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Gravity, Magnetic, and Geologic Constraints on the Raton Basin of Southern Colorado, USA Yusuf Pehlivan

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Gravity, Magnetic, and Geologic Constraints on the Raton Basin of Southern Colorado, USA Yusuf Pehlivan Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2015 Gravity, Magnetic, and Geologic Constraints on the Raton Basin of Southern Colorado, USA Yusuf Pehlivan Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES GRAVITY, MAGNETIC, AND GEOLOGIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE RATON BASIN OF SOUTHERN COLORADO, USA By YUSUF PEHLIVAN A Thesis submitted to the Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2015 Yusuf Pehlivan defended this thesis on February 4, 2015. The members of supervisory committee were: David Farris Professor Directing Thesis James F. Tull Committee Member Stephen Kish Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certified that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii To my mother, my siblings, and my fiancé iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS So many people were involved directly or indirectly in this study. I wouldn’t finish my thesis without their supports and encouragements. First and foremost, I express my sincerest gratefulness to my advisor Dr. David Farris, whose ceaseless efforts and patience helped me guide through this thesis. His comprehensive knowledge of the Raton Basin and his ambition toward field geology is admirable. I’ve learnt priceless knowledge both in the field and thesis preparation stages from him. I consider myself extremely lucky to have worked under his guidance. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Stephane Kish and Dr. James Tull, for being my committee members and sharing their experiences with me. Their support and feedbacks helped me in all the time of my study. I would like to thank Turkish community in Tallahassee who share their graduate study experiences with me and support and encourage me any time during this study. I also would like to thank my friends for the inspiring conversations I have had with; my roommate Gokhan Tekin for his help, my classmate Ali Can Altintas for his encouragement and help, my Turkish friends, Umit Tokac, Ahmet Serhat Gozutok, Oktay Akpolat, Riza Memis and Dogan Guner for their support. I’ve learnt a lot from them. I would like to send a special appreciation to the faculty members of the department of Geological Engineering at Dumlupinar University. In the first instance, I would like to thank Associated Professor Zeynal Abiddin Erguler and M. Serkan Akkiraz for their faith to me. They helped me as much as possible during my study. Professor Yasar Kibici, department chair, deserves heartfelt acknowledge for his encouragement and support. iv I also would like to thank to the Turkish Petroleum Corporation for this scholarship and providing a great opportunity in U.S with full financial support. Last but not least; I kept the greatest appreciation for my family members and my fiancé. I would like to thank my mom, my sisters and my brother who never lost their faith to me. Emine Cakir, my love, deserves so many thanks for her patient, support and eternal love during the last 2.5 years. It wouldn’t have been possible to finish my thesis without her. As the end, I would like to send my pray and gratefulness to my dad. I know, he would have been proud of me if he had lived. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................x ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................1 1.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Geological Settings of the Raton Basin ..................................................................................2 1.2.1 Stratigraphic History of the Raton Basin .........................................................................2 1.2.2 Basin Structure ...............................................................................................................7 1.3 Petrography of Igneous Rocks ............................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 2 FIELD WORK AND DATA COMPILATION..................................... 13 2.1 Introduction of Field Work for Gravity Survey .................................................................... 13 2.1.1. Free-Air Correction ...................................................................................................... 14 2.1.2. Simple Bouguer Gravity Correction ............................................................................. 15 2.1.3. Bouguer Spherical Cap Correction ............................................................................... 16 2.1.4. Terrain Correction ........................................................................................................ 16 2.2. Introduction of Field Work for Magnetic Survey ................................................................ 20 2.2.1. Magnetic Susceptibility ................................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER 3 STRUCTURAL MODELLING ............................................................... 23 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.2. Data Preparation ............................................................................................................. 23 3.3. Orientation of the Cross-Sections .................................................................................... 25 3.4. Building Cross-Sections .................................................................................................. 25 vi 3.4.1. Gravity Cross-Sections ............................................................................................. 25 3.4.1.1. A-A’ Cross-Section ........................................................................................... 27 3.4.1.2. B-B’ Cross-Section ........................................................................................... 29 3.4.2. Magnetic Cross-Sections .......................................................................................... 31 3.4.2.1. C-C’ Cross-Section ........................................................................................... 31 3.4.2.2. D-D’ Cross-Section ........................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................... 35 APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................... 37 A DENSITY AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TABLES ................................ 37 B GRAVITY READINGS ................................................................................................. 41 C MAGNETIC READINGS .............................................................................................. 47 D ACTUAL GRAVITY MODELS .................................................................................. 67 E GRAVMAG GRAVITY MODELS SAVE FILES .................................................... 68 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 76 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ............................................................................................. 79 vii LIST OF FIGURES 1.1. Generalized geologic map of the Raton Basin showing the location and geologic boundaries of the study area. Derived from New Mexico Bureau Geology and Mineral Resource (2003) and Tweto (1979) (Hoffman and Brister, 2003) ................................................................................. 2 1.2. Generalized stratigraphic column of Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks in the Raton Basin part of the Raton Basin-Sierra Grande Uplift Province. Wavy gray line marks erosional unconformity between Vermejo and Raton Formations (Cooper, 2006) ............................................................ 7 1.3. Structural cross sections perpendicular to the basin axis for both the northern and southern portions of the basin. 1/1000 vertical exaggeration (Cooper, 2006) ............................................. 8 1.4. Generalized geologic cross section through the Southern Raton Basin (taken from the paper named by Freeman 3-24 well Nontributary determination Huerfano County, Colorado Raton Basin prepared by AMEC Environmental & Infrastructure, INC., 2012) ..................................... 9 1.5. Structural map of the Raton Basin (Source S.S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc. in conjunction with CGS, 2007) (taken from the paper named by Freeman 3-24 well Nontributary determination Huerfano County, Colorado Raton Basin prepared by AMEC Environmental & Infrastructure, INC., 2012).......................................................................................................... 9 1.6. Raton Basin Intrusion map (Cooper, 2006) .......................................................................
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