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Home , Acourtia, Acourtia thurberi, Anemia (plant), Bursera fagaroides, Condalia globosa, Esenbeckia (plant)

A Preliminary Floristic Inventory in the Sierra de Mazatán, Municipios of Ures and Mazatán, , México

José Jesús Sánchez-Escalante, Manuel Espericueta-Betancourt, and Reyna Amanda Castillo-Gámez Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, , Sonora, México

Abstract—Presently, the flora of the Sierra de Mazatán contains 357 species of vascular distributed in 248 genera and 80 families. The families with the most species are (48), (45), Poaceae (28), (18), and Acanthaceae, Cactaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and (11 each). The results show that the flora of the Sierra de Mazatán is diverse. However, with additional collections, the number of species could double. For the future, it would be necessary to collect sites that were not sampled; in different , especially on the north side, and in Cerro Prieto, on the extreme southwest part of the Sierra.

near the base of the Sierra, we recognize only three main veg- Introduction etation types in the Sierra de Mazatán: foothills thornscrub, The Sierra de Mazatán is, according to the Commission tropical deciduous forest, and woodland. for the Use and Understanding of Biodiversity (CONABIO, Foothills thornscrub (Búrquez 1999) is found from the lower Comisión para el Uso y Conocimiento de la Biodiversidad), plains well up the slopes of the Sierra, on the west side in the an “island” of temperate biodiversity surrounded by the arid Rancho Viejo area and between 600 and 1,100 m elevation. The landscape of the (Arriaga 2000). The Sierra vegetation is dominated by and species like Acacia de Mazatán is located 70 km east of Hermosillo, Sonora, cochliacantha, Acacia russelliana, Agave angustifolia, along the highway to (figure 1), reaching 1,545 m fagaroides var. elongata, Bursera lancifolia, Bursera laxiflora, elevation, in the municipios of Mazatán and Ures, between Coursetia glandulosa, Croton alamosanus, Diphysa suberosa, the coordinates 29°02’35” and 29°10’30” N, and 110°08’17” orthocarpa, Fouquieria macdougalli Guajacum and 110°16’30” W. coulteri, Havardia mexicana, arborescens, Jatropha Presently, it does not belong to the “sky islands” of cordata, Lantana hispida, Lysiloma divaricatum, Opuntia gos- Northwestern and Southwestern ; how- seliniana, Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum, Randia obcordata, ever, it is found only 80 Km to the south of Sierra de , Randia sonorensis, Sebastiania bilocularis, Senna pallida, and the southernmost element of the Madrean Archipelago. The Stenocereus thurberi. Between 1,100 and 1,200 meters, the Sierra Mazatán belongs to the Northwestern Coastal Plain transition zone to oak woodland begins, with a combination physiographic region, and the sub- of low and like Acacia angustissima, Lysiloma province (Rzedowski 1981). watsonii, Quercus chihuahuensis, and Tecoma stans. The Sierra de Mazatán is a granitic range that originated The tropical deciduous forest is restricted to deep shady from the Tertiary period (Navarro 1985). The rock composi- ravines that descend from the Sierra; this type of vegetation tion includes mainly metamorphic rocks, although Cerro reaches to 1,300 meters on the south side of the Sierra. At Cañada Prieto, located on the southwest rim of the Sierra, is made up Agua de Don Luis, the elements form tropical deciduous forest of limestone. with foothills thornscrub such as Acacia cochliacantha, Bursera Climate is hot toward the southeastern portion, with an fagaroides var. elongata, Bursera laxiflora, Ceiba acuminata, annual median temperature of 23.8 °C; while on the high Croton flavescens, Erythrina flabelliformis, petiolaris, portion of the Sierra, the climate is milder with cool winters Ficus pertusa, , Jacquinia macrocarpa with the lowest temperature under 18 °C (Morales-Abril and subsp. pungens, Jatropha cordata, Lysiloma divaricatum, Parra-Salazar 1994). The Sierra de Mazatán functions as a Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum, Plumeria rubra, Senna biological corridor, since it allows the interactions between atomaria, Stenocereus thurberi, and Vitex mollis. At Cañada El the biota of the Sonoran Desert with that of the Sierra Madre Carrizo, Ayenia jaliscana, Esenbeckia hartmannii, Euphorbia Occidental (Arriaga 2000). colletioides, Ficus petiolaris, Ficus pertusa, Guazuma ulmi- folia, Hintonia latiflora, , Iresine calea, Justicia californica, Justicia candicans, Pisonia capitata, Vegetation Types Sebastiania pavoniana, Senna atomaria, and Vitex mollis are Although there are small grass-dominated areas in clearings present. In the ravines, in the transition zone to oak woodland, in the oak woodland, as well as local areas of mesquite bosque about 1,300 meters, there are populations of sonorae

