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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 136, NO. 2, PL. 1 Daniel Noble Johnson at the age of approximately 30 years. From a daguerreotype made about 1852. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 136, NUMBER 2 (End of Volume) THE JOURNALS OF DANIEL NOBLE JOHNSON (1822-1863) UNITED STATES NAVY 'Journal of a Cruise on the Brazils on Board of the U. S. Ship Delaware, 1 841-1842" and "Notes by the Way While on Board the U. S. Schooner Enterprise" Edited by MENDEL L. PETERSON Head Curator, Department of Armed Forces History United States National Museum Smithsonian Institution per\ /ORB (Publication 4375) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION APRIL 2, 1959 THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS, INC. BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. FOREWORD Daniel Noble Johnson was born in New York City on August 31, 1822, the son of Henry Johnson and Rebecca Wharton. He was reared in the city and received a good education through the academy level. His family was in comfortable circumstances financially, and he had the advantages to be gained from a secure and cultured home. This background is constantly reflected in the social attitudes he expressed in his journal. Before his nineteenth birthday he joined the United States Navy as a clerk to the purser of the U.S.S. Delaware, 74 guns, one of the largest United States warships then in commission. He was entered on the records of this ship on April 19, 1841. Five days later he sailed from New York aboard a packet schooner, the /. W. Kemp- ton, for Norfolk where the Delaware was refitting for her coming cruise. The next month Johnson began the journals which he was to keep until June 18, 1844. Later Johnson distinguished himself in public service as clerk to the assembly which set up the new State government of Wisconsin. He then entered business in Madison, and with the outbreak of the War between the States he joined the forces of the State. Late in 1862 he joined General Grant's staff as chief clerk and served in this capacity until he fell ill from the rigors of camp life with the forces besieging Vicksburg. He was transferred to the St. Louis General Hospital, where he died on the day after Vicksburg fell to the Union forces, July 5, 1863. Johnson was a man of unusual sensitivity and keenness of observa- tion, and he recorded what he saw and felt with grace and clarity. He did not smell the smoke of battle or witness the carnage that charac- terized the close-fought naval engagements of that time. Except for the troubles in Florida, it was a period of peace. Thus his journal does not echo the roar of guns and the groans of the wounded. What it may lack in blood and thunder is more than made up for in the sensitive picture of life aboard ship and in foreign ports which Johnson paints. We feel with him horror in the death of a young seaman who falls to the deck from aloft during heavy weather, the tenderness with which a group of rugged seamen bury a messmate ashore in a foreign land. We are depressed with him as he witnesses his first burial at sea and sense the deep loneliness that the ship's company felt as the body, wrapped in its own hammock and weighted with iron shot, plunged over the side and into the dark water. We revel in the boisterous horseplay of iv SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I36 the young "reefers" in the cockpit after their lessons in mathematics and EngHsh are finished. We can thrill with Johnson to the exotic sights, sounds, and smells as he goes ashore in a strange port. His keen senses missed little that was worth recording — the appearance of the people, their social customs, what they ate and drank, the private homes and public buildings, the commerce carried on in the local markets and ports, how they entertained themselves. The pitiful state of the Negro in South America at that time is brought home by the heart-rending description of a slave dying in agony on a public street while the crowds passed by without noticing. Johnson describes the comic-opera warfare between the Argentine and the eastern provinces when Uruguay established its independence. The historian is indeed fortunate that personal journals such as this have survived. Great lives and great events are recorded in stacks of ponderous volumes and reams of official documents, but those who write of the past must depend on documents of a more personal nature to furnish accounts of experiences which give to historical writing the air of reality. Johnson added to the interest of his journal by including sketches of his own depicting sights which he thought might be of interest