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Catalog of Cuban Fossil Elasmobranchii (Paleocene--Pliocene) and Paleooceanographic Implications of Their Lower--Middle Miocene Occurrence

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Catalog of Cuban Fossil Elasmobranchii (Paleocene--Pliocene) and Paleooceanographic Implications of Their Lower--Middle Miocene Occurrence 1996 Iturralde-Vinent, M., G. Hubbell, R. Rojas, 1996. Catalogue of Cuban fossil Elasmobranchii (Paleocene to Pliocene) and paleogeographic implications of their Lower to Middle Miocene occurrence, Boletín de la Sociedad Jamaicana de Geología, vol. 31, p. 7-21. CATALOG OF CUBAN FOSSIL ELASMOBRANCHII (PALEOCENE--PLIOCENE) AND PALEOOCEANOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS OF THEIR LOWER--MIDDLE MIOCENE OCCURRENCE M. Iturralde-Vinent1 , G. Hubbell2 , R. Rojas1 1 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba 2 Jaws International, 150 Buttonwood Drive, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 Las Tablas 1,2, 4 y figura 3 están al final del texto. Abstract Although fossil Elasmobranchii have been found in Paleocene, Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene(?) rocks from Cuba, few papers are dedicated to their study and description. This paper includes a revised list of Cuban fossil Elasmobranchii (19 species from 10 genera) based on material preserved in several natural history collections of Cuba and reports in the literature. Paleocene sharks (Carcharodon auriculatus, Striatolamia sp.) are known from localities in Pinar del Río, western Cuba. Middle to Late Eocene taxa (Carcharodon auriculatus, Striatolamia macrota, Isurus sp.) are known from localities in Havana city, Havana province, and the Sierra Maestra mountains northwest of Santiago de Cuba. Miocene sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus, C. perezi, Carcharias taurus, Carcharodon carcharias, C. megalodon, C. subauriculatus, Galeocerdo contortus, Hemipristis serra, Isurus hastalis, I. sp. cf. I. desori, Negaprion brevirostris, Sphyrna mokarran, S. prisca [?]) are well known from many quarries in western Cuba, especially from those in Havana and Matanzas provinces, but some taxa have been found in several sites throughout the country. Late Miocene-Pliocene(?) C. megalodon teeth are reported from quarries near Cárdenas in Matanzas province. Fossil remains of shark are mostly teeth, but some shark vertebrae are in the collections as well as reported in the literature. Several batoid remains have been found, including a dental plate of the Eocene (?) Aetobatus poeyi, as long as several unidentified tail spines and dental plates of two probably new Middle Miocene taxa, still under study. The Elasmobranchii species found in Cuba are cosmopolitan, but, interestingly, C. megalodon and some other Lower-Middle Miocene species have been reported only from Havana and Matanzas provinces (western Cuba). This peculiar distribution is probably related to the existence of a Lower-Middle Miocene water channel accross western Cuba (Havana-Matanzas) that connected the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea. At that time the Caribbean surface current probably joined the Florida-Gulf Stream currents across the present-day area of Havana-Matanzas, as several additional facts suggest. Key words: sharks, Tertiary, Cuba, paleooceanography 1 Resumen Dientes fósiles de Elasmobranchios se encuentran en rocas del Paleoceno, Eoceno, Mioceno y Plioceno(?) de Cuba, pero muy pocas obras se han dedicado a su estudio y descripción. En el presente trabajo se ofrece una lista revisada de los Elasmobranchios fósiles cubanos (19 especies de 10 géneros), incluidas algunas especies que se reportan por primera vez para el territorio, a partir del material atesorado en las colecciones de historia natural de los museos cubanos y otras que aparecen en la literatura. Tiburones del Paleoceno (Carcharodon auriculatus, Striatolamia sp.) se reportan de Pinar del Río en Cuba occidental. Los taxones del Eoceno Medio y Superior (Carcharodon auriculatus, Striatolamia macrota, Isurus sp.) se conocen de localidades en la ciudad de La Habana, la provincia de La Habana y en las montañas de la Sierra Maestra al NW de Santiago de Cuba. Los tiburones del Mioceno (Carcharhinus obscurus, C. perezii, Carcharias taurus, Carcharodon carcharias, C. megalodon, C. subauriculatus, Galeocerdo contortus, Hemipristis serra, Isurus hastalis, I. sp. cf I. desori, Negaprion brevirostris, Sphyrna mokarran, S. prisca [?]) se conocen bien de varias canteras situadas en el occidente de Cuba, especialmente en las provincias de La Habana y Matanzas, pero algunos han aparecido en otras localidades en el resto del país. Dientes de tiburón del Mioceno- Superior-Plioceno(?) (C. megalodon) se reportan de varias canteras cercanas a la ciudad de Cárdenas en Matanzas. Los restos fósiles de tiburón son principalmente dientes, pero en las colecciones hay algunas vertebras que han sido reportadas antes en la literatura. De Cuba se ha descrito el batoide del Eoceno(?) Aetobatus poeyi, y se encuentran, en lechos