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Report of the Working Group on Fish Ecology (WGFE). ICES CM 2008/LRC:04, Ref. WGECO

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Report of the Working Group on Fish Ecology (WGFE). ICES CM 2008/LRC:04, Ref. WGECO ICES WGFE Report 2008 ICES Living Resources Committee ICES CM 2008/LRC:04 Ref. WGECO Report of the Working Group on Fish Ecology (WGFE) 3-7 March 2008 ICES, Copenhagen, Denmark International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK‐1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2008. Report of the Working Group on Fish Ecology (WGFE), 3‐7 March 2008, ICES, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2008/LRC:04. 119 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the General Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2008 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES WGFE Report 20088 | i Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................1 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................3 1.1 Terms of reference for 2008 .................................................................................3 1.2 Participants............................................................................................................4 1.3 Background ...........................................................................................................4 1.4 References..............................................................................................................5 2 Changes in abundance and distribution of selected fish species in response to environmental variables in the OSPAR marine area ........................5 2.1 Consideration of the reports of Ad Hoc groups...............................................5 2.2 Changes in distribution and abundance of fish in the OSPAR maritime area ........................................................................................................6 2.3 Changes in abundance.......................................................................................15 2.4 Case study: Changes in species distributions in relation to temperature in the North Sea............................................................................17 2.5 Case study: Changes in bottom temperature in the North Sea ....................26 2.6 Response to ICES WGECO comments (p. 110 ICES 2007b)..........................29 2.7 Climate change and the depth and latitudinal change in the North Sea demersal fish assemblage ...........................................................................32 2.8 RECLAIM Literature review.............................................................................32 2.9 Recommendations ..............................................................................................33 2.10 References............................................................................................................33 3 Review of ICUN decline criteria and comparison with ICES reference points .............................................................................................................................37 Term of reference and background............................................................................37 3.1 Review the IUCN criteria and evaluate suitability and usefulness of using these on marine fish species...............................................................37 3.2 Comparison of the criteria with the ICES series of reference points ...........40 3.3 Evaluate whether the risk assessment criteria used by IUCN are suitable for marine fish species and, if necessary, other and more appropriate methods and procedures .............................................................44 3.4 Discuss and suggest procedures within ICES to gather useful biological information about non‐commercial species that may improve the red list evaluation of these species.............................................45 3.5 Appendix: background information on extinction risk.................................45 3.6 References............................................................................................................47 4 Modelling approaches useful for addressing fish community EcoQOs ...........49 4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................49 ii | ICES WGFE Report 2008 4.2 Review of size‐based fish community models................................................51 4.3 MSVPA: Review of WGSAM’s work ...............................................................59 4.4 Application to the North Sea EcoQO...............................................................60 4.5 References............................................................................................................62 5 Utilisation of space by fish in relation to habitat, abundance, environment and exploitation...................................................................................64 5.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................64 5.2 Habitat preferences of selected demersal fish species in the Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea, North Atlantic ..............................................................66 5.3 Recovery processes of Cantabrian Sea inner shelf fish assemblages after trawl exclusion...........................................................................................72 5.4 Inter‐ and intra‐specific abundance‐occupancy relationships in the Georges Bank fish community..........................................................................77 5.5 References............................................................................................................82 6 Metrics for measuring the impacts of fishing on structure and function of fish communities.....................................................................................................84 6.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................84 6.2 Redundancy in fish community metrics: a case study of the North Sea EcoQO on the proportion of large fish......................................................84 6.3 References............................................................................................................90 7 Methods for comparing maps ...................................................................................91 7.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................91 7.2 Comparing two maps: visualising areas that are different...........................92 7.3 Using empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) to extract principal scales in fish spatial distributions and their temporal changes: case study for anchovy in the Bay of Biscay..........................................................103 7.4 References..........................................................................................................108 Annex 1: List of participants...........................................................................................109 Annex 2: List of working papers....................................................................................111 Annex 3: Agenda...............................................................................................................111 Annex 4: Proposed Terms of Reference for the next meeting ..................................112 Annex 5: Recommendations ...........................................................................................114 Annex 6: Technical Minutes from the Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of Fishing Activities (WGECO) .................................................................115 ICES WGFE Report 2008 | 1 Executive Summary Report Highlights • Compatibility between IUCN decline criteria and ICES reference points was re‐examined and it was concluded that for the most part they are compatible, i.e. it is unlikely that threatened or endangered status would be assigned to a species whose biomass was larger than the safe biological limits. • A first attempt to model recovery of the North Sea EcoQO was made with an ecosystem model suggesting that recovery on the time frame of a decade was realistic. • Methods for comparing maps of species distributions were explicated and a new method for multidimensional map comparison was proposed. Methods like this could be used as a standard for common TORs assigned to several working groups (e.g. OSPAR climate request) in order to produce compatible output for a unified ICES response. Executive Summary In 2008 WGFE finalised its contribution to the OSPAR request to examine impacts of climate induced changes in the marine physical environment on the distribution and abundance of fish. The analyses the 2008 report are more succinct than in the 2007 report and many of the suggestions of WGECO were heeded. Analysis were broken down by species and OSPAR region and where direct data analysis could not be done by the group, literature was summarised and in particular the report of the EU funded project RECLAIM
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