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Towards Improving the Quality of Mobile Apps by Leveraging Crowdsourced Feedback

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Towards Improving the Quality of Mobile Apps by Leveraging Crowdsourced Feedback Towards Improving the Quality of Mobile Apps by Leveraging Crowdsourced Feedback María Gómez Lacruz Supervisors: Prof. Romain Rouvoy and Prof. Lionel Seinturier Inria Lille Nord Europe University of Lille This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science Thesis Committee: Prof. Xavier Blanc, Dr. Jacques Klein and Prof. Michele Lanza (referees) Dr. Alessandra Gorla and Prof. Luigi Lancieri (examiners) University of Lille 2nd December 2016 This manuscript was prepared by: María Gómez Lacruz Inria Lille Nord Europe University of Lille PhD advisors: Prof. Romain Rouvoy, University of Lille, France Prof. Lionel Seinturier, University of Lille, France Thesis Committee Referee: Prof. Xavier Blanc, University of Bordeaux, France Referee: Dr. Jacques Kein, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Referee: Prof. Michele Lanza, University of Lugano, Switzerland Examiner: Dr. Alessandra Gorla, IMDEA Software Institute of Madrid, Spain Examiner: Prof. Luigi Lancieri, University of Lille, France “Difficult things take a long time; impossible things, a little longer” —Dr. André A. Jackson A mis padres y mi hermano, por ser mi fuente de motivación. A Antonio, por su paciencia y apoyo infinitos. A mi tío Miguel, por ser mi referente. Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all the people that have contributed in some way to complete this thesis. Foremost, I would like to thank my supervisors Romain Rouvoy and Lionel Seinturier. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to join Inria and the Spirals team. Spending three years in Lille has been a wonderful experience. Thank you Lionel for your excellent direction of the team and your disposal to help us. A special gratitude is due to Romain with whom I worked every day. Thanks Romain for sharing your wisdom with me. I really appreciated your advises. Speaking with you was always a source of motivation. I would also like to acknowledge Martin Monperrus. Thank you Martin for all your ideas and contributions to this thesis. I have learned a lot from you. Further gratitude is due to all the members of the Spirals team. You make going to work a pleasure every day. A special mention to “les apigarçons”, thanks Antoine Veuiller and Julien Duribreux for your technical support. Thank you Laurence Duchien for sharing all type of informations regarding the university and the PhD. Thanks Maxime Colmant for helping me with administrative staff at my arrival when I didn’t speak French. Thanks also for sharing your motivation during the last mile of the PhD together. Thanks Geoffrey Hecht for welcoming me in Montreal and discovering methe craft beer world. Thank you Bo Zhang (and Budha), my office mate, for supporting some Zumba dances and resting late in the office during stressful periods. I also would like to thank the former members of the Spirals team that already left. First, I would like to acknowledge Nicolas Haderer and Christophe Ribero for introducing me in Apisense and helping me when I joined the team. I would also like to thank Matias Martinez for all the advises regarding the PhD and Lille. In fact, you were the first person I met in Lille. I would also like to thank Daniel Romero, Filip Krikava, and Loïc Huertas with whom I shared good moments inside Inria, but also sport, trips and events outside. x During my PhD I have had the pleasure to do two international collaborations abroad and meet excellent researchers around the world. Thank you Bram Adams for your valuable feedback about my research and hosting me in the MCIS group in Montreal. I would also like to thank MITACS for providing the funding for this collaboration. Another gratitude is for Walid Maalej. Thank you Walid for treating me as a team member of your research group (MAST) during my four months in Hamburg. During this visit I learned a lot about research from you, but also multidisciplinary things (like building a football table :-) ). I would also like to thank the Doctoral School of Engineering Science (SPI) of the University of Lille and the University of Hamburg for funding this collaboration. In addition, I would like to thank the rest of colleges from MCIS and MAST groups for making me feel like at home during my stays. I am grateful for the wonderful friends I have found in Lille. Firstly, thanks to my “Spanish family”: Alba, Marta, Juliette, Clara, Ana, Paul, Bassim, Pablo C., Pablo P. and Jose. Secondly, thanks to the “Italian gang”: Alice, Riccardo, Gabriele, Valeria, Salvatore, Emilio and Michele. Thank you all for making me laugh and have fun! Although I sometimes spent less time with you as I would have liked to do. I need to mention my twin Clara Ayora and my friend Mario Cervera. We started in the research world together and your continuous encouragement has been essential for reaching this end. I feel a high appreciation, gratitude and admiration for you. Tailandia is still waiting for