del Mioceno, espinas de la cola de batoides, así como dos placas dentales en proceso de identificación. Las especies de tiburones encontradas en Cuba son cosmopolitas, pero es muy interesante que C. megalodon junto a otras especies del Mioceno Inferior- Medio se hayan encontrado solamente en Cuba occidental (La Habana y Matanzas). Esta distribución peculiar está relacionada probablemente con la existencia de un canal marino en Cuba occidental (Habana-Matanzas) durante el Mioceno Inferior a Medio, el cual comunicaba el Oceano Atlántico con el Mar Caribe. INTRODUCTION Fossil Elasmobranchii were reported in Cuba since the beginning of the XVIII century by different naturalist as Felipe Poey y Alloy, José Ramón de la Sagra, L.J.R. Agassiz, Justo Egozcue y Cia, and Manuel Fernández de Castro. This last author in 1873, in a paper describing a new fossil species of the Eocene(?) batoid (Aetobatis poeyi) 1, listed the following Cuban shark taxa: Carcharodon megalodon, C. heterodon, C. auriculatus, C. angustidens, Hemipristis serra, Sphirna prisca, Oxyrhina quadrans, O. hastalis, O. plicatilis, Odontapsis or Lamna 1 This species now is named Aetobatus poeyi (Fernández de Castro), Kruckow and Thies (1990). But the author's family name Fernández de Castro is incorrectly cited as "Castro" in this and other references. 2 hopei, identified by Prof. D. Justo Egozcue y Cia2. In 1876 Fernández de Castro presented a catalog of Cuban fossils that included five genera and 13 species of sharks, but the names of the taxa were not listed. He also reported that C. megalodon teeth were found frequently west of Matanzas, and he identified H. serra as a typical Tertiary fossil from Cuba. The most important taxonomic paper about Cuban sharks was that of M. Sánchez Roig (1920) in which 12 species from six different genera were described and some were illustrated. The senior author started this project in 1992 with the purpose of evaluating the biogeographic information that Cuban fossil Elasmobranchii might provide for use in tectonic and paleogeographic reconstruction of the Caribbean area. Following is an interesting result related to the Lower-Middle Miocene paleooceanography. Abbreviations MNHNH: Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de La Habana MNHNH-P: Paleontological collections of Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de La Habana IGP: Instituto de Geología y Paleontología de La Habana CATALOG OF CUBAN FOSSIL ELASMOBRANCHII The authors have examined the paleontological collections of Museo Nacional de Historia Natural in Havana, Museo Provincial "Ignacio Agramonte" in Camagüey, Museo Municipal de Cárdenas in Matanzas, and Instituto de Geología y Paleontología in Havana (where some of Sanchez Roig's materials are stored), and the private collection of J. L. Fernández Millera stored at the Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática in Havana. Unfortunately, some of these materials have very poor locality descriptions and age assignments are often questionable. For several examples, we were unable to identify the stratigraphic horizon with certainty. During the last four years, several paleontological sites yielding well localized material were established by the MNHNH staff, in collaboration with curators of local museums and paleontologists from the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH, New York). Here is reported for Cuba 19 species belonging to 10 different genera (table 1), most of them of worldwide distribution. Some of these species are illustrated in plate I. We identified the Cuban fossil material available in Cuban public and private collections, and the specimens were later sent for verification to Robert Purdy (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.). The identification of those specimens that were not available, was evaluated according to the illustrations provided in the paper, as in the example of Sánchez Roig (1920). The species listed without illustrations (i.e: Fernández de Castro 1873, 1876; Burchard, 1920; Sánchez Roig, 1928; Kruckow and Thies, 1990) were not accepted as a good record. 2 These fossils were exposed in the Universal Exhibition held in Paris, 1867. 3 The fossil sharks reported by Fernández de Castro (1973, 1976) were not available, but some of the taxa have been reported later and there is fossil material available. Leriche (1938) revised the identifications of Sánchez Roig (1920) assuming that the age of the specimens was Miocene or Pliocene, so he misidentified several species (Table 2). Sánchez Roig's figured material probably were lost, but additional material collected and identified by him is preserved at the collection of IGP. Table 2 indicates our assignment of the specimens figured by Sánchez Roig (1920). In 1928, Sánchez Roig published a catalog of the shark teeth stored in the collections of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Museo de Historia Natural in Havana. The catalog included specimens he identified as Lamna elegans, L. longidens, L. cuspidata, Isurus hastalis,
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