118 USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005.

Figure 1—Location map of the Sierra de Mazatán, Sonora, Mexico.

associated with Ceiba acuminata, Dasylirion wheeleri, Quercus tuberculata, and Tecoma stans var. angustata. The flora on the Flora north side of the Sierra is still relatively unknown although we The first study on the flora and vegetation of the Sierra found Diphysa suberosa, Ceiba acuminata, Sideroxylon oc- Mazatán was about 1984, and recorded 137 plants (Navarro cidentale, and Zanthoxylum fagara between the base and 850 1985); however, the herbarium specimens for this study were meters elevation. not found. On the west side, oak woodland starts with Quercus chihua- In this work, the collections were made during a seven huensis at 1,200 meters, and Quercus oblongifolia and Quercus month period, between the summer of 2003 and the spring of viminea join Quercus chihuahuensis at 1,300 meters. On the 2004. The sampling area was within13 km radius centered at eastern rim, we found a young tree determined as Quercus ranch El Bachán. The sampled sites were located mostly on perpallida (R. Spellenberg, personal communication, 2004) the high part of the sierra, and along the south and west slopes, that needs acorns to be securely identified. concentrating at sites like the ranches El Bachán, Palo Bonito,

USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005. 119 La Tinaja, El Carrizo, La Flauta, and El Repecho; also along melanocarpus, Muhlenbergia arizonica, Muhlenbergia rigens, ravines like El Yugo, La Loba, La Tigra, and Los Mimbres; Panicum bulbosum, and Setaria pumila. as well as several localities along roads on the east and west In the foothills thornscrub, other grasses were collected slopes. This flora is almost totally based on our collections including Aristida adscensionis, Bouteloua aristidoides, (40 records are from the collections of Thomas Van Devender Bouteloua barbata var. barbata, Cathestecum brevifolium, and Ana Lilia Reina- from 2004), with a total of 562 and Leptochloa panicea subsp. Brachiata. Aristida ternipes samples, 507 of which were classified at least to the level of var. ternipes, Lasiacis ruscifolia, and Setaria liebmannii were species. It is estimated that the flora of the Sierra can reach found in the tropical deciduous forest ravines. near 700 species. The samples collected were deposited at We recorded 16 non-native species (table 1), which repre- the University of Sonora Herbarium (USON) in Hermosillo, sent only 4.5% of the flora. Of these exotic species, Pennisetum Sonora. A set of duplicates were deposited at the University ciliare, Melinis repens, and glauca, are among the of Herbarium (ARIZ) in Tucson, Arizona. A third set most important in terms of invasiveness. of duplicates was used to establish a regional mini-herbarium The results we obtained during seven months of collec- at the CBTA 53 high school in Mazatán, Sonora. tion show that the flora of the Sierra de Mazatán is diverse. Presently, the flora contains 357 species of vascular plants However, with additional collections, the number of species distributed in 248 genera and 80 families (appendix 1). The could double. For the future, it would be necessary to collect families with the most species are Asteraceae (48 species), sites in different habitats, that were not sampled especially on Fabaceae (45 species), Poaceae (28 species), Euphorbiaceae the north side, and in Cerro Prieto, on the extreme southwest (18 species), and Acanthaceae, Cactaceae, Scrophulariaceae, part of the Sierra. and Solanaceae (11 each). Outstanding among the important Sierra de Mazatán collec- tions are four species of oak: Quercus chihuahuensis, Quercus Human Activities oblongifolia, Quercus viminea, and Quercus tuberculata. Cattle raising is the traditional and predominant productive