DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 6: Climate Change Mitigation and Energy LONDON ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 185

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 6: Climate Change Mitigation and Energy LONDON ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 185 LONDON ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 183 Chapter 6: Climate change mitigation and energy LONDON ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 185 INTRODUCTION Making London zero carbon can ensure • decarbonise London’s homes and AIM long-term economic growth and new workplaces while protecting the most If the world continues emitting business opportunities, alongside vulnerable by tackling fuel poverty London will be a greenhouse gases (GHGs) at today’s wider environmental benefits, such as levels, average global temperatures improved air quality and a healthier • develop clean and smart, integrated zero carbon city by could rise by up to five degrees Celsius society. The Mayor’s Energy for energy systems using local and 66 by the end of this century. London, Londoners programme aims to transform renewable energy resources 2050, with energy among other global cities, must play London’s energy system by reducing a leading role in helping to reduce energy demand and improving the • deliver a zero emission transport efficient buildings, these emissions. security of supply by ensuring more network by 2050. local energy is produced. This will help clean transport and The Mayor will re-establish London’s keep energy bills fairer, thus protecting position as a leader in tackling climate the most vulnerable, and reducing LONDON’S ENVIRONMENT NOW clean energy. change by setting a target for London carbon emissions. to become zero carbon by 2050. The key evidence to support the Mayor’s Making London zero carbon will require This change will not be without its ambitions for a zero carbon London by economy-wide decarbonisation. This challenges. Many of the technologies 2050 is summarised below. You can find will involve changes to the way in and fuels needed to achieve this goal out more about the evidence behind the which Londoners travel, work and live, already exist, however, more energy policies and proposals in Appendix 2. including how energy is sourced and infrastructure will be needed to generated. Energy efficiency will have to support London’s growing population The UN Paris Climate Agreement increase dramatically, leading to homes and this must be low carbon. National commits to keeping global warming and workplaces being highly insulated. government, London boroughs, below 2°C. This agreement has shown The fossil fuels used for heating and communities and Londoners themselves that cities can work together to plot a powering buildings, transport, and must play a part in leading this change. path to a lower carbon future. In addition, industry will have to be replaced by the 2008 Climate Change Act requires renewable electricity and gas. London’s To fully decarbonise London, GHG an at least 80 per cent reduction in CO2 grids will need to become smarter at emissions will need to be reduced from emissions (compared to 1990 levels) for balancing energy demand with available around 38 megatons today to near zero the whole of the UK. For more details on supply, and low carbon travel will be the by 2050. To make this happen, London the legislative and policy background default option. will require careful but far reaching see Appendix 4, and for information on reforms, which are underpinned by three the main responsibilities of a range of high-level objectives: organisations see Appendix 3. 66 IPCC AR5 range for BaU is 2.6 to 4.8 by 2100: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/ LONDON ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 187 London has reduced its emissions London’s current carbon emissions despite a growth in population, and BOX 18: WHY CARBON BOX 18: WHY CARBON In 2014, London’s GHG emissions were has shown that carbon reduction and (CONTINUED) estimated at around 38 MtCO2e (million economic growth can go hand in hand. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is by far the tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent), most common GHG emitted by city, reducing the capital’s total around seven per cent of the UK’s Global climate change human activity in terms of quantity reported emissions by around 40 total emissions. London’s emissions There is overwhelming scientific released and total impact on global per cent. Clearly, this would unfairly are reducing, having fallen by 16 per consensus that human activities are warming. As such, carbon and penalise other areas of the country cent since 1990 (Figure 30), largely causing global climate change, mainly CO2 have become the common that generate the energy which due to reduced gas consumption due to the burning of fossil fuels. There shorthand terms used when London consumes. London’s zero and decarbonisation of the national is now around 40 per cent more carbon accounting harmful GHGs. London’s carbon targets therefore include electricity grid. To achieve the Mayor’s in the atmosphere than there was before carbon accounting is