért ői bizonyítékok jellemz ői a büntet őeljárásban ................ 55 Nótári, Tamás: Legal and historical remarks on Carmina Salisburgensia ......................................... 63 Pokol Béla: Értelmi konkretizálás: Az Alaptörvény alkotmánybírósági értelmezésének vitái ......... 71 Szabó Judit: Az angolszász büntet őeljárás ideológiai alapjai és jellemz ői a kontradiktórius modell tükrében ............................................................................................................................................ 112 Vértesy László: Bankok vs. Alaptörvény ........................................................................................ 123 Vörös Imre: Az állami támogatások uniós jogi megítélésnek hatása a bels ő jogra ......................... 131 Recenziók Nótári, Tamás: Quintus Tullius Cicero kampánystratégiai kézikönyve angolul ............................. 163 Interjú
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae January 2019
    Curriculum Vitae January 2019 Jane E. Buikstra Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change Rm 233, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402 Phone: 480-965-6931 • Fax: 480-965-7671 • [email protected] EDUCATION DePauw University, B.A. (Anthropology) 1967 University of Chicago, M.A. (Anthropology) 1969 University of Chicago, Ph.D. (Anthropology) 1972 HONORS AND AWARDS: McMahan Scholar, Alpha Lambda Delta, 1963-1967 DePauw University Phi Beta Kappa, DePauw University 1967 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship 1967-1970 Student Advisory Board, Teaching Award, 1981 Northwestern University National Academy of Sciences, elected 1987 Gerrit Heinrich Kroon Memorial Lecture, University of Amsterdam 1988 Harold H. Swift, Distinguished Service Professor 1989-1995 University of Chicago National Association of Student Anthropologists, AAA, 1991 Service Award Sherwood Washburn Memorial Lecture, University of 1993 California, Berkeley, Department of Anthropology Distinguished Professor of Anthropology 1995-2000 University of New Mexico (UNM) Loren Eiseley Society Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania 1997, 2018 Museum of Anthropology Leslie Spier Distinguished Professor of Anthropology 2001-2005 University of New Mexico UNM General Library Award for Research Achievement 2002 George E. Burch Fellow in Theoretic Medicine and 2003-2007 Affiliated Sciences at the Smithsonian Institution Annual Research Lecturer, University of New Mexico 2003 Pomerance Award for Scientific Contributions to Archaeology, Archaeological Institute of America 2005
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    NOTES AND REFERENCES PREFACE 1 In the period of history covered by the present work, the words most commonly used to describe the type of society studied by anthropologists were "primitive" and "savage". Since however, neither of these words can be used without strongly pejorative overtones, I have done my best to avoid them, substituting instead more emotionally neutral words like "aboriginal", "indigenous" and "preliterate". None of these words is perfectly suited to the job at hand and the result may sometimes come out sounding rather oddly. Nonetheless, I would rather be guilty of minor offences of usage than of encouraging Eurocentric prejudice. 2 Peter Lawrence, "The Ethnographic Revolution", Oceanill45, 253-271 (1975). 3 A recent work which makes a start in this direction is Perspectives on the Emergence of Scientific Disciplines, Gerard Lemaine, Roy MacLeod, Michael Mulkay and Peter Weingart (eds.), (The Hague and Chicago, 1977). From our point of view the most inter­ esting contribution is Michael Worboy's study of British tropical medicine, a discipline which, largely because of its relationship to British imperialism, exhibited a maturation process which bore many similarities to that of British Social Anthropology. 4 Jairus Banaji, ''The Crisis of British Social Anthropology", New Left Review 64, 75 (Nov.-Dec. 1970). 5 E. E. Evans-Pritchard's famous 1940 ethnography on The Nuer, for example, often regarded as the ultimate achievement of British Social Anthropology, presents the Nuer as a self-contained, static and harmoniously-operating group. However, it is evident from a number of things which Evans-Pritchard mentions in passing that, in fact, the Nuer interact so substantially with the neighbouring Dinka people that, instead of reifying "the Nuer" as a self-contained social entity, it may well have been more sensible to write a book about the Nuer-Dinka complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73-20,631
    THE EFFORT TO ESCAPE FROM TEMPORAL CONSCIOUSNESS AS EXPRESSED IN THE THOUGHT AND WORK OF HERMAN HESSE, HANNAH ARENDT, AND KARL LOEWITH Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Olsen, Gary Raymond, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 18:13:22 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288040 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Paga(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame.