Dioon sonorae, named locally as “peine,” is the northernmost activity in the Sierra de Mazatán area. Cheese production, population of a cycad, which the Mexican government has which occurs on on a small scale, is a very important supple- classified as endangered. Other plants of conservation concern mentary economic activity for ranches. Sheep raising on rancho are cabeza de viejo (Coryphanta recurvata), ironwood (Olneya Palo Bonito on top of the sierra is a recent activity according tesota), guayacán (Guajacum coulteri), and saya (Amoreuxia to local ranchers. It is important to monitor this activity in palmatifida). the future, given the great capacity that sheep have to disturb Some plants are of economic importance for the local peo- natural habitats. In the past, mining on a small scale was ple, for example, chiltepín or bird pepper (Capsicum annuum another economic activity in the Sierra. Now all these mines var. aviculare) is used as a spicy seasoning in Sonoran cuisine are abandoned and there are no plans to reopen them in the and has a very high market price. Agave (Agave angustifolia) short term.Tourism is an occasional activity, especially dur- is used to make “,” a very popular Sonoran mescal ing vacations when the area attracts some visitors to the oak (alcoholic drink). Guayabilla (Acacia russelliana) is a tropical woodland on top of the Sierra. Lastly, there is an annual event tree that is rarely found in the area today because it has been in the Sierra de Mazatán, where many bikers cross the sierra used as fence poles and house beams in ranches. from west to east with little effect on the flora. Some of the Sierra de Mazatán collections were impor- tant north or south extensions. Previously the northernmost record of jumping beans (Sebastiania pavoniana) was in the Conservation and Sierra San Javier and Tepoca (Felger 2001). Another species, Ipomopsis thurberi, extends its southern distribution limit to Management the Sierra de Mazatán. The Sierra de Mazatán belongs to the System of Natural Some uncommon species in the sierra are restricted to the Protected Areas of the State of Sonora (SANPES). It was pro- slopes and bottom of ravines including Ficus pertusa, Celtis posed as a Zone Subject to Ecological Conservation Sierra de reticulata, Euphorbia colletioides, Sebastiania pavoniana, Mazatán (ZSCESM) (Morales-Abril y Parra-Salazar 1994) but and Dioon sonorae. Other species are restricted to the riparian was never officially decreed as a reserve by the State govern- areas in the oak woodland at the higher locations including ment. Nonetheless, the Natural Resources Department of the Salix exilifolia, Prunus serotina, and Lotus alamosanus. Plants State of Sonora, Instituto del Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo only found in the oak woodland include Senecio carlomasonii, Sustentable del Estado de Sonora (IMADES), is planning Tephrosia thurberi, Dalea exserta, Stevia sp., and Ipomoea to reactivate the SANPES program (Víctor Suárez, personal longifolia. communication, 2004). At the present, and as a result of this Although 28 species of grasses were recorded, many more work, there exists a great interest to establish an ecological are expected. In clearings of the oak woodland at rancho El reserve, and the formation of the Committee for Conservation Bachán, several grasses were collected: Bothriochloa bar- of the Sierra de Mazatán has been proposed, integrated by local binodis, Bouteloua hirsuta, Chloris virgata, Echinochloa people and school teachers from the area, as well as scientists colona, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eragrostis mexicana var. and conservationists (Sánchez-Escalante 2004, information mexicana, Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea, Heteropogon unpublished). Through CONABIO, the Mexican government