us! ;-) Last but not least, I would like to thank the most important people in my life. You have suffered the collateral effects of doing a PhD. First, I would like tothankmy parents, Gloria and Ricardo, and my brother Felix. I am eternally grateful for your constant support, trust and encouragement. Finally, I would like to thank Antonio, in spite of the distance I always felt you very close to me. Thank you for your infinite patience and comprehension. Words cannot express my appreciation to you. I feel very lucky to have you in my life. xi Abstract The development of mobile applications (apps) is exploding, largely due to the widespread use of mobile devices. App stores (e.g., Google Play) are the common distribution channels for apps. The excessive competition in current app markets is forcing app vendors to release high-quality apps. In fact, previous studies have repeatedly demonstrated that app users are intolerant to quality issues (e.g., crashes, unresponsive apps). Users who encounter issues frequently uninstall apps and move to alternative apps. Hence, quickly detecting and preventing issues is crucial for staying competitive in the market. Although developers use emulators and test apps before deployment, many bugs emerge in the wild. Developing apps which run without errors along time remains a primary concern for app developers. The big challenge is that the environment is out of the app developers’ control. More specifically, the mobile ecosystem faces rapid platform evolution (OSs, APIs), high device fragmentation, and high diversity of execution contexts (networks, locations, sensors). This thesis introduces a new generation of app stores—App Store 2.0, which exploit crowdsourced information about apps, devices and users to increase the overall quality of the delivered mobile apps. App stores already have access to these different types of crowds. We claim that app stores can exploit the wisdom of the crowd to distill actionable insights from the feedback returned by the crowds. These actionable insights assist app developers to deal with potential errors and threats that affect their apps prior to publication or even when the apps are in the hands of end-users. We sketch a prototype of the envisioned app store for Android apps. We validate the proposed solution with real bugs and apps. Our results have proven the applicability and feasibility of our approach. These new app stores have the potential to reduce human effort and save precious time for developers, which is a decisive factor forthe success of mobile apps in current app markets. Résumé Le développement des applications mobiles (apps) est en pleine explosion, en grande partie en raison de l’utilisation généralisée des appareils mobiles. Les magasins d’applications (e.g., Google Play) sont les canaux de distribution courants pour les apps. La concurrence excessive sur les marchés d’applications actuels oblige les four- nisseurs d’applications à diffuser des applications de haute qualité. En fait, des études antérieures ont démontré que les utilisateurs d’applications sont intolérants à des prob- lèmes de qualité (e.g., des arrêts inopinés, des applications qui ne répondent pas). Les utilisateurs qui rencontrent des problèmes désinstallent fréquemment les applications et se dirigent vers des applications concurrentes. Par conséquent, détecter et prévenir rapidement des problèmes dans les applications est crucial pour rester compétitif sur le marché. Même si les développeurs utilisent des émulateurs et testent les applications avant le déploiement, de nombreux bugs peuvent encore apparaître dans la nature. Dévelop- per des applications qui fonctionnent sans erreur à travers le temps reste donc une préoccupation majeure pour les développeurs. Le grand défi qui demeure est que l’environnement reste hors du contrôle des développeurs d’applications. Plus pré- cisément, l’écosystème mobile est confronté à une rapide évolution des plateformes mobiles, une forte fragmentation des équipements, et une grande diversité des contextes d’exécution (les réseaux, les localisations, les capteurs). Cette thèse présente donc une nouvelle génération de magasins d’applications mobiles— App Store 2.0—qui exploite des données collectées sur les applications, les appareils et les utilisateurs afin d’augmenter la qualité globale des applications mobiles publiées en ligne. Les magasins d’applications ont déjà accès à différents types de communautés (de smartphones, d’utilisateurs, et d’applications). Nous affirmons que cette nouvelle génération de magasins d’applications peut exploiter l’intelligence collective pour obtenir des indications pratiques à partir des données retournées par les utilisateurs. Ces indications concrètes aident les développeurs d’applications à traiter les erreurs et xvi les menaces potentielles qui affectent leurs applications avant la publication oumême lorsque les applications sont dans les mains des utilisateurs finaux. Nous avons conçu un prototype du magasin d’applications envisagé pour les applications Android. Nous validons la solution proposée avec des bugs et des applications réels.
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