    [Show full text]
  • Max Weber Programme Annual Report on 201/17
    ANNUAL REPORT ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 The Max Weber Programme for Postdoctoral Studies ANNUAL REPORT ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/17 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME FOR POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES European University Institute Badia Fiesolana Via dei Roccettini, 9 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) – Italy Email: [email protected] www.eui.eu/MaxWeberProgramme PUBLISHED IN ITALY IN NOVEMBER 2017 BY THE EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE © EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, 2017 The European Commission supports the EUI through the European Union budget. This publication reflects the views only of the author(s), and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Contents FOREWORD BY RICHARD BELLAMY, DIRECTOR OF THE MAX WEBER PROGRAMME 5 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME IN 2016-2017 STATISTICS 7 1. APPLICATIONS FOR THE 2016-2017 MAX WEBER FELLOWSHIPS 7 2. MAX WEBER FELLOWS: THE 2016-2017 COHORT 9 3. MAX WEBER FELLOWS AND THE JOB MARKET 13 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES 14 1. ACADEMIC PRACTICE 14 2. MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 19 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES FEEDBACK 36 1. EVALUATION SURVEY 36 2. ACADEMIC PRACTICE GROUP REPORTS 40 3. THEMATIC GROUP REPORTS 43 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME ACADEMIC CAREERS OBSERVATORY (ACO) 47 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME STEERING COMMITTEE 48 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME TEAM 48 MAX WEBER FELLOWS 49 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME FOR POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES Foreword his report covers the first year of the Max Weber Programme Tsince moving to its new home in Villa Paola. As the report shows, it also coincided with yet another high number of applications to the Programme, and the largest intake of new Fellows so far.
    [Show full text]
  • Paradigm for the Sociology of Knowledge 1945
    1 Paradigm for the Sociology of Knowledge 1945 The last generation has witnessed the emergence of a special field of sociological inquiry: the sociology of knowledge (Wissenssoziologie). The term “knowledge” must be interpreted very broadly indeed, since studies in this area have dealt with virtually the entire gamut of cultural products (ideas, ideologies, juristic and ethical beliefs, philosophy, science, tech­ nology). But whatever the conception of knowledge, the orientation of this discipline remains largely the same: it is primarily concerned with the relations between knowledge and other existential factors in the society or culture. General and even vague as this formulation of the central purpose may be, a more specific statement will not serve to include the diverse approaches which have been developed. Manifestly, then, the sociology of knowledge is concerned with problems that have had a long history. So much is this the case, that the discipline has found its first historian, Ernst Gruenwald.1 But our primary concern is not with the many antecedents of current theories. There are indeed few present-day observations which have not found previous expression in suggestive aperçus. King Henry IV was being reminded that “Thy wish was father, Harry, to that thought” only a few years before Bacon was writing that “The human understanding is no dry light but receives an Originally published as “Sociology of Knowledge,” in Georges Gurvitch and Wil­ bert E. Moore, eds., Twentieth-Century Sociology (New York: Philosophical Li­ brary, 1945), pp. 366-405. Reprinted with permission. 1. Nothing will be said of this history in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Organization III
    08Ch08_Miller.QXD 12/15/08 9:34 PM Page 198 PART Social Organization III 8 Kinship and Domestic Life Social Groups and Social 9 Stratification 10 Politics, Conflict, and Social Order 08Ch08_Miller.QXD 12/15/08 9:34 PM Page 199 FREDY PECCERELLI, A FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGIST, risks his personal security working for victims of political violence in his homeland. Peccerelli is founder and executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Founda- tion (Fundación de Antropología Forense de Guatemala or FAFG), a group that focuses on the recovery and identifica- tion of some of the 200 000 people, mostly indigenous Maya of the mountainous regions, that Guatemalan military forces killed or “disappeared” during the brutal civil war that occurred between the mid-1960s and the mid-1990s. Peccerelli was born in Guatemala. His family immigrated to the United States when his father, a lawyer, was threatened by death squads. He grew up in New York and attended Brooklyn College in the 1990s. But he felt a need to reconnect with his heritage and began to study anthropology as a vehicle that would allow him to serve his country. The FAFG scientists excavate clandestine mass graves, exhume the bodies, and identify them through several means, such as matching dental and/or medical records. Anthropologists In studying skeletons, they try to determine the person’s age, gender, stature, ancestry, and lifestyle. DNA studies at are few because of the expense. The scientists also collect Work information from relatives of the victims and from eye- witnesses of the massacres. Since 1992, the FAFG team has discovered and exhumed approximately 200 mass grave sites in villages, fields, and churches.