measured both direct and indirect emissions, zero carbon target by 2050 the rate 67 the industrial revolution (see Box 18 for where possible in carbon dioxide as defined in scope 1 and 2 of the of emissions reduction must be 69 why the focus is on carbon). Such high equivalent or “CO2e” emissions. Greenhouse Gas Protocol. increased threefold over progress levels have not been experienced on This includes the conversion of to date since 1990. Earth for at least 800,000 years and in other GHGs, such as methane from Manufactured and purchased goods all likelihood not for the last three million landfill, and nitrous oxide and black also have emissions associated with Sources of greenhouse gas emissions years.68 Annual average concentrations carbon from transport emissions, generation at source, most often in London of GHGs have risen from around 280 into their equivalent CO2 emissions outside of the city. These ‘scope London’s GHG emissions are dominated parts per million (ppm) in 1900 to a based on their relative global 3’ emissions are harder to trace by buildings and transport (Figure 29). In record 400 ppm in 2016. The effects of warming potential. For consistency quantitatively but are estimated to 2014 it is estimated that 35 per cent of these GHGs are being felt now. 2016 was with national and international account for as much as three times emissions were generated from London’s the warmest year on record, almost one measurement of CO2e emissions the size of direct emissions. The homes, 42 per cent from workplaces degree Celsius above the 20th century and targets London’s GHG accounting of London’s scope 3 and 23 per cent from transport. global average. The five warmest years emissions are measured against targets are embedded within the Decarbonising London will mean taking on record have all occurred since 2010. a 1990 baseline unless stated principles of a circular approach a targeted approach to each sector. otherwise. to London’s waste (see Chapter 7: This will include retrofitting existing Waste) and although not included buildings as well as making sure that new If London only accounted for the in the pathway to zero carbon, we developments are part of the solution GHG emissions within its boundaries will continue to measure scope towards achieving a zero carbon city. it would ignore all indirect emissions 3 emissions for the city and associated with electricity must avoid merely outsourcing generation outside the our emissions. 67 Atmospheric CO2 content based on ice core records from a combination of studies. Eggleton, R. A (2013). A Short Introduction to Climate Change 68 Yale School of Forestry & Environment Studies (2017) How the World Passed a Carbon Threshold and Why It Matters, Available at: http:// 69 The Greenhouse Gas Protocol is the worlds most widely used international carbon accounting tool. Details of the protocol and it’s e360.yale.edu/features/how-the-world-passed-a-carbon-threshold-400ppm-and-why-it-matters (Accessed: 11/07/2017). standards, guidance and tools are available at: http://www.ghgprotocol.org/. TYPE OF GRAPH: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY LONDON ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 189 Reference Fig 1: Greenhouse gas emissions and population in London, 1990 to 2014 Figure 29: 2014 emissions by sector (LEGGI) Figure 30: Greenhouse gas emissions by sector and population trends 1990 to 2014 ) 30 9 % 23 t ( r H 25 o o 8.5 sp m n e ra s T (3 20 5 % 7.5 ) Residential gas, 19% 15 Residential electricity, 16% 7 10 Residential other fuels, 1% 6.5 Non-residential gas, 10% 5 Population (millions) Population Non-residential electricity, 31% GHG emissions London 0 6 Non-residential other, 2% 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Large industrial and waste, 1% Road Transport, 17% Population Domestic Industrial and commercial Transport Rail and shipping, 3% Aviation, 2% (Note: figures pre-2000 are extrapolated from 1990 and sourced from LEGGI and ONS) Source: GLA (2017), London Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory Source: GLA (2017), London Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory Available at: data.london.gov.uk/dataset?q=leggi ) % 2 4 ( s e As London’s population continues to Under this scenario, existing policies c a l p k r o W grow, existing UK and Mayoral polices driving emissions reduction at a UK and alone will not be enough to meet the city level could take London to a 25 per scale of decarbonisation required. A cent reduction on 1990 levels by 2050. zero carbon scenario has been modelled To get to zero carbon, the modelling for London, which sets the envelope for shows an extra 45 per cent can and must Source: Greater London Authority (2017) emissions reduction out to 2050 and is be achieved through the decarbonisation detailed in Appendix 2. The London Zero of energy grids and other actions at a UK Carbon Pathways Tool is available at level in line with policies and proposals https://maps.london.gov.uk/zerocarbon needed to achieve UK carbon budgets.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hydropower Or Private Power