120 USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005. Table 1—Non-native species in México (a) recorded in Sierra de is the dominant species, some disturbance of the riparian and Mazatán, Sonora, México. desert vegetation was observed, especially near arroyo El Bamuco. Clearing of vegetation is not a common practice in Brassica campestris L. this region and was only observed on rancho La Tinaja, 7 km Sisymbrium irio L. west of Mazatán, and in a few areas in oak woodland in the Ricinus communis L. Sierra. Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Fire is a potential threat that fortunately has not been Malva parviflora L. frequent in the Sierra de Mazatán. The last event recorded Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link occurred during the mid 1960s, and it was observed on the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. eastern slopes of the Sierra at about 1,300 meters elevation Chloris virgata Swartz (Navarro 1985). No evidence of recent fires was noted during Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richt. this work; however, due to the prolonged drought of the last Echinochloa colonum L. years, the fire risk is very high for the region. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka Acknowledgments Phalaris minor Retz. Polygonum aviculare L. We would like to express our thanks and acknowledg- Nicotiana glauca Gram. ments to the Comisión Nacional Forestal (CONAFOR) for the financial support to carry on this task. Also, we would like a Villaseñor and Espinosa-García, 2004. to thank all the people that collaborated in the completion of this project. To our friends, Thomas Van Devender, Ana Lilia Reina-Guerrero, Richard Felger, and Philip Jenkins, for their also has classified the Sierra de Mazatán as a Priority Terrestrial help in the identifications at the Herbarium ARIZ. To Charlotte Region for conservation (Arriaga 2000). and John Reeder, our appreciation and gratitude for the iden- A decade ago, the threats to the area included cattle raising, tification of grasses. Also, our gratitude to all the specialists poaching, and fires (Morales-Abril y Parra-Salazar 1994). The that supported the identifications in other taxonomic groups: situation with respect to cattle has not changed significantly. Billie L. Turner (Asteraceae); George Yatskievych (); During the field work, evidence of disturbance by cattle could Richard Spellenberg ( and Nyctaginaceae); Thomas F. be observed in only a few areas. Besides cattle raising, other Daniel (Acanthaceae); Daniel Austin (); Daniel threats have been identified but at low levels of magnitude. Wilken (Polemoniaceae); and Mark Fishbein (Asclepiadaceae). First, two important exotic were found: buffel- Finally, thank to Thomas Van Devender and Richard Felger grass (Pennisetum ciliare) and natal grass (Melinis repens). for their revision and valuable comments that improved this Two decades ago presence of the buffelgrass was not reported paper. for the Sierra de Mazatán (Navarro 1985). The possibility that buffelgrass could present problems by destruction was mentioned 10 years ago (Morales-Abril y Parra-Salazar References 1994). Today, a clear, although moderate, trend in expansion Arriaga, L.; J. M. Espinoza; C. Aguilar; E. Martínez; L. Gómez of buffelgrass from lower elevations toward the higher parts y E. Loa, coords. 2000. Regiones terrestres prioritarias de of the Sierra has been observed. Buffelgrass was noted at the México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la unusually high elevation of 1,420 meters. With respect to natal Biodiversidad, México. grass, in 1985 a small amount of this grass was reported on the Búrquez A.; A. Martínez-Yrízar; R. S. Felger; D. Yetman. 1999. Vegetation and habitat diversity at the southern edge of the east side of the Sierra, at about 1,050 meter elevation (Navarro Sonoran Desert. In: R. H. Robichaux, ed. Ecology of Sonoran 1985). Although this grass has increased, this aggressive Desert plants and plant communities. Tucson: The University of does not yet represent a threat, but should be watched. Arizona Press: 36-67. Like in other rural areas of Sonora, the lack of adequate Felger, R. S.; M. B. Johnson; M. F. Wilson. 2001. The trees of Sonora, garbage disposal is a problem that appears frequently. In places Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press. Morales-Abril, G.; I. Parra-Salazar. 1994. Zona sujeta a Conservación near human settlements or ranches in the Sierra, clandestine Ecológica Sierra de Mazatán, Municipios de Mazatán y Ures, domestic waste disposal sites have affected small areas of the Sonora, México: Plan de Manejo. Centro Ecológico de Sonora, natural surroundings. Gobierno del Estado de Sonora. Another activity that has caused disturbance in the oak Navarro-Córdova, A. 1985. Flora y vegetación de la Sierra de woodland is the installation of infrastructure for communica- Mazatán. Tesis de Licenciatura. Universidad de Sonora, Escuela de Agricultura y Ganadería. Hermosillo, Sonora México. tions on top of the Sierra including numerous radio and cellular Rzedowski, J. 1981. Vegetación de México. Editorial Limusa. phone antennae. 432 p. One of the activities that affects the natural habitat, although Sánchez-Escalante, José Jesús. 2004. Memoria del Taller sobre los in a lesser degree in this region, is cutting of trees. Evidences recursos forestales de la Sierra de Mazatán, Municipio de Mazatán, Sonora. Reporte. 28 de abril de 2004. DICTUS, Universidad de of this practice can be observed at the summit of the Sierra Sonora. Hermosillo, Sonora, México [unpublished]. where, apparently, the domestic use of oak wood has impacted Villaseñor, J. L. F. J. Espinosa-García. 2004. The alien flowering the woodland. At the north base of the Sierra, where mesquite plants of Mexico. Diversity and Distributions 10, 113-123.

USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005. 121 Appendix 1—Checklist of the flora of the Sierra de Mazatán, Sonora, México. This list is based primarily on specimens collected by the authors between 2003 and 2004. Non-native species are indicated by an asterisk (*).

ACANTHACEAE Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Mart. Anisacanthus andersonii T.F. Daniel Erigeron arisolius Nesom Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray Eupatorium collinum DC. C. pectinata Brandegee Galinsoga parviflora Cav. var. parviflora Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl) Juss. G. parviflora Cav. var. semicalva A. Gray Dyschoriste decumbens (A. Gray) Kuntze Gamochaeyta sphacilata (Kunth) Cabrera Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers. Guardiola platyphylla A. Gray Henrya insularis Nees Laennecia sophiifolia (Kunth) G.L. Nesom Justicia californica (Benth.) D. Gibson decipiens Hemsl. J. candicans (Nees) L. Benson Lasianthaea fruticosa (L.) K.M. Becker var. occidentalis Tetramerium abditum (Brandegee) T.F. Daniel Machaeranthera tagetina Greene T. nervosum Nees Malacothrix sonorae W.S. Davis & P.H. Raven Melampodium longicorne A. Gray AGAVACEAE Milleria quinqueflora L. Agave shrevei Gentry ssp. matapensis Gentry Parthenium tomentosum DC. var. stramonium (Greene) Rollins AIZOACEAE Pectis filipes var. filipes [Harv.& Gray] Mollugo verticillata L. Perityle californica Benth. P. leptoglossa Harv. & A. Gray AMARANTHACEAE P. microglossa var. microglossa Benth. Alternanthera stellata (S. Watson) Uline & Bray Porophyllum macrocephalum DC. Amaranthus albus L. Pseudognaphalium canescens (DC.) W.A. Weber A. graecizans L. Senecio carlomasonii B. L. Turner & T. M. Barkley Gomphrena nitida Rothr. Stevia serrata Cav. G. sonorae Torr. Tagetes micrantha Cav. Iresine calea (Ibáñez) Standl. T. palmeri A. Gray T. subulata Cerv. APIACEAE T. triradiata Greenm. Daucus pusillus Michx. Thymophylla anomala (Canby & Rose) Strother T. concinna (A. Gray) Strother ARALIACEAE californica Kellogg var. californica Kellogg Aralia humilis Cav. Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Spreng. V. longifolia (B.L. Rob. & Greenm.) S.F. Blake Wedelia greenmanii B.L. Turner ASCLEPIADACEAE Xanthium strumarium L. Asclepias angustifolia Schweig. Zinnia zinnioides (H.B.K.) Olorode & Torres A. elata Benth. Cynanchum ligulatum (Benth.) Woodson Marsdenia edulis S. Watson BIGNONIACEAE Matelea tristiflora (Standl.) Woodson Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth var. angustatum Rehder