    [Show full text]
  • An Interview with Sherwood Washburn
    UC Berkeley Anthropology Faculty Publications Title An Interview with Sherwood Washburn Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xp1w64r Journal Current Anthropology, 33(4) Authors Washburn, Sherwood L. Devore, Irven Publication Date 1992 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Reports An Interview with much more fun. In retrospect, I think that my family was amazingly generous in what they allowed me to do. Sherwood Washburn' The first skeleton I had anything to do with was a porcupine skeleton which my brother and I found in the Catskill Mountains. It had dried out and become just IRVEN DEVORE bones and a few quills. We gave it to the Harvard Mu­ Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. t5 II 86 seum of Comparative Zoology. Dr. Henshaw was the director at the time. In retrospect, I believe my father 10: We thought we might start with your precollege must have called him before we arrived, because when years, and I urge you to go back to as early a period as we came in with this absolutely wretched bunch of bro­ you want to. ken porcupine bones, he welcomed us as if we were giv­ ing Harvard a great, valuable specimen. He treated us SW: Of course/ I was always interested in zoology­ like adults even though my brother and I were respec­ mammal skeletOns, birds, and behavior. I kept a great tively about eight and six at the time. This experience horned owl for some years when I was young, as well as of respect from an admired adult was very important crows and hawks.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Place: Rereading 'Nation' in the Quoting Age, 1776-1860 Anitta
    Common Place: Rereading ‘Nation’ in the Quoting Age, 1776-1860 Anitta C. Santiago Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Anitta C. Santiago All rights reserved ABSTRACT Common Place: Rereading ‘Nation’ in the Quoting Age, 1776-1860 Anitta C. Santiago This dissertation examines quotation specifically, and intertextuality more generally, in the development of American/literary culture from the birth of the republic through the Civil War. This period, already known for its preoccupation with national unification and the development of a self-reliant national literature, was also a period of quotation, reprinting and copying. Within the analogy of literature and nation characterizing the rhetoric of the period, I translate the transtextual figure of quotation as a protean form that sheds a critical light on the nationalist project. This project follows both how texts move (transnational migration) and how they settle into place (national naturalization). Combining a theoretical mapping of how texts move and transform intertextually and a book historical mapping of how texts move and transform materially, I trace nineteenth century examples of the culture of quotation and how its literary mutability both disrupts and participates in the period’s national and literary movements. In the first chapter, I engage scholarship on republican print culture and on republican emulation to interrogate the literary roots of American nationalism in its transatlantic context. Looking at commonplace books, autobiographies, morality tales, and histories, I examine how quotation as a practice of memory impression functions in national re-membering.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropology: the Basics Explains and Explores Anthropo- Logical Concepts and Themes
    ANTHROPOLOGY THE BASICS The ultimate guide for the student encountering anthropology for the first time, Anthropology: The Basics explains and explores anthropo- logical concepts and themes. In this immensely readable book, Peter Metcalf makes large and complex topics both accessible and enjoyable, arguing that the issues anthropology deals with are all around us, in magazines and newspa- pers and on television. He tackles questions such as: • What is anthropology? • How can we distinguish cultural differences from physical ones? • What is culture, anyway? • How do anthropologists study culture? • What are the key theories and approaches used today? • How has the discipline changed over time? This volume provides students with an overview of the fundamental principles of anthropology, and an accessible guide for