    HYDROPOWER OR PRIVATE POWER River Development Resistance in the Chilean Landscape Lydia M. Bleifuss A thesis written in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Department of Environmental Studies Lewis & Clark College Portland, Oregon May 2016 DEDICATION To Ella Bump 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would fist like to extend my greatest appreciation to those who made time to speak with me in Chile, despite my less than impressive Spanish. This thesis would not have been possible without the insights of both the interviewees who are cited here, and the many other conversations that filled my travels. Special thanks to Thomas, Anthony, Gabriel, Adele, Coto, Matias, Raketa, and Rocio for their hospitality and kindness. I would also like to thank the SAAB Research Grant Board and the Renewable Energy Fee Fund Committee for the finances to both conduct and translate my research. Specifically, Julie Jacobs’ and Marlon Jimenez Oviendo’s guidance was instrumental in the grant processes. I would also like to acknowledge Jim Proctor and the Environmental Studies 2016 senior class for their intellectual support and constant inspiration. Jhana Taylor Valentine was the most wonderful academic companion and friend throughout this year, to whom I owe my sanity. Special thanks to Alistair Bleifuss for wading through a very rough draft and coming through with excellent advice. For their unwavering love and support, I would finally like to extend my constant gratitude to my comrades and housemates, Bear, Izzy, Analise, and Alex, and to my magnificent parents. 2 ABSTRACT This thesis centers on hydropower development and questions its continuing expansion as subsequent ecological and social challenges compound.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Emissions MANAGEMENT PLAN
    Carbon Emissions MANAGEMENT PLAN Prepared for SWACO February 2020 prepared by Contents Section 1.0 Introduction .........................................................1 A Changing Climate . .. 1 SWACO’s Commitment . 2 Using this Plan . 2 Section 2.0 Carbon Footprint Evaluation .......................................3 Footprint Definition . 3 Methodology . 3 Monitoring . 4 Section 3.0 Benchmarking ..............................................5 Section 4.0 Goal Setting ..............................................6 Methodology . 6 Organization-wide Goal . 6 Section 5.0 Implementing .........................................7 Landfill Gas Emissions Management . 7 Vehicle and Equipment Fuel Management . 8 Building Energy Management . 8 Waste Management . 8 Section 6.0 Future Considerations ............................9 Appendices Appendix A: Benchmarking Assessment . 11 Appendix B: Carbon Management Strategic Initiatives Matrix . 15 Appendix C: Strategic Initiative Decision Trees . 17 Photo Caption LIST OF ACRONYMS CH4 GWP SBTI Methane Global Warming Science-Based Potential Target Initiative CO2 IPCC SWACO Carbon Dioxide Intergovernmental Solid Waste Authority Panel on Climate of Central Ohio Control CO2e N2O Carbon Dioxide Nitrous Oxide Equivalent Introduction SECTION 1.0 Introduction A CHANGING CLIMATE In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane above 1.5°C (2.7°F) will result in increasingly significant (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and certain fluorinated impacts of climate change. To limit the increase to gases, collectively referred
    [Show full text]
  • Reduce, Reuse and Reimagine
    2019 URBAN ENERGY REPORT REDUCE, REUSE AND REIMAGINE – SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY URBAN INSIGHT 2019 URBAN ENERGY REDUCE, REUSE AND REIMAGINE – SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY iii URBAN INSIGHT 2019 URBAN ENERGY REDUCE, REUSE AND REIMAGINE – SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY REDUCE, REUSE AND REIMAGINE – SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY PETER WEINEM JOHNNY IVERSEN MARCIN BALCEREK 1 URBAN INSIGHT 2019 URBAN ENERGY REDUCE, REUSE AND REIMAGINE – SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY SMART ENERGY RE-USE IS GAINING IMPORTANCE IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT, PARTICULARLY IN ADDRESSING GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES AND FUTURE LIMITED FOSSIL FUEL RESOURCES. 2 URBAN INSIGHT 2019 URBAN ENERGY REDUCE, REUSE AND REIMAGINE – SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 WHAT IS “RE-USE OF ENERGY” IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT? 6 3 WHICH KINDS OF ENERGY DO WE FINALLY CONSUME? 10 4 EFFICIENT UTILISATION OF FUEL 14 5 WASTE AS A MEASURE OF ENERGY RE-USE 22 6 SMART ENERGY SYSTEMS 30 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 36 8 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 44 9 REFERENCES 46 FOR FOOTNOTES, SEE REFERENCES, PAGE 47. 3 URBAN INSIGHT 2019 URBAN ENERGY REDUCE, REUSE AND REIMAGINE – SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY 1. Designing and planning the communities and cities of the future will INTRODUCTION involve not only saving energy, but also developing smart energy-efficient solutions focused on the re-use of energy. Great amounts of energy are currently wasted in our cities. We need to identify creative new ways to reuse this energy. Energy that can be harvested and reused will be an essential part of the future energy system.
