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Doğa Bilecik Kitabı Natural Values of Bilecik Under the Coordination of Hazırlanmıştır

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Doğa Bilecik Kitabı Natural Values of Bilecik Under the Coordination of Hazırlanmıştır Doga˘ / Nature Doga˘ / Nature B ilecik T.C. BURSA ESKİŞEHİR BİLECİK KALKINMA AJANSI Altınova Mah. İstanbul Cad. 424/4 Buttim İş Merkezi Buttim Plaza Kat: 6 Osmangazi / Bursa 0(224) 211 13 27 www.bebka.org.tr [email protected] Yapım / Production Günışığı Turizm Yayıncılık Pazarlama Bilişim San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Kamerhatun Mah. Hamalbaşı Cad. No:14 / 140 Beyoğlu / İstanbul 0(212) 245 79 66 Metin ve Fotoğraflar / Writer and Photograph İsmail Şahinbaş Tasarım / Design Özgür Bahçe Çeviri / Translation Hakan Çolak Rehberlik ve Organizasyon / Guidance and Organization Kerim Karaman Baskı / Publication Seçil Ofset www.secilofset.com 0(212) 629 06 15 Aralık / December 2018 8 Coğrafya / Geography 20 İklim / Climate 24 Su Kaynakları / Water Resources 28 Biyolojik Çeşitlilik / Biological Diversity 36 Rotalar / Routes BİLECİK Map of Bilecik Province Önsöz / Preface Yollar kentin belleğidir Roads are the memory of the city Bilecik Valiliği koordinasyonunda Bursa The Bilecik Nature Book is prepared by Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Kalkınma Ajansı (BEBKA) Eskişehir Bilecik Development Agency to reveal the tarafından Bilecik ilinin doğal değerlerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla Doğa Bilecik kitabı natural values of Bilecik under the coordination of hazırlanmıştır. Bilecik Governorship. Doğa Bilecik kitabı, bu uzun yolculuğumuzun The Bilecik Book of Nature is the first and ilk ve en sağlam adımıdır. Bu adım beraberinde strongest step in this long journey. This step will yeni yaklaşımları da getirecektir. Bilecik coğrafyasında doğal ve kültürel bring new approaches. temelli yürüyüş parkurları oluştururken, geçmiş While creating natural and cultural based zamanın tanığı, kentlerin ulaşım ağlarını geleceğin walking trails in Bilecik geography, we leave nesillerine emanet bırakıyoruz. witnesses of the past and transport networks of İlin tamamında; 5 tematik, 18 günübirlik ve 2 de kanyon geçişi olmak üzere toplamda 500 km’lik cities to future generations. rota hazırladık. Bilecik doğa turizmi içinde eşsiz In the whole province; we prepared a total of bir çekim merkezi olma yolunda emin adımlarla 500 km route including 5 thematic, 18 day trips ilerliyor. and 2 canyon passes. Başta Bilecikliler ve ülkemiz insanları olmak üzere, tüm doğaseverleri Bilecik’e davet We are inviting all nature lovers, especially the ediyoruz… people of Bilecik and our country, to Bilecik Tahir Büyükakın Vali / Governor Doğa Bilecik Nardın Platosu / Nardın Plateau - 6 - Nature Bilecik Tozman Yaylası / Tozman Plateau İklimlerin ve Coğrafyaların Kesişim A city at the intersection of climates Noktasında Bir Şehir; Bilecik and geographies, Bilecik Bilecik, Marmara Bölgesi’nin güneydoğusunda Bilecik is located at the intersection points of Marmara, Karadeniz, İç Anadolu ve Ege bölgelerinin Marmara, Black Sea, Central Anatolia and Aegean kesişim noktaları arasında bulunmaktadır. regions in the south east of the Marmara Region. Doğudan Bolu ve Eskişehir, güneyden Kütahya, Bolu and Eskişehir from the east, Kütahya from batıdan Bursa, kuzeyden Sakarya illeri ile çevrili the south, Bursa from the west, Sakarya provinces durumdadır. İl, 4321 km²’lik alanı ile ülke are surrounded by the north. With an area of topraklarının % 0,5’ini kaplayıp alan sıralaması 4321 km², the province occupies 0.5% of the bakımından 65. sırada yer almaktadır. Bilecik country’s territory and ranks 65th in terms of the ülkemizin dört ayrı bölgesine sınırı olan tek ildir. area ranking. Bilecik is the only province that has borders to four different regions of our country. Ege, İç Anadolu, Karadeniz ve Marmara bölgelerinin Since the Aegean, Central Anatolia, Black Sea and kesiştiği yerde bulunmasından ötürü iklimi ve Marmara regions are located at the intersection of dolayısı ile bitki örtüsü çeşitlilik göstermektedir. the regions, the climate and thus the vegetation İl merkezi 500 metre yükseltide bulunmaktadır. vary. The city center is at an altitude of 500 m. Köroğlu Dağları, İç Anadolu Platosu ve kıyı ve Köroğlu Mountains, Central Anatolia Plateau, has akarsu ovaları ile örülü bir coğrafyaya sahiptir. a geography that is woven with coastal and river Bilecik coğrafyası deyince akla ilk olarak çeşitlilik plains. Diversity and richness come to mind when ve zenginlik gelmektedir. Değişen yükselti Bilecik geography is mentioned. The change in farklılıkları ve bunların yarattığı ekosistemler altitude and the ecosystems created by them ile üç bitki coğrafyasının kesişim noktasında and the location of the three plant geography at bulunma durumu Bilecik coğrafyasını çekici hale the intersection point make Bilecik geography getirmektedir. attractive. 