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Geology of NY74NE, NW and NY75NE, SW and SE, Alston, Cumbria

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Geology of NY74NE, NW and NY75NE, SW and SE, Alston, Cumbria Geology of NY74NE, NW and NY75NE, SW and SE, Alston, Cumbria Geology and Landscape Northern Britain Programme Open Report OR/07/032 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE NORTHERN BRITAIN PROGRAMME OPEN REPORT OR/07/032 Geology of NY74NE, NW and NY75NE, SW and SE, Alston, Cumbria The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/ 2008. S. M. Clarke Keywords Geology, NY74NE, NY74NW, NY75, Northumberland, Cumbria. National Grid Reference SW corner 370000,545000 Centre point 375000,552500 NE corner 380000,560000 Map Sheet 19, 1:50 000 scale, Hexham Bibliographical reference CLARKE, S. M. 2008. Geology of NY74NE, NW and NY75NE, SW and SE, Alston, Cumbria. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/07/032. 51pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2008. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2008 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. email [email protected] We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG BGS shops. Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 email [email protected] The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in email [email protected] developing countries. The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. London Information Office at the Natural History Museum (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2DE Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Forde House, Park Five Business Centre, Harrier Way, Sowton EX2 7HU Tel 01392 445271 Fax 01392 445371 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com OR/07/032; Draft 0.1 Last modified: 2007/12/17 14:05 Foreword 1:10 000-scale geological sheets NY74NW and NY75SW were surveyed by C. L. Vye over the period 2002 to 2003. Sheets NY74NE, NY75SE and NY75NE were surveyed by S. M. Clarke from 2002 to 2004. These areas constitute part of the resurvey of BGS 1:50 000-scale maps of Hexham and Alston (England and Wales Series sheets 19 and 25 respectively). This report covers all 5 1:10 000-scale sheets and includes a synopsis of field notes by S. M. Clarke and C. L. Vye, with palaeontological descriptions by M. T. Dean. This work was carried out as part of the Northern England – Alston Block Project (E2007S71). Grid references The area covered by this report lies within Ordnance Survey British National Grid square NY. References given to specific exposures and locations are quoted to six or eight figures as appropriate. References to named shafts and adits are derived from ground survey where these features can be positively identified on the ground, otherwise, they have been taken from Dunham (1990). In all cases, the prefix NY is omitted from the reference and should be assumed. Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the co-operation of all landowners within the area and with special thanks to the staff of Whitfield Estate who where extremely helpful throughout the survey of their land. i OR/07/032; Draft 0.1 Last modified: 2007/12/17 14:05 Contents Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................................................... i Contents ....................................................................................................................................................................... ii Summary.....................................................................................................................................................................iii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Geography................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Previous work............................................................................................................................................ 4 2 Geological Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 5 3 Carboniferous bedrock ...................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 cyclothems and Sequence Stratigraphy ..................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Carboniferous nomenclature ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Visean (Mississippian) rocks: Alston Formation ...................................................................................... 7 3.4 Serpukhovian to Bashkirian (Namurian) rocks: Stainmore Formation ................................................... 20 4 Intrusive igneous rocks .................................................................................................................................... 31 5 Structure............................................................................................................................................................ 31 5.1 Regional dip and folding ......................................................................................................................... 32 5.2 Faulting ................................................................................................................................................... 32 6 Mineralisation................................................................................................................................................... 37 7 Superficial deposits........................................................................................................................................... 39 7.1 Glacial Till .............................................................................................................................................. 39 7.2 Glaciofluvial deposits.............................................................................................................................. 40 7.3 Alluvium and alluvial terraces................................................................................................................. 40 7.4 Peat.......................................................................................................................................................... 41 7.5 Erosional features and meltwater channels ............................................................................................. 41 8 Mass-movement and Artificial deposits.......................................................................................................... 42 8.1 Landslide................................................................................................................................................. 42 8.2 Artificial ground...................................................................................................................................... 43 9 Economic Geology ............................................................................................................................................ 44 9.1 Minerals................................................................................................................................................... 44 9.2 Coal ........................................................................................................................................................
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