    [Show full text]
  • A Citizen's Guide to BOEM's Renewable Energy Authorization Process
    A Citizen’s Guide TO THE BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT’S RENEWABLE ENERGY AUTHORIZATION PROCESS December 2016 Overview This guide is intended to help the public understand the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s (BOEM) process for overseeing renewable energy projects on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) and to highlight opportunities for public involvement. About BOEM BOEM is the Bureau within the U.S. Department of the Interior responsible for managing development of the nation’s offshore energy resources in an environmentally and economically responsible way. BOEM promotes energy independence, environmental protection, and economic development through responsible, science-informed management of offshore energy resources. Introduction The United States is experiencing increased interest in the development of marine energy projects using wind, wave, and ocean current technologies. These types of renewable energy sources can provide densely populated coastal communities with a clean source of electrical power while helping to diversify the U.S. electrical supply. For additional information on offshore renewable energy technology, see BOEM’s “Offshore Renewable Energy Guide” at http://www.boem.gov/Offshore- Renewable-Energy-Guide/. In 2016, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) estimated 10,800 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind energy could be accessed within the 200 nautical miles (nm) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundary. DOE estimates offshore wind energy capacity recoverable given current technical capabilities to be 2,058 GW, with an energy generation potential almost double the electricity consumption of the United States. 2 | A Citizen’s Guide to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s Renewable Energy Authorization Process BOEM’s Regulatory Authority for Renewable Energy Activities BOEM is the federal agency responsible for issuing leases, easements, and rights-of-way for renewable energy projects on the OCS.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Hierarchy and Building Design
    Energy Hierarchy and Building Design Andrew Cruse, AIA LEED AP Assistant Professor of Architecture Ohio State University 2 O O R R Image: Transsolar Building Sustainability Renewable Codes Standards Technologies 3 4 Waste Hierarchy 5 CONVER T CONTRO L CONSERV E Waste Hierarchy Energy Hierarchy 6 CONVERT Get energy from renewable sources CONVERT CONTROL Make sure energy that is being used is used efficiently through a review of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment CONTROL CONSERV PErevent unnecessary energy use through Passive Climate Control Strategies and Behavioral Strategies CONSERV E Energy Hierarchy 7 CONVER T CONTROL CONSERVE Passive Building and Behavioral Strategies • largest impact with the least expense • pre-schematic design choices about building siting and orientation, passive solar and ventilation CONSERV options, landscape choices. • schematic design choices about the building enve- lope, both opaque and transparent walls. E • building occupant education and awareness Energy Hierarchy 8 Passive Climate Control System typically does not rely on purchased energy and uses basic elements of the building such as windows, walls, floors, etc. Active Climate Control Systems typically relies on purchased energy and dedicated equipment within the building (ducts, motors, wires, etc.) CONSERVE 9 Typical Project Potential for Phases Impact CONSERVE 10 Urba Suburba Rura n n l Context matters CONSERVE 11 The Environmental Value of Building Reuse - National Trust for Historic Preservation New Construction versus Rehabilitation CONSERVE
    [Show full text]
  • Water Power for a Clean Energy Future
    WATERWIND & POWER WATER PROGRAM POWER PROGRAM WATER POWER FOR A CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE March 2016 WATER POWER PROGRAM Building a Clean Energy Economy Leading the world in clean energy is critical to strengthening the American economy. Targeted investments in clean en- ergy research and development jumpstart private sector innovation critical to our long-term economic growth, energy security, and international competitiveness. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Water Power Program (the Pro- gram) is strengthening the nation’s global position by funding cutting-edge research to produce the next generation of hydropower and marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) technologies, and by accelerating the development of markets for those technologies. Currently, the hydropower industry employs 200,000–300,000 workers in the United States, making it not only the longest-running, but also the largest renewable electricity production workforce in the nation. However, there has been a lack of consistent hydropower educational programs in the United States. In an effort to increase our nation’s knowledge and skills in this area, the Program has sponsored new graduate research opportunities to train the next generation of hydropower specialists and engineers. The newly emerging MHK industry holds tremendous potential for job growth as MHK technologies progress to- wards commercial readiness. The Program invests in fellowships that fund graduate-level training and sends U.S. researchers to advanced European research facilities to establish partnerships, boost innovation, and facilitate knowledge sharing. By capitalizing on water power’s significant potential for sustainable growth, the United States can add thousands of clean energy jobs while building a sustainable, renewable energy future.