anyone just wanting to learn more about a fascinating subject. Peter Metcalf is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Virginia. His most recent publications include They Lie, We Lie: Getting On With Anthropology (2002) and Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual with Richard Huntington (1991). YOU MAY ALSO BE INTERESTED IN THE FOLLOWING ROUTLEDGE STUDENT REFERENCE TITLES: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY The Key Concepts NIGEL RAPPORT AND JOANNA OVERING ARCHAEOLOGY The Key Concepts EDITED BY COLIN RENFEW AND PAUL BAHN ARCHAEOLOGY The Basics CLIVE GAMBLE ANTHROPOLOGY THE BASICS Peter Metcalf First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 2005 Peter Metcalf This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • The Matrilineal Royal Succession in the Empire of Kush: a New Proposal Identifying the Kinship Terminology in the 25Th and Napatan Dynasties As That of Iroquois/Crow
    2015 Varia Kumiko Saito The matrilineal royal Succession in the Empire of Kush: A new proposal Identifying the Kinship Terminology in the 25th and napatan Dynasties as that of Iroquois/Crow Introduction1 Various theories about the patterns of royal succes- sion in the 25th and Napatan Dynasties have been proposed. Macadam proposed a fratrilineal successi- on in which kingship passed from brother to brother and then to the children of the eldest brother.2 Török integrated the patrilineal, matrilineal, and fratrilineal succession systems.3 Kahn and Gozzoli4 take the position that the succession pattern in the 25th and in which some royal women held both the titles of Napatan Dynasties was basically patrilineal. It is snt nswt “king’s sister” and sAt nswt “king’s daughter”, noteworthy that, in Macadam’s and Török’s theories and this ground is regarded as decisive. However, this as well as the patrilineal succession, it is supposed that ignores the fact that it has been suggested that sn(t) all kings were sons of kings. I doubted this father- in its extended meaning may mean “cousin,” “aunt,” son relationship when I started inquiring into the “uncle,” “nephew,” or “niece.”5 If so, a daughter of matrilineal tradition in Kush. the previous king who had the title snt nswt could One of the textual grounds for accepting the be a cousin of the reigning king. It is also possible father-son relationship of the kings is the indirect one that the Kushite kingdom was a matrilineal society using a kinship terminology that was different from 1 This article is a revised version of my paper originally that of Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Unfamiliar Sounds in Familiar Settings Hartley V1.0
    © 2017 Paul Hartley UNFAMILIAR SOUNDS IN FAMILIAR SETTINGS: ON THE COSMOPOLITAN LABOUR OF FILM COMPOSERS IN ISTANBUL BY PAUL DERRICK GEORGE HARTLEY DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Musicology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Donna A. Buchanan, Chair Professor Emeritus Bruno Nettl Assistant Professor Michael Silvers Assistant Professor John P. Meyers Dr. Ulrike Präger ABSTRACT Filmmaking in Turkey has long, convoluted history. The Turkish film industry developed, flowered, and declined before being nearly obliterated altogether by a military coup in 1980. Following the nearly total disappearance of a coherent studio system, a new approach to filmmaking, the New Turkish Cinema, developed during a time of economic and cultural resurgence. Now in a mature phase, Turkish films and television programs are rapidly becoming a focus of local and global interest, as Turkey grows as a consumer marketplace and as a player in global affairs. Films and television programs have become key players in Turkey’s economic, cultural, and diplomatic resurgence. Despite film’s reemergence, film music has not been a focus of scholarly inquiry until recently because critics and scholars have not seen it as a contributing factor to the development of the new Turkish cinema. This dissertation examines the creative labor of film composers working in the Turkish film industry from 2010-2016. It focuses on the socio-cultural contexts that facilitate the work of filmmakers as they create films suitable for the Turkish market while working from within a much more globalized, cosmopolitan framework.
    [Show full text]