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PETIT MANAN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Milbridge, Maine And PETIT MANAN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Milbridge, Maine and Satellite Stations: Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge Franklin Island National Wildlife Refuge ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1987 U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM REVIEW AND APPROVALS PETIT MANAN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Milbridge, Maine and Satellite Stations Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge Franklin Island National Wildlife Refuge ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1987 Refuge, Manager Date Date Refugb Supervisor Review Date V LFTf.M. Regional 01:rice Approval Date PETIT MANAN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Milbridge, Maine ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1987 INTRODUCTION Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge is a 3,335 acre refuge complex consisting of 1,991 acres on Petit Manan Point, acquired in 1975 and 1976 through the Nature Conservancy; 1,155 acres on Bois Bubert Island, most of which was donated in 1980 through the Nature Conservancy; nine acres on Petit Manan Island, transferred from the Coast Guard in 1974; and five acres on Nash Island, transferred from the Coast Guard in 1983. The refuge is located in the towns of Steuben, Milbridge, and Addison, in Washington County, Maine. Petit Manan Point has a rugged, windswept character. Its habitats include red and white spruce forests with some mixed hardwoods, coastal raised heath peatlands, fresh and saltwater marshes, blueberry barrens, cedar swamps, jack pine stands, old hayfields, rocky shores, and cobble beaches. It is noted for its use by migrating waterfowl, shorebirds, and raptors. At the turn of the century most of the peninsula was owned by the Maine Coast Club, a company that intended to develop the land for "rusticators". Tennis courts, a golf course, a saltwater swimming impoundment, a deer enclosure, a wharf, and even a casino were built, and portions of the Point were divided into lots. However, their expectations were never realized, and the Club went bankrupt. Most of the Point was eventually acquired by the Mague family who turned it back into a saltwater farm, using the cleared areas for sheep pasture and blueberry grounds. The old Club buildings gradually disappeared, and, aside from two old camps and a small chapel, few traces of it remain. Bois Bubert Island is much like Petit Manan Point in character and wildlife. The island runs parallel to the Point, about one mile east. Approximately 90% of the island is owned by the Service; inholdings are being acquired as they become available. Like many of the larger islands in Maine, Bois Bubert once had a village with a school, but now only a few old camps remain on the inholdings. Petit Manan Island, named by Samuel de Champlain after Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, in 1604, is a nine acre treeless island, two and a half miles south of the Point. Historically it has been one of the most important colonial seabird nesting islands in the Gulf of Maine. It is also the site of an historic lightstation. Nash Island is a nine acre treeless island approximately seven miles east of Petit Manan Point. Only half of the island is under Service ownership; the other half is privately owned. It is a former tern nesting island, but now only hosts nesting eiders and gulls. INTRODUCTION Page TABLE OF CONTENTS i A. HIGHLIGHTS 1 B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 1 C. LAND ACQUISITION 1. Fee Title 2 2. Easements 2 3. Other 2 D. PLANNING 1. Master Plan Nothing to Report 2. Management Plan Nothing to Report 3. Public Participation Nothing to Report 4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Res. Mandates...3 5. Research and Investigations 3 6. Other Nothing to Report E. ADMINISTRATION 1. Personnel 7 2. Youth Programs 8 3. Other Manpower Programs Nothing to Report 4. Volunteer Programs 8 5. Funding 8 6. Safety 9 7. Technical Assistance 9 8. Other Nothing to Report F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT 1. General Nothing to Report 2. Wetlands 10 3. Forests 11 4. Croplands Nothing to Report 5. Grasslands 11 6. Other Habitats 11 7. Grazing 12 8. Haying Nothing to Report 9. Fire Management 12 i 10. Pest Control Nothing to Report 11. Water Rights Nothing to Report 12. Wilderness and Special Areas 15 13. WPA Easement Monitoring Nothing to Report G. WILDLIFE 1. Wildlife Diversity 15 2. Endangered and Threatened Species 15 3. Waterfowl 16 4. Marsh and Waterbirds Nothing to Report 5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns and Allied Species 16 6. Raptors 18 7. Other Migratory Birds 19 8. Game Mammals 19 9. Marine Mammals 19 10. Other Resident Wildlife :. 