to his friends. His picture, in color, of a sailor staggering along barefoot with a bottle in his hand is a gem. Besides giving us a candid picture of an all too common event, it records the appearance of the sailor's uniform, providing information seldom found in other sources. The original spelling and punctuation have been retained except in cases where the meaning of a passage required clarification. The journal is published through the kindness of Daniel Noble John- son's grandchildren, Irvin and Eunice Hoffman, of Washington, D. C, who also provided much information on Johnson's life from which this brief account is taken. I wish to acknowledge the expert assistance of Howard I. Chapelle, curator of the division of transportation in the United States National Museum, in checking the footnotes for technical accuracy and making several corrections. Mendel L. Peterson Head Curator, Department of Armed Forces History United States National Museum Smithsonian Institution PART 1 LIST OF OFFICERS ATTACHED TO U. S. SHIP DELAWARE Off Annapolis Sept. 26, 1 841 Charles Morris Commodore Chas. S. McCauley Captain David G. Farragut I St Lieut Edwd. A. Barnett Midshipman " Jas. V. Wilson 2d. Lieut Collin S. Shrockmorton Saml. Barron 3d. Lieut I. H. McI. Madison Chas. C. Turner 4th Lieut Robt. H. Getty Wm. McBlair 5th Lieut Wm. B. Fitzgerald Stephn. C. Rowan 6th Lieut Wm. A. Henry Cicero Price 7th Lieut Jas. H. Spotts Jas. Cormick Fleet Surgeon Wm. H. Jamesson Edwd. N. Cox Purser Edwd. C. Styler Chas. Henry Alden Chaplain Tenant McLanahan Otway H. Berryman Actg. Master Master Jona. H. Carter Fabius Stanley Wm. D. Austin Mr. Gammell Comm. Secy. Chas. W. Aby Robt. Woodworth Passd Asst. Sgn. Peter Kemble I. Howard Smith Asst. Surgeon Wm. Reily Stephn A. McCreeiy Edwd. C. Pasteur Wm. Taylor Smith Passd Midm. Richd. L. Law Benjm. S. Gantt Jno. Far. McCook Wm. H. Macomb Jno. R. Barker M. B. Woolsey Wm. H. Fauntleroy Wm. B. Morris Comm. Clerk Thos. W. Broadhead David S.L. Porter Captn. Clerk Wm. Gibson Wm. B, Benedict Prof, of Math. Jas. R. McCarthy Resse. M. Smith Midshipman Jno. Wilkes, Jr. Jno. Mercer Brooke Marine Officers Passengers Forward Officers Alvin Edson Captain Chas. Hunter Lt. Edward Crocker Boatswain Wm. A. L. Maddox Lieut Jno. C. Spencer Thos. Robinson Gunner Wm. B. Stack Lieut Surgeon Francis Sagee Carpenter Robt. Walsh Esqr. Thos. J. Royce Sail Maker Secy Legation at Brazil JOURNAL OF A CRUISE ON THE BRAZILS ON BOARD OF THE U. S. SHIP DELAWARE, 1841-1842 By D. N. JOHNSON "A Wayfaring Gothamite" Left New York on Monday April 24th 1841 in the Packet Schr. I. W. Kempton [Capt.] Willis master, bound to Norfolk, Va. to join the U. S. Ship Delaware.^ Captain Chas. S. McCawley ^ — destined for the Mediterranean station as the Flag Ship of Commodore Charles Morris.^ I had engaged a few days previous as clerk to Edward N. Cox * Purser of the Delaware, We arrived at Norfolk on Thursday April 27th after a short and pleasant run down the coast during which I did not experience the least symtom of sea sickness, which was in fact contrary to my anticipations as I had calculated upon being sick during the passage, as this was the first time I had been out of sight of land. I reported myself to Mr. Cox immediately upon my arrival at Norfolk and found that the Ship [was] still in the dry dock at the Gos- port Navy Yard ^ without the least probability of her being ready for launch- ing in some weeks. I employed mysyelf in the meantime in preparing my outfits and visiting the ship at least once each day. on Wednesday May ^th Reported myself for duty the Ship still in the dry dock, but on this day commenced receiving stores on board, preparatory to her coming out which was expected to take [place] in a few days. '^Delaware, 74 guns, built 1817. Destroyed at burning of the Norfolk Navy Yard, 1861. In 1830 it was reported of her "is stiff; sails, steers, and works well, but rolls deep, and is hard on her spars and rigging." 2 Charles S. McCauley, Midshipman, 16 January, 1809; Lieutenant, 9 December, 1814; Commander, 3 March, 1831; Captain, 9 December, 1839; Retired List, 21 December, 1861; Commodore on retired list, 4 April, 1867; died 21 May, 1869. 3 Charles Morris, Midshipman, i July, 1799; served with Commodore Preble in war with Tripoli; took part in the expedition under Stephen Decatur that destroyed the frigate Philadelphia; Lieutenant, January 1807; First Lieutenant of Constitution during the battle with the Guerriere in which he received severe wounds; Captain, 5 March, 1 813; held many responsible conmiands until his death in 1856. * Edward N. Cox, appointed Midshipman, 6 April, 1799; Lieutenant, 14 January, 1807; Purser, 2 March, 1820; died 14 August, 1845.