7 Doğa Bilecik Yenipazar Coğrafi Yapı Geographical Structure Orta Kuşak’ta yer alan Türkiye doğal bitki Turkey that is located in the midrail is a rich örtüsü yönünden zengin bir ülkedir. Bu zenginliğin country from the point of natural vegetation. The başlıca nedeni kısa mesafelerde değişen main reason of this wealth is the earth crust order yerkabuğu düzeni ile buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan that changes at short distances and soil properies toprak özellikleri ve iklim şartlardaki farklılıklardır. consequently and differences in climate conditions. Aslında genel anlamda Bilecik için de bu şartlar Actually, in general manner, these conditions are geçerlidir. valid for Bilecik also. Türkiye kuzey yarımkürede yer aldığı için Because Turkey is located in North güneyden kuzeye gidildikçe iklim değişmektedir. Hemisphere, the climate changes from South to Bitki örtüsü, tarım ürünleri ve toprak türleri çok North.Vegetation, agricultural product and soil çeşitlidir. Yüksek bir ülke olması nedeniyle; types are so various. Cultivated area is small and ekili-dikili alanı az ve parçalıdır. Türkiye’nin fragmental due to being a high county. The four kapsadığı coğrafyalarda, çeşitli iklim tiplerinde dört seasons are experienced in geographies that mevsim dengeli olarak yaşanmaktadır. Türkiye, Turkey covers and various climate types. Turkey ılıman kuşak ile subtropikal kuşak arasında yer is located between the temperate zone and almaktadır. Bu özelliği sayesinde ülkenin değişik subtropical zone. Thanks to this feature, diffirent iklim bölgeleri üzerinde farklı mevsimler aynı anda seasons can be experienced on different climatic yaşanabilmektedir. zones of the county at the same time. 8 Nature Bilecik Tozman Yaylası / Tozman Plateau Bilecik coğrafyasını daha iyi anlamak için To understand better geography of Bilecik, Anadolu coğrafyasının temel özelliklerini iyi bilmek the basic features of Anatolian geography should gerekmektedir. Yani genelden özele doğru bakış be known better. That is to say, the view from çok daha doğru bakış olmaktadır. İl topraklarının the general to specific is much more accurate %32’sini dağlar oluşturmaktadır. Dağlarında view. The mountains constitute 32% of provincial kızılçam, köknar, karaçam, sarıçam, kayın, ceviz, lands. Calabnian pine, scotch pine, beech, walnut, fındık, meşe, ladin, titrek kavak, funda, ıhlamur, hazelnut, oak, quaking aspen, brier, linden, bay, defne, böğürtlen, incir, dişbudak, alıç ve kekikler blackberry, fig, ashen, howthorn and thymes are in bulunmaktadır. its mountains. Pazaryeri Pazaryeri 9 Doğa Bilecik Gölpazarı Jeolojik Yapı Geological Structure İl merkezinin en yüksek noktası 1150 metre The most highest point of city center is yüksekliği ile Dokuz Öküz Tepesi’dir. Ayrıca Dokuz Öküz Hill with its 1150 m. height. Besides, Çaytepe, Kavşaktepe, Yediler Tepesi, Dedekaya Çaytepe, Kavşaktepe, Yediler Hill, Dedekaya Tepesi, Deresakarya Tepeleri, Abbaslık Tepeleri, Hill, Deresakarya Hills, Abbaslık Hills, Küplü, Küplü, Gülümbe ve Pelitözü sırtları merkezin Gülümbe and Pelitözü crests constitutes the other diğer yükseltilerini oluşturmaktadır. İlin en yüksek elevations of the center. The highest mountain of dağı Bozüyük ilçesinde bulunan 1906 metrelik the city 1906 m. Kala mountain which is located Kala Dağı’dır. Yine aynı ilçede bulunan Yirce in Bozüyük county. The hightest point of Yirce Sıradağları’nın en yüksek noktası Yircetepe Mountain Ranges which is located in the same 1790 metrede, Metristepe ise 1300 metrede county again is Yircetepe at 1790 m. Metristepe bulunmaktadır. Osmaneli’de bulunan Avdan Dağı reaches 1300 m. in case. Mount Avdan is located 926 metre, Pazaryeri ilçesinde bulunan Ahi Dağı at Osmaneli. Its summit is 926 meters above sea 1100 metre, Söğüt ilçesinde Ballıkaya 1050 level. Mount Ahi is located at Pazaryeri. Its summit metre, İnhisar ilçesinde bulunan Akköy 950 metre, is 1100 meters above sea level. Mount Ballıkaya Gölpazarı’nda Göldağ’ın Kurşunlu Tepesi ise 1284 is located at Söğüt. Its summit is 1050 meters metre yüksekliği bulmaktadır. above sea level. Mount Akkaya is located at İnhisar. Its summit is 950 meters above sea level. Mount Gölday is located at Gölpazarı. Its summit (Kurşunlu Tepesi) is 1284 meters above sea level. 10 Nature Bilecik Gölpazarı Köroğlu Dağları Köroğlu Mountains Köroğlu Dağları İç Anadolu Bölgesi’ni Köroğlu mountains are mountain ranges that Karadeniz Bölgesi’ne bağlayan sıradağlardır. bound central Anatolia Region to the Blacksea Doğuda Osmancık dolaylarında Kızılırmak Region. It extends from the Kızılırmak elbow in the dirseğinden, batıda Bilecik dolaylarında Sakarya east of Osmancık to the Sakarya valley around Vadisi’ne kadar uzanmaktadır. Kuzeyindeki Bilecik in the west. It is seperated from Doğu Bolu-Ilgaz Dağları’ndan Devrez ve Ulusu-Gerede Ilgaz mountains that are its North with Devrez and Çayı yatakları ile ayrılmaktadır. Güney sınırını Ulu-Gerede Teas. Sakarya River, Kimir Tea
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