19 11. Fisheries Resources Nothing to Report 12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking Nothing to Report 13. Surplus Animal Disposal Nothing to Report 14. Scientific Collections Nothing to Report 15. Animal Control 19 16. Marking and Banding 2 0 17. Disease Prevention and Control 2 0 H. PUBLIC USE 1. General 2 0 2. Outdoor Classrooms - Students Nothing to Report 3. Outdoor Classrooms - Teachers Nothing to Report 4. Interpretive Foot Trails 2 0 5. Interpretive Tour Routes Nothing to Report 6. Interpretive Exhibits/Demonstrations Nothing to Report 7. Other Interpretive Programs 21 8. Hunting ...Nothing to Report 9. Fishing Nothing to Report 10. Trapping Nothing to Report 11. Wildlife Observation Nothing to Report 12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation Nothing to Report 13. Camping Nothing to Report 14. Picnicking Nothing to Report 15. Off-Road Vehicling Nothing to Report 16. Other Non-Wildlife Oriented Recreation Nothing to Report 17. Law Enforcement 21 18. Cooperating Associations Nothing to Report I. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES 1. New Construction Nothing to Report ii 2. Rehabilitation 23 3. Major Maintenance 2 3 4. Equipment Utilization and Maintenance 24 5. Communication Systems Nothing to Report 6. Computer Systems 2 5 7. Energy Conservation Nothing to Report J. OTHER ITEMS 1. Cooperative Programs Nothing to Report 2. Other Economic Uses Nothing to Report 3. Items of Interest 2 5 4. Credits 26 K. FEEDBACK ' 26 L. INFORMATION PACKET Map Appended SATELLITE REFUGES Appended * Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge Franklin Island National Wildlife Refuge iii 1 A. HIGHLIGHTS The refuge received a $2,000 donation from Mr. John Hay of Waldoboro, Maine. (Section 1-2) The fourth year of the seabird management program on Petit Manan Island saw record numbers of eiders nesting, the first Atlantic puffin chick produced, and a black tern and a pair of black- headed gulls attempt to nest. (Sections D-5 and G-5) Thirteen acres of blueberry grounds were burned this year, the first prescribed burning since the refuge was created in 1975. (Section F-9) B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS The climate of coastal Washington County is moderated by the Atlantic Ocean. Summer temperatures are significantly cooler and winter temperatures are significantly warmer than inland areas. No weather data is collected at this station; however,in the Machias area, the average annual temperature is 43 degrees F., the average annual precipitation is 49 inches, the average annual snowfall is 75 inches, and the average frost-free growing season is 132 days. This area receives an average of fourteen thunderstorms per year. The average tidal range is 10.9 feet. Fog is an important influence on coastal ecosystems, occurring 33% of the time during the summer months. Petit Manan Point W. French 2 The winter of 1986-87 will be remembered for its winter storms and snowfall. We had three major storms during the first three weeks of January, followed by three more in February. By the middle of February, over three feet of snow covered the ground, which lasted until the end of March. The blowing, drifting snow made access to the Point almost impossible for two months. The Magues, the only year-round residents of the Point, had to literally bulldoze their way in and out each day, two miles one way. Summer was just the opposite: lots of high pressure systems brought many clear, dry days, with little fog. There was very little rainfall from June 3 until September 21, when a storm dumped over six inches of rain on the area during the night, bringing the yearly average back to normal. The '87-88 winter started out like the previous one. The first snowstorm, a 12-incher on November 12, brought an early freeze-up to refuge flowages. By the end of December, over four feet of snow had fallen, with approximately two feet remaining on the ground. C. LAND ACQUISITION 1. Fee Title The Holley Tract (10g-I), a small, 25 acre inholding on Bois Bubert Island, was transferred this year from the Nature Conservancy. This tract, a tract on Cross Island NWR, and several tracts on Rachel Carson NWR were initially acquired by TNC several years ago, and were all traded this year for an estate on Rachel Carson that had been donated to the Service. The appraised value of the Holley Tract was $61,000. Other inholdings on the refuge will be acquired as they become available. 2. Easements Throughout the year the Maine Coast Heritage Trust, a non-profit organization specializing in land preservation through easements, has worked on acquiring easements on our inholdings. Although no easements were recorded this year, there are some landowners that are seriously considering this. 3. Other Senior Staff Specialist Bob Miller, Realty Officer Jim Turner, 3 and Review Appraiser Ken Bodell visited the refuge in September to review future inholding acguisitions. They also visited the site of another potential refuge for the area, the 1000 acre Bog Brook marsh in the town of Deblois, approximately 20 miles north of Milbridge. This site was also visited by ARD Don Young, Refuge Supervisor Tom McAndrews, and Appraiser Walt Quist in September, and by Land Surveyor Roger Tornstrom in July.
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