    [Show full text]
  • Deloitte Resources 2017 Study Energy Management: Sustainability and Progress Contents
    Deloitte Resources 2017 Study Energy management: Sustainability and progress Contents About the study 3 Executive summary 5 Residential consumer views on energy management 7 Detailed residential consumer findings 8 Business views on energy management 25 Detailed business findings 26 Concluding thoughts 46 Endnotes 49 Contacts 50 2 About the study Deloitte1, with strategy and market research firm Harrison The 2017 Study was conducted in March 2017, and thus, Group, a YouGov company, has completed its seventh largely reflects attitudes and practices related to the annual nationwide Resources Study (the “2017 Study” or year 2016. The Study captures two views: a residential “Study”) to provide insights that can be useful in helping consumer perspective and a business perspective. The energy companies and businesses make energy-related residential consumer portion is based on more than 1,500 investment and business decisions. The Study aims to demographically balanced online interviews with household answer questions such as: decision-makers for utility services. The business portion of the Study is based on more than 700 online interviews • What are US residential consumers and businesses with business decision-makers responsible for energy doing to manage their energy usage? management practices at companies with more than • Which energy issues matter most to them? 250 employees across all industries. To facilitate in-depth • What motivates them to reduce their energy analysis, business survey respondents are segmented consumption and what would impel them to take by industry sector and company size. Please see Figure 1 additional action? and Figure 2 for definitions of these segments. In addition, Deloitte interviewed several subject matter specialists and/ • Are they receptive to clean technologies? or providers of energy management products and services • How can electricity suppliers and energy service in order to obtain greater context and potential clarity providers better meet their needs? around key business findings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Energy Hierarchy Approach to Optimum Use of Energy Infrastructure - Sharing Ideas from the Uk and Other Parts of Europe
    Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, March 1-4, 2012, Tokyo, Japan THE ENERGY HIERARCHY APPROACH TO OPTIMUM USE OF ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE - SHARING IDEAS FROM THE UK AND OTHER PARTS OF EUROPE - Ian M. ARBON1 1 EurIng Prof Ian M. Arbon MSc, MBA, CEng, CEnv FIMechE, FASME, FEI, FInstR, FIES Sustainable Energy Consultant, Engineered Solutions, Girvan, Scotland, UK, Immediate Past Chairman, Energy, Environment & Sustainability Group, Institution of Mechanical Engineers [email protected] ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on how the Energy Hierarchy could be used to guide new energy infrastructure policies in Japan, in the context of the 2011 earthquake, examining parallels with Europe, particularly the UK. The Hierarchy approach considers pragmatic pathways towards a sustainable energy future for Japan with reference to all forms of energy, not just electricity. Although engineering solutions are crucial, the Hierarchy recognises that a primary influence on energy consumption is human behaviour. INTRODUCTION The stated aim of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is “Improving the world through engineering”. There are 100,000 IMechE members, and a large number of those have signed up to the Energy, Environment and Sustainability Group (EESG). IMechE, specifically EESG, was instrumental in formulating the “Energy Hierarchy”, a sustainability framework for advocating the prioritisation of energy-saving as the most important step in a whole-system energy strategy (followed by energy efficiency and renewable energy) to provide a logical framework for the development of technically coherent sustainable energy policies. This was launched internationally at ICOMES in 2007 and has gained acceptance across many of the world’s engineering societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Management and Optimization
    Energy Management and Optimization Keith Masters Business Manager, Pulp and Paper Systems, ABB Westerville, OH Abstract Energy Management and Optimization solutions can help reduce energy costs while improving mill operational performance. Real time data from process monitoring systems, automation systems and production planning systems is used for planning and scheduling to help optimize energy use, procurement and generation. This mill information coupled with the price and energy availability information from energy providers/market is used to calculate optimal production and power generation plan, and to get the best price for the energy you require. Reporting tools provide energy consumption, costs and efficiency monitoring. Introduction There are many different ways to implement Energy Management and Optimization. This paper will describe a computer software program that includes planning and scheduling tools to help optimize energy use and supply, energy balance management tools to help energy procurement at the best price, and reporting tools to help monitor energy consumption, costs, efficiency and other energy-related information. The program is based on real time data from process monitoring systems, automation systems, production planning systems coupled with the price and energy availability information from energy providers/market. The continued rise in energy prices puts a squeeze on margin and profits. Margin ? Energy Cost Figure 1 Energy costs impact on margin In order to maintain margin, energy cost must be managed.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy and Sustainable Construction Study