ASTERACEAE BOMBACACEAE thurberi (A. Gray) Reveal & King Ceiba acuminata (S. Watson) Rose Ageratum corymbosum Zucc. Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) W.W. Payne BORAGINACEAE A. confertiflora DC. Cordia sonorae Rose A. cordifolia (A. Gray) W.W. Payne Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Heliotropium wigginsii I.M. Johnst. Baccharis thesioides H.B.K. Plagiobothrys jonesii A. Gray Bidens bigelovii A. Gray var. angustiloba B. odorata Cav. BRASSICACEAE Brickellia betonicifolia A. Gray * Brassica campestris L. B. coulteri A. Gray Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray B. eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. chlorolepis * Sisymbrium irio L. Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq) Kunth

122 USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005. BROMELIACEAE CHENOPODIACEAE Tillandsia recurvata L. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. C. watsonii A. Nelson BUDDLEJACEAE Buddleja parviflora H.B.K. DRYOPTERIDACEAE B. sessiliflora Kunth Dryopteris cinnamomea (Cav.) C. Chr.

BURSERACEAE EUPHORBIACEAE Bursera fagaroides (H.B.K.) Engl. var. elongata McVaugh Acalypha aliena Brandegee & Rzed. A. californica Benth. B. lancifolia (Schlecht.) Engl. A. neomexicana Muell. Arg. B. laxiflora S. Watson Cnidosculus angustidens Torr. Croton alamosanus Rose CACTACEAE C. ciliatoglandulifer Ortega Coryphantha recurvata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose C. flavescens Greenman var. brandegeanus Croizat Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) Hort. F.A. Haage C. sonorae Torr. Mammillaria macdougalii Rose Dalechampia scandens L. M. standleyi (Britton & Rose) Orcutt neomexicana (Muell. Arg) Heller Opuntia gosseliniana F.A.C. Weber Euphorbia colletioides Benth. Opuntia sp. E. heterophylla L. O. thurberi Engelm. E. hirta L. O. wilcoxii Britton & Rose E. indivisa (Engelm.) Tidestrom Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Jatropha cordata (C.G. Ortega) Muell. Arg. Stenocereus alamosensis (J.M. Coult.) A.C. Gibson & * Ricinus communis L. K.E. Horak Sebastiania bilocularis S. Watson S. thurberi (Engelm.) F. Buxbaum S. pavoniana Muell. Arg.

CAMPANULACEAE FABACEAE Lobelia endlichii (F. Wimmer) Ayers Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze A. cochliacantha Humb. & Bonpl. CLUSIACEAE A. farnesiana (L.) Willd. Hypericum moranense Kunth A. occidentalis Rose Acacia pennatula (Cham. & Schlecht.) Benth. COCHLOSPERMACEAE A. russelliana (Britton & Rose) Lundell Amoreuxia palmatifida Sesse & Moç. ex DC. Aeschynomene fascicularis Schltdl. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) DC. COMMELINACEAE Calliandra eriophylla Benth. Commelina dianthifolia Delile Coursetia glandulosa A. Gray C. erecta L. Crotalaria pumila Ort. Tradescantia sp. nov. Chamaecrista absus (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby C. nictitans (L.) Moench var. pilosa (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & CONVOLVULACEAE Barneby Dalea albiflora Evolvulus alsinoides L. A. Gray D. exserta E. arizonicus A. Gray (Rydb.) Gentry D. mollis Ipomoea arborescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) G. Don Benth. Desmodium retinens I. bracteata Cav. Schltdl. D. scopulorum I. cristulata Hallier f. S. Watson Diphysa suberosa I. longifolia Benth. S. Watson Erythrina flabelliformis I. purpurea (L.) Lam. Kearney Eysenhardtia orthocarpa Jacquemontia agrestis (Choisy) Meisner (A. Gray) S. Watson Havardia mexicana Operculina pteripes (G. Don.) O’Donnell (Rose) Britt. & Rose H. sonorae (S. Watson) Britton & Rose Indigofera jamaicensis Spreng. CUCURBITACEAE Lotus alamosanus (Rose) Gentry Sicyosperma gracile A. Gray Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq.) Macbr. L. watsonii Rose CYCADACEAE Macroptilium atropurpureum Urban Dioon sonorae (De Luca, Sabato & Vázq. Torres) M. gibbosifolium (Ortega) A.Delgado Chemnick, T.J. Greg. & Sales-Mor. * Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Mimosa dysocarpa Benth. CYPERACEAE Nissolia schottii (Torr.) A. Gray Cyperus squarrosus L. Parkinsonia aculeata L. P. microphylla Torr.

USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005. 123 P. praecox (Ruiz & Pav.) J. Hawkins MALPIGHIACEAE Phaseolus filiformis Benth. Callaeum macropterum (DC.) D.M. Johnston Piscidia mollis Rose Janusia californica Benth. Rhynchosia precatoria (Will.) DC. J. linearis Wiggins Senna atomaria (L.) Irwin & Barneby S. covesii (A. Gray) Irwin & Barneby MALVACEAE S. hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex. Britt. & Wilson S. pallida (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby A. incanum (Link) Sweet Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht Tephrosia thurberi (Rydb.) C.E. Wood Gossypium thurberi Todaro Zornia reticulata Sm. Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky Hibiscus acicularis Standl. FAGACEAE * Malva parviflora L. Quercus cf. perpallida Trel. Sida alamosana S. Watson Q. chihuahuensis Trel. S. hyalina Fryxell Q. oblongifolia Torr. S. rhombifolia L. Q. tuberculata Liebm. Q. viminea Trel. MARTYNIACEAE Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl. FOUQUIERIACEAE Fouquieria macdougalii Nash MORACEAE F. splendens Engelm. Ficus pertusa L. f. F. petiolaris H.B.K. GENTIANACEAE Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) Fernald NOLINACEAE Nolina microcarpa S. Watson HYDROPHYLLACEAE Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) Greene NYCTAGINACEAE Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Benth.) Greene Allionia incarnata L. Nama hispidum A.Gray Boerhavia coccinea Mill. N. jamaicense L. B. erecta L. Phacelia gentryi Const. Commicarpus scandens (L.) Standl. Pisonia capitata (S. Watson) Standl. IRIDACEAE Nemastylis tenuis (Herb.) Benth. ex Baker ONAGRACEAE Epilobium canum (E. Greene) P.H. Raven ssp. latifolium KRAMERIACEAE (Hook.) P.H. Raven Krameria erecta Willd. ex Schultes. Gaura parviflora Douglas Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven LAMIACEAE L. peploides (H.B.K.) P.H. Raven Hedeoma nana (Torr.) Briq. ssp. nana (Torr.) Briq. Oenothera kunthiana (Spach) Munz Hyptis albida Kunth Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. OROBANCHACEAE Salvia lasiocephala Hook. & Arn. Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A. Heller S. misella Kunth in H.B.K. S. setosa Fernald PALMAE (ARECACEAE) S. townsendii Fernald Brahea brandegeei (Purpus) H.E. Moore Stachys coccinea Jacq. PAPAVERACEAE LILIACEAE Argemone ochroleuca Sweet. Echeandia flavescens (Schult. & Schult. f.) Cruden Eschscholzia californica Chamisso ssp. mexicana Milla biflora Cav. (Greene) C. Clark

LOASACEAE PASSIFLORACEAE Mentzelia asperula Wooton & Standl. Passiflora arizonica (Killip) D.H. Douglas M. multiflora (Nutt.) A. Gray P. foetida L. var. gossypiifolia (Ham.) Mast.

LORANTHACEAE PLANTAGINACEAE Psittacanthus sonorae (S. Watson) Kuijt Plantago ovata Forsk. Struthanthus palmeri Kuijt P. virginica L.

LYTHRACEAE PLUMBAGINACEAE Cuphea wrightii A. Gray Plumbago scandens L.