    Centre for Sustainable Energy Teignbridge District Council Renewable Energy and Sustainable Construction Study Final Report, 7 December 2010 (Amended version) Document revision 1.1 3 St Peter’s Court www.cse.org.uk We are a national charity that shares Bedminster Parade 0117 934 1400 our knowledge and experience to Bristol [email protected] help people change the way they BS3 4AQ reg charity 298740 think and act on energy. Teignbridge Renewable Energy and Sustainable Construction Study Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 5 1) INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 5 2) SUSTAINABLE ENERGY RESOURCES IN TEIGNBRIDGE ...................................................................... 5 3) POTENTIAL FOR DISTRICT HEATING ................................................................................................. 6 4) ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES PLANS .................................................................................................... 7 5) COST OF ZERO CARBON DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 8 6) POLICY IMPLEMENTATION .............................................................................................................. 9 7) CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Community Energy Management Best Practices
    COMMUNITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT - BEST PRACTICES Community Energy Management Best Practices Index Program Overview Best Practice One: Community Plans and Public Outreach 1.1 Energy Plan 1.2 Public Participation Best Practice Two: Zoning Regulations 2.1 Zoning Regulations Best Practice Three: Project Review Process 3.1 Project Review Policy and Procedures 3.2 Guide to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Projects Best Practice Four: Recruitment and Education 4.1 Recruitment and Orientation 4.2 Education and Training Best Practice Five: Clean Energy Communities 5.1 Clean Energy Sites 5.2 Community Energy Management Best Practice Six: Community Prosperity 6.1 Economic Development Strategy 6.2 Marketing and Promotion Glossary Acknowledgements COMMUNITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT - BEST PRACTICES Program Overview Local governments across Michigan struggle with economic constraints and seek tools to secure their financial health and identify sources of stable on-going funding for their critical services. Energy costs for the operation of municipal buildings and infrastructure are a rising expense for communities. Fortunately, energy costs also represent one of the easiest places where cost savings can be realized. However, local governments frequently lack the technical expertise and staff capacity to pursue those savings. Even when staff members are interested in pursuing energy savings, determining where the necessary information is and how to prioritize improvements is an ongoing challenge. This is where the services of a Community Energy Manager (CEM)
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Performance Assessment Framework for Residential Buildings in Saudi Arabia
    sustainability Article Energy Performance Assessment Framework for Residential Buildings in Saudi Arabia Mohammad AlHashmi 1 , Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha 1,* , Rajeev Ruparathna 2, Kh Md Nahiduzzaman 1 , Kasun Hewage 1 and Rehan Sadiq 1 1 School of Engineering, University of British Columbia (Okanagan), 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada; [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (K.M.N.); [email protected] (K.H.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, 2285 Wyandotte St. W., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The residential sector consumes about 50% of the electricity produced from fossil fuels in Saudi Arabia. The residential energy demand is increasing. Moreover, a simple building energy performance assessment framework is not available for hot arid developing countries. This research proposes an energy performance assessment framework for residential buildings in hot and arid regions, which focuses on three performance criteria: operational energy, GHG emissions, and cost. The proposed framework has been applied to three types of residential buildings, i.e., detached, attached, and low-rise apartments, in five geographical regions of Saudi Arabia. Design Builder® was used to simulate the energy demand in buildings over a whole year. Four types of efficiency improvement interventions, including double-glazed windowpanes, triple-glazed windowpanes, LED lighting, and split air conditioners, were introduced in 12 combinations. Overall, 180 simulations Citation: AlHashmi, M.; were performed which are based on 12 intervention combinations, three building types, and five Chhipi-Shrestha, G.; Ruparathna, R.; Nahiduzzaman, K.M.; Hewage, K.; regions.
    [Show full text]