124 USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005. POACEAE Aristida adscensionis L. globosa var. globosa I.M. Johnston A. ternipes var. ternipes Cav. Gouania rosei Wiggins Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter Karwinskia humboldtiana (Roem. & Schult.) Zucc. Bouteloua aristidoides (H.B.K.) Grisb. B. barbata var. barbata Lag. ROSACEAE B. hirsuta Lag. Prunus serotina Ehrh. B. repens Scribn. & Merr. Cathestecum brevifolium Swallen RUBIACEAE * Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. * Chloris virgata Swartz Galium proliferum A. Gray * Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richt. Hintonia latiflora (Sess. & Moç.) Bullock * Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. * E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Randia obcordata S. Watson * Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. R. sonorensis Wiggins E. mexicana (Hornem.) var. mexicana (Hornem.) E. pectinacea (Michx.) Nees var. pectinacea (Michx.) Nees Heteropogon melanocarpus (Ell.) Benth. Esenbeckia hartmannii Rob. & . Lasiacis ruscifolia (H.B.K.) Hitchc. Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi ssp. brachiata (Steud.) N. Snow SALICACEAE * Melinis repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubbard Salix exilifolia Dorn Muhlenbergia arizonica Scribn. M. microsperma (DC.) Kunth. SAPINDACEAE M. rigens (Benth.) Hitchc. Cardiospermum corindum L. Panicum bulbosum H.B.K. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. * Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link * Phalaris minor Retz. Setaria liebmannii Fourn. SAPOTACEAE Sideroxylon occidentale S. pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. (Hemsl.) Pennington

POLEMONIACEAE SCROPHULARIACEAE Antirrhinum costatum Ipomopsis sonorae (Rose) A. Grant Wiggins Conobea intermedia I. thurberi (Torr. ex A. Gray) V. E. Grant A. Gray Linaria canadensis Loeselia glandulosa (Cav.) G. Don (L.) Dum. Cours. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell Mecardonia vandellioides (H.B.K) Pennell POLYGALACEAE Mimulus floribundus Dougl. Polygala alba Nutt. M. guttatus Fisch. ex DC. P. glochidiata H.B.K. Penstemon dasyphyllus A. Gray Russelia sonorensis var. sonorensis Carlson POLYGONACEAE Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Sweet Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Veronica peregrina L. * Polygonum aviculare L. PONTEDERIACEAE Anemia tomentosa (Sav.) Swartz. var. mexicana Heteranthera limosa (Swartz) Willd. (C. Presl) Mickel

PORTULACACEAE SELAGINELLACEAE suffrutescens Engelm. Selaginella rupincola Underw. P. umbraticola Kunth Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Geartn. SOLANACEAE Capsicum annuum L. var. aviculare (Dierb.) D’Arcy & PTERIDACEAE Eshbaugh Astrolepis sinuata (Lag. ex Sweet) Benham & Windham Datura lanosa Barkeley ex Bye Bommeria hispida (Kuhn.) Underw. Lycium andersonii A. Gray Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willd.) Proctor * Nicotiana glauca Graham C. kaulfussii Kunze N. obtusifolia Mart. & Gal. C. lindheimeri (J. Smith) Hook. Physalis acutifolia (Miers.) Standl C. wrightii Hook. P. pubescens L. Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link ssp. arizonica Windham Solanum adscendens Sendtn. S. elaeagnifolium Cav. RANUNCULACEAE S. nigrescens Mart. & Gal. Thalictrum fendleri Engelm. ex A. Gray S. tridynamum Dunal

USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005. 125 STERCULIACEAE Ayenia filiformis S. Watson A. jaliscana S. Watson Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.

THEOPHRASTACEAE Jacquinia macrocarpa Stahl. ssp. pungens (A. Gray) B. Ståhl

ULMACEAE Celtis pallida Torr. C. reticulata Torr.

UMBELLIFERAE Eryngium heterophyllum Engelm. E. nasturtiifolium Juss. ex F. Delaroche

URTICACEAE Parietaria floridana Nutt.

VERBENACEAE Aloysia gratissima (Gill. & Hook) Troncoso Glandularia gooddingii (Briq.) Solbrig Lantana camara L. L. hispida H.B.K. Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Small V. tenuisecta Briq. Vitex mollis H.B.K.

VISCACEAE Phoradendron californicum Nutt. P. serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst. ssp. tomentosum (DC.) Kuijt

VITACEAE Vitis arizonica Engelm.

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Guajacum coulteri A. Gray Kallstroemia californica (S. Watson) Vail K. grandiflora Torr.

126